Abstract: A method for producing Omega-3 fatty acid enriched eggs includes the step of mixing a feed comprised of corn, soybean meal, flaxseed, oyster shell, limestone, salt, vitamin premix, mineral premix, Vitamin E premix, methionine, animal/vegetable fat blend, pectinase and glucanase enzyme product, and phosphorus. The method further includes feeding the hen a feed ration of 100-110 g per day and having the hen lay the enriched eggs.

Abstract: Coffee grounds containing diterpenes are added together with and heated with phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, or sulfuric acid at a temperature of between 80.degree. C. and 100.degree. C. for a time to degrade the diterpenes, and the product so treated is dried and may be used as a part of an animal food.

Abstract: A method and composition which is rumen stable but intestine soluble, and therefore useful in dietary supplementation of ruminant animals with bioavailable but rumen stable forms of essential amino acids.

Abstract: In a method for producing eggs with improved flavor, hen poultry are fed a feed containing nutmeg and/or cinnamon. Eggs obtained from the poultry and foods produced from the eggs have an improved taste.

Abstract: The present invention provides Phaffia rhodozyma strains having increased levels of astaxantin and a low percentage of 3-hydroxy-3',4'-didehydro-.beta.,.psi.-caroten-4-one (HDCO). Such strains are obtained by a combination of mutagenesis and selection. The invention further provides a method for obtaining such strains. The invention also provides astaxanthin obtained from a mutagenized strain of Phaffia rhodozyma characterized in that it contains a decreased relative amount of HDCO.

Abstract: The invention is directed to compositions useful in methods for the treatment of coccidiosis. The compositions are designed to be administered to animals infected with coccidiosis-inducing organisms and contain an osmoprotectant, e.g. betaine, and an anticoccidial agent or coccidiostat.

Abstract: This invention provides a dietary fatty acid salt product in granulated form which optionally contains one or more additional nutrient or medicament ingredients. The dietary product can function as a rumen bypass animal feed supplement, and permit a beneficial increase in the nutrient fat content of the feed. An important aspect of the invention is the encapsulation of the granules with a polymeric coating which functions as an impermeable barrier to one or more volatile organic compounds contained in the core matrix.

Abstract: A method for supplementing the amino acid levels in ruminants is provided where rumen-protected amino acids, particularly lysine and/or methionine, are used to supplement ruminant feed.

Abstract: An intra-ruminal, slow release bolus for supplying a biologically beneficial substance to a ruminant animal, wherein the beneficial substance, in the form of a relatively high density particulate such as copper oxide, is incorporated in a cylindrical block of a solid, non-toxic binding substance such as salt or sugar which in use dissolves and/or disperses within at most a few hours in the ruminant stomach, leaving the beneficial substance retained in the ruminant stomach for slow release over a period of months.

Abstract: A liquid feed containing 1.about.10% by weight of monosaccharide alone or in combination with 0.1.about.1.0% by weight of sodium bicarbonate is fed to broiler chicks, layers or breeders in the summer season, thereby preventing reduction of body weight increase rate in broiler chicks as well as reduction of egg production yield in layers or breeders, and further preventing the mortality of broiler chicks, layers or breeders caused by heatstroke. In addition a liquid feed containing 1.about.10% by weight of monosaccharide alone or in combination with 0.1.about.1.0% by weight of sodium bicarbonate is fed to layers in a later stage at an ordinary temperature or at lower temperature thereby preventing production of extra large eggs which does not meet standard requirements.

Abstract: A feed additive for ruminants, comprising dried fungal and/or bacterial fermentation by products which provide glutamic acid fermentation solubles, dried corn fermentation solubles, or a mixture of dried glutamic acid fermentation solubles and dried corn fermentation solubles, wherein the dried solubles have been dried to a total moisture content of less than 30% by weight at a temperature not less than about 80.degree. F. and not more than about 900.degree. F.

Abstract: A process for preparing grain products to use as foods, livestock feeds, aquacultural feeds. The grains used are soybean, rice, barley, wheat, oats, rye and corn, and defatted products or brans thereof, and the like and which are extremely excellent in digestion efficiency. Conventional products made from a grain are poor in digestion efficiency, and processes for preparing such products are also poor in efficiency. One of the main features of the process resides in that phytic acid in a grain is hydrolyzed removed to obtain a product having high digestion efficiency.

