Abstract: A method for increasing the number of live births to a female animal by feeding the female animal beginning at least one week before the expected time of birth of the female animal's offspring, an edible flaxseed composition comprising ground flaxseed. This ground flaxseed composition can be admixed with a suitable animal feed. Zinc and/or vitamin B-6 can be included in the composition. An animal feed blend comprising an animal feed and a stable dry edible flaxseed composition comprising ground raw flaxseed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flour-type product derived from sugar cane which contains a high dietary fiber concentration. This product is made by separating the pith of the sugar cane from the rind and epidermal layer and then removing from the pith any rind residue from a first stage separation and long fibrovascular bundles embedded in the parenchyma cells of the pith. The clean pith is dried and milled to shred the walls of the parenchyma cells into fiber having a length not exceeding 300 microns.

Abstract: A feed for hens which serves to reduce the cholesterol content of eggs laid by the hens, the feed being made up of laying mash and dehydrated cabbage in a ratio of about three parts of laying mash to two parts of cabbage by weight. The cabbage has been dehydrated by a process which does not raise its temperature to the point where enzymes therein are inactivated. It is believed that the enzymes in the dehydrated cabbage serve to induce cytochrome P-450 in the hen to break down the cholesterol in the body of the hen and, so, reduce the amount going into the eggs.

Abstract: Feed compositions are provided for raising meat-producing ruminants and polutry. .beta.-hydroxcy-.beta.-methylbutyric acid or an edible salt thereof (HMB) is incorporated in the ruminant or poultry feeds to obtain a substantial increase in meat and/or to improve the quality of the lean meat.

Abstract: A food product for dogs and cats consists of a paste of meat, vegtables, eggs, mineral salts, maize flour, soya lecithin, milk or its derivatives, which is subsequently moulded to a desired shape. The product thus shaped is then freeze dried.

Abstract: A stepwise method of recovering high integrity particulate feed supplement fats free of live pathogens and malodors from abatoir sludge containing substantial fat components in a vacuum evaporating granulator. The method comprises: primary comminuting aqueous abatoir sludge with strong base until a fluid suspension of finely divided particles is formed; evaporatively heating the suspension until the dry matter amounts to more than 70 percent and the strong base has reacted with the fat component and coagulated the fluid suspension to form soft homogeneous solid agglomerates; secondary comminuting the agglomerates with high speed blades until particles are formed with diameters smaller than 5 millimeters; and setting the particles by heating under vacuum until the particles harden, exhibit no malodors, and are free of live pathogens. A chemical agent such as phosphoric acid or uncondensed urea-formaldehyde concentrate may be additively reacted with the abatoir sludge to ameliorate odors and pathogens.

Abstract: A feed composition for fowls containing casein phosphopeptide.The feed compositon increases calcium intake of fowls, and when it is fed to chicks it brings increase in bone growth and body weight, low feed requirement and high breeding efficiency. When it is fed to adult chickens for egg production in a later stage, egg breakage is decreased by little decrease of eggshell strength.

Abstract: An animal hoof is soaked in a solution containing from about 50% to about 100% propylene glycol and from about 0% to about 50% water, then pressure cooked in a solution containing from about 50% to about 100% propylene glycol and from about 0% to about 50% water, the cooked in vegetable oil. The cooked hoof may then be filled with an edible filer such as dry dog food.

Abstract: This invention relates to aqueous compositions suitable for ensiling substrates said composition comprising formic acid and octanoic acid. The composition may contain in addition other components such as propionic acid and ammonia to improve ease of handling.The feature of the invention is that octanoic acid, which when used alone, has no ensiling or fermentation activity, has enhanced ensiling activity when used in conjunction with formic acid and thus increases nutritionally desirable sugars in the ensiled product.

Abstract: A stable dry edible flax seed composition comprising ground raw flax seed. An animal feed blend comprising: (1) animal feed, and (2) the above-described flax seed composition. A method for improving the general health and appearance of animals, increasing Omega-3 content of animal tissue and decreasing the cholesterol content of animal tissue comprising administering orally to a subject a biologically effective amount of the above-described flax seed composition. A method for improving the general health and appearnce of human beings and Omega-3 content of human being tissue comprising administering orally to a human being a biologically effective amount of the above-described flax seed composition. A method for producing the above-described stable dry edible flax seed composition comprising grinding raw flax seed at a temperature of from about 160.degree. F. to just above freezing. The flax seed composition can additionally comprise zinc and/or vitamin B-6.

