Abstract: The improvement in the method of controlling the restricted puffing of moist, puffable food products, usually proteinaceous, so as to avoid the significant rupturing or disruptive puffing characteristics associated with so-called explosion-puffed extrudates. That improvement involves, for example, deliberately including in a water-moistened, viscous proteinaceous mass during its passage through and from the confines of an elongated, open-ended die, a relatively small amount of occluded air mixed therewith in controlled quantity so that puffing or, more specifically, balloon-puffing, is accomplished without requiring substantial or significant boiling of water in the mass. This results from controllably utilizing the partial pressure of the vaporized water combined with the partial pressure of the controlled amount of air contained in the advancing mass.

Abstract: Wet spun proteinaceous filaments are prepared from pulverized, functional defatted leguminous materials having a protein content of about 45 to about 55 percent, by forming an aqueous slurry thereof to extract proteins and carbohydrates, precipitating the protein onto and into the insoluble portion of the leguminous material, separating the solids from the liquid portion of the slurry, forming an aqueous alkaline spinning dope with the separated solids and forcing the spinning dope through a spinneret into an acid and salt coagulating bath to form proteinaceous filaments.

Abstract: A shaped protein food product comprising edible textured protein particles bound together by heat-set 7S soybean protein isolate.

Abstract: A semi-unitary protein product consisting essentially of a bundle of intermittently fused parallel protein fibers which closely resembles the fibrous structure of natural meat can be prepared by heating a protein-water mixture to form an extrudable plastic mass and then extruding the mass under pressure through a spinneret having a plurality of closely-spaced orifices therein directly into a gaseous medium to yield the desired product.

Abstract: A meat extender is derived from wheat kernels and is added to meats such as beef, pork, lamb, fowl and fish to increase the supply thereof. The kernels are boiled and dried to a moisture content of about 20%. The dried kernels are subjected to kneading and grinding operations which develop the gluten structure and cause the material to have a meat-like texture. The material is then dried to about a sixteen per cent moisture content and suitable meat flavors and nutritional supplements are added to produce a food product which closely resembles ground meat in appearance, taste, texture and nutritional value.

Abstract: A process for preparing a soy-based meat substitute characterized by relatively flat, elongated, generally longitudinally aligned fibrous masses having the appearance of stacked platelets which simulate the compactness, chewiness and texture of meat; achieved by extrusion of a soy protein-containing source material at higher moisture content and lower temperature (as contrasted to prior art), minimizing expansion with reduction of pressure in the extruder in a somewhat stepwise fashion by modifying the extruder so as to allow more shearing action and to allow space for alignment of fibrous masses.

Abstract: There is disclosed a pet food containing a significant proportion of synthetic cheese or meat chunks which are formed from cereal products. The pet food is a canned product and the cereal chunks are stabilized against disintegration and agglomeration during retorting in the canning process by the incorporation of a minor amount of glycerol monostearate in the cereal chunks. The cereal chunks are prepared by mixing a hard or red wheat flour or farina with a minor amount of the glycerol monostearate, a minor amount of fat, a trace to minor amount of a flavoring agent, such as cheese, natural cheese flavor, fish or meat products, and trace to minor amounts of a coloring agent. The mixture is blended with sufficient water to form a moldable mixture which is extruded and chopped or pelleted into molded chunks that can be added directly to the pet food during its manufacture or that can be dried to a storage stable product for subsequent addition to a pet food.

Abstract: Single-cell protein is combined with plant protein and/or animal protein and texturized to produce analogs which can be used as extenders or replacers for meat, poultry and fish in food products.

Abstract: A protein food product comprising a mixture of edible protein fibers, and a stabilized fat consisting of 85-95% by weight edible triglyceride and 5-15% by weight ethyl cellulose.