Abstract: A method of treating meat animals to increase fat firmness and meat quality indices which increases meat processability consists of administering to the meat animals a safe and effective amount of conjugated linoleic acid or CLA.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metal carboxylates and more particularly to chromium(III) and manganese(II) salts of short chain fatty acids. A method of making the same such that there are only sub part per billion amounts of these metals in other valent forms present in the resultant salts, and the salts are suitable for use as nutritional supplementation of living organisms with the organic metal salts.

Abstract: A ruminant feed composition for depressing rumen methanogenesis and improving feed efficiency, which is safe and does not adversely affect a ruminant, and a method for feeding the composition to a ruminant. As an effective component of the feed composition, cysteine and/or its salts are fed to a ruminant in an amount of 0.02 to 0.21 g sulfur equivalent/kg of metabolic body weight per day.

Abstract: A method is provided for the high yield, agricultural production of Enteromorpha clathrata involving repeated steps of supplying brackish or seawater to a pond containing Enteromorpha clathrata.

Abstract: Preparations are disclosed containing the 3R-3'R stereoisomer of zeaxanthin as a sole detectable isomer, packaged for oral ingestion by humans as a therapeutic drug or nutritional supplement. Zeaxanthin is a yellow carotenoid pigment found in the macula (in the center of the human retina), which helps protect retinal cells against phototoxic damage. The pure R-R stereoisomer can be prepared by fermenting cells, such as Flavobacterium multivorum (ATCC 55238), which do not create any detectable quantity of the undesired and potentially toxic S-S or S-R isomers, and which do not synthesize any other carotenoids. The R-R isomer can be concentrated, in large quantities and at low cost, into a viscous oily fluid containing about 5 to 20% zeaxanthin, by means of a simple solvent extraction process. This oily fluid can be mixed with a carrier such as vegetable oil and enclosed within a digestible capsule, comparable to a conventional capsule containing Vitamin E.

Abstract: This invention encompasses protein-protected ruminant feed comprising oil seed meal, hulls, and water that has been cooked to give a cooked meal having a temperature of at least 200.degree. F. and a moisture content of from 21 to 26 wt. % and thereafter drying and cooling the moist cooked feed to give a protein protected ruminant feed. The protein protected ruminant feed is less digestible in the rumen and thereby enhances ruminant growth and milk production.

Abstract: A method of storing forage products in a mass includes the steps of coating all of the exposed surfaces of the mass with a melted tallow, and allowing the tallow composition to cool to seal the surface of the mass. The tallow is preferably applied at a rate of between about 0.4 and about 0.8 pounds per square foot of surface area, and penetrates to a depth of between about 1/4 and 3/4, forming a protective layer or shell with the forage products. The tallow preferably has a titre of between about 47 and about 49.

Abstract: A process for producing divalent metal carboxylates having the formula, M(CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.x COO.sup.-).sub.2, wherein M is the divalent metal cation, zinc (Zn.sup.+2) or copper (Cu.sup.+2) and x is zero or 1 is disclosed. In this process, an anhydrous C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 carboxylic acid is admixed with a basic divalent metal compound that is an oxide, hydroxide or carbonate of Zn.sup.+2 or Cu.sup.+2 in the absence of added solvent or other diluent. The divalent metal carboxylate so produced is used as a biologically available and economical source of trace metals for supplementation in animal diets.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a milk enhancer composition, a milk feed composition and a method for feeding infant cattle. The milk enhancer and milk feed compositions provide a feed composition that is reduced in fat and delivers balanced nutrition.

Abstract: A ruminally inert fat for a ruminant feed is made by applying reducing sugars to oilseed meats and heating to induce non-enzymatic browning. The process is controlled to ensure penetration of the reducing sugars into the interior of cracked oilseed meat prior to browning. The browning reaction renders the protein which surrounds the oil resistant to rumen bacterial degradation to thereby encapsulate the oil in a protective matrix.

