Abstract: A method for making a carbon-graphite component of the type adapted for use in an electrochemical cell is disclosed. The precursor sheet structure for the component contains cellulose and purified graphite powder which provides certain advantages during processing and in the final products.

Abstract: Production of electrically conductive composites comprising a dielectric porous substance, e.g., fiberglass fabric, and a pyrrole polymer in the pores of such substance, by treating the porous substance with a liquid pyrrole, and then treating the resulting porous substance with a solution of a strong oxidant in the presence of a non-nucleophilic anion, such as ferric chloride. The pyrrole monomer is oxidized to a pyrrole polymer, which precipitates in the interstices of the porous material. Alternatively, the dielectric porous material can first be treated with a solution of strong oxidant and non-nucleophilic anion followed by treatment with liquid pyrrole, to precipitate an electrically conductive polypyrrole in the pores of the material. The resulting composite of porous material, e.g., fiberglass fabric, containing polypyrrole is electrically conductive while the other properties of such impregnated conductive porous material are substantially unaffected.

Abstract: A track recording support for recording devices is suggested with a support (10) made of paper or plastic on which a metallic coating (12) is mounted by means of evaporation and being able to be burned off by means of recording electrodes, in particular an aluminum coating. A lubricant in a finely dispersed form is added to contrast coating (11) for reducing of scratching and grinding traces on the surface of metal coating (12) which reaches metal coating (12) and the freely exposed surface thereof by means of diffusion. Preferably, the lubricant is fed to the contrast substance in a powdery form before the processing of the same. On the one hand, it acts in a physical point of view by a reduction of the slide friction on the surface and, on the other hand, in a chemical point of view in that it substantially prevents the build up of combustion residues from the contrast layer on the recording electrodes.

Abstract: Electroerosion recording materials are provided with a surface lubricant film of particulate lubricating nonconductive graphite fluoride and optional conductive materials in a polymeric binder. The lubricating agents reduce stylus scratching of the conductive layer during electroerosion printing, improve contrast, provide a beneficial coating on the writing electrode or stylus and improve the handling and writing characteristics of the recording material. The lubricating agents/polymer films are especially useful (1) where the substrate of the recording material is light transmissive and, after the electroerosion process, the resulting product is suitable for direct-negative applications and (2) where direct offset masters are produced by removal of noneroded lubricant film.

Abstract: Electroerosion recording materials of superior scratch resistance are provided without the need for a lubricant overcoat by incorporating a hard, lubricating hydrophobic polymer layer between the support and the removable, thin conductive layer to reduce plastic deformation of the support under stylus writing pressure. The intermediate polymer layer provides a highly adhering surface for the overlying aluminum film and contains graphite fluoride and/or fluorocarbon resins such as Teflon.RTM. and hard particles such as silica. The materials may be used in various printing processes including making directly readable images, direct negatives and wear resistant offset printing masters.

Abstract: The electrical conductivity of solid, impregnable materials, such as cellulose-based insulating materials, can be increased by supplying to the solid impregnable material a substance with the ability, during polymerization of a pyrrole compound comprising at least one of the substances pyrrole and N-methylpyrrole, to give a polymer with higher electrical conductivity than the solid impregnable material, as well as a pyrrole compound of the kind stated, whereafter the pyrrole compound is transformed into a polymer in the solid, impregnable material.

Abstract: A multilayer electric discharge recording material comprising an electrically anisotropic support layer disposed on one surface of a conductive layer and a transfer layer disposed on the other surface of the conductive layer. The transfer layer comprises a material that has a melting point between about 25.degree. and 150.degree. C. and that is capable of melting and adhering to a receiving medium such that a desired pattern or image can be formed and recorded on the receiving sheet.

Abstract: A method and chemical solutions for use in increasing the surface and volume conductivities of a cellophane substrate. The substrate can be used for dielectric copying or any other purpose for which a through-conductive substrate is required.

Abstract: A printing apparatus employing a print head comprising a plurality of thin wire print electrodes mounted in a single plane and held in a closely-spaced row by an electrically insulating resilient material so that the wires are individually movable out of the planar alignment to a limited extent with respect to the other wires in the array. A relatively rigid backing member is provided to support the electrode array and the print head is mounted in a relatively fixed position relative to the print ribbon and a predetermined pressure is produced between the print head and the electrothermal print ribbon during printing operations.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for fabricating electrosensitive paper with a white finish. The paper comprises a base layer of paper, a solvent-based resin coating, and a thin surface layer of aluminum, optionally including a white overcoat. A mixture of solvents may be employed having different evaporation rates, providing a white appearance of the metallized layer. The solvent mixture may include a relatively volatile true solvent, and a less volatile diluent. After application of the resin coating in solution to the paper base, the solvents may be evaporated using a three-stage drying process in which the first stage involves an elevated temperature with turbulent air flow.

