Abstract: A multiple coating composition is utilized to provide oxidation resistance for carbon or graphite articles during use in high temperature environments. A method for applying the composition is also provided.

Abstract: A high strength, high coefficient of thermal expansion fine-grained isotropic graphite article produced from 30% to 70% of attritor milled gilsonite coke or other high CTE carbon filler particles and minor amounts of a binder such a coal tar pitch and petroleum pitch, the article being formed by warm isostatic molding at a temperature of between 50.degree. C. and 70.degree. C. under a pressure between 100 and 1000 psi for a time between 1 and 10 minutes. The particle size of the fillers ranges up to 150 microns.

Abstract: An anode for electrolytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide is made by coating an lectrode of a graphite-like carbon material with a layer of cokable organic material such as sugar, phenolic resin, and asphalt pitch, heating the coated electrode body in an inert atmosphere to a temperature of between 400.degree. to 800.degree. C. and thereafter heating the coated electrode to a temperature in the range of 1400.degree. to 2000.degree. C., so that the material is first coked on the graphite to produce a porous flow-through electrode body which, thereafter, is heated to a higher temperature, followed by cooling.

Abstract: The disclosed electrode includes an electroconductive substrate and an electron-transfer catalyst immobilized on the conductive support surface by being covalently bonded thereto via a linking ligand. The link (ligand) used to covalently bond the catalyst to the support surface can be either electrically conductive or non-conductive.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a molded article from a ceramic material, such as a porcelain substance, in which a design or decorative substance is applied to at least one of the surfaces of the article, a certain amount of the ceramic material is introduced into a mold cavity formed between mold parts. The material is distributed in the cavity and then is pressed. The decorative substance is applied to the surface of at least one of the mold parts before the parts are closed to form the mold cavity. The decorative substance is then transferred to the molded article during the pressing operation.

Abstract: A coating is provided which substantially lengthens the life of carbon and graphite electrodes used in electrical arc processes for the manufacture of ferrous metals. The coating forms a silica-phosphorus glass upon the electrodes.

Abstract: This invention relates to electrolytic reduction cells for aluminum production wherein tiles have been placed upon the cathode surfaces to improve the cell operation. These tiles have aluminum-wettable surfaces, which reduce electrical losses and increase cathode life. The tiles are produced from a mixture of refractory hard metal (RHM), a thermosetting resin, carbonaceous fillers and carbonaceous additives. The tiles are physically formed, polymerized and/or cross linked, and carbonized to form a tile which can be inserted into a cell. The tile may have the RHM homogeneously dispersed throughout the tile structure, or it may have the RHM concentrated in layered form.

Abstract: An improved gas diffusion electrode is produced by coating the carbon particles of carbon black substantially uniformly with a sugar char prior to the activation of the carbon.

Abstract: A particle suitable for use as an electrode material comprising a substrate at least partially coated with an admixture of a hydrophobic material and an electrochemically active, electrically conductive catalyst.The invention includes a method for producing the coated particles.

Abstract: Referring to FIG. 1, a method for making an improved electrode 15 having a gold coating 9 for use in the anode compartment 12 of a REDOX cell 10 is described. The anode fluid utilizes a chromic/chromous couple.The flow chart FIG. 2 illustrates the method wherein a carbon felt is soaked in methanol, rinsed in water, dried and then heated in KOH after which it is again washed in deionized water and dried.The felt is then moistened with a methanol-water solution containing chloroauric acid and is stored in a dark place while still in contact with the gold-containing solution.After all the gold-containing solution is absorbed by the felt, the latter is dried by heat and then heat-treated at a substantially greater temperature. The felt is now suitable for use as an electrode and is wetted with water or up to 2 molar HCl prior to installation in a REDOX cell.The two curves on the far right of FIG. 3 illustrate the low hydrogen evolution of the improved electrode.

Abstract: A carbon-metal phosphate composite comprises a carbon body having a glassy metal metaphosphate distributed therethrough and coating the surface thereof, wherein said metal metaphosphate is a product of the reaction between a metal salt and a nonionic organophosphorus ester. The composite is characterized by an improved resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures and a decreased coefficient of friction as compared to carbon bodies.

