Abstract: A method and apparatus for uniform application of a coating of fluorescent phosphors to tubes that have been bent into a serpentine shape, which includes dragging a hose and phosphor spray nozzle through the bends of the serpentine tube, thereby depositing a phosphor layer throughout the serpentine tube.

Abstract: Glazing article comprises a substrate bearing a substantially transparent coating comprising an optically functional layer and a thinner anti-iridescence layer undercoat mediate the optically functional layer and the substrate. The anti-iridescence layer eliminates or substantially reduces iridescence and, in addition, is readily designed to make the overall coating colorless or to provide a substantially uniform, muted color. The anti-iridescence layer comprises a high refractive index zone on the substrate, having a refractive index higher than that of the substrate. Multiple gradient step zones are stacked on the high refractive index zone, including a low refractive index zone. A second gradient step zone having a refractive index higher than that of the first gradient step zone is positioned on the low refractive index zone, such that the low refractive index zone is directly sandwiched between the two higher refractive index zones.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided coating liquids for forming conductive coatings, which comprise (i) a zirconium oxysalt, (ii) a conductive substance and, if necessary, (iii) at least one member selected from non-sedimentary silica dispersion and silicon alkoxide or its derivative. The coating liquids, when coated on substrates, form thereon transparent conductive coatings which are excellent in transparency, scratch resistance, permanence properties and adhesion to the substrates and, moreover, excellent in antistatic effect. In particular, when the coating liquids for forming conductive coatings mentioned above are coated by the spray method on appropriate substrates followed by drying and/or heating, there are obtained face plates for display devices, which have excellent regular reflection reducing effect (non-glare) and antistatic effect.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for forming coatings comprising light metal fluorides on a substrate. More particularly, the coating comprising light metal fluorides is preferably made using sol-gel techniques and may comprise a concentration gradient of the light metal fluorides across the thickness of the coating to provide it with unique anti-reflective properties.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of producing a transparent zinc oxide film having an even thickness especially useful as a ultraviolet rays cut off. The method comprises applying a solution of an organic zinc compound selected from the group consisting of a zinc salt of a fatty acid of 3-7 carbons and a chelate compound of a diketone of 5-8 carbons in an organic solution on a substrate, and then baking the resultant coating at temperatures of 300.degree.-600.degree. C. It is preferred that the solution of an organic zinc compound further contains at least one organometallic compound of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, indium, tin and titanium.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a cathode ray tube (CRT) having a surface with improved antistatic and antiglare properties and to a method for providing such improved properties. In the method of the invention, a solution of an alkoxyilane in a solvent system of an alcohol, chloride ion and water is provided. The solution is applied to the surface of a cathode ray tube to impart antiglare and antistatic properties to the surface. Thereafter, the CRT with the saline applied is cured at an elevated temperature for a period of time sufficient to cause the saline to react and be converted to a siloxane.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a cathode ray tube (CRT) having a surface with improved antistatic and antiglare properties and to a method for providing such improved properties. In the method of the invention, a solution of a silane selected from a chlorinated silane and an alkoxysilane in a solvent system of on alcohol and chloride ion is provided. The solution is applied to the surface of a cathode ray tube to impart antiglare and antistatic properties to the surface. Thereafter, the CRT with the silane applied is cured at an elevated temperature for a period of time sufficient to cause the silane to react and be converted to a siloxane.

Abstract: A process consisting of forming, by pyrolysis of powders on glass heated to a high temperature, a layer of aluminum oxide and of at least one zinc, indium, tin, or titanium oxide, using a mixture of powders formed from an organometallic aluminum derivative containing at least one alcoholate function and one .beta.-diketone function, and at least one organometallic tin, indium, zinc, and titanium compound, and windows incorporating this oxide-coated glass having a conductive layer and a neutral color under reflection.

Abstract: A film pattern of a desired material is formed on a substrate by forming a pattern of powder of inorganic material on the substrate, forming at least a single layer of film of desired material on the substrate on which the pattern of the powder of inorganic material is formed so that a part of the film of the desired material is formed on at least a part of the pattern of the powder of inorganic material, and mechanically removing the pattern film of the powder of inorganic material together with a part of the film of the desired material formed thereon.

