Abstract: The present invention is drawn to feed compositions including purslane leaves harvested at bloom. The present invention is further drawn to methods of reducing serum cholesterol and triglycerides with the present feed compositions of purslane leaves, as well as methods of preventing and treating coronary heart disease with the feed compositions.

Abstract: A dry cow feed product is disclosed in which carriers such as corn, barley, wheat and others may be combined with anionic salts, plus other minerals and nutrients, in a granularization process to provide a palatable feed product that is advantageous especially to dairy cows during the dry period.

Abstract: Hard, stable, extruded animal feed nuggets are prepared for ruminants, the nuggets comprising between about 90 to 99 wt % of at least one protein-containing ingredient and between about 1.0 to 6.0 wt % of added fat. Preferably, the animal feed nugget is also comprised of between about 0.02 and 5.0 wt % of sulfur. The animal feed nugget of this invention is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:A. plasticizing a blend of at least one protein-containing ingredient, added fat, sulfur, if present, and water in an extruder,B. extruding the plasticized blend to form an animal feed nugget, andC. drying the extruded nugget to a water content of less than about 12 wt %, based on the total weight of the nugget.Animal feed nuggets prepared by this method function as a rumen escape composition in that they permit the release of beneficial nutrients in the abomasum or subsequent digestive tract.

Abstract: A granular additive composition for ruminant feed which stably protects a biologically active substance in the rumen of the ruminant and allows it to be effectively digested and absorbed in the digestive organs after the abomasum.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of repartitioning nutrients in ruminants. Serum concentrations of serum insulin, serum urea nitrogen, serum glucose, and serum growth hormone in ruminants were varied by feeding specific protein supplements and an otherwise negative energy diet. Improvement in body condition and body weight was concomitant with reduced milk production and calf weight.

Abstract: A feedstock and a method of utility are provided for increasing the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the tissues and milk of ruminants. A preferred feedstock is composed of a fodder substrate which is blended with an unsaturated aliphatic amide ingredient such as soyamide. The unsaturated aliphatic amide is biohydrogenation-resistant, and bypasses the rumen substantially intact. The aliphatic amide is converted to free fatty acid in the digestive tract, and subsequently is absorbed in the tissues and milk of the ruminant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high density bale of shredded pulp. The bale contains pulp and additive which are compressed while dry to obtain a bale of 40-65 lb/ft.sup.3 density. Twine or straps secure the bale. Animal feed bales of this invention contain low additive concentrations and low or no sugar content.

Abstract: There is disclosed a stable animal feed supplement suspension which is prepared by forming a stable liquid gel in concentrated food industry by-products such as by-products of the dairy industry, such as whey permeates, delactosed whey, and by-products of the fermentation industry, such as whey and corn sweet water. These by-products have not been used with any significant success in animal feed supplements, despite their low cost and disposal problems. A major disadvantage is their limited solubility, and the resultant instability of concentrates of the by-products. The invention comprises the treatment of the protein-rich by-products with a mild enzymatic treatment which stabilizes the by-products against protein gelation, and the thermal, and/or enzymatic treatment of the lactose-rich by-products to avoid separation of the lactose from concentrates.

Abstract: The invention relates to an osteoblast growth and bone enhancing factor or factors having a molecular weight of about 5,000 to 28,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of 4 to 9, which is isolated from whey or whey protein. The invention includes various methods for obtaining the factor or factors from whey and whey protein. The factor or factors from whey and whey protein may be incorporated in foods, medicines and feeds for preventing or treating osteoporosis and other maladies in joints of bones.

Abstract: Anthraquinone compounds inhibit methane production by methanogenic bacteria in the rumen of ruminant animals, increasing production of volatile fatty acids and feed utilization efficiency. Preferred anthraquinones are unsubstituted anthraquinone, 1-aminoanthraquinone, 1-chloroanthraquinone, 2-chloroanthraquinone, 2-chloro-3-carboxyanthraquinone, 1-hydroxyanthraquinone, and 9,10-dihydroanthraquinone.