Abstract: Titanium diboride graphite composite articles are produced by mixing TiO.sub.2, petroleum coke and a binder to form a plastic dispersion. Articles are shaped by molding or extrusion and baked to carbonize the binder to form a baked carbon-TiO.sub.2 composite. The article is impregnated with a molten or dispersed boron compound, then heated to drive TiB.sub.2 forming reaction. The article is then further heated to a graphitizing temperature to form a graphite-TiB.sub.2 composite useful as a cathode component in a Hall aluminum reduction cell.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing diamond wherein hydrogen gas which has passed through a micro-wave non-electrode discharge and mixed with hydrocarbon gas, or a mixture gas consisting of hydrocarbon and hydrogen after its passing through a micro-wave non-electrode discharge, is introduced onto the surface of a substrate heated to a temperature of from 300.degree. to 1300.degree. C. to decompose hydrocarbon in its energetically activated state for the diamond deposition.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to preparing deashed, precious metal catalyst-containing, partially fluorinated active carbon particles of the formula CF.sub.x, where x ranges from 0.l to about 0.18, preferably using either platinum or silver as the catalyzing material, which can be incorporated into an active layer component of a gas electrode, e.g., an oxygen (air) cathode suitable for use in a chlor-alkali electrolytic cell for producing chlorine and caustic while conserving electrical energy. These particles are deashed to have a B.E.T. surface area of at least 600 m.sup.2 /g and contain less than about 4 weight percent ash. Active electrode layers containing such particles demonstrate an unusually desirable combination of resistance to corrosion, retention of conductive properties and retention of catalytic surface area.

Abstract: This invention relates to nitrides, oxides, arsenides, borides, phosphides, tellurides, titanates, silicides, carbides, etc. of metals or metalloids, such as or in their compacted forms, as substrates or base elements. These can be readily joined with various other substrates employing as a coating, film, layer or interlayer former a tin, lead, indium, or alloys thereof, in an admixture with a carbide or carbonyl former and joining the substrate or base in a carbon monoxide atmosphere with the coating, etc. former.

Abstract: A process for reducing high temperature oxidation of graphite electrodes for steel making by coating the electrodes with a siloxane fluid, such as dimethylpolysiloxane. Silicon carbide particles can be suspended in the siloxane fluid to improve coating characteristics.

Abstract: A diamond body is heated in an environment of vacuum of inert gas containing a small amount of oxygen at a predetermined elevated temperature to allow the carbon atoms of the surface areas to form a layer of graphite on the diamond body. The diamond body is then lapped so that the graphite layer is shaped into the form of a stylus electrode.

Abstract: As an article for manufacture, a tin, lead, indium, and alloys of each, admixed with a carbide or carbonyl former, for forming these with said tin, lead and indium, and their alloys into an "active" alloy form; these "active" alloy forms are suitable for making wettable carbon, graphite, diamond, sapphire, alumina, metal carbide, quartz, silicon metal, etc., composites which will not dewet upon heating but form strong bonds; methods for preparing said composites of various shapes, layers, coatings, and sandwiches; alloys, preforms and various metal-graphite, diamond, sapphire, alumina, metal carbide, quartz, silicon metal etc., structures also disclosed.

Abstract: As an article for manufacture, a tin, lead, indium, alloys of each with a carbide or carbonyl former in an admixture for forming said tin, lead and indium, wettable graphite composites which will not dewet upon heating; methods for preparing the composites of various shapes, layers, coatings, and sandwiches, of alloys, preforms and metal-graphite etc, structures are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention concerns cathodes for alumina reduction cells, particularly drained cathodes, which present a refractory surface for contacting molten aluminum on the cell floor. This invention also concerns materials for constructing such cathodes.The cathodes described comprise a carbonaceous bed, preferably a graphite bed, and a composite tile. This tile is characterized by a layer of a refractory hard metal (RHM) material bonded to a base layer of a graphitic material, where the RHM layer comprises a hot pressed mixture of titanium diboride and aluminum nitride powders. The tile is further characterized by the bond between the RHM layer and the graphitic base layer, such bond having been produced simultaneously as the RHM layer is formed by hot pressing the mixture of titanium diboride and aluminum nitride powders directly against the graphitic base layer.