Abstract: Compositions and method for forming a weather resistant, non-flowable and stackable animal feed block from flowable premixes. A first premix comprises particular cane molasses, dissolved calcium chloride, fat, water, and urea having a pH between about 4.4 and about 5.5. A second premix comprises water soluble salts of orthophosphoric acid which when mixed with the first premix provides a block having a hardness of 4.0 in 6 hours or less and minimum loss in field weather conditions. A dry blend of animal feed supplements may be included in the block.

Abstract: A hoof and coat supplement composition for domestic animals comprises by weight percent substantially:96.0% to 0.0% palatable carrier;50.0% to 2.0% methionine;0.25% to 0.01% biotin20.0% to 2.0% live yeast culture and yeast fermentation solubles;5.0% to 1.25% zinc in chelated form;0.40% to 0.0% preservative;1.5% to 0.0% antioxidant agent; and20.0% to 0.0% flavoring agent.

Abstract: A high moisture, high energy liquid feed supplement and concentrate for animals (ruminants, cattles) is disclosed which is capable of remaining in stable suspension while containing a high porportion of fat. The suspension is maintained by salts of fatty acids formed in the added fat. Formation of the fatty acid salts is produced by reacting an aqueous base with the fat at an elevated temperature to form the fatty acid salts therein and subsequently adding the additional materials therein.

Abstract: Adverse effects of mold-infested corn caused by mycotoxins are alleviated by including methionine and niacinamide in the diet of poultry.

Abstract: An extruded feed intake limiting composition for use in free choice horse feeding also prevents colic, and founder and other digestive disorders. The horse ration, which has a low-to-medium energy content, is carefully balanced nutritionally as to nutrient density, soluble carbohydrate and fiber content. The ration can be fed to a horse on an ad libitum basis as the sole source of nutrition for the horse excluding water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mineral salt-free total protein degradation product whose production and use is as a meat flavor precursor and protein source especially in animal feed. By mineral acid hydrolysis, a protein material, preferably from keratin, is obtained with subsequent electrolytic neutralization and reduction.

Abstract: Disclosed are high meat content jerky-type pet treats and their methods of preparation. The present pet jerky treats provide product quality attributes of conventionally prepared jerky treats but with substantial cost savings. The present method involves a multi-step extrusion cooking process of major amounts involving aqueous dispersions of animal meats, soy meal, farinacious material, and minor amounts of salts, humectants, and flavorants.

Abstract: A method is described for preventing diet-induced Carnitine deficiency in domesticated dogs and cats. A daily prophylactic amount of gamma-butyrobetaine is administered to the pet either as a dietary supplement in an amount of 1.0 to 5.0 grams of gamma-butyrobetaine per day, or gamma-butyrobetaine is provided as an additional ingredient to a commercial pet food in an amount of 1.0 to 5.0 grams of gamma-butyrobetaine per kilogram pet food.

Abstract: The invention is a coating for animal feeds; more particularly a coating composition comprising cane molasses for animal feeds which provides a golden brown color and free-flow characteristics to such feeds. The invention discloses that when cane molasses or cane molasses/fat is treated with phosphoric acid, phosphate or polyphosphate salts, or various acids, the resulting composition provides a golden brown color, improves the free-flow characteristics, and improves tackiness retention of the feed to which it is applied. Addition of an emulsifier to a cane molasses/fat coating composition eliminates spottiness.

Abstract: A method of controlling consumption of animal feed is disclosed which is capable of limiting consumption to a desired level per animal without the use of special equipment or additional labor for this purpose. The feed composition includes a basal supplement containing an effective amount of sodium hydroxide to control consumption of the feed composition to the desired level.