Abstract: Electrically conductive paper is coated with an insulating coating comprising an organic solvent-soluble solution copolymer of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising from about 1% to about 8% of copolymerized acrylamide or a monoethylenic derivative thereof in combination with from 4% to 10% of copolymerized monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid including from 1/4th to 3/4ths of methacrylic acid based on total carboxylic acid monomer.

Abstract: A process for making an electrographic recording material which comprises applying to a conductive support an electrically insulating layer comprising an intimate blend of a vinyl ester interpolymer latex and up to 500 parts of an inert finely divided pigment per 100 parts by weight of latex interpolymer. The vinyl ester interpolymer comprises about 3 to about 7 weight percent of carboxylic acid groups supplied by an interpolymerized C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 vinylene monobasic carboxylic acid monomer.

Abstract: A discharge recording material produced by successively forming a colored layer comprising mainly carbonblack and a binder, a deposited metal layer and optionally a protective layer on a support is provided. In particular, the discharge recording material wherein said carbonblack being carbonblack aggregates obtained by pretreating carbonblack particles with a plasticizer is provided.

Abstract: An electrically conductive element comprises a support (perferably a flexible continous polymeric film) and fibrous material (preferably a spun glass fiber web) which is partially embedded in the support and partially protruding therefrom, the protruding fibrous material being part of a conductive layer comprising randomly distributed fibers having conductive material adhered thereto. The element can be prepared from a conductive composition containing conductive particles dispersed in a liquid medium (preferably an aqueous dispersion of carbon particles) by applying said composition to a substrate comprising a support and fibrous material which is partially embedded in one surface of the support and partially protruding therefrom, and then drying to evaporate the liquid medium. The elements are particularly useful as heating elements which comprise electrodes so that current can be passed through the conductive layer.

Abstract: An electrostatic recording member comprising a recording layer, an electrically conductive layer and a support, wherein the electrically conductive layer is composed of from 2 to 40 parts by weight of electrically conductive micro-fine powder dispersed in from 60 to 98 parts by weight of an organic polymer binder, and has a surface resistivity of 10.sup.6 to 10.sup.8 Ohms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for improving the thermal stability and dielectric integrity of a cellulosic web product. The cellulosic web is impregnated with a nitrogen donor compound such that the web contains not less than 0.2% by weight of the compound and thereafter impregnated with an aqueous vegetable protein solution at a pH of not less than about 8.5.

Abstract: Electrically conductive paper is coated with an insulating coating which is an aqueous latex of an aqueous emulsion copolymer of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising from 5% to 40% of copolymerized acrylamide or a monoethylenic derivative thereof, preferably isobutoxymethyl acrylamide. A proportion of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is preferably included in the copolymer.

Abstract: An electrographic recording material comprising a conductive paper support coated with an electrically insulating layer comprising an intimate blend of a vinyl ester interpolymer latex and up to 500 parts of an inert finely divided pigment per 100 parts by weight of latex interpolymer. The vinyl ester interpolymer comprises about 3 to about 7 weight percent of carboxylic acid groups supplied by an interpolymerized C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 vinylene monobasic carboxylic acid monomer.

Abstract: An electrostatic recording medium comprising a support, a conductive layer formed on one surface of the support and made of zinc oxide dispersed in a combination of a cationic polyelectrolyte and a non-conductive binder resin, and a dielectric layer formed on the conductive layer. The cationic polyelectrolyte is contained in an amount of not smaller than 30% by weight of the total of the polyelectrolyte and the binder resin.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of electrostatic masters, and product prepared thereby, said masters having improved water and pick resistance for lithographic printing. The method comprises applying a barrier coat formulation to a substrate wherein the formulation contains an aqueous dispersion of a copolymer of at least about 60% ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer having non-polar functionality and about 3 to about 40% of a polymerizable olefinically unsaturated monomer having polar functionality.

Abstract: An electrostatic record material comprising an electroconductive base sheet and a record layer formed on the base sheet and composed mainly of insulating resin, the record material being characterized in that the electroconductive base sheet has an electroconductive layer comprising (1) electron conductive particles produced by coating the particles of an inorganic compound with an electroconductive substance consisting of stannic oxide and a small amount of antimony and (2) a water-soluble adhesive composed of salts of a copolymer of at least 20 mole % of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid monomer.

