Abstract: A method is disclosed for depositing a coating from a turbulent gaseous stream of a powder coating reactant delivered to a substrate surface through a slot-shaped nozzle.

Abstract: A pattern of transparent conductive material, such as tin oxide, is formed on a transparent vitreous substrate using a polycrystalline material, such as cadmium or zinc sulfide, to mask the substrate surface while depositing material forming the transparent conductive layer. The polycrystalline material and any overlying transparent conductive material are easily removed by a chemical etch, leaving the desired pattern of transparent conductive material adhering to the substrate. Two electrically conductive patterns may be formed in intersecting relationship and isolated, one from the other. The degree of electrical connection between the two patterns will be a function of the resistance of the polycrystalline material therebetween at points of crossing. In some instances, electroluminescence may be obtained by selecting the proper crystalline material wherein an electrical display may be created by selectively energizing crossing electrical conductors.

Abstract: In the formation of a metal or metal compound coating on a face of a heated glass substrate during its forward displacement through a coating station by contacting the substrate with at least one stream of droplets comprising a substance or substances from which said coating is formed there is a problem in achieving coatings of high uniform quality.In order to help meet this problem, the droplet stream(s) 23 from spray gun(s) 20 is or are inclined downwardly and forwardly (6) or downwardly and rearwardly towards the substrate 4 and at least one jet of gas is discharged (from nozzle 22) into the environment above the substrate so that it travels in the same (forward or rearward) direction above the substrate 4 and impinges against such droplet stream(s) 23.

Abstract: Substrate of glass or other mineral material covered with a coating of SnO.sub.2 whose electrical conductivity, transparency in the visible spectrum and thermal reflectivity are very high.This coating is obtained by the technique of vapor phase chemical deposition (CVD), by reacting a volatile tin compound with water vapor in the presence of hydrogen, on the heated substrate surface. The reaction mixture may also inclue HF.The coated substrate is suitable for electrically heated glazing.

Abstract: Transparent electroconductive film having no cracks and whitening is obtained by coating on a substrate a composition comprising an inorganic indium salt, a polybasic carboxylic acid or polybasic carboxylic acid anhydride and a solvent, and calcining the coated composition at a temperature of 300.degree. to 700.degree. C. under an atmosphere containing oxygen. When a tin compound is added to the composition, sheet resistance of the transparent electroconductive film can be adjusted favorably.

Abstract: A mixture of carboxylate and diketonate coating reactants is disclosed to form a metal oxide film with essentially the same reflectance and transmittance properties as a metal oxide film formed from diketonate coating reactants alone, while providing improvement in the control of defects in the film.

Abstract: A selected part of the envelope of a fabricated electric lamp is made light-reflecting by spraying it with a coating composition that contains aluminum flakes of such minute size that they inherently arrange themselves in planar relationship and form a specular film which provides a mirror-like reflector surface as the composition dries. A protective coating of a suitable heat-resistant material, such as silicone plastic, is then sprayed over the reflective film and cured. The protective coating can also contain aluminum particles in order to fill voids that may be left in the thin specular film and to make the latter more opaque.

Abstract: There has been provided composite coatings for solar absorber surfaces wherein solar radiation impinges on one surface of the absorber and which absorber is adapted to transfer energy so received from the impinging solar radiation in the form of sensible heat to a working fluid in contact with a delivery surface therewith comprising: a smooth surface absorber substrate having a first coating of metal oxides deposited on the smooth layer which oxides are selected from the group, consisting essentially of tin, antimony, indium and iron, and a second coating of metal oxides deposited on the first coating selected from the aforementioned group for said first layer; said first and second coatings disposed so as to exhibit a relatively high absorption characteristic .alpha. of at least 0.85 in the solar wavelength range, and a relatively low emissivity characteristic .epsilon. of less than 0.2 within the wavelength range of the infrared greater than about 2 micrometers.

Abstract: A continuous layer of transparent material is formed on a base. A desired pattern of transparent electrically conductive material is included in the layer. The regions of the layer not included in the conductor pattern are insulative. The insulative material is preferably an indium oxide. Tin is preferably used as a dopant in the indium oxide to make it electrically conductive according to the desired pattern. The electrically conductive pattern is first formed in metallic tin. The tin pattern is diffused into a layer of metallic indium. The layer is then thermally oxidized to form the electrically conductive pattern as indium-tin-oxide (ITO) in indium sesquioxide, In.sub.2 O.sub.3, an insulator.