Abstract: In a process for the selection and isolation of predacious fungi for use in the biological control of parasitic nematodes in animals, compost and soil samples are subjected to a multi-step process consisting of 1) a primary stress selection step done in vitro; 2) a secondary stress selection step done in vivo, wherein the fungi which survived the in vitro stress selection step, are selected on the basis of their ability to pass through living animals and 3) isolation of the predacious fungi passing both selection steps and exhibiting a predacious capacity of at least 50% by dung pat assay. These fungi can than be subject to an optional field test experiment. The selected predacious fungi can be administered to the animals as a feed additive or in the form of a device, such as a lick stone or bolus. The selected fungi can also be used in a composition for veterinary treatment.

Abstract: There is disclosed a solid animal feed supplement which is prepared in concentrated food industry by-products such as by-products of the dairy industry, such as whey permeates, delactosed whey, and by-products of the fermentation industry, such as whey and corn sweet water. The invention comprises the treatment of the protein-rich by-products with a mild enzymatic treatment which stabilizes the by-products against protein gelation, and the thermal, and/or enzymatic treatment of the lactose-rich by-products to avoid separation of the lactose from concentrates. The by-products can then be concentrated to high solids content, in excess of 50 weight percent, and the resultant concentrates can be treated with gelation agents, preferably phosphoric acid and lime to solidify the by-product. Feed nutrients such as fats, urea, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, etc., or drugs such as monisan, can be added before solidification forming useful solid animal feed supplements.

Abstract: A method of increasing the nutritional value of mycotoxin-contaminated animal feed ingested by an animal by feeding the animal an acid-activated montmorillonite clay simultaneously with the mycotoxin-contaminated or ergot-contaminated animal feed. The acid-activated montmorillonite clay can be fed to the animal in any form, e.g., granular, powder, pellets and the like or can be admixed with other animal food or feed supplements, so long as the clay is present in the animal's stomach (digestive tract) at the same time as the mycotoxin-contaminated animal feed in an amount sufficient to absorb or adsorb mycotoxin from the digestive tract of the animal and thereby aid the animal in metabolic absorption of nutrients from the contaminated animal feed.

Abstract: A chemical enhancer for ruminant animal digestion of organic matter roughage is presented, the addition on a ppm based of total feed ration of one or more formate salts to the ruminant diet improves or enhances the digestibility of low digestible roughage allowing the treated roughage as a substitute for more traditional and expensive feed rations such as alfalfa hay without loss of energy available to the animal. The use of formate salts in the ppm range based on total diet increases the anaerobic microbial activity thus enhancing digestibility rather than just enhancing the availability of dissolved organics and can be utilized in feedlot roughage rations for improved weight gain, range cattle weight maintenance and milk production for mother cows, dairy roughage diets providing milk production in a safe and an environmentally friendly methodology to both meat and milk production.

Abstract: Disclosed is the feed or feed additive granular agent containing a phisiologically active substance and a coating layer having a laminar structure in which the tabular crystals are arranged in a laminated state. The coating layer comprises (a) one or more substances selected from the group consisting of a specific fatty acid or ester thereof, a specific animal or vegetable fat and fatty oil which may be hardened by hydrogenation, and a specific wax, and (b) tabular crystals of a substance which is sparingly water-soluble under a neutral condition but is readily water-soluble under an acidic condition and which has an average particle size of 5 to 30 .mu.m, wherein said coating layer is present in a coating ratio of 5% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less, wherein said first coating material and said second coating material are in a proportion of 3:2 to 1:3 by weight, and process for producing the same.

Abstract: Disclosed is the feed or feed additive granular agent containing a physiologically active substance and a coating layer having a laminar structure in which the tabular crystals are arranged in a laminated state. The coating layer comprises (a) one or more substances selected from the group consisting of a specific fatty acid or ester thereof, a specific animal or vegetable fat and fatty oil which may be hardened by hydrogenation, and a specific wax, and (b) tabular crystals of a substance which is sparingly water-soluble under a neutral condition but is readily water-soluble under an acidic condition and which has an average particle size of 5 to 30 .mu.m, wherein said coating layer is present in a coating ratio of 5% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less, wherein said first coating material and said second coating material are in a proportion of 3:2 to 1:3 by weight, and process for producing the same.