Abstract: A method is provided for raising meat producing domestic animals to increase lean tissue development. .beta.-hydroxcy-.beta.-methylbutyric acid or an edible salt thereof (HMB) is administered to the animals in an effective amount for a sufficient length of time to obtain a substantial increase in lean tissue weight. Feed compositions for use in practicing the method are also provided. The method and feed compositions are particularly adapted for use with ruminants, including beef cattle and lambs, since HMB is not subject to appreciable rumen destruction. The method can also be practiced with other domestic animals, including chickens, and turkeys.

Abstract: A shelf-stable, semi-moist pet food, wherein partly farinaceous solid pieces are covered by or immersed in an aqueous free gravy. The solid pieces are prepared to be resistant to significant swelling or disintegration when in contact with an aqueous liquid, preferably by incorporating binding means such as vital wheat gluten. A preferred aqueous gravy has a pH of less than about 4.7 and a sufficiently low water activity so that the gravy itself is also shelf stable. The mixture of gravy and solid pieces has a water activity of less than about 0.9 and a pH of less than about 4.7 to resist microbiological growth.

Abstract: A process for producing silage from fermentable forage chop is provided. The process consists of first preparing a microbial product by incubating fermentable vegetable matter in a brine and isolating the microbial product from the brine. The forage chop is then inoculated with the microbial product at a rate of from 10.sup.2 -10.sup.7 colony-forming units/g forage chop. The microbial product is characterized, and an improved pickling tank producing the microbial product is described.

Abstract: A hoof and coat supplement composition for domestic animals comprises by weight percent substantially:96.0 to 0.0 palatable carrier;50.0% to 2.0% DL-methionine;0.25% to 0.01% biotin;20.0% to 2.0% yeast culture and yeastfermentation solubles;5.0% to 1.25% zinc methionine;0.40% to 0.0% preservative;1.5% to 0.0% antioxidant agent; and20.0% to 0.0% flavoring agent.

Abstract: A synergistic combination of high-shear mechanical disruption and alkali pretreatment in a high solids reaction mixture constitutes a significant improvement in the alkaline peroxide treatment of lignocellulosic materials. The simultaneous application of these conditions greatly reduces the amounts of reagents otherwise required, and also eliminates the waste stream of liquid byproducts. Suitable sources of substrate treatable by this process include nonwoody plant parts, crop residues, and agricultural byproducts. The products of this treatment are nontoxic and characterized by high cellulose availability. These products are thereby useful as carbohydrate sources in ruminant feeds, as microbial feedstocks, and as sources of dietary fiber for humans and other monogastrics.

Abstract: A chewy, semi-plastic, non-porous, microbiologically-stable dog food which includes: 12 to about 30 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the dog food, of gelatin; at least one acidulant; at least one cereal starch-containing textural agent; at least one release agent; at least one taste agent; at least one sugar; salt; and added water. The dog food is in a compacted form. The dog food has a pH of about 3 to 5, and has a moisture content of about 10 to about 25 weight percent, based upon the weight of the dog food. The process for preparing the dog food includes: (a) mixing the dry components and liquid components with low speed agitation and continuing the mixing until a dough is obtained; (b) forming the dough by compacting into compacted dog snacks or biscuits; (c) conditioning the compacted dough at 185.degree. to 200.degree. F. for about 7 to 8 minutes; and (d) packaging the compacted dog snacks or biscuits in a protective package.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel binder combination for pelletized and compressed animal feed. This binder comprises a chemically reactive, molasses-free, mixture of a reactive phosphate source plus a reactive metal oxide, hydroxide, or salt.

Abstract: An acidic molasses-based liquid animal feed supplement including nutritionally appropriate phosphorus and magnesium and, optionally, non-protein nitrogen, is hardened into a solid form by the addition of a small amount of a soluble calcium compound, preferably calcium chloride, so that the calcium to magnesium weight ratio is between about 1.5 and 3. The disclosed solid animal feed supplement is sufficiently palatable to permit its free choice feeding, yet discourages overfeeding by its hardness and acidity. The block contains sufficient molasses to help meet the energy requirements for maintenance and weight gain of grazing animals, but is sufficiently low in pH to minimize the risk of ammonia poisoning due to breakdown of non-protein nitrogen sources to free ammonia during rumination.