Abstract: A pyrolitic deposition process, for pyrolitic deposition of organo-cupric powder to form copper oxide film, is improved. A substrate is heated, and organocupric powder is sprayed at the substrate, using oxygen gas as the carrier gas. Up to one-third greater deposition rate results, as compared to the process using compressed air as the carrier gas.

Abstract: Process for the storage of information in an organic recording layer which, as the result of local treatment of its surface with an organic solvent in accordance with the shape of the information to be marked can alter its absorption spectrum and/or its photoconductivity in such a way that information is produced and stored respectively at the treated areas of this layer. The information thus stored can be read off visually, by means of a micro-reader or by means of an incorporated electrode system.

Abstract: Chromium acetyl acetonate is added to a zinc acetate-containing reactant mixture, to improve the chemical durability of a zinc oxide layer deposited on a glass substrate by the spray pyrolysis process.

Abstract: Cobaltous acetyl acetonate is added to a zinc acetate-containing reactant mixture, to accelerate the growth rate of a zinc oxide layer deposited on a glass substrate by the spray pyrolysis process.

Abstract: Methods for the coating of different closely-spaced areas of an electrode member to produce a color filter matrix thereon. A thin translucent layer of electroconductive composition, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), is applied to isolated areas of the electrode substrate, and selected ones of said areas are charged to one polarity while the other closely-spaced areas are charged to an opposite polarity. Color material is introduced as fine droplets in a volatile vehicle, charged to said opposite polarity, for selective attraction to said selected areas and repulsion from all other areas. The procedure is repeated with different color material droplets for deposition on others of said closely-spaced areas to produce a multi-colored matrix filter, such as on the lower pel electrode or on the upper pixel common electrode of a LCD device. Preferably the ITO layer is coated with a thin polymer layer and the color material is a diffusible dye which is heat-diffused thereinto.

Abstract: A touch-sensitive matrix switch assembly includes a pair of transparent insulating substrates having conductive row strips and column strips. The conductive row strips and column strips are separated by longitudinal extending channels, and an insulating spacer strip is deposited in each row channel and in each column channel. The substrates are mounted together with the row conductors extending transversely with respect to the column conductors. An air gap between the row conductors and column conductors is provided by the engagement of the row spacer strips against the column spacer strips. The space strips are formed by very small diameter transparent glass or polymer particles which are mixed with a transparent polymer adhesive in a volatile solvent. The glass or polymer particle/adhesive mixture is sprayed into the channels through a mask to produce a transparent, non-conductive glass or polymer deposit which is enlarged slightly out of the channel, thereby defining a spacer strip.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for forming a transparent conductive metal oxide film having good characteristic properties. The method comprises feeding an atomized or gasified starting material onto a substrate to form a metal oxide film on the substrate, wherein the substrate is heated to form a first metal oxide film having a good degree of orientation of crystals and a second film formation step wherein a second metal oxide film is formed on the first metal oxide film under higher substrate temperature conditions than those in the first film formation step to form a second metal oxide film having a degree of orientation of crystals in conformity with that of the first metal oxide film.

Abstract: A thin film of a superconductor comprising composite metal oxides is formed by atomizing and spraying a homogeneous solution or solutions containing as solutes one or more of metal compounds capable of forming the superconductor, with an ultrasonic wave sprayer, onto a hot substrate to form the thin film, and the ultrasonic wave sprayer for forming the thin film of the superconductor comprises an ultrasonic wave-generating vibrator, feedstock supplier, atomized solution-escaping inhibitor, substrate supporter and heater, the ultrasonic wave-generating vibrator being connected through an axis to a solution-atomizing nozzle.

Abstract: An antistatic, glare-reducing coating, as for the surface of the viewing surface of a CRT is prepared by (a) warming a glass support surface above room temperature, (b) coating a surface of the warm support with an aqueous solution containing a lithium-stabilized silica sol and an inorganic metallic compound, and drying the deposited coating, (c) heating the glass support surface and the coating to a temperature of about 65.degree. C. for about 30 seconds, and (d) washing and then drying the coating.