Abstract: Disclosed are water-insoluble, calcium or magnesium salts of alpha amino acids and a process for their preparation. The process comprises the steps of reacting an alpha-amino-protected alkyl ester of an amino acid with a metal base, thereby forming a water-soluble amino acid salt, followed by reacting the water-soluble salt with either a calcium or magnesium salt, resulting in the formation of a water-insoluble salt of the amino acid. The water-insoluble salts can be used as feed supplements for ruminant animals and to supplement food products for human consumption.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound for poultry feeds characterized by making it possible to increase the content of a highly unsaturated fatty acid in the yolk of eggs laid, decrease the percentage of breakage of eggs laid and extend the egg-laying period, and containing a long-chain unsaturated fatty acid calcium salt having carbon atoms of more than 18 alone, or said long-chain unsaturated fatty acid calcium salt together with a molasses, a browning material formed by heating saccharide, a browning material formed by heating saccharide and amino acids and the like as effective ingredients, and a method for feeding poultry characterized by compounding said compound with a poultry feed, and feeding the resultant feed to poultry.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of use, and a composition, of a carbohydrase and/or a protease for the manufacture of an agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of coccidiosis. The agent can be in the form of a cereal-based animal feed. The carbohydrase may be a polysaccharidase such as a xylanase or a cellulase e.g., .beta.-glucanase. The agent may include conventional non-enzymic anticoccidial agents.

Abstract: Method for the preparation of premixes for zootechnic and veterinary use, suitable for uniform distribution in feeds, consisting in coating the granule cores made of feed-grade organic material with a layer made of water-soluble materials, with an active ingredient being incorporated therein or firmly fixed thereto, the formation of said layer being obtained by mixing the ingredients fed in an appropriate order, in a mixer for powders, in the presence of an antitacking agent.

Abstract: An improved feed block provides discrete portions of mineral supplement and feed supplement in the same feed block. The mineral supplement is provided as an inner package that is surrounded by a shell of feed supplement such as a dehydrated molasses feed supplement. By so providing the two different supplements, the amount of consumption of each can be accurately controlled. Moreover, different feed blocks can be tailored depending on the desired ratio between the two different supplements.

Abstract: A nutrient or medicinal composition for administration to ruminants, which comprises one or more biologically active substances coated with a composition comprising a chitosan salt and at least one fat.

Abstract: A protein hydrolyzate is produced from mucosa tissue of pigs, cattle or sheep by providing an aqueous mixture of the tissue, hydrolyzing the tissue with a proteolytic enzyme at a salt concentration of less than 0.1 molar to produce a digest solution containing a protein hydrolyzate and polyanions including heparin, adsorbing the polyanions on an anion exchange resin, recovering the anion exchange resin containing adsorbed polyanions to provide a digest solution containing less than 2.9 u/ml residual heparin and recovering the protein hydrolyzate from the digest solution by screening or dehydration. The protein hydrolyzate contains less than 15% ash, between 9.5 and 11.5% total Kjeldahl nitrogen and between 5.0 and 7.0% alpha amino nitrogen. The protein hydrolyzate may be used in nutritional formulations such as to promote weight gain in newly weaned livestock and in medical formulations such as peritoneal dialysis fluids and formulations for use in enteral and parenteral mutrition.

Abstract: A method of pigmenting certain parts and products of poultry, fish and crustacea by including in the feed of the pertinent animal one or more of the carotenoids 2'-dehydroplectaniaxanthin, desmethylspheroidenone, spheroidenone, 1-hydroxy-3,4-didehydro-1,2-dihydro-.psi.,.psi.-caroten-2-one, 5'-hydroxy-5',6'-dihydro-4'-apo-.beta.-caroten-6'-one, 1'-hydroxy-3',4'-didehydro-1',2'-dihydro-.beta.,.psi.-carotene-4,2'-dione and 5'-hydroxy-5',6'-dihydro-4'-apo-.beta.-carotene-4,6'-dione, poultry, fish and crustacea feeds for pigmenting certains parts and products of these animals, beadlets and premixes for adding to poultry, fish and crustacea feeds, and the carotenoids 1-hydroxy-3,4-didehydro-1,2-dihydro-.psi.,.psi.-caroten-2-one, 5'-hydroxy-5',6'-dihydro-4'-apo-.beta.-caroten-6'-one, 1'-hydroxy-3',4'-didehydro-1',2'-dihydro-.beta.,.psi.-carotene-4,2'-dione and 5'-hydroxy-5',6'-dihydro-4'-apo-.beta.-carotene-4,6'-dione.

