Abstract: A method for making a field emission lamp generally includes the steps of: (a) providing a cathode emitter; (b) providing a transparent glass tube having a carbon nanotube transparent conductive film and a fluorescent layer, wherein the carbon nanotube transparent conductive film and the fluorescent layer are both disposed on an inner surface of the transparent glass tube; (c) providing a first glass feedthrough, a second glass feedthrough, and a nickel pipe, wherein the first glass feedthrough has an anode down-lead pad and an anode down-lead pole connected to the anode down-lead pad, and the second glass feedthrough has a cathode down-lead pole; (d) securing the nickel pipe to one end of the cathode emitter and securing the other end of the cathode emitter to one end of the cathode down-lead pole of the second glass feedthrough; and (e) melting and assembling the first and second glass feedthroughs to ends of the transparent glass tube respectively.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a cathode filament of an X-ray tube and an X-ray tube formed by the method wherein the filament has at least two legs and one body, the filament being a single-piece filament. Spraying at least one material on a support by plasma spraying or by another deposition technique to obtain the filament molded on the support and separating the filament obtained from the support. The filament obtained has a variable thickness and a variable composition. The thicknesses of the legs and of the body as well as the composition of the filament can be modified according to the user's needs.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed, comprising, based on the total weight of the composition, a combination of from 44 to 80 weight percent of a thermoplastic poly(butylene terephthalate); from 20 to 50 weight percent of a thermoplastic poly(ethylene terephthalate) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.5 to 0.8 deciliters per gram, measured in a 60:40 by weight phenol/1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane mixture at 23° C. using a relative viscometer operating with a closed loop system, which measures the solvent and sample viscosity simultaneously; from 5 to less than 20 weight percent of a talc filler having an average largest dimension of less than 0.9 micrometers, a median particle size of less than 0.9 micrometers, or both; and from 0.1 to 0.5 weight percent of a mold release agent. The compositions are useful in the manufacture of lighting articles, which can be directly metallized without the inclusion of a base coat.

Abstract: A system and method of coating curved substrates and assembling devices having coated elements. The system and method are of particular utility in the manufacture of lamps having a coating formed on the hermetically sealed light emitting chamber of the lamp. The system and method includes, inter alia, an improved uniform coating process and apparatus, improved throughput in the coating process, a reduction in bad coating losses, improved baking processes, and an improved method and apparatus for aligning the filament of a halogen lamp achieved by performing the step of coating of the light emitting chamber prior to the step of sealing the chamber.

Abstract: Filaments having a thin exterior tungsten phosphide layer for use in incandescent lamps are made by exposing tungsten filaments to vapors of elemental phosphorous at approximately 675.degree. to 725.degree. C. in an evacuated vacuum furnace. The tungsten phosphide layer protects the filaments from oxidation while the lamps are manufactured, and decomposes to tungsten and phosphorous when the lamp is first energized by current. The resulting elemental phosphorous acts as a gettering agent.

Abstract: The invention refers to a filament having improved emission of visible light. The emissivity of a tungsten filament is improved by depositing a layer of submicron-to-micron crystallites on the filament, the layer having substantially submicron spacing between crystallites. The crystallites being formed from tungsten or a tungsten alloy of up to 1 weight percent thorium, up to 10 weight percent of at least one of rhenium, tantalum, or niobium, and the balance substantially tungsten.

Abstract: Trace amounts of oxygen are removed from a plasma reactor by heating a filament during the times the reactor is not processing to cause the filament to react with the oxygen in the reactor, and forms an oxide of the filament material and the oxygen.

Abstract: A method for fabricating incandescent lamp filaments having surface features of submicron-to-micron sized cross sections which increase the radiative efficiency of the filament comprises depositing at least one enveloping mask layer on the filament and cutting a selected pattern into the filament by ablation with a beam of radiated energy. The desired surface features are formed on the filament by a process that includes stenciling through the selected pattern.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the manufacturing method of an indirectly heated cathode comprising the formation of a black film on the internal surface of a cathode sleeve, which contains a reducing material, the black film being formed by heat reduction of a thin film of a metal oxide, which has previously been formed on the internal surface of the cathode sleeve. The indirectly heated cathode manufactured by this method has shorter emission warm up time for the emission of electrons and lower power consumption compared with those manufactured by conventional methods.

Abstract: A filament for an indirectly heated cathode is coated with a tungsten-aluminium oxide suspension, the tungsten particles being stabilized by a chemisorbed monomolecular layer of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid such as stearic acid.

Abstract: A method of forming internal high temperature barriers in structural metals is provided. The barriers prevent movement of boundaries and dislocations inside the structural metal, and make strutural metals creep resistant at high homologous temperatures. The method comprises providing a first layer of strutural metal, implanting ions into this layer, and layering a second layer of structural metal on the ion-implanted first layer to form a laminated product. The steps of implanting and layering can be repeated an arbitrary number of times.