Abstract: An improved process to deposit transparent, crystalline, ferroelectric films from metallo-organic solutions on platinum, glass, quartz, and sapphire substrates is disclosed. The use of this process results in a significant improvement in the transparency of perovskite, ferroelectric lead titanate (PT), lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and doped-PZT films (e.g. films doped with lanthanum, PLZT).

Abstract: Transition metal nitrates such as nickel nitrate are dissolved in monoalcohols having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms. The coatings are applied to a substrate material and fired to convert the coating to an electrochromically active state.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of transparent electric conductors.According to the invention, a doped tin oxide layer formed by CVD is heat-treated to improve its conductivity.

Abstract: A vehicle window 100 comprises a glass sheet 101 bearing a coating 102. The coating 102 is a tin oxide coating located on an external face of the vehicle window, and has been polished after deposition.Such a coating can confer increased abrasion resistance, and facilitates removal of frozen condensation. The coating may be electrically conductive so that it reduces the emissivity of the coated face in respect of infra-red radiation having wavelengths greater than 3 micrometers.A method of manufacturing a transparent vehicle window is disclosed which comprises depositing a coating on a face of a piece of glass in sheet or ribbon form, the coating deposited being a tin oxide coating. After deposition the coating is subjected to a polishing treatment.

Abstract: The specification discloses a method for coating a substrate with electrochromic coatings by dipping a substrate having a conductive surface into, or spraying, or spin coating with, a solution prepared by reacting an anhydrous halide of an electrochromically active transition metal with a C.sub.1 to C.sub.5 anhydrous alcohol, most preferably under a stream of inert gas, at 0 to 80 degrees C. The dipped substrate is removed at a rate necessary to give a desired thickness, and the resulting coating is dried and hydrolyzed and further condensed to create an electrochromically active coating.

Abstract: A process comprising applying to a substrate a thin film comprised of a liquid carrier and a precursor selected from among compounds in which one or more pairs of group III and V elements are each joined by a thermally stable bond and the group III and V elements are each substituted with two thermally volatilizable ligands. The precursor is heated to a temperature in excess of 200.degree. C. to remove its volatilizable ligands while leaving a ligand free III-V compound as a monophasic layer on the substrate.

Abstract: Improved nebulizable coating compositions for making high quality, fluorine-doped tin oxide coatings having a low sheet resistance and high visible light transmission includes a mixture of less than 95 wt. % of monobutyltin trichloride, less than 50 wt. % of an inorganic fluorine dopant, which is ammonium fluoride, ammonium bifluoride or dibutyltin difluoride, and the rest is a mixture of solvents.

Abstract: A process for formation of tin oxide film is described, wherein a glass substrate is heated to a high temperature and then tin oxide film is formed on the surface of said substrate by a thermal decomposition oxidation reaction caused by bringing a tin compound or a mixture of a tin compound and a fluorine-containing compound into contact with the surface of said glass substrate, and wherein prior to the formation of tin oxide film, said glass substrate is preliminarily brought into contact with a solution of chloride of a metal belonging to Group IVB of the Periodic Table so that a layer of a composition containing the chloride of the Group IVB metal as the primary component is formed on the surface of said substrate.

Abstract: A method and kit for glare control and improvement of image transmission through a reflective-transmissive surface comprising surface irregularities to control glare. A dispersion of particles is applied to the surface and allowed to dry. Then an inert fluid coating is applied to the surface to enhance clarity. A liquid dispersion comprising a flattening agent is applied to the surface and allowed to dry so that the particles and flattening agent form a transparent glare-reducing coating. An inert fluid coating is applied to sufficient thickness to remove some, but not all, of the surface irregularities created by the glare reducing coating. A method of formulating the liquid dispersion is also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved liquid coating composition for producing high quality, high performance fluorine-doped tin oxide coatings by chemical vapor deposition includes the reaction product of a reactive fluorine dopant compound and an organotin compound, preferably 1-30 wt. % of the fluorine dopant and 70-99 wt. % of the organotin compound. The preferred liquid coating composition includes the reaction product of trifluoroacetic acid and monobutyltin trichloride.

