Abstract: A method for pre-baking treatment of a chunk of frozen bread dough includes placing the chunk of frozen bread dough in a container and keeping an inner temperature of the container in a range of 17° C. to 40° C. and relative humidity in the container in a range of 50% to 75% to thaw and proof the chunk of frozen bread dough continuously. The inner temperature of the container is lowered to a range of −20° C. to 15° C. at a lowering rate of at least 0.2° C./min after proofing the bread dough. A temperature difference between a dew point of air inside the container and a surface temperature of the bread dough is controlled to be within 20° C. during the lowering step. The bread dough is taken out from the container, shaped, and finally proofed in a proofer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a procedure for preparing a feed additive, in which a brewing yeast raw material containing oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharides is filtered and treated hydrolytically so that the cell wall structure is opened.

Abstract: A method for pre-baking treatment of shaped and frozen bread dough includes placing the shaped and frozen bread dough in a container and raising an inner temperature of the container to a range of 17° C. to 40° C. at a raising rate of 0.1° C./min to 2° C./min to thaw and finally proof the shaped and frozen bread dough continuously. The inner temperature of the container is lowered to a range of −20° C. to 15° C. at a lowering rate of 0.2° C./min to 0.7° C./min after finally proofing the shaped and frozen bread dough. A temperature difference between a dew point of air inside the container and a surface temperature of the bread dough is controlled to be within 20° C. during the raising and lowering steps.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for stabilizing the flavor of a fermented malt beverage, most particularly a beer, by the addition of one or more inhibitors, blockers, reducing agents or binding agents that inactivate one or more Maillard reaction intermediates that induce staling of the flavor of fermented malt beverages. In preferred such methods, the agents used are reductase enzymes, especially aldehyde reductases, carbonyl reductases, aldose reductases, oxoaldehyde reductases and most particularly oxidoreductases produced by yeasts such as isozymes of Old Yellow Enzyme (e.g., OYE1, OYE2 and OYE3). The invention is also directed to the fermented malt beverage prepared by such a method, and to the use during the brewing process of reductase enzymes from naturally occurring sources, including those produced by yeasts, to stabilize the flavor of the resulting beer product and to produce a beer having a stable flavor.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of baker's yeast having both freezing tolerance and drying tolerance, which comprises drying pressed raw yeast suitable to baking from frozen dough, and screening it for instant dry yeast not interfering with its aptitude for frozen dough. Using the instant dry yeast, prepared is an instant-type, dry yeast composition of which the yeast activity is lowered little in the baking process from frozen dough that comprises freezing and storing dough and thawing the frozen dough. When the dry yeast is mixed with side materials in preparing dough and the dough is frozen and stored for a certain period of time and thereafter thawed, it still maintains its good baking capabilities. The dry yeast has the significant advantage of maintaining its original baking capabilities even in frozen and thawed dough. In particular, strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae P-572, FERM BP-6148.

Abstract: The yeast, Saccharomyces boulardii, has been used to invent a non-toxic selenium-germanium yeast product. Culture growth conditions can influence the biosorbent selenium and germanium uptake capacity. The invention involves assimilation of selenium and germanium by the yeast under optimal conditions of incubation time, biomass concentration, reaction pH, reaction medium, and feed rate. This yeast can assimilate higher intracellular selenium and germanium by either a one-step continuous feed-batch fermentation or a two-step continuous and semi-continuous feed-batch fermentation. The invention additionally involves the novel germanium and selenium-containing yeast.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for using a waste product which remains when various types of algae (such as Crypthecodinium cohnii) or non-yeast fungi (such as Mortierella alpina) are used to manufacture essential fatty acids. This waste product is a biomass which includes the cell carcasses that remain after one or more essential fatty acids (such as docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) have been extracted from lysed (ruptured) cells. In one preferred embodiment which forms a biscuit-type treat for dogs or cats, algal biomass is mixed with a combination of brewer's yeast, a grain product such as whole wheat, and burnt residues that collect on the interior walls of drying vessels used for spray-drying of yeast extracts. These ingredients are mixed with water to form a dough-like substance, which is made into a desired shape for a dog, cat, or other pet treat. The dough is then cooked to form a pleasant-smelling biscuit-type treat which dogs and cats find highly appealing.