Abstract: A formaldehyde-treated animal feedstuff which is resistant to contamination by pathogenic bacteria is obtained by spraying an aqueous solution containing 10-50 wt. % formaldehyde on an animal feed, to obtain 200-1000 g/ton of a hydrolyzable formaldehyde adduct with a coefficient of variation 7% or less. Methods of reducing disease in animals, reducing doses of antimicrobial drugs in animal feed, and reducing drug residues in meat products are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of encapsulating digestible micronutrients or other additives within coatings which are indigestible by other than mechanical means, and the encapsulated additives. The invention includes a method for coating digestible micronutrients with indigestible polymers which can be mechanically broken down within the gizzards of avian species where the digestible micronutrients may be absorbed. The encapsulated additives are stabilized against degradation under harsh conditions within silos, and can be added directly to ensiled vegetable matter without chemical degradation of the encapsulated additive.

Abstract: A feed composition containing fumaric acid or a salt thereof, a concentrate feed and, if necessary, a roughage is fed to ruminants. The ratio of the concentrate to the roughage is about 90-10/10-90 (% by weight). When fumaric acid or a salt thereof in a granular form such as mean particle diameter of not less than 75 mesh is added to a ration, the proportion of acetic acid and propionic acid among volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the ruminant animal is increased for a sustained time to enhance the efficiency of milk and meat production and improve the quality of meat. The proportion of fumaric acid or a salt thereof is about 0.1 to 10% by weight. The addition of fumaric acid or a salt thereof helps to suppress flatulence which tends to occur on feeding with concentrates.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the preparation of a ruminant dietary product comprising a blend of fatty acid salt and denatured protein. In the process, whole proteinaceous oilseed in particulate form is treated with a basic alkaline earth metal compound. The oil content of the oilseed is saponified to a fatty acid salt, and the protein content is denatured into a water-insoluble form. The fatty acid salt and denatured protein ingredients of the invention ruminant dietary product have rumen-bypass properties, and are metabolized in the post-rumen digestive tract under ruminant feeding conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of a powdered protein product from whole blood or a blood cell fraction separated from whole blood, the protein product being highly digestible, having a low content of iron and salts, being light brown, watersoluble and having good adhesive properties. The method for the production of the powdered protein product is characterized in that an aqueous blood cell material is subjected to hydrolysis at a temperature of between 140.degree. and 190.degree. C. and that the treated material is separated into a low-iron, liquid phase containing soluble proteins and an iron-rich, solid phase containing insoluble proteins, the liquid phase subsequently being concentrated or dried to a low-iron protein product, if desired.

Abstract: Disclosed is the feed or feed additive granular agent containing a physiologically active substance and a coating layer having a laminar structure in which the tabular crystals are arranged in a laminated state. The coating layer comprises (a) one or more substances selected from the group consisting of a specific fatty acid or ester thereof, a specific animal or vegetable fat and fatty oil which may be hardened by hydrogenation, and a specific wax, and (b) tabular crystals of a substance which is sparingly water-soluble under a neutral condition but is readily water-soluble under an acidic condition and which has an average particle size of 5 to 30 .mu.m, wherein said coating layer is present in a coating ratio of 5% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less, wherein said first coating material and said second coating material are in a proportion of 3:2 to 1:3 by weight, and process for producing the same.

Abstract: A mineral supplement with vitamins for ruminant animals, and a method for its preparation. Vitamin component granules are provided that contain one or more of Vitamin A, Vitamin D and Vitamin E, the majority of the granules being sized to pass a no. 31/2 U.S. Standard Sieve but not a no. 16 U.S. Standard Sieve, the granules having an irregular shape such that the size and shape of the granules substantially prevents them from separating from the mineral supplement. The granules are combined with a mineral mix of finely divided particles that are visibly smaller than the majority of the vitamin granules, the mineral mix containing one or more of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. The granules may be made by formulating pellets containing the vitamin component, dividing the pellets and retaining the desired size range of granules, and mixing the granules with a finely divided mineral mix.