Abstract: An alkaline supplement for ruminant feeds is a fluid suspension comprising the components: about 20 to about 40 percent by weight water; about 2 to about 10 percent by weight sodium carbonate; about 2 to about 10 percent by weight calcium phosphate; about 10 to about 40 percent by weight molasses; about 5 to about 30 percent by weight limestone; up to about 15 percent by weight urea; up to about 5 percent by weight magnesium oxide; up to about 20 percent by weight dolomite; up to about 30 percent by weight fat; up to about 30 percent by weight protein meal; and a suspending agent.

Abstract: An intermediate moisture food composition including(a) a source of protein in an amount effective to provide a minimum protein content approximately 15% by weight including hash and/or bone-in fractions(b) at least one humectant in an amount effective to provide maximum water activity of approximately 0.9.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of producing improved pelleted animal feeds. Under the process of this invention, an animal feed composition containing an effective amount of a water soluble form of calcium is compressed into pellets. The water soluble form of calcium present in the composition serves as both the source of mineral nutrition and as a pellet binding agent. The pelleted animal feeds produced by the process of this invention exhibit superior durability and produce less fines.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preservation of high moisture animal feeds which utilize a fermentation (either natural or induced) to improve the quality of the animal food. More specifically, this invention utilizes dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in plant feeds in combination with fermentation microorganisms to produce an animal feed which is high in nutrient value and low in spoilage microorganisms.

Abstract: Silage is preserved by treating it with a small but silage preserving effective amount of the microorganism Propionibacterium jensenii or the genetic equivalents thereof.

Abstract: Interior egg quality, usually expressed in Haugh Units, is prolonged by feeding the laying poultry a diet containing zeolite A. If the feed contains a reduced chloride content, egg shell quality, egg shell thickness or egg specific gravity may be also improved, and/or the number of shell-less eggs may be reduced.

Abstract: An energy efficient steam rolled grain mill includes a preheater chamber, a steam chest, a roller mill and a cooler and dryer chamber. The cooler and dryer chamber is in direct head exchange relationship with the preheater chamber.

Abstract: Preparation according to which preparation a feed slurry and an effluent are obtained. The effluent is subjected to a thermal treatment in which resident proteins coagulate, the high protein solid components are removed and the effluent is. The evaporated feed slurry is thereupon hydrolyzed and said feed slurry is mixed with the effluent. Prior or after mixing the effluent, the mixture, is subjected to a lactic acid fermentation. After fermentation and mixing the mixture is further evaporated to a dry material content of 45 to 55 weight %.

Abstract: According to the invention, a liquid deliquescent composition is substantially uniformly applied to grain, animal feed, animal feed ingredients, hay or poultry litter product, inhibiting moisture migration or translocation in the product and thereby inhibiting the formation of mold-generating accumulations of moisture adjacent the walls of storage containers for grain, animal feed, feed ingredients or hay which are subject to large overnight temperature drops, and similary inhibiting the formation of mold-generating accumulations of moisture adjacent the walls of grain elevators or silos subject to large seasonal temperature drops. Such inhibiting of moisture migration or translocation according to the invention also inhibits the formation of dry zones in grain, animal feed, feed ingredients, hay or poultry litter, thereby inhibiting the generation of dust from such products, including the inhibiting of dust generation during the screw-conveying of grain to storage.

Abstract: This invention relates to a supplement to ruminant animal feedstuffs to improve the milk production and milk protein yield of ruminants e.g. cows. The supplement comprises a basic salt of propionic acid having a pH of 8-14.

Abstract: An animal feed block and its manufacture are described wherein the block includes and is made through the chemical reaction of an aqueous blend of an edible trivalent metal salt, magnesium oxide, phosphorous and nutritive ingredients which upon curing provides a rigid feed block with internal control over the rate at which animals consume it.

Abstract: Complex salts of copper useful for nutritional supplementation to provide copper in a form which effectively increases the bioavailability of copper, assuring adequate dietary requirement for health and growth, with the complexes comprising copper ions complexed with certain alpha hydroxy organic acids.