Abstract: A composition for use as a dietary supplement for promoting gastrointestinal health including effective amounts of a dried bacteria, a dried, non-viable yeast and protein. The dried bacteria may be Lactobacillus acidophilus, and may comprise from about 0.1% to about 10% of the total mass of the composition. The yeast may be Brewer's or Baker's yeast, and may comprise from about 2.5% to about 20% of the total mass. The protein may be whey or soy protein concentrates, and may comprise from about 25% to about 98% of the total mass.

Abstract: A physiologically functional food having brain function-improving, learning ability-enhancing and memory-enhancing functions, which comprises as an active ingredient a lactic acid bacterium fermented milk, a lactic acid bacterium and yeast co-fermented milk, or a treated product thereof, or a mixture thereof, optionally also including a pharmaceutically or nutritionally acceptable carrier or diluent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a coloring agent comprising glucan-containing yeast cell ghosts which comprise a proportion of substantially intact yeast cell walls and at least one color source. The color source is selected to give the desired color in the coloring agent and in any product in which the coloring agent is used and may be any dye or pigment. For uses such as in foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, the coloring agents must be acceptable for food and/or pharmaceutical use.

Abstract: A process for preparing a dough or a baked product comprises adding an amylase to the dough in an amount which is effective to retard the staling of the bread. The amylase is an exo-amylase which hydrolyzes starch to form mainly mal-totriose.

Abstract: A formulation for making a yeast-raised baked good having an extended shelf life is provided. The ingredients that contribute to the shelf life extension of the product are hard and soft wheat flours, dextrose, soybean oil, nonfat dry milk or milk replacement, fermented flavor, a gum blend, vital wheat gluten, distilled monoglycerides, an enzyme blend, konjac flour, and methylcellulose.

Abstract: The present invention solves the need for non-toxic forms of bioactive chromium which is an essential part of the human diet. This invention provides novel dried-yeast products containing chromium as well as a method of producing the dried yeast products. The method uses organochromium complexes comprised of trivalent chromium, nicotinate, and glycine having high Glucose Tolerance Factor chromium activity. The invention also provides nutritional supplements containing the novel chromium-containing dried-yeast products and methods of administering these products and supplements to increase glucose uptake and insulin binding.

Abstract: A process for immobilizing viable cells in gelled carrageenan beads comprises preparing an aqueous phase that is a mixture of a gellable concentration of un-gelled carrageenan, in an aqueous suspension of viable cells, in which the mixture's potassium concentration is low enough that the thermogellation temperature of the carrageenan in the suspension is below a temperature to which the viable cells are substantially thermosensitive. This is done at a first processing temperature that exceeds the thermogellation temperature of the carrageenan in that aqueous suspension, but which is below the temperature to which the cells are substantially thermosensitive. A mixture of the aqueous phase and a non-reactive food-grade oil phase is then prepared, and subjected to shear by passing it through a static mixer under flow-rate conditions selected to disperse the aqueous phase in the oil phase, such that a resulting emulsion has a selected droplet size distribution.

Abstract: A composition and a process for enhancing animal growth by orally administering the animal with the composition are provided. The composition comprises an animal feed and a yeast glucan wherein the animal feed can contain at least one starch-bearing substance such as, for example, grain meal; at least one protein-bearing substance such as, for example, fish meal; a fat-containing substance such as, for example, soybean oil; and the yeast glucan can be obtained from a yeast such as, for example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract: The staling of leavened baked products such as bread is retarded by adding an enzyme with exoamylase activity to the flour or dough used for producing the baked product in question.

Abstract: A strain of bread-mixing yeast for use in obtaining fresh bread-making yeasts: giving at least 100 ml in 2 hours at 30° C. in test A1, preferably at least 110 ml., more preferably at least 150 ml; complying with the following ratio: release ⁢   ⁢ of ⁢   ⁢ CO 2 ⁢   ⁢ in ⁢   ⁢ 48 ⁢   ⁢ hours ⁢   ⁢ at ⁢   ⁢ 8 ⁢ ° ⁢   ⁢   ⁢ C .

Abstract: A method of bioconversion of organic industrial or agricultural cellulose containing wastes into proteinaceous product. The method comprises comminution of the wastes with moistening and addition of a starting culture inducing their biological degradation and conversion into simple carbohydrates. The carbohydrates are fermented into digestible products. The starting culture comprises cleaving enzymes produced by edible microorganisms such as fungus and bacteria selected from the group consisting of Ilumicola grisea, Trichoderma harzanum, Ruminococcus albus.