Abstract: Infra red reflecting fluorine-containing tin oxide coatings are applied to glass using a solid chlorine-containing volatile inorganic tin (IV) compound optionally containing fluorine. The inorganic tin (IV) compound is suspended in carrier gas. When that compound is fluorine free, the suspension is directed on to the hot glass surface in the presence of a separate source of fluorine which may be an organic tin compound. When the inorganic tin (IV) compound contains fluorine, the suspension is directed on to the hot glass surface in the presence of an organic tin compound which may contain fluorine. Examples of the inorganic tin (IV) compounds which may be used are ammonium hexahalostannates of the formula (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SnHal.sub.6 wherein Hal represents halogen, being either chlorine, or a minor atomic proportion of fluorine and the balance chlorine.

Abstract: This specification is directed to a method of improving the conductivity and lowering the emissivity of a doped tin oxide film on the surface of a soda lime silica glass sheet. The method includes the steps of heating the glass sheet to a temperature in a range from 1000.degree. F. to 1250.degree. F. Thereafter, a fluorine-containing compound is applied to a surface of the heated glass sheet to react therewith to form a film in which divalent oxygen atoms and hydroxyl ions on the surface of the glass sheet are replaced with monovalent fluorine atoms. In this manner, the surface of the glass sheet is brought closer to a state of electro-neutrality and the monovalent fluorine atoms form a more stable bond with soda and silica atoms of the surface of the glass sheet. Thereafter, a doped tin oxide film is applied to the film formed on the heated glass sheet to a thickness required to give the doped tin oxide film the desired conductivity and emissivity characteristics.

Abstract: It is often required to solder an electrical connection to a component or a lead thereto via a contact pad. At present pads are commonly of materials that tend to oxidize during any subsequent heat processing of the device, and are then difficult to solder. It has now been discovered that certain alloys of copper containing manganese may be used to construct contact pads that are both solderable and remain so even when ovened in air at 200.degree. C., and the invention provides a method of constructing solderable contact pads upon a chosen substrate, in which method there is formed on the relevant area of the substrate a layer of such a manganese/copper alloy.

Abstract: The method of producing transparent and conductive tin oxide, which comprised the steps of(a) providing a phosphorous fluoride or a non-matallic halocarbon where the halogen consists of fluorine;(b) providing an organotin compound; and(c) applying the combination of said fluoride or said halocarbon and said organotin compound to a substrate in an oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: A method of controlling light transmission through a reflective/transmissive surface by first creating surface irregularities having an anti-glare effect and then applying an inert liquid coating sufficiently thick to remove at least some, but not all, of the anti-glare effect. The surface irregularities are created by applying a dispersion and allowing it to dry to form a coating that reduces reflected glare at the surface. The dispersion is a dispersion of polyvinyl acetate particulates and water or acrylic particulates and water; alternatively, the dispersion comprises a matte varnish comprising an aqueous dispersion of an acrylic resin, and an aqueous dispersion of polyvinyl acetate.

Abstract: Solid tin (IV) compounds, free from carbon-tin bonds, and containing both chlorine and fluorine are used to apply infra red reflecting fluorine containing tin oxide coatings to glass. Examples of the tin compounds that may be used are ammonium hexahalostannates of the formula (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SnHal.sub.6 wherein Hal represents halogen, and a minor atomic proportion of the halogen present is fluorine and the balance is chlorine. The tin compounds are dispersed in finely divided form in a carrier gas, and the suspension of the tin compound in the carrier gas is directed on to a hot glass surface to be coated.

