Abstract: A cathode material comprising an active material, a carbon material, a binder polymer, a lithium salt, and a solvent. The cathode material has a viscosity in the range from about from about 3.0 to about 30.0 cP such that the cathode material can be applied to a surface using an ink jet print head. An anode base material includes from about 50% to about 85% by weight of metallic lithium particles substantially free from other metals and from about 15% to about 50% by weight of a solvent. The anode base material has a viscosity such that the anode base material can be extruded.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrode, including: a) depositing catalytic growth seeds on an electrically conducting support by aerosol spraying, b) growth of oriented carbon nanotubes on the basis of the deposition of the catalytic growth seeds, c) a deposition of sulphur on the oriented carbon nanotubes formed in b), and d) a deposition of a layer of carbon on the sulphur. An electrode, as well as to a battery including such an electrode, includes an electrically conducting support and oriented carbon nanotubes disposed on the surface of the electrically conducting support and covered at least partly by sulphur, the oriented carbon nanotubes exhibiting a length of greater than 20 ?m, or greater than 50 ?m.

Abstract: Graphite-based devices with a reduced characteristic dimension and methods for forming such devices are provided. One or more thin films are deposited onto a substrate and undesired portions of the deposited thin film or thin films are removed to produce processed elements with reduced characteristic dimensions. Graphene layers are generated on selected processed elements or exposed portions of the substrate after removal of the processed elements. Multiple sets of graphene layers can be generated, each with a different physical characteristic, thereby producing a graphite-based device with multiple functionalities in the same device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel phosphate based composite anode material, preparation method and uses thereof. Specifically disclosed is a phosphate based composite cell anode material, the material having monoclinic and orthorhombic crystal lattice structures with the chemical formula of A3-xV2-yMY(PO4)3, wherein A is Li+, Na+ or the mixture thereof, M is Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn or Nb, 0?x?3.0, 0?y?2.0, and C is the carbon layer. Also disclosed are a preparation method and uses of the composite material. Unlike simple physical mixing, the composite material of the present invention has the advantages of an adjustable electric potential plateau, high reversible capacity, good cycle stability, power consumption early warning and the like.

Abstract: Provided are active materials for electrochemical cells. The active materials include silicon containing structures and treatment layers covering at least some surface of these structures. The treatment layers may include aminosilane, a poly(amine), and a poly(imine). These layers are used to increase adhesion of the structures to polymer binders within active material layers of the electrode. As such, when the silicon containing structures change their size during cycling, the bonds between the binder and the silicon containing structure structures or, more specifically, the bonds between the binder and the treatment layer are retained and cycling characteristics of the electrochemical cells are preserved. Also provided are electrochemical cells fabricated with such active materials and methods of fabricating these active materials and electrochemical cells.

Abstract: A method for producing a temperature-resistant, electrically conductive coating on a substrate is provided. The method includes at least the steps of providing a binding agent, the binding agent having an inorganically crosslinked, SiO2-containing binding-agent matrix; producing a dispersion of an electrically conductive pigment in the binding agent by mechanical convection, wherein the fraction of electrically conductive pigment amounts to 10 to 40 wt. %, and carbon is used as the electrically conductive pigment; partial, structured printing of the coating material obtained by dispersion onto the substrate; and drying the obtained coating at temperatures in the range of 20 to 250° C. Also provided are preparations for producing an electrically conductive coating on a substrate as well as substrates provided with electrically conductive coatings.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for making carbon nanotube slurry. The method includes the following steps. First, a carbon nanotube array is provided on a substrate, the carbon nanotube array comprises a number of carbon nanotubes. Second, the carbon nanotube array is trimmed by a laser to obtain a trimmed carbon nanotube array comprising a plurality of trimmed carbon nanotubes having uniform lengths. Third, the trimmed carbon nanotube array is removed from the substrate to obtain the trimmed carbon nanotubes. Fourth, the trimmed carbon nanotubes are mixed with an inorganic binder and an organic carrier to obtain the carbon nanotube slurry.