Abstract: The present invention includes a novel yeast strain of the genus Saccharomyces boulardii sequela PY31 ATCC 74366 that is able to process certain metallic compounds into biologically active forms suitable for supplementing the human diet. The present invention also includes methods for isolating such yeast, nutritional supplement compositions containing such yeast, and methods of administering the nutritional supplement compositions to humans.

Abstract: Compositions useful in the treatment of dietary disorders, and as dietary additives to provide a source of fiber and of short chain fatty acids, to reduce the level of serum cholesterol, increase HDL cholesterol levels and as bulking agents in humans and animals, as well as methods of use therefor are described. The compositions and methods are based on whole .beta.-glucans.

Abstract: A food preparation method for teething rusks (200) includes the steps of mixing flour (10), yeast (11) and water (12) in a mixer (13) to form a "well-developed" dough (100). The dough (100) passes through a kneading machine (14) sheeting machine (15) and is allowed to "rest" on a resting conveyor (16). A cutting machine (17) cuts the dough (100) into strips (101) and the fingers of dough (102), the fingers (102) being proved in a prover (18) before being at least partially baked in an oven (19). The baked rusks (200) are conditioned under controlled heat and humidity conditions in a conditioner (20) before being allowed to cool in the packing room (21) and packed in packaging machine (22) for distribution and sale.

Abstract: Deep-frozen, unfermented raw dough pieces which can be directly baked into croissants and other similar bakery products without thawing or intermediate fermenting include a plurality of fat layers and a plurality of layers of yeast dough, the number of fat layers being greater than 50.

Abstract: A baked pizza crust is provided having a water activity in the range of about 0.6-0.85, the baked crust being suitable for use in a refrigerated, ready-to-eat pizza kit. Also provided is a kit for preparing ready-to-eat pizza, the kit including pizza crust, pizza sauce and one or a plurality of pizza toppings which are hermetically sealed from the external atmosphere in a package having a base tray and a top fitted and sealed to said base tray. Preferably, each food item is in a separate compartment sealed from the other food items to substantially retard or prevent flavor, moisture and microbial migration from one food item to another.

Abstract: A process for making bread characterized in that a yeast of the genus Saccharomyces which exhibits cold-sensitive fermentation is added to a dough.

Abstract: A canning method for bread, includes a stepwise procedure for producing a dough and baking a finished bread within a standard food can while enabling the bread to be stored for very long periods without spoiling or becoming inedible. The method includes sterilizing steps and means for easy removal of the bread from the can. A paper wrapper enables the bread to be maintained uniformly moist.

Abstract: A refrigerated dough system is provided which includes a dough in a container flushed with a gas. The dough contains a leavening agent capable of generating gas in the dough after the dough is sealed in the container. The container is provided with a pressure release mechanism to release excess pressure generated within the container as the dough leavens and during storage. The dough system is capable of sustaining a leavened dough structure during storage so that upon baking the dough, the resulting baked product resembles a freshly prepared and baked dough.

Abstract: Compositions useful in the treatment of dietary disorders, and as dietary additives to provide a source of fiber and of short chain fatty acids, to reduce the level of serum cholesterol and as bulking agents in humans and animals, as well as methods of use therefor are described. The compositions and methods are based on whole .beta.-glucans.

Abstract: A food product which in one embodiment comprises a ring or cylinder of bagel dough or pizza dough wrapped around an exposed cream cheese center, and a process for producing the product wherein cream cheese wrapped in dough is sliced into bite-size pieces to form a raw composite product, followed by proofing and/or retarding, steaming, optionally freezing, and baking. The bite-sized product provides enjoyment of the distinctive golden-brown crust and chewey bagel dough crumb and also the fresh cream cheese taste, with no inconvenience of having to cut a bagel or separately store and spread cream cheese. The product is simple and economical to produce and convenient to consume.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for transforming the clumped untextured putty-like and high viscoelastic adhesion physical and chemical properties of hydrated vital wheat gluten into a loose layered minimally adhering serated permanently textured fiber strand structure by mixing vital wheat gluten with grain flour and hydrating the mixture, and then appropriately appropriate shredding, steaming and hot moisture denaturation of the fiber protein, enabling the creation of moisture-absorbed textured wheat gluten analogs for ground meat fiber products, such as hamburger and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for making bread, specifically, a process which involves the storage of dough under freezing and then under refrigeration or the storage of dough under refrigeration and then under freezing, and further relates to a freezing and refrigeration resistant yeast to be used in the process.