Abstract: An animal feed composition and method of compounding animal feed utilizing a carboxylic containing compound as a binder. The carboxylic containing compound comprises a polymer, copolymer or salts of the polymer or copolymer having a monomer unit of the general formula --(RCHCR'COOH).sub.n --where R is hydrogen or a carboxylic acid and R' is hydrogen or an alkyl group. One specific embodiment of the binder comprises a copolymer of a sulfonated lignin material and a monomer, polymer or polymer salt of the above general formula. The binder is incorporated with the feed in an amount of from about 0.025% to about 4.0% on a dry weight basis.

Abstract: A wild bird feed includes a sunflower heart of chip coated with a hydrophobic coating that includes a corn gluten meal. Additionally, a lipid such as beef tallow is added to the coating. A preferred coating additionally includes glycerin. The invention also includes a process for producing such a feed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a stable thixotropic suspension of water insoluble animal feed nutrients in an aqueous feed solution and a method for its preparation. The method comprises forming a liquid gel from an aqueous solution of sugar, protein or mixtures thereof, having a concentration of at least 60.degree. Brix, by adding calcium hyroxide and phosphoric acid or ammonium polyphosphate to the solution. The gel is diluted with water and insoluble feed nutrients such as fat, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, etc., or drugs such as monisan are suspended in the diluted gel. Water soluble feed nutrients such as urea, sodium bicarbonate, etc., can also be added.

Abstract: By giving mammals, fowls, fish, etc. feeds containing Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (FERM BP-1096), an excellent body weight gain and feed efficiency can be obtained.

Abstract: A process and feed composition for supplying fatty acids to ruminant animals which comprises feeding saturated fatty acids in the form of triglycerides to the animals. These highly saturated triglycerides may be added in an amount preferably between 2.5% of the total dry matter of the ratio. The highly saturated fatty acids according to the present invention have an iodine value of less than 25.

Abstract: To supplement feeds and industrially produced mixed feeds with L-lysine, there are used aqueous L-lysine solutions having a L-lysine content between 30 and 80 weight percent, preferably between 50 and 70 weight percent. In comparison with crystallized L-lysine, they are clearly more stable and in equimolar amounts show the same L-lysine activity as the known forms presently offered.

Abstract: Disclosed are high meat content jerky-type pet treats and their methods of preparation. The present pet jerky treats provide product quality attributes of conventionally prepared jerky treats but with substantial cost savings. The present method involves a multi-step extrusion cooking process of major amounts involving aqueous dispersions of animal meats, soy meal, farinacious material, and minor amounts of salts, humectants, and flavorants.

Abstract: Egg shell quality, egg shell thickness or egg specific gravity are improved, and/or the number of shell-less eggs reduced, when laying poultry is fed a diet comprising a zeolite such as zeolite A and a reduced chloride content. The chloride content of the diet can be below the level previously considered required. Thus, for chickens, both layers and broiler breeders, the chloride content can be below 0.15 percent. The level of zeolite A can be from about 0.25 to about 4.0 weight percent, more preferably from 0.75 to about 1.5 weight percent.

Abstract: A hydrolyzed feather product, feather-lysate, is disclosed. The product comprises partially hydrolyzed feather, proteins cleaved from the partially hydrolyzed feather, peptides cleaved from the partially hydrolyzed feather, and Bacillus licheniformis cells. Preferably, the B. licheniformis cells are killed. Feather-lysate may be combined with a carbohydrate source to form an animal feed.

Abstract: A chewy, semi-plastic, non-extruded, non-porous, microbiologically-stable dog food which includes: 12 to about 30 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the dog food, of gelatin; at least one acidulant; at least one cereal starch-containing textural agent; at least one release agent; at least one taste agent; at least one sugar; salt; and added water. The dog food is in a molded form. The dog food has a pH of about 3 to 5, and has a moisture content of about 10 to about 25 weight percent, based upon the weight of the dog food. The process for preparing the dog food includes: (a) mixing the dry components and liquid components with low speed agitation and continuing the mixing until a dough is obtained; (b) forming the dough by molding or rotary molding into molded snack or biscuit; (c) conditioning the molded dough at 185.degree. to 200.degree. F. for about 7 to 8 minutes; and (d) packaging the molded dog snack or biscuit in a protective package.