Abstract: Finely divided, electrically-conductive particles are penetrated into an annular region located at the periphery of the sheath component of a drawn melt-spun sheath/core bicomponent fibre. The electrically conductive particles are present in an amount sufficient to render the fibre with an electrical resistance of less than 5.times.10.sup.9 ohms/cm. The fibre exhibits durable anti-static properties.

Abstract: An electrographic recording material comprising a conductive sheet support coated with an electrically insulating layer comprising an intimate blend of a polymeric binder and from about 200 to about 1000 parts of an inert finely divided pigment per 100 parts by weight of polymeric binder. The binder is a low molecular weight interpolymer comprising interpolymerized monovinyl aromatic monomer, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 allylic alcohol and optionally an ester of a C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 allylic alcohol and a monovalent carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Electrically conducting fibers are prepared by introducing cyanic groups into a synthetic or natural starting fiber and then subjecting the fiber to a heat treatment with a copper compound, a reducing agent capable of reducing bivalent copper ions to monovalent copper ions, and a sulfur-containing compound capable of discharging a sulfur atom or sulfur ion for reaction with monovalent copper ions adsorbed by the fiber so that copper sulfide is impregnated into the fibers. Heat treatment with the sulfur-containing compound can be simultaneous with or separate from heat treatment with the copper compound and reducing agent. The electrically conducting fibers of the present invention have excellent conductivity, improved washability and are not plagued by the problem of static charging associated with the starting synthetic or natural fiber.

Abstract: An electrographic recording material comprising a conductive sheet support coated with an electrically insulating layer comprising an intimate blend of a polymeric binder and from about 200 to about 1000 parts of an inert finely divided pigment per 100 parts by weight of polymeric binder. The binder contains a major proportion of a low molecular weight interpolymer comprising a monovinyl aromatic monomer, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 allylic alcohol and optionally a monocarboxylic acid ester of a C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 allylic alcohol, and a minor proportion of high molecular weight interpolymer.

Abstract: A reactive dielectric record material is disclosed which comprises certain chromogenic material and certain phenolic material. This record material produces images by means of a dielectric process wherein two color-forming agents contained within a reactive image-bearing surface are brought into reactive, color-producing contact by means of colorless toner material.

Abstract: An improved dielectric printing paper and process for making the same, characterized by excellent resolution, contrast, and feel. The paper incorporates an inorganic salt such as magnesium chloride as a conductivity-providing ingredient. The dielectric coating is formed with a high loading of inorganic fillers and is applied by a dry process to form a discontinuous dielectric coating on the conductive paper substrate.

Abstract: An electrostatic recording element which is capable of forming clear images thereon independently from the temperature and humidity of the ambient atmosphere, and of being stored for a long period of time without deterioration thereof, which comprises:(a) a substrate comprising paper or a synthetic polymer film;(b) a conductive layer located on a surface of said substrate and comprising (1) powdered electroconductive zinc oxide which has been doped with a member selected from the group consisting of aluminium, copper and tin, and which has a specific resistivity of from 1.times.10.sup.-1 to 1.times.10.sup.2 ohm-cm, under a pressure of 150 kg/m.sup.2, (2) an organic fluorescent brightening agent in an amount of from 0.1 to 2.

Abstract: Substrates prepared from chemically inert organic fibers that are non-wettable are rendered wettable by mechanically attached coatings of hydrophilic inorganic particles. The resulting inorganic-organic composites are suitable for use as separators in alkaline storage cells.

Abstract: An image-receiving sheet for receiving a particle image electrostatically formed on a photoconductive surface and for fixing thereon a dye-image obtained by developing a sublimable dye former contained in the image particles. The sheet comprises a support member, color developing layer disposed on the support member and a dielectric layer disposed on the color developing layer. The color forming layer contains a developer material for developing the sublimable dye former. The dielectric layer exhibits in a low humidity range, a surface resistivity high enough to electrostatically retain the particle on the surface thereof and also exhibits adhesion high enough to adhesively retain the particles in high humidity range where the surface resistivity is below the required value for retaining the particles.

Abstract: An electrostatic particle collector comprising a pair of spaced, parallel, paper collector electrodes. Each electrode has a narrow high conductive region adjacent one side and a wide low conductive region in contact with the narrow high conductive region. The regions are formed by impregnating the paper electrodes with varying concentrations of a conductive material such as graphite. The narrow high conductive region of one electrode is disposed opposite and spaced from the wide low conductive region of the other electrode of the pair.