Abstract: In a process for producing carbon or graphite articles, baked carbonaceous articles are impregnated with an aqueous solution of lignin sulfonate complex prior to carbonization or graphitization. The carcinogenic effects of conventional impregnants are eliminated, and impregnation temperatures are lowered significantly.

Abstract: A method for making an electrochemical cell electrode involves depositing a layer of dry carbon/hydrophobic polymer powder on the surface of a substrate by dispersing the powder as a cloud in a chamber over the substrate and pulling the powder onto the substrate by drawing a vacuum under the substrate. The electrode is subsequently compacted and sintered. Typically the carbon component of the powder is catalyzed, such as with platinum. Thus, the method is for applying a catalyst layer on an electrode substrate. The method is particularly adapted to the high speed manufacture of electrodes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing a cathodic electrocatalyst where the cathode is a bed of porous particles having HO.sub.2.sup.- disproportionation catalyst dispersed on the surfaces and pores thereof.

Abstract: A method of protecting carbon-containing component parts of metallurgical units from oxidation comprises impregnating a component part with orthophosphoric acid to form a glassy mass in the pores of the component part when the latter is heated, drying the component part until the moisture is removed from the pores thereof, additionally impregnating the component part with an elemental organic compound comprising an element: Si, or Ti, or Al and capable of forming a phosphate, and heating the impregnated component part to the temperature at which phosphates are formed.

Abstract: A method for making an electrochemical cell electrode involves depositing a layer of dry carbon/hydrophobic polymer floc powder on the surface of a substrate by dispersing the powder as a cloud in a chamber over the substrate and pulling the powder onto the substrate by drawing a vacuum under the substrate. The electrode is subsequently compacted and sintered. Typically the carbon component of the floc is catalyzed, such as with platinum. Thus, the method is for applying a catalyst layer on an electrode substrate. The method is particularly adapted to the high speed manufacture of electrodes.

Abstract: An electrically conductive composition and method for making same is disclosed. The composition includes a uniform mixture of electrically conductive particles comprising pyrolytic carbon doped or coated with a component taken from Group III-VIII elements of the Periodic Table and a curable, non-conducting polymer binder.

Abstract: Resistance-heated vaporization boats for the vacuum vaporization of metals, such as aluminum, chromium, copper or the like, are made by machining a boat cavity in at least one side of a graphite bar. The bar is totally encapsulated over its entire outer surface, including the boat cavity, with a continuous coating of pyrolytic boron nitride (PBN). The PBN coating is removed from areas at both ends of the bar to provide electrical contact zones for connecting the bar to a power source. The sides and ends of the boat cavity have smooth contours without sharp corners and the ends of the cavity have a hemispherical configuration to resist longitudinal expansion of the PBN coating thereby preventing separation of the PBN coating from the surface of the graphite bar. The PBN coating is deposited from a gas at a temperature of 1750.degree. C. to 2300.degree. C. and has a thickness of at least 0.010 inch.

Abstract: An apparatus for the automated coating of graphite electrodes comprises a carriage shiftable parallel to the coating apparatus between a station in which the graphite electrode is preheated and a station in which the preheated electrode is positioned opposite the coating station onto which the electrode is then gripped between a pair of contacts and rotated at variable speeds while all of the coating and surfaces treatment tools on a carriage flanking the electrode are brought into play successively by reciprocation of the tool carriage alongside the electrode.

Abstract: A method of prolonging the useful life of a partially consumed electric arc furnace electrode which comprises holding the electrode in a fixed position, moving a plurality of electrode protection sheets substantially radially of the major axis of the electrode towards the electrode and pressing the sheets into contact with the electrode for a sufficient time to adhere the sheets to the surface of the electrode.A frame adapted to receive at least a portion of the electrode, a plurality of carriages each reciprocable in a direction radial of the major axis of the electrode, when located in the frame, each carriage being adapted to support a protective sheet, means to urge each carriage towards the electrode, and a plurality of rollers mounted on the frame each rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the plane including the centers of the rollers and the longitudinal axis of the electrode, and each roller being biased toward the electrode.

Abstract: The pores of the carbon material of a carbon electrode are filled and coated with a hardened polyurethane resin wherein the outer surface of the electrode is uncoated.