Abstract: Introduction of futile cycles in the glycolytic pathway of yeast strains enables enhanced gas production and ethanol production under stress conditions, e.g. in a sugar-rich dough having a sugar content of higher than 3% weight percentage based on flour, e.g. 20%, or at high ethanol concentration in an industrial ethanol production process.

Abstract: A feed and a method for relieving stress of livestock and poultry are provided. The feed for relieving stress containing yeast rich in glutathione or a mixture of glutathione and yeast is prepared and is fed to livestock and poultry to relieve their stress.

Abstract: A substantially shelf-stable refrigerated yeast-raised pizza dough product comprises high-protein-content flour, water, at least one polyvalent fatty acid ester, and active yeast. The quantity of polyvalent fatty acid ester in the dough product is chosen to increase the period of time in which the dough product can be held at refrigerated temperatures substantially without diminishing sensory, rheological or other functional characteristics. A method of making a pizza dough product, a method of making a pizza, a method of making a pizza dough product from a pizza dough pre-mix, a plurality of dough balls, a pizza dough pre-mix, and a pizza itself provide similar advantages.

Abstract: Flavored yeast extracts are prepared by incorporating one or more hydrolysates of fruit, vegetable, herb, spice, fungus or mixtures thereof in a yeast autolysis process.

Abstract: The present invention provides refrigeratable yeast-leavened dough compositions and methods of making such doughs. In a first embodiment, a dough composition of the invention is made by rehydrating dried yeast at chilled temperatures, which causes selective lysing (a loss in the selectivity of the yeast plasma membrane). Such a dough composition exhibits a cold sensitivity in that the yeast is capable of leavening the dough at elevated temperatures, but becomes inactive at refrigeration temperatures. In another embodiment, the dough composition and the strain of yeast used therein are chosen to limit the total leavening action of the yeast by controlling the amount of substrate in the dough fermentable by the yeast. In a third embodiment, a dough comprises a mixture of flour, water and a mutant yeast which is low temperature sensitive. Such an "lts" yeast is active at elevated temperatures, but becomes substantially inactive at refrigeration temperatures.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of baker's yeast which comprises the fermentation of a baker's yeast strain using a non-molasses carbon source until a fermentation broth having at least 10%, preferably at least 13%, more preferably at least 16% of dry solids content is formed, which can be used directly as a cream yeast without concentration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to use of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in the preparation of doughs for baked products, e.g. bread doughs. In particular, the invention provides a process for the preparation of a dough for a baked product which includes incorporating into the dough cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in an amount to increase the volume of the baked product.

Abstract: A baby formula is provided having enzymes added to imitate the effect of those present in normal breast milk, aiding digestion of protein, carbohydrate (simple and complex sugars), and lipid. The enzymes are either of procaryotic or eucaryotic origin, isolated from fermentation broth or tissue, or expressed from recombinant gene sequences. The enzymes are provided in a form for addition to the formula prior to feeding the infant or at the time of feeding. In the preferred form, the enzymes are provided in a form that is stable to storage in the formula, but active when the formula reaches the portion of the gastrointestinal tract where the formula would normally be digested. In the most preferred embodiment, the enzymes are provided in a matrix with an enteric coating that releases the enzyme in the upper portion of the intestine. Depending on the formulation, proteases, carbohydrate degrading enzymes such as alpha-amylase, lactase, fructase, and sucrase, or lipases, are added to the formulation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition for feed use containing a mixture of lyophilized live bacteria comprising at least two species of bacteria selected from Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium bifidum and at least two species of bacteria selected from Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum and Streptococcus faecium and one or more oligosaccharides.

Abstract: The present invention provides Phaffia rhodozyma strains having increased levels of astaxantin and a low percentage of 3-hydroxy-3',4'-didehydro-.beta.,.psi.-caroten-4-one (HDCO). Such strains are obtained by a combination of mutagenesis and selection. The invention further provides a method for obtaining such strains. The invention also provides astaxanthin obtained from a mutagenized strain of Phaffia rhodozyma characterized in that it contains a decreased relative amount of HDCO.