Abstract: A liquid coating composition for formation of a transparent conductive film, which comprises a solution of indium nitrate in a .beta.-diketone or a mixture of a .beta.-diketone and another organic solvent or a reaction product of indium nitrate with a .beta.-diketone, an activator and an organic solvent other than a .beta.-diketone, is disclosed.When this coating composition is coated on a substrate and the coated substrate is heat-treated at a temperature higher than about 350.degree. C., there can be obtained a transparent conductive film having excellent transparency, electrical conductivity and mechanical strength.

Abstract: Electroconductive tin oxide coatings are deposited by an airless method of spraying a liquid composition of a thermally decomposable tin compound onto a hot glass surface in order to prevent overspray of the liquid coating composition onto the opposite glass surface.

Abstract: A low cost chemical spray deposition of metal and mixed metal chalcogenides is accomplished by spray depositing an oxide film from a mixture of a salt of the metal in solution with a water soluble hydrocarbon and water solvent. This oxide film is subjected to a heat treatment in the presence of a chalcogenide gas to induce an ion exchange process transforming the metal oxide or mixed metal oxide into the chalcogenide films of the present invention.The deposition process is used to provide efficient selective absorbing surfaces for a solar thermal energy converter. The process may further be employed to produce a thin film photovoltaic device for converting light energy into electricity.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for forming films of materials which are component layers of solar energy conversion devices, e. g. photovoltaic cells and heat collector panels. A selected substrate is heated while being sprayed with solutions which react on the heated surface to form a particular film. Films of SnO.sub.x and CdS are particularly produced. According to the present invention, the spray is projected at an angle to control upstream flow and confine film formation to the substrate panel portions most suitable for forming the selected film. Various waste products are removed to minimize defects in the resulting film. Baffles are located to shield the substrate surface at selected areas and preclude the spray from impacting on the shielded areas.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for pyrolytically forming electroconductive tin oxide films having higher resistivity for a given thickness than tin oxide films formed by known methods by adding to the film forming solution an organic compound which retards the rate of film formation reducing the particle size of the tin oxide film thus increasing the resistivity of the film. Small quantities of an organic compound such as cresol or benzyl alcohol added to the film-forming solution may increase the resistivity by a factor of five for a typical film thickness.

Abstract: Highly efficient tin oxide-silicon heterojunction solar cells are prepared by heating a silicon substrate, having an insulating layer thereon, to provide a substrate temperature in the range of about 300.degree. C. to about 400.degree. C. and thereafter spraying the so-heated substrate with a solution of tin tetrachloride in a organic ester boiling below about 250.degree. C. Preferably the insulating layer is naturally grown silicon oxide layer.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of transparent electroconductive coatings on a polymeric substrate comprises:(A) contacting said substrate with a solution of a phenol compound and a chlorinated aliphatic compound,(B) removing the phenol from the surface of the substrate,(C) subjecting the substrate to phosphorus sesquisulfide to deposit phosphorus sesquisulfide in the surface thereof,(D) contacting the phosphorus sesquisulfide treated surface with a solution of a metal salt or complex thereof to form a metal-phosphorus-sulfur coating thereon.

Abstract: There is disclosed a multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having an electrical memory and capable of producing a visual display, the panel being charcterized by an ionizable gaseous medium in a gas chamber formed by a pair of opposed dielectric material charge storage members which are respectively backed by an array of conductor (electrode) members, the conductor array behind each dielectric material member being appropriately oriented with respect to the conductor array behind the opposing dielectric material member so as to define a plurality of discrete discharge volumes constituting a discharge unit, the surface of at least one dielectric material member having at least one inorganic non-oxide aluminum compound applied thereto in an amount sufficient to provide improved panel operating characteristics, especially stable panel operating voltages which do not significantly change with panel operating time.