Abstract: An improved process for providing a bond between carbon substrates using particles of a thermally stable solid is described. In particular, a laminate of a porous carbon substrate and a relatively non-porous carbon substrate using finely divided particles of a thermally stable solid which are in contact with and between both substrates is heated in the presence of a carbonizable gas, such as methane, in a chamber such that the gas contacts the carbon substrates and the particles so that a mutual coating of pyrolytic carbon is deposited on the exposed surfaces of all components and bonds them together. More than two carbon substrates can be bonded using the particles as interlayers between the substrates. The pyrolytic carbon coated composite products are particularly useful as electrodes.

Abstract: An improved method of making a fuel cell electrode wherein a thin carbonized paper-like substrate is first impregnated with an electrolyte-repelling material, and thereafter a thin layer of catalyst material is screen printed thereupon.

Abstract: An electrically conductive article comprises an insulating material, preferably polyurethane or a similar plastic material, with a plurality of thinly coated electrically conductive fibers dispersed randomly and uniformly therethrough. The fibers are thinly coated with a lubricating cohesive silicone oil or equivalent material which adheres to the fibers and repels the insulating material, thereby preventing encapsulation of the fibers and rendering the coated fibers mutually attractive to define conductive paths through the article even at extremely low fiber loadings.

Abstract: In an apparatus for coating cylindrical graphite bodies, a pair of shafts are arranged in a closely spaced apart relationship with their respective axes lying close to the horizontal in respective parallel planes and slightly tilted in opposite directions in those planes, so that the shafts cross one another with none of their surfaces being parallel and form between them a guideway for a graphite body to be coated, the rotation of the shafts in the same sense causing the body to advance to a coating station arranged alongside the shafts and electrodes positioned above the guideway to form a coating-bonding electric arc with the body, which is supplied current through the shafts. The rotation of the shafts is reversible for advancing the graphite body back and forth past the coating station for the application of multilayered coatings.

Abstract: Thin layers of polycrystalline n-type GaAs have been deposited on a conducting substrate such as graphite. These contacted GaAs layers exhibit desirable properties for device applications, i.e., adequate cohesion between the GaAs and the substrate, good electrical contact to the conducting substrate, and good nucleation of the GaAs on the substrate yielding pinhole free or near pinhole free GaAs layers composed of large grains. These properties are obtained by first depositing a very thin coating, a coating with a nominal thickness between 1000 A and 250 A, of a Group IV element, Ge, Si, or Sn, onto the conducting substrate and then depositing the GaAs over this thin layer.

Abstract: The minute pores and discontinuities which are normally present in protective oxide coatings on carbon bodies can be closed and, if desired, filled by immersing the coated carbon body in a metal salt melt having a boiling point above 400.degree. C., and electrodepositing the melt on the coated carbon body. When the electrodeposition step is continued sufficiently long to fill the pores, the product when cool is a coated carbon body carrying an oxidation agent-resistant coating which is keyed into the surface of the carbon.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is the preparation of thin films of tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium or osmium on a high-temperature resistant substrate by thermal evaporation in a high vacuum, wherein the oxides of these high-temperature-resistant metals are evaporated simultaneously with a reduction metal in a manner such that the oxide molecules and the metal atoms or molecules impinge together on the surface of the substrate heated to a predetermined temperature and react with each other there chemically, so that the high-temperature-resistant metal oxides are reduced and the reduction metals are oxidized. In this process, the high-temperature-resistant metal is deposited on the surface of the substrate, and the oxides of the reduction metals evaporate, either completely or partially, and are pumped off.

Abstract: A one-component magnetic developer powder for developing an electrostatic latent image formed according to an electrophotographic process comprising non-agglomerative essentially spherical members consisting essentially of plastics binder, magnetic particles and first electric conductive particles dispersed therein, and second electric conductive particles embedded on a spherical surface of the member, the resistivity of the surface layer of the powder being less than that of the inner portion.The developer powder according to the present invention has a good electrical uniformity and the flowability of the developer powder is very good. Productivity of the same is also very good.

Abstract: Fuel cell electrodes of uniform quality are made on a continuous basis using screen printing. A wet floc is first made by floccing a co-suspension of carbon and hydrophobic polymer. The floc is dried, reduced to a fine powder, and re-suspended in an inking vehicle. The ink is then screen printed onto a porous substrate and the inking vehicle is removed such as by heating. The layer is compacted, sintered, and then catalyzed such as with platinum.