Abstract: A process for immobilizing viable cells in gelled carrageenan beads comprises preparing an aqueous phase that is a mixture of a gellable concentration of un-gelled carrageenan, in an aqueous suspension of viable cells, in which the mixture's potassium concentration is low enough that the thermogellation temperature of the carrageenan in the suspension is below a temperature to which the viable cells are substantially thermosensitive. This is done at a first processing temperature that exceeds the thermogellation temperature of the carrageenan in that aqueous suspension, but which is below the temperature to which the cells are substantially thermosensitive. A mixture of the aqueous phase and a non-reactive food-grade oil phase is then prepared, and subjected to shear by passing it through a static mixer under flow-rate conditions selected to disperse the aqueous phase in the oil phase, such that a resulting emulsion has a selected droplet size distribution.

Abstract: A biomass which can be used directly as panification ferment without previous separation of the culture medium and the biomass and without addition of industrial yeast is prepared by cultivating at least one strain of yeast in a culture medium specified in the description. Preferably, the said ferment comprises as yeast the strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae steineri DSM 9211.

Abstract: A biomass constituted of yeast and of lactic acid bacteria, which can be used directly as panification ferment without previous separation of the culture medium and the biomass, is prepared by cocultivating at least one strain of yeast and at least one strain of lactic acid bacteria in a mixed and/or sequential culture, in a culture medium specified in the description. Preferably, the said ferment comprises as yeast the strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae steineri DSM 9211 and as lactic acid bacteria one or several strains of Lactobacillus brevis DSM 9209, Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9208, Leuconostoc mesenteroides DSM 9207 and/or Pediococcus pentosaceus DSM 9210.

Abstract: A completely formulated, ready to cook, food product mix is discussed which is entirely in the glassy state and has a single glass transition temperature. An extrusion process for preparing the product is also discussed.

Abstract: Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are substantially inactive at refrigeration temperatures of 3.degree. C. to 9.degree.-10.degree. C. and recover their activity at temperatures of 13.degree.-14.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for making a bread dough that remains unfrozen at a temperature as low as 0 degrees Fahrenheit and that has a specific volume and flavor, when baked after storage at freezing temperatures, that is substantially the same as bread baked from a nonfrozen dough not subjected to storage. The present invention also includes a pre-proofed, uncooked dough that is provided with improved storage stability.

Abstract: A packing paper for baker's yeast, which is constituted by laminating, on one side of a base paper, at least a printing layer and a wax layer in this order and which has a carbon dioxide permeability of 400-2,000 cm.sup.3 /m.sup.2 .multidot.24 h.multidot.atm., an oxygen permeability of 100-600 cm.sup.3 /m.sup.2 .multidot.24 h.multidot.atm. and a moisture permeability of 50 g/m.sup.2 .multidot.24 h or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is a yeast strain belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, having a freeze resistance and having an invertase activity of not less than a value corresponding to a minimum level of sucrose decomposing ability effective for utilizing sucrose for fermentation, but of not more than 200 U/g, in terms of the value of activity as measured with respect to the yeast in a state of non-freeze compressed yeast having a water content of 67% by weight and a solids content of 33% by weight. The baker's yeast of the present invention has not only freeze resistance but also high resistance to a super high sugar content dough.

Abstract: A process of making a filled bagel dough product and the product formed thereby. The product has the outward appearance of a conventional bagel, but has a core filling such as a natural or imitation cream cheese provided within the bagel dough shell. More particularly, a method and device by which a conventional bagel making apparatus as found in most bagel shops can be adapted to making filled, rolled bagel dough products. The invention further concerns a bagel which, in addition to being improved in flavor and texture, can be produced with much less baking time than a conventional solid bagel.

Abstract: A method of preparing potassium bromate replacer comprising an ascorbic acid composition in an effective amount to replace an oxidizing agent of potassium bromate is disclosed. The potassium bromate replacer essentially comprises ascorbic acid, food acid, and/or phosphate. It is a slow acting oxidant that is functional throughout the entire manufacturing process. It is also an effective oxidant that produces properly oxidized dough needed in the production of high quality, yeast-leavened products using various methods of the breadmaking process.