Abstract: An electrostatic master having improved water, cockle and pick resistance for lithographic printing, and method for making the same, comprising a base, a barrier coat applied to said base, and a photoconductive layer containing a photoconductive material and binder applied to said barrier coat. The barrier coat preferably comprises a copolymer of at least 60% ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer having non-polar functionality and about 3 to about 40% of a polymerizable olefinically unsaturated monomer having polar functionality. The barrier coat preferably contains about 2.5 to about 50% plastic particles based on the weight of the barrier coat. The barrier coat achieves improved water resistance at low coat weights, and thus can be applied without substantial change in conductivity.

Abstract: Electrically conductive paper is coated with an insulating coating to provide improved electrographic properties using a solvent-soluble copolymer comprising from 5% to 40% of copolymerized acrylamide or a monoethylenic derivative thereof. The coating is preferably pigmented with calcium carbonate, and the presence of the copolymerized acrylamide allows an increase in the pigment to binder ratio into the range of from 2:1 to 6:1.

Abstract: An electrostatic imaging sheet wherein one side of the sheet, e.g. paper, is electrically conductive and the other side of the sheet has a continuous dielectric layer comprising a mixture of a smectite clay e.g. a synthetic hectorite swelling clay and an electrically insulating polymer, preferably in particle form. The dielectric layer may comprise a layer of a smectite clay which forms a barrier between the electrically conductive layer and the layer of insulating polymer.The invention is also a dielectric coating composition comprising a mixture of electrically insulating polymer in aqueous dispersion and a water dispersible smectite clay.The mixture of polymer and water dispersible smectite clay, preferably form a colloidal suspension, and the amount of smectite clay in the composition is preferably in the range 0.5 to 5% by weight of the composition excluding inorganic filler.

Abstract: A coated paper suitable for use in an electrophotographic process for receiving an image formed by a magnetic brush device with a single component developer is disclosed. The paper is coated with a composition made of a styrene/butadiene latex and a crosslinking agent for the latex, together with any desired pigment and nonionic emulsifier. The composition may be economically coated onto paper at an amount about 1 to 5 grams per square meter.

Abstract: For an electro-thermal printer of the kind that uses a ribbon having a central conducting layer that is covered on one surface by a resistive layer that receives electrical printing currents and on the other surface by a thermally transferrable ink layer, printing current is collected from the conducting layer by an electrically conducting contactor at the ink layer surface of the ribbon. Such contact through the ink layer occurs on the takeup side of a printhead where the integrity of the ink layer is not of concern and voids in the ink layer occur as a result of ink transfers for printing. To increase the quality of the electrical connection, projecting points or barbs may be included on said contactor to penetrate to the conducting layer through intact portions of ink layer.

Abstract: An electrostatic recording medium for use in an electrographic process for forming an electrostatic latent image, and method for making such a recording medium, which includes a base, a resistance layer on the base, an adhesive layer on the resistance layer and a recording layer laminated to the resistance layer through the adhesive layer, the adhesive layer being made of a mateial so that the volume resistivity of the resultant recording medium is relatively unaffected by changes in humidity conditions.

Abstract: Electroductive article comprising a coating composition of copolymers containing from 70 percent to 85 percent by weight diallyldimethylammonium chloride and at least 15 percent but less than 30 percent by weight N-methylolacrylamide and optional comonomers is disclosed. These electroconductive polymers are coated onto a substrate and become water-insensitive thereafter.

Abstract: Electrostatic recording material is made by coating a conducting paper support with a lacquer comprising at least one unsaturated organic compound and substantially no inert solvent and hardening the lacquer by exposure to radiation such as an electron beam or ultra-violet to form a dielectric layer. The dielectric layer retains charge well at high humidities.

Abstract: An electric recording material comprising(A) a semiconductive resin layer comprising a resin matrix and a conductivity-imparting agent dispersed therein and having a surface resistance of more than 1 ohm to less than 10.sup.5 ohms,(B) a metal-containing resin layer comprising a resin matrix and 5 to 60% by volume of a metal powder dispersed therein and having a surface resistance of 10.sup.5 to 10.sup.16 ohms, said metal-containing layer being laminated to one surface of said semiconductive resin layer (A),(C) an electrically conductive covering layer having a surface resistance not exceeding 10.sup.

Abstract: Electrical-insulating pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, the backing of which is a web of oriented polymeric fibers impregnated with a crosslinked polymeric resin to provide a voids-volume of less than 60%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a printing ink formulation for producing a transferable layer comprising a pigmentary material or a material possessing predetermined electrical properties, a hot melt adhesive, a solid phase plasticizer and a solvent.