Abstract: This invention relates to an animal feed composition which comprises an effective amount of an acidogenic compound selected from the group consisting of lysine, benzoic acid or a salt thereof, an alkaline earth metal salt of a mineral acid and an ammonium salt of a carboxylic acid which is capable of maintaining the pH value of the excrement of the animal so fed at or below 7 for at least 24 hours. The compound is suitably a calcium salt of sulphuric, hydrochloric or phosphoric acid or ammonium benzoate. The compound suppresses or inhibits ammonia emission in animal excreta.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pelletization-resistant rumen bypass formulation of a feed additive resistant to pelletization by applying a reinforcement measure resisting to a mechanical stress during the pelletization and humidification and heating at steaming, etc. to a rumen bypass formulation formed of biologically active principles and protective matrices and a feed pellet for ruminants containing said pelletization-resistant rumen bypass formulation therein. More particularly, the present invention relates to a pelletization-resistant rumen bypass formulation prepared by including one or more rumen bypass formulations formed of biologically active principles and protective matrices in the moldings of various types of macromolecules described above (pelletization-resistant protective matrices) having a shape retaining property during a process of pelletization, and a feed pellet for ruminants applying the same.

Abstract: A bacterium belonging to Bacillus subtilis and having aflatoxin decomposing ability, as well as a fungal growth inhibitor, fermentation promoter and livestock fattening agent, all containing the bacterium as an active or effective ingredient.

Abstract: Ruminant feedstuffs comprising at least one biologically active substance such as amino acids, salts of amino acids and vitamins which are dispersed in a protectant containing calcium salts of mixed fatty acids as a main component wherein the void ratio is 15% or less and the moisture content is 2% by weight or less are disclosed. The feedstuff preparations of the present invention have excellent rumen bypassing properties and excellent digestion and absorption properties in the abamasum and subsequent digestive organs in addition to the feedstuffs' excellent heat resistant stability.

Abstract: Granules containing salinomycin are prepared that are free-flowing, dust-free, and have unrestricted bioavailability of salinomycin. The granules are produced by fermenting a culture broth with a salinomycin producing microorganism to a residual fat content of about 24 to 30% by dry weight broth, adding to the fermented broth a cellulose ether and an anticaking agent, and spray drying the broth while adding a flow auxiliary to produce granules containing 10 to 26% by weight salinomycin. The granules also contain, based on the weight of the broth being fermented, 30 to 40% anticaking agent and flow auxiliary in a ratio of 3:1 to 9:1 and 0.5 to 2% cellulose ether. The anticaking agent is preferably a calcium carbonate such as chalk or a silica of natural origin such as diatomaceous earth, talc, or kaolin. The flow auxiliary is preferably a synthetic or precipitated silica.

Abstract: A formaldehyde-treated animal feedstuff which is resistant to contamination by pathogenic bacteria is obtained by spraying an aqueous solution containing 10-50 wt. % formaldehyde on an animal feed, to obtain 200-1000 g/ton of a hydrolyzable formaldehyde adduct with a coefficient of variation 7% or less. Methods of reducing disease in animals, reducing doses of antimicrobial drugs in animal feed, and reducing drug residues in meat products are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of formulating ruminant feed to selectively change a composition of milk produced by the ruminant. The method includes providing a fistula directly into an abomasum of the ruminant. A selected feed component at a selected level is introduced directly into the abomasum through the ingress. The selected feed component thereby bypasses other portions of the ruminant's stomach. The direct introduction of the selected feed component allows for changing a selected characteristic of the composition of milk. The composition of the milk corresponding to the selected feed component is then analyzed. The direct introduction of the selected feed component is repeated, if necessary, at other selected levels. The milk produced corresponding to the other selected levels is then analyzed.

Abstract: An oral nutritional supplement, i.e., a dietary adjunct, for livestock which includes incompatible live microbial cultures, and vitamin and mineral supplements, each separated from the other via multiple encapsulation. The microbial cultures include gastrointestinal bacteria, yeasts or fungi. A method of delivering incompatible compounds in vivo, a method of preparing shelf-stable compositions of incompatible substances, and a system for delivering oral nutritional supplements to livestock are also provided.