Abstract: A device for and method of injecting a bale of ruminant material with a fluid is taught. The device includes a plurality of injection spikes for insertion into the bale. The spikes are attached to a support for supporting the spikes while they are inserted into the bale. The spikes are attached to the support by a resilient member. The device prevents the deformation of the spikes and thereby increases the useable life of the device over devices in which the spikes are rigidly mounted on a driving structure. The device further has injection drive which allows precise control over the amount of fluid being injected into the bale.

Abstract: An animal feed binder, particularly for use in forming pellets. The binder is an anhydrous complex salt formed as a by-product in the desulfurization of fossil fuel combustion gases with magnesium oxide. The magnesium sludge from the desulfurization process is dewatered, dried and ground into a powder not larger than about minus 7 U.S. Sieve mesh. The anhydrous complex salt contains a major portion of magnesium sulfite (greater than 50% by weight to about 80% by weight) and a minor portion of magnesium sulfate (from about 15% by weight to about 45% by weight). An animal feed composition is formed by the admixture of a dry mixture of feed ingredients and the complex salt. When the animal feed composition is contacted with water or steam, it is conditioned by the heat of hydration of the complex salt and forms a hardened animal feed composition which can be extruded into pellets or formed into self-setting blocks.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide an economically advantageous rumen bypass formulation capable of containing a biologically-active substance at a high concentration by means of using a protective material composted of safe natural product to ecosystem. The preparation of the rumen bypass formulation for ruminants according to the present invention can be accomplished by dispersing a biologically-active substance in an amount of from 50 to 90% by weight relative to the weight of the formulation into a protective material comprising specific salts of aliphatic carboxylic acid and either of fatty acid or aliphatic alcohol at a ratio of the former to the later being in a range of from 30:70 to 10:90.

Abstract: This invention is directed to diets for chicks designed to provide their dietary requirements of methionine. Betaine is used in place of methionine to supply a portion of this requirement.

Abstract: A method for preserving animal feed involves treating the animal feed with an inorganic acid having a pK.sub.a from 1.0 to 5.0 to reduce the pH of the animal feed to less than 4.5. Sodium bisulfate is a preferred inorganic acid. Preferably, the acid is substantially completely dissolved and is substantially uniformly distributed throughout the animal feed. In a preferred method, the animal feed is treated by mixing the animal feed with a dry acid and applying steam to the mixture. An animal feed composition contains a feed grain and an inorganic acid having a pK.sub.a from 1.0 to 5.0, where the acid is present in an amount sufficient to reduce the pH of the animal feed to less than 4.5.

Abstract: The invention is a choline feed stock precursor having greater than about 80-wt % of choline chloride, a lubricating agent, and an excipient. Generally, the composition of the invention may comprise a choline compound at concentrations above 80 wt-%, trace amounts of lubricating agent, and an excipient. To extend shelf-life, a hydrophobic stabilizing agent or adjuvant may be added to the composition of the invention. This preferred composition remains free-flowing when subjected to ambient conditions of up to 49.degree. C. and less than 90% relative humidity. The invention is also a process for formulating choline feed stock precursors, having greater than about 80-wt % choline chloride. The method of the invention generally includes the steps of inter-mixing choline and an excipient, spray drying this mixture in the presence of a lubricating agent and adding an additional portion of hydrophobic stabilizing agent, to the mixture.

Abstract: The present specification discloses a ruminant feed additive composition which contains as an active ingredient a phosphoric acid-amino acid-polyvalent metal composite salt (final composite salt) which is insoluble in neutral or alkaline water and is soluble in acidic water and which can be obtained by treating a composite salt composed of a basic amino acid, magnesium and phosphoric acid with a salt of a divalent or trivalent (polyvalent) metal other than magnesium, or by treating the above-mentioned composite salt with the polyvalent metal salt and a condensed phosphoric acid component (alone) or the condensed phosphoric acid component and a phosphoric acid component (in combination), this composition taking the form of a powder or granules.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nutrient rich humus material produced by a process wherein solids in an aqueous slurry of animal excrement are settled or precipitated in a solids ecoreactor, the slurry may be treated before and/or after settlement in the ecoreactor by passing to a bioreactor wherein soluble phosphorus may be precipitated with metallic salts, the slurry is aerobically and anaerobically treated to form an active biomass that actively bioconverts remaining soluble phosphorus, nitrogen and organics, and the aqueous slurry containing bioconverted phosphorus is recycled to said solids ecoreactor and/or discharged, and at least a portion of slurry is bioconverted and recovered as a beneficial humus material.