Abstract: An image wise developable sheet which develops in an image wise fashion areas of the coated substrate thereof to which there has been an image wise selective application of pressure, heat, light or electrical discharge. The coating which is developable comprises (1) a free base of a cationic solvent dye capable of developing a colour or at least a more intense colour upon reaction with an organic acid developing compounds and (11) a binder which is a wax or resin which does not develop said free base and which has been mixed with said free base in the presence of a non-developing substantially non-polar solvent. Various forms of coating thereof including the colour developer composition in a layer or particulate form are applicable to different end uses.

Abstract: An imagewise developable system comprising (I) a substrate supported presence of a mixture of a free base of a cationic solvent dye capable of developing a color or a more intense color upon reaction with an organic acid developing agent and a non developing binder and (II) a substrate supported organic acid developing agent not in the reactive presence of said free base of solvent dye but selectively migratable to imagewise develop the free base under an action selected from the group consisting of applying selective imagewise pressure to the system, applying selective imagewise heat to the system and applying selective electrical discharges to the system.

Abstract: A transfer sheet suitable for electrophotographic pressure fixing, which comprises a paper support and a thin layer of resin formed by coating, thereon as transfer-acceptable layer said resin being obtained by neutralizing carboxyl radical of a copolymer comprising methyl methacrylate, alkyl acrylate and/or alkyl methacrylate and unsaturated carboxylic acid as constitution units with ammonia or some volatile amine.

Abstract: An improved aqueous process for making a conductive medium for electrostatic printing and the conductive medium therefrom, the process comprising applying to one side of a high density basestock a partially insolubilizable aqueous conductive latex precoat, preferably ranging in coat weight from 0.5 to 1.0 pounds per 3000 ft.sup.2, the insolubiliztion of the conductive latex resulting from a partial insolubilization of the major conductive component of the latex; applying to the other side of the basestock a first aqueous low-resistance conductive precoat preferably having a coat weight of about 2 pounds per 3000 ft.sup.2 ; partially insolubilizing the conductive latex precoat; applying to the partially insolubilized latex precoat an aqueous dielectric coating preferably ranging in coat weight from 4.5 to 6.5 pounds per 3000 ft.sup.2 ; and applying to the first low-resistance precoat a second aqueous low-resistance conductive coating preferably ranging in coat weight from 0.5 to 1.5 pounds per 3000 ft.sup.2.

Abstract: An electrostatic record material comprising an electroconductive base sheet and a record layer formed on the base sheet and predominantly containing an insulating resin, the record material being characterized in that the electroconductive base sheet has an electroconductive layer comprising:(i) a zinc oxide powder having a specific resistivity of 0.01 to 900 ohm-cm at pressure of 150 kg/cm.sup.2 ;(ii) a coloring agent having a spectral reflectance of 400 to 530 nm; and(iii) another coloring agent having a spectral reflectance of 580 to 800 nm.

Abstract: An electrostatic recording material comprising a support having formed thereon a dielectric layer composed of a terpolymer consisting of (a) methacrylic acid, (b) a monomer selected from the group consisting of (1) acrylic acid esters containing at least 4 carbon atoms and (2) methacrylic acid esters containing at least 5 carbon atoms, and (c) a monomer selected from the group consisting of (1) acrylic acid esters containing at least 4 carbon atoms and (2) methacrylic acid esters containing at least 5 carbon atoms, wherein monomer (b) and monomer (c) are different and at least one of the monomers (b) and (c) is an acrylic acid ester containing at least 11 carbon atoms or a methacrylic acid ester containing at least 8 carbon atoms, and a method for producing an electrostatic recording material, which comprises converting such a terpolymer to a water-soluble or water-emulsifiable salt of the terpolymer in which about 20 to 100 mol% of the carboxyl groups present form a salt with ammonia and/or a volatile amine,

Abstract: Films are disclosed which are constituted essentially of iodides of heavy metals to which catalysts or sensitizing agents are added to make the films highly sensitive to light and current at room temperature, thus increasing the speed of writing and erasing cycles. The disclosure provides for producing and erasing images on such light and current sensitive films prepared on substrates such as ordinary paper or transparent non-reactive materials. Marking on the films is achieved by light e.g., laser beam and Xenon lamp, or electrical current. Exemplary erasing is done by application of heat. Several examples are disclosed of the formation of these films adherently on non-reactive surfaces.

Abstract: An electrographic recording material comprising a conductive sheet support coated with an electrically insulating layer comprising an intimate blend of a polymeric binder and up to 500 parts of an inert finely divided pigment per 100 parts by weight of polymeric binder. The binder comprises from about 40 to about 90 parts by weight of a poly(vinyl acetal) and from about 10 to about 60 parts by weight of a polystyrene or a poly(.alpha.-methylstyrene). The electrographic recording material exhibits improved toner adhesion.