Abstract: A method of increasing the production of milk in a ruminant in which a milk-production increasing amount of encapsulated choline is orally administered to a ruminant, with the choline encapsulated in an encapsulating composition that protects the choline against metabolism by bacteria in the rumen of the ruminant. An edible composition for increasing the production of milk in a ruminant in which a milk-production increasing effective amount of choline is encapsulated in an encapsulating composition that protects the choline against metabolism by bacteria in the rumen of the ruminant.

Abstract: Soil dispersible and water dispersible granular nutrients for use in fertilizers or animal feeds include granules having a crystallized saccharide binder with carboxylates (sucrates) of a nutrient embedded therein, A method of preparing the nutrients containing granules is provided, A reducible nutrient compound is converted to a nutrient carboxylate (sucrate) by reacting the reducible nutrient with a sprayed stream of a stoichiometric excess of reducing saccharides (sugar cane molasses) containing at least 76% by weight solids at a temperature of 160.degree. to 175.degree. F.

Abstract: An improved, continuous process for the production of animal feed supplements is provided. Broadly, the process includes continuous preparation of a preblend including molasses and vegetable fat, followed by continuous cooking of the preblend in an elongated cooking zone. The cooked preblend is then continuously treated for removal of moisture and partial cooling thereof, whereupon dry ingredients (e.g., vitamins and protein sources) are added and the resultant feed supplement is continuously cooled and packaged.

Abstract: Improved, valine-supplemented sow lactation diets are provided which increase litter and weaning weights, particularly in the case of high producing sows. The diets of the invention include from about 12-30% by weight of total protein (e.g., from corn and soy), a total lysine content of about 0.75% by weight, and sufficient valine to give a valine:lysine ratio of at least about 0.83:1.

Abstract: A composition which improves iron deficiency, which comprises an egg containing 8 to 15 mg of iron per 100 g of yolk and which improves bone composition, which comprises an egg containing 500 to 3000 IU of vitamin D.sub.3 per 100 g of egg yolk.

Abstract: A process for preparing a fatty acid calcium salt ruminant feed supplement product which contains an incorporated methionine hydroxy analog calcium salt additive. The dietary product can function as a rumen bypass feed supplement, and permit a beneficial increase in the nutrient fat content of the feed.

Abstract: A feed for swine containing a casein digestion product of which a principal component is casein phosphopeptide, and a method of breeding a swine which comprises feeding a feed for swine containing 0.01 to 1 part by weight of a casein digestion product of which a principal component is casein phosphopeptide per 100 parts by weight of usual feed for swine. By feeding the feed for swine of the invention, the absorption of minerals, such as calcium and iron is promoted in pregnant sows, resulting in the improvement in the blood properties and milk quality. Piglets are slao improved in the blood properties and ossification degree by feeding the feed for swine of the invention.

Abstract: A dietary process for increasing the weight gaining rate of edible meat-producing animals while improving their carcass firmness and quality, which comprises feeding small granules, maximum average prill size of 1200 microns, of highly saturated fats to the animals. These highly saturated fats may be added in prescribed amounts, no more than 10% by weight, of the primary dry feed ration. The highly saturated fats according to the present invention have an iodine value in the range of 5-35.

Abstract: This invention provides a high purity particulate fatty acid salt product, which is a calcium salt derivative of a fatty acid mixture such as those obtained from vegetable oil and animal tallow sources.In a preferred embodiment, the invention fatty acid calcium salt product is substantially free of glyceride ingredient and odorant impurities, and optionally contains a flavor and aroma enhancing additive.

Abstract: Chickens are fed a composition including fish oil over a period of time. Modified eggs laid by such chickens contain substantial quantities of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The modified eggs are fed to humans with the result that serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides and blood pressure are reduced as compared to humans eating a like number of regular eggs with a subsequent decrease in heart disease.

Abstract: A nutritious milk composition containing a specific ratio of raw soybean milk to raw cows' milk which is an effective milk product for the regulation of micronutrients, e.g., methionine and calcium contents and for the production of a synergistic effect between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.