Abstract: The use of protected active ingredients, preferably methionine, protected against degradation in the rumen as a hepatoprotective agent is disclosed.

Abstract: Livestock and poultry are fed with feed containing at least one spice chosen from among the families Myristicaceae, Cruciferae, Rutaceae, Compositae, Pedaliaceae, Piperaceae, Leguminosae, Umbelliferae, Myrtaceae, Solanaceae, Labiatae, Lauraceae, Liliaceae and Zingiberaceae, whereby the active ingredients of the spice taken into the bodies of the thus-fed livestock and poultry are transferred to their internal fat thereby to modify their meat and to improve the smell of their fat. Accordingly, the fatty smell of the meat and fat to be obtained from the thus-fed livestock and poultry is removed and the freshness-keeping power of the meat and fat is enhanced. As the spices may be added to feed, livestock and poultry may efficiently take the spices with ease.

Abstract: A slow ammonia release non-protein feed supplement that enables the use of higher level of a non-protein nitrogen source in ruminant feed is disclosed along with the process for making the same. In a preferred embodiment, a 38 wt. % calcium chloride solution is mixed with dry urea to produce a feed supplement having a ratio of nitrogen to calcium of from about 2.5:1 to about 4:1 and a salt out temperature between from about -40.degree. F. to -70.degree. F.

Abstract: Crystallized anhydrous zilpaterol hydrochloride having less than 5% of the crystals with a size of less than 15 microns and at least 95% of the crystals having a size of less than 250 microns and a process for its preparation and novel intermediates.

Abstract: A coccidiosis-relieving agent comprising cashew nut shell oil and/or anacardic acids as an active ingredient and a feed for relieving coccidiosis comprising cashew nut shell oil and/or anacardic acids. Cecal lesions of livestock and poultry, in particular poultry such as fowl, can be relieved by adding cashew nut shell oil and/or anacardic acids to a feed. The coccidiosis-relieving agent according to the present invention does not completely inactivate Coccidium protozoa, but induces slight infection to immunize an animal, thus achieving a so-called "passive immunological effect". The coccidiosis-relieving agent is efficacious in allowing Coccidium protozoa to grow and imparting sufficient immunological stimuli while relieving lesions to thereby lessen damage to poultry such as fowls.

Abstract: A method for supplementing the amino acid levels in ruminants is provided where rumen-protected amino acids, particularly lysine and/or methionine, are used to supplement ruminant feed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a convenient and economical method for improving the rate of raising newborn piglets from the pregnancy of the sow to the weaning of the piglets. The method reduces the incidence of premature piglets and increases the lacteal yield of breeding sows by feeding the breeding sows a feed containing saccharides mainly composed of oligosaccharides.

Abstract: This invention relates the use of sodium carbonate pulping liquor, in liquid or powder form, as a pellet binder in animal feed. The use of sodium carbonate pulping liquor as a binder provides a durable, abrasion resistant pellet that can withstand rough handling without crumbling.

Abstract: The diets of ruminant animals include proteins which are, unfortunately, largely degraded in the rumen. Therefore, most of the protein is not available to the animal in the intestine where the nutrients can be properly absorbed and utilized by the animal. The present invention overcomes this problem by providing a composition that can be applied to a feed product in order to protect it from degradation in the rumen. In particular, the composition comprises about 10% w/v zein and from about 1 to about 2% formaldehyde in an aqueous alcohol solution. The invention also includes the method for protecting the feed product as well as the protected feed product.

Abstract: A feed additive for ruminants, comprising dried glutamic acid fermentation solubles, dried corn fermentation solubles, or a mixture of dried glutamic acid fermentation solubles and dried corn fermentation solubles, wherein the dried solubles have been dried to a total moisture content of less than 30% by weight at a temperature not less than about 80.degree. F. and not more than about 900.degree. F.