Abstract: A graphite electrode for use in spectroscopic analysis in which at least the region of the electrode intended for contact with the material to be analyzed has a layer comprising the heat reaction product of graphite with a salt of a refractory metal and a salt of an alkali earth metal.

Abstract: A foraminous sheet of carrier substrate is contacted, by full or partial immersion, with a bath of molten silicon to form a sheet of material in which the foramina are filled with silicon and at least one surface of the sheet is coated with silicon. The coated sheet is suitable for use in forming a photovoltaic cell.

Abstract: A foraminous sheet of carrier substrate is formed by immersing the sheet in a bath of molten silicon. After cooling, the coated sheet is suitable for use in making a photovoltaic cell.

Abstract: A foraminous sheet of carrier substrate is contacted, by full or partial immersion, with a bath of molten silicon to form a sheet of material in which the foramina are filled with silicon and at least one surface of the sheet is coated with silicon. The coated sheet is suitable for use in forming a photovoltaic cell.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of making a high strength-high modulus boron filament on a carbon substrate which is coated with pyrolytic graphite. Boron is deposited over the pyrolytic graphite. A preferred method of making such a filament citing specific pyrolytic graphite deposition temperatures is described.

Abstract: An assembly, useful in producing a carbon fiber-reinforced metal, of a plurality of carbon fibers each coated with a matrix metal layer, the fibers having bonded points at the metal layers to form a two-dimensional network structure or both a two-dimensional network structure and a three-dimensional network structure, produced advantageously by an ion plating process or a vacuum deposition process.

Abstract: A process for impregnating carbon resistors used in the telephony art to reduce or eliminate dusting of carbon particles during arcing, thereby permitting gap distances to be accurately maintained, and the useful life of the electrodes to be extended. The process includes the immersion of completed electrodes into a water solution of polyethylene glycol, whereby the solution is absorbed between the carbon granules, following which the water vehicle is allowed to evaporate, leaving a thin coating of glycol which binds the carbon granules together without significantly altering the resistive qualities of the carbon.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing semiconductor devices comprising a layer of semiconductor material, comprising the steps of providing a strip-shaped solid substrate having a main surface and providing a solid support having a substantially horizontal surface and comprising a substantially floating liquid mass of such semiconductor material on the substantially horizontal surface, the main surface being wettable by the liquid semiconductor material. The liquid mass is contacted with the main surface of said substrate, onto which substrate the layer of semiconductor material is to be provided, the substrate is moved in its longitudinal direction along and in contact with said liquid mass so that a liquid layer of said semiconductor material is formed on said strip and taken along with it, and the liquid layer is substantially progressively solidified.

Abstract: A carbon graphite material for brushes of electric machines contains ultraphosphates of metals which are sealed by film-forming polymers. The material is impregnated in a mixture of a metal chloride with an aqueous solution of orthophosphoric acid and heat treated to form ultraphosphates of metals evenly distributed throughout the entire volume of the material. The material is then impregnated in a film-forming polymer resin solution, which enhances the contact characteristics of the material, and again heat treated till the resin is fully polymerized. As a result, the ultraphosphates which have formed earlier in the material, are sealed, thus becoming hydrolytically stable; at the same time, the contact characteristics of the material improve generally, the material becoming highly wear resistant, capable of operating within a wide range of temperatures, pressures and humidity.

Abstract: A process for producing large-size, substrate-based semiconductor material of silicon deposited on a substrate body from the gaseous phase, which comprises the steps of heating a substrate body by direct current passage to deposition temperature, contacting said body with a gaseous silicon-containing mixture to which a dopant has been added, until a deposit having a thickness from about 10 to 200 .mu.m has been formed, subsequently melting 80 to 100% of the deposited silicon layer from the free surface downward, and resolidifying the molten silicon by adjustment of a temperature gradient from the substrate body upward. Large-sized plates obtained by cutting up the semiconductor material are used as solar cells.

Abstract: An aluminum coated carbon article or composite, and process therefor having aluminum chemically bonded to carbon via an interface of a metal monocarbide formed in situ when an intermetallic phase comprising aluminum and a metal capable of reacting with carbon to form a metal carbide is reduced by carbon to aluminum and a metal carbide, the metal selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium and hafnium.