Abstract: A dispersion for coating a reflective-transmissive surface comprising a mixture of an aqueous dispersion of polyvinyl acetate resin and an aqueous dispersion of an arcylic resin. When applied to such surfaces--for example, the protective glass or plastic of an electronic screen--the coating reduces reflected glare while maintaining the quality of the image transmitted from the screen being viewed. Methods of making and using the dispersion, as well as surfaces treated with the dispersion, are also disclosed.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to a method of making an infrared reflective glass sheet. The method has the following steps. The glass sheet formed of soda/lime silica glass is selected. The glass sheet is heated to a temperature in a range from 900.degree. to 1100.degree. F. If desired, the sheet glass selected may be selected at the time it is being manufactured in a glass manufacturing operation and it would have upon leaving a process such as a float process a temperature in a range of 900.degree. to 1100.degree. F. An organic/tin ion-containing, chlorine-free compound is applied to a surface of the glass sheet. Application of this compound forms a tin oxide seal coating having a columnar grain microstructure on the surface of the glass sheet. A coating of tin oxide is applied to the tin oxide seal coating. The coating of tin oxide is formed from the decomposition of butyltin trichloride.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to a method of making an infrared reflective glass sheet. The method has the following steps. The glass sheet formed of soda/lime silica glass is selected. The glass sheet is heated to a temperature in a range from 900.degree. to 1100.degree. F. If desired, the sheet glass selected may be selected at the time it is being manufactured in a glass manufacturing operation and it would have upon leaving a process such as a float process a temperature in a range of 900.degree. to 1100.degree. F. An organic/metallic ion-containing, chlorine-free compound is applied to a surface of the glass sheet. Application of this compound forms a metallic oxide seal coating on the surface of the glass sheet. A coating of tin oxide is applied to the metal oxide seal coating. The coating of tin oxide is formed from the decomposition of butyltin trichloride. The glass sheet is cooled to room temperature after application of the metal oxide seal coating and the tin oxide coating thereon.

Abstract: A pattern of transparent conductive material, such as tin oxide, is formed on a transparent vitreous substrate using a polycrystalline material, such as cadmium or zinc sulfide, to mask the substrate surface while depositing material forming the transparent conductive layer. The polycrystalline material and any overlying transparent conductive material are easily removed by a chemical etch, leaving the desired pattern of transparent conductive material adhering to the substrate. Two electrically conductive patterns may be formed in intersecting relationship and isolated, one from the other. The degree of electrical connection between the two patterns will be a function of the resistance of the polycrystalline material therebetween at points of crossing. In some instances, electroluminescence may be obtained by selecting the proper crystalline material wherein an electrical display may be created by selectively energizing crossing electrical conductors.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to a method of obtaining coated glass articles having a desired shading coefficient with the most economical thickness of coating composition applied thereto. The method taught is characterized by the following steps. A plurality of glass samples are coated with a selected coating composition. This coating operation is carried on the various glass samples in a manner such that the glass samples have different coating thicknesses of the selected coating composition. The thickness of the coating composition on each glass sample, along with the resulting shading coefficient, is measured. The correlation is made between the thickness of coating and the resulting shading coefficient. The correlation is one which will define two separate functions interconnected by a transition point. A first function (1) is one in which the shading coefficient decreases with increasing coating thickness.

Abstract: An flat envelope for hermetically containing various functional elements of an fluorescent display tube is disclosed. The envelope includes a base plate and a transparent front plate mounted on a front surface of the base plate to form a chamber with the base plate which contains a plurality of the indicator elements. The front plate comprises an upper glass plate, pillared glass strip side wall plates which are bonded to the inside periphery of the upper plate and a transparent electrically-conductive film for shielding static electricity deposited on the inner surface of the upper plate except the peripheral sealing portion of the upper plate and the peripheral side wall of the side wall plates.

Abstract: A mixture of carboxylate and diketonate coating reactants is disclosed to form a metal oxide film with essentially the same reflectance and transmittance properties as a metal oxide film formed from diketonate coating reactants alone, while providing improvement in the control of defects in the film.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for developing a coating film on a surface of a sheet of glass. Generally the sheet of glass is heated to a temperature in the range of 510.degree.-625.degree. C. The process is characterized by the step of engaging the surface of the heated glass sheet with a powder spray composition. The powder spray composition comprises a plurality of hollow, generally spherical particles. Each of the particles is formed from heat decomposable, organo-metallic salts of at least two metals. Preferred teachings indicate that the organo-metallic salts are salts of cobalt, iron and chromium.

Abstract: Substrate of glass or other mineral material covered with a coating of SnO.sub.2 whose electrical conductivity, transparency in the visible spectrum and thermal reflectivity are very high.This coating is obtained by the technique of vapor phase chemical deposition (CVD), by reacting a volatile tin compound with water vapor in the presence of hydrogen, on the heated substrate surface. The reaction mixture may also include HF.The coated substrate is suitable for electrically heated glazing.