Abstract: A supplemented animal feed composition comprising (a) an animal feed that is deficient in a trace metal admixed with (b) a diet-supplementing effective amount of a polyvalent metal cation propionate having the formula M(CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 COO.sup.-).sub.x, wherein M is a polyvalent metal cation form of said deficient metal that is selected from the group consisting of Zn.sup.+2, Cu.sup.+2, Fe.sup.+3, Fe.sup.+2, Mn.sup.+2, Co.sup.+2 and Cr.sup.+3, and x is an integer equal to the cationic charge of M. The metal propionates are used as biologically available and economical sources of trace metal for supplementation in animal diets.

Abstract: This invention relates to techniques for improving the efficiency of feed conversion, growth and yield of meat from ruminant livestock. There is provided a method of improving the growth rate and modifying the carcass quality of ruminant livestock. The method includes simultaneously feeding to the animal a protected protein meal and, in addition, a protected lipid in amounts which synergistically improve the growth rate and modify the carcass quality.

Abstract: A woody or non-woody biomass is delignified through continuous extrusion technology, utilizing high-pressure steam to break down complex biomass materials. The process is useful to form a hydrophobic fiber material for use as an extrusion filler, a plastics modifier, and in the papermaking arts. Alternatively, the process is useful for preparing dietary feeds for ruminant animals, as well as to produce a broad range of alcohols or polymers from lignocellulosic substrates.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method useful for applying feed supplements to feed, comprising: preparing an aqueous composition containing a metal-amino acid complex, such as zinc methionine, and directly applying the aqueous composition to the feed at a local manufacturing or feeding site. The method may further comprise transporting the aqueous composition to a feeding site after being prepared and before being applied onto the feed.

Abstract: A process for the heterotrophic or predominantly heterotrophic production of whole-celled or extracted microbial products with a high concentration of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids, producible in an aerobic culture under controlled conditions using biologically pure cultures of heterotrophic single-celled fungi microorganisms of the order Thraustochytriales. The harvested whole-cell microbial product can be added to processed foods as a nutritional supplement, or to fish and animal feeds to enhance the omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid content of products produced from these animals. The lipids containing these fatty acids can also be extracted and used in nutritional, pharmaceutical and industrial applications.

Abstract: A process for ameliorating the effects of tibial dyschondroplasia while maintaining weight gain in poultry is disclosed as are a supplemented poultry feed and a feed supplement concentrate. The process contemplates feeding the bird with a poultry feed that contains 35 to 350 micrograms of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol per kilogram of feed. The supplement feed is used in the above process, whereas a feed supplement concentrate comprises a comestible diluent containing about 0.05 to about 100 mg of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol per gram of concentrate.

Abstract: A method for the production of condensed molasses solubles-enriched calcium phosphate includes the step of reacting, in an exothermic reaction, a predetermined amount of a calcium oxide-containing product with a predetermined amount of an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid and a predetermined amount of condensed molasses solubles to produce a reaction mixture containing calcium phosphate and condensed molasses solubles. The method, further, includes allowing the heat produced in the exothermic reaction to evaporate at least a part of the water present in the reaction mixture. The condensed molasses solubles-enriched calcium phosphate product is isolated in loose granular form and has a water content of 0-15% (mass/mass).

Abstract: N-methyl-aspartic acid (NMA) is used to increase the growth rate, feed efficiency and/or decrease the amount of body fat of an animal, such as a chicken, pig, fish or human. Administration of NMA can be via injection or can be oral or transdermal administration or via subcutaneous implant.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a process to correct and optimize the feed-composition on basis of testing the levels of so called FIL-lectines in the blood. This correction is exerted by adding certain sugars and amino acids to the feed. Hereby the FIL-level may be adjusted in order to optimize the growth.

Abstract: A process and feed composition for supplying fatty acids to ruminant animals which comprises feeding saturated fatty acids in the form of triglycerides to the animals. These highly saturated triglycerides may be added in an amount preferably between 2-5% of the total dry matter of the ratio. The highly saturated fatty acids according to the present invention have an iodine value of less than 25.