Abstract: A process of forming a metal or metal compound coating on a face of a glass substrate by contacting such face while at elevated temperature with droplets comprising a metal compound which by pyrolysis forms the coating metal or metal compound on the face, the improvement which comprises the steps of discharging at least one stream of the droplets at an inclination to the face so as to impinge on a zone within the face area to be coated, effecting a relative displacement between the stream and substrate so that the instantaneous zone of impingement of the stream on the face is progressively displaced along the face area to be coated, and creating suction forces in exhaust ducting whose entrance is located directly downstream from the impingement zone so as to cause gases environmental to the stream to flow continuously in the downstream direction away from the stream and from the vicinity of the impingement zone and directly into the ducting substantially without affecting the paths of the droplets toward the

Abstract: A process of forming a metal or metal compound coating on a face of a glass substrate which comprises the steps of contacting such face while it is at elevated temperature with a gaseous medium containing a substance in gaseous phase, which undergoes chemical reaction or decomposition to form the metal or metal compound on the face, causing the gaseous medium to flow along the face as a substantially turbulent-free layer along a flow passage which is defined in part by the face of the glass, and drawing residual medium away from the face through exhaust ducting into which the flow passage leads.

Abstract: An amorphous, resistive thin film is deposited on internal surfaces of portions of a cathode ray tube by the pyrolysis of a liquid mixture of colloidal graphite and a heavy metal resinate to produce a film which is a mixture of graphite and the oxide of the metal. The metal resinate is a combination of tin and antimony resinate. The film is deposited on the tube neck in the region of the G3 and G4 electrodes to impede arcing. The amorphous film is also deposited on the tube funnel in the region extending from the snubber contact locations up to the anode voltage terminal. The pyrolysis of the heavy metal resinate and colloidal graphite results in a film having a resistance ranging from 10.sup.3 to 10.sup.8 ohms point to point. The amorphous film which does not require a binder, has good adhesion and scratch resistance characteristics, thereby reducing conductive particle contamination.

Abstract: This disclosure depicts a non-settling process for forming on an inner viewing surface of a color cathode ray tube faceplate, a coating of an aqueous slurry composed of an organic binder and a suspension of particulate phosphor material of distributed particle size, which coating exhibits an extraordinarily suppressed radial streaking, a high degree of coating weight uniformity, and a predictable particle size distribution.

Abstract: An electrically conductive and optically transparent coating comprising a very thin, noble metal oxide film applied to a nonconductive, transparent substrate, said noble metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, osmium and iridium. These coatings are useful as resistance heaters for windows, as optically transparent electrodes for electro-optic and electro-chemical applications, for radio frequency shieldings and a wide variety of other applications.

Abstract: A sheet of glass coated with SnO.sub.x by intermittent spraying of a mixture of materials in non-aqueous solution and in an oxidizing atmosphere, while maintaining the glass at a fixed temperature by supporting the glass in molten liquid at a controlled temperature, the spraying being conducted in successive passes involving small amounts of spray per pass, and the sheet of glass moving continuously along a pool of the molten liquid during the spraying process.

Abstract: A glare-reducing coating, as for a viewing surface of a cathode-ray tube, is prepared by (a) warming the surface of a support to about 30.degree. to 100.degree.C, (b) coating the warm surface with an aqueous solution containing a lithium stabilized silica sol, (c) drying the coating, (d) baking the dry coating at about 150.degree. to 450.degree.C, and then (e) subsequent to said heating step (d), washing the dry coating with hot water. The coating may contain carbon particles or carbon particles and a color-correcting dye.

Abstract: A large area photovoltaic cell comprising a layer of multicrystalline cadmium sulfide, about 1 to 2 microns thick, formed by simultaneously spraying two suitably selected compounds on a uniformly heated plate of Nesa glass, thereafter forming a coating of Cu.sub.2 S by spraying two suitable compounds over the cadmium sulfide layer while the latter is heated, to form a photovoltaic heterojunction, applying thereover a layer of CuSO4, and applying electrodes of Cu and Zn, respectively, to separated areas of the layer of CuSO.sub.4, and heating the cell to form a cuprous oxide rectifying junction under the copper electrode by reaction of the Cu electrode with the CuSO.sub.4, while diffusing the zinc through the body of the cell.

Abstract: A method of making low cost solar cells on a large scale basis by means of a continuous process of fabricating float glass and coating the float glass, in sequence, with tin oxide, cadmium sulphide, and copper sulphide, while the glass floats atop tanks of molten material in a furnace of proper temperature for each step of the process, the application of the coatings, in a preferred embodiment, being accomplished by depositing materials which form the coatings on contact with heated surfaces at such slow rates and, in the case of spray application, via drops of such uniformity that the float glass may (1) remain at uniform temperatures by virtue of the superior thermal conductivity of the molten material and retain those temperatures despite the abstraction of heat from the glass by evaporation of liquids and/or formation of crystalline layers, and (2) be substantially free of temperature gradients along the surface of the sheet glass.