Abstract: A dark heater is produced by a method which comprises coating the first coating layer made of an insulating material with a suspension containing heat-resistant particles having a high thermal emissivity, such as W particles, while 0.5 to 1.5 wt. % of a volatile matter such as water remains in the first coating layer to form a dark coating layer. Since the suspension having a low viscosity can be used, the thickness of the dark coating layer can be made highly uniform and the emission characteristics of the heater can be stabilized.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heater for indirect-heated cathode having a heating element composed of a wire with a high specific resistance, such as titanium or titanium-based alloy, around which another wire with a low specific resistance is wound, and having a heat-resisting insulating material covering at least part of said heating element.

Abstract: A method for increasing the life and stability of tungsten filaments by burning the filaments in an atmosphere containing WF.sub.6. The procedure effects hot spot repair of the filaments by localized deposition of tungsten thereon.

Abstract: An improved incandescent lamp filament is described having an inner core of doped tungsten crystals with a surface layer of chemically vapor deposited undoped tungsten crystals. The inner core material exhibits the sag-resistant grain structure obtained with dispersion alloy products of tungsten whereas the unalloyed tungsten crystals in the surface layer are of a finer size and can further exhibit a preferred crystallographic orientation. Incandescent lamps utilizing said improved tungsten filaments exhibit increased vibration resistance and greater notch resistance when operated on direct current.

Abstract: An arc discharge lamp electrode is coated by applying thereto a suspension of alkaline earth compounds in a liquid vehicle of lignosulfonic acid, ammonia and ethylene glycol.

Abstract: An oxide-coated cathode for electron tubes which comprises a base metal plate made of an alloy comprising nickel as a main component and 2% by weight or more of at least one high-melting point metal, an oxide layer coated on the base metal plate comprising at least one oxide of a reducing element, a carbon coating layer coated on the oxide layer, and an alkaline earth oxide layer capable of emitting electrons coated on the carbon coating layer can maintain electron emitting life for a long period of time due to the prevention of interfacial reaction between the base metal plate and the alkaline earth oxide layer by the oxide layer and the carbon coating layer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a mercury lamp which has been found to markedly increase plant growth. The electrodes in a conventional mercury lamp are coated with an "emission material" for extending lamp life and to facilitate starting. In accordance with the invention, the mineral scheelite is added to the emission material, and some additional changes are made in the other constituents.

Abstract: An electrode of a high pressure metal-vapor lamp such as a high pressure mercury-vapor lamp including mercury and rare-gas and a high pressure sodium-vapor lamp including mercury, rare-gas and sodium, is disclosed.The electrode has an improved electron emission material containing beryllium oxide and yttrium oxide coated on the substrate of the electrode whereby the electron emission material is uniformly coated to form an electron emission material layer which is firmly bonded and the starting characteristic is excellent and the lumen maintenance is excellent.

Abstract: A method of improving the thermal emmissivity of a cathode heater wire to allow lower temperature operation of the heater without an attendant lowering in the cathode operating temperature, in which method the surface of a tungsten or molybdenum wire is oxidized, then coated with a salt of a refractory metal, and finally heated to reduce the salt and oxide to their metallic forms thereby causing the heater wire to be roughened and darkened.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing an improved hot filament, arc type ion source is disclosed. The arc type ion source utilizes a filament having a carburized surface layer and/or means to provide a hydrocarbon gas containing atmosphere about said filament. The method includes providing an atmosphere containing a hydrocarbon gas about said filament so that the filament can be continuously carburized as part of the ion source.

Abstract: The coiled tungsten filament of an incandescent lamp is made more resistant to sagging by exposing the filament to a vaporized phosphorus atmosphere so as to form tungsten monophosphide on the filament. The filament is subsequently heated in order to dissociate the tungsten monophosphide and evaporate the phosphorus therefrom.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the deposition of a coating on a substrate by reacting vaporized chemicals on contact with a heated surface to deposit a coating. According to the invention, the deposition surface is cleaned and coated in a single stage reactor. Means are also provided--where a boron deposit is wanted--to deposit an amorphous boron coating on the deposition surface.

Abstract: Tungsten-halogen lamps of extended life are obtained by coating internal surfaces of the discharge tube and exposed surfaces of internal components with metal phosphate or arsenate glasses. The preferred glass is aluminium titanium phosphate. The coatings may be formed by applying a liquid composition capable of generating the desired phosphate or arsenate to the surfaces to be coated, and subsequently heating them to remove the liquid medium and form a vitreous coating. The medium may be water or an organic solvent such as an alcohol, and may contain a dissolved compound of the metal and an oxyacid of phosphorus or arsenic.

Abstract: Improved, more reliable activation of a thin wire emitter for field ionization and field desorption mass spectrometry is provided by controlled preroughening of the emitter wire prior to growing semiconducting microneedles on the wire surface.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a cathode filament of an X-ray tube and an X-ray tube formed by the method wherein the filament has at least two legs and one body, the filament being a single-piece filament. Spraying at least one material on a support by plasma spraying or by another deposition technique to obtain the filament molded on the support and separating the filament obtained from the support. The filament obtained has a variable thickness and a variable composition. The thicknesses of the legs and of the body as well as the composition of the filament can be modified according to the user's needs.