Abstract: To obtain the desired light-intensity distribution in lighthouses for exposing color-picture-tube screens, use is made of light filters. The filter disclosed is obtained by spraying droplets of an opaque paint onto a suitable transparent support.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for obtaining a preferred multi-component metallic oxide coating on the surface of a glass substrate by pyrolytic coating techniques. In a pyrolytic coating technique, a heat decomposable, non-homogeneous, dry powder mixture of organic based metallic salts is sprayed against the surface of the glass substrate while the surface is at a temperature in the range from 700.degree. F. (370.degree. C.) to 1200.degree. F. (650.degree. C.). In accordance with the general teachings of this specification, the methods are initiated by selecting a preferred composition for the metallic oxide coating to be developed on the surface of the substrate. Different spraying compositions under a single set of spraying conditions or a single spray composition under different sets of spraying conditions are applied to test substrates to develop test specimens.

Abstract: In the formation of a metal or metal compound coating on a face of a heated glass substrate during its displacement in a downstream direction through a coating station at which the said face is contacted with at least one downwardly inclined stream of droplets comprising a substance or substances from which said coating is formed, there is a problem in achieving coatings of homogeneous structure and in providing uniform coverage of the substrate. To help reduce these problems each droplet stream delivered by spray guns 9 is inclined downwardly towards the substrate 4 in the upstream or downstream 6 direction, and one or more counter-currents of gas is or are caused to flow adjacent the substrate path from ducts 15, 16 and towards the front of each droplet stream, (the front being where the droplets have the longest trajectories), and suction force is exerted in exhaust ducting 13, 14 whose entrance is located for drawing gases away from the front of the droplet streams at a higher level.

Abstract: In the formation of a metal or metal compound coating on a face of a heated glass substrate during its forward displacement along a tunnel by contacting the substrate at a coating station in the tunnel with at least one stream of droplets comprising one or more substances from which said coating is formed, and simultaneously exerting suction forces in exhaust ducting to draw environmental gases away from that station, the coating may sometimes be spoiled by side reactions or by the spurious deposition of substances from the atmosphere within the tunnel. To help reduce this spoiling, the exhaust ducting comprises at least one exhaust duct (12) whose entrance is located in said tunnel (1) forwardly or rearwardly of the coating station and which forms or is associated with a barrier wall (16) located so as to prevent gases from passing over said duct, towards and into contact with the droplet stream(s) (9, 10).

Abstract: In the formation of a metal or metal compound coating on a face of a heated glass substrate during its forward displacement by contacting such face, at a coating station with at least one stream of droplets comprising one or more substances from which said coating is formed there is a problem in forming uniform high quality coatings which are free from structural defects.To help reduce this problem, the stream(s) of droplets (e.g. from spray gun 20) is or are repeatedly displaced along a transverse path (defined by guide 15) across the substrate (4), and gas is propelled (e.g. from discharge nozzles 24) unidirectionally forwardly or rearwardly across said transverse path, out of line with the droplet stream(s).

Abstract: In the formation of a metal or metal compound coating on a face of a heated glass substrate during its forward displacement by contacting such face at a coating station with at least one stream of droplets comprising one or more substances from which the coating is formed, problems are encountered in controlling the thickness of the coating.To facilitate such control, the or each droplet stream (21) is downwardly inclined towards the substrate (4) in the forward (6) direction or in a rearward direction, and at least one current (25) of preheated gas is discharged into the environment above the substrate (4) to flow in the same forward or rearward direction as the droplet stream(s) (21) and into contact therewith, the preheated gas current temperature being such as to influence the temperature of the droplets on their way to the substrate.The invention includes apparatus for performing the method.

Abstract: An electrochromic display cell comprises two opposing glass substrates, transparent electrodes formed on the glass substrates, electrochromic layers formed on the transparent electrodes, and a liquid electrolyte disposed in the cell. The electrochromic layer is formed in the following manner. A metal compound such as tungsten chloride (WCl.sub.6) is dissolved in an organic solvent such as an alcohol to obtain an organic solution including hydroxide (W(OH).sub.6). The organic solution is painted on the transparent electrode and, then calcined to obtain the electrochromic layer including tungsten oxide (WO.sub.3).