Abstract: A silicon carbon composite cathode material includes a graphite particle, further includes a silicon or silicon-containing particle, and includes a porous carbon layer, where the silicon or silicon-containing particle is distributed in vicinity of the graphite particle, the porous carbon layer coats a surface of the graphite particle and the silicon or silicon-containing particle so as to combine the graphite particle and the silicon or silicon-containing particle together, the porous carbon layer is a low crystalline carbon layer or an amorphous carbon layer, an interlayer distance d(002) of the low crystalline carbon layer is ?3.45 nm, and a size of the silicon or silicon-containing particle is smaller than a size of the graphite particle. The silicon carbon composite cathode material has a porous structure, a stable material structure, a high capacity, high conductivity performance, and good cycling performance.

Abstract: An electrode material of the present invention includes surface-coated LixAyDzPO4 particles obtained by coating surfaces of LixAyDzPO4 (in which, A represents one or more selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu and Cr, D represents one or more selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zn, B, Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sc, Y and rare earth elements, 0<x?2, 0<y?1, and 0?z?1.5) particles with a carbonaceous coat, and an elution amount of Li is in a range of 200 ppm to 700 ppm and an elution amount of P is in a range of 500 ppm to 2000 ppm when the surface-coated LixAyDzPO4 particles are immersed in a sulfuric acid solution having a hydrogen-ion exponent of 4 for 24 hours.

Abstract: A method is described for depositing nanostructures, such as nanostructures of conducting polymers, carbon nanostructures, or combinations thereof. The process comprises placing the nanostructures in a liquid composition comprising an immiscible combination of aqueous phase and an organic phase. The mixture is mixed for a period of time sufficient to form an emulsion and then allowed to stand undisturbed so that the phases are allowed to separate. As a result the nanostructure materials locate at the interface of the forming phases and are uniformly dispersed along that interface. A film of the nanostructure materials will then form on a substrate intersecting the interface, said substrate having been placed in the mixture before the phases are allowed to settle and separate.

Abstract: We report a method of preparation of highly elastic graphene oxide films, and their transformation into graphene oxide fibers and electrically conductive graphene fibers by spinning. Methods typically include: 1) oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide, 2) preparation of graphene oxide slurry with high solid contents and residues of sulfuric acid impurities. 3) preparation of large area films by bar-coating or dropcasting the graphene oxide dispersion and drying at low temperature. 4) spinning the graphene oxide film into a fiber, and 5) thermal or chemical reduction of the graphene oxide fiber into an electrically conductive graphene fiber. The resulting films and fiber have excellent mechanical properties, improved morphology as compared with current graphene oxide fibers, high electrical conductivity upon thermal reduction, and improved field emission properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of soluble pentakis(alkylthio)derivatives of [60]fullerene as precursors for semiconducting thin [60]fullerene films by thermal decomposition and organic electronic devices using these films.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material including: a lithium complex oxide represented by Formula 1; and a carbon coating layer disposed on the lithium complex oxide, wherein, in a C1s XPS spectrum of the positive electrode active material, a peak intensity of a first peak at a binding energy from about 288 eV to about 293 eV is greater than a peak intensity of a second peak at a binding energy from about 283 eV to about 287 eV, and in an O1s X-ray photoelectron spectrum of the positive electrode active material, a peak intensity of a third peak at a binding energy from about 530.5 eV to about 535 eV is greater than a peak intensity of a fourth peak at a binding energy from about 527.5 electron volts to about 530 electron volts, LiaMbM?cM?dOe.

Abstract: A method of making a positive electrode includes forming a slurry of particles using an electrode formulation, a diluent, and oxalic acid, coating the slurry on a collector and drying the coating on the collector to form the positive electrode. The electrode formulation includes an electrode active material, a conductive carbon source, an organic polymeric binder, and a water soluble polymer. The diluent consists essentially of water.

Abstract: A process for preparing a conductive carbonized layered article including the steps of: (I) providing a liquid carbon precursor formulation comprising (a) at least one aromatic epoxy resin; and (b)(i) at least one aromatic co-reactive curing agent, (b) (ii) at least one catalytic curing agent, or (b)(iii) a mixture thereof; wherein the liquid precursor composition has a neat viscosity of less than 10,000 mPa-s at 25° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dispersion liquid of a carbon nanotube-containing composition which contains a carbon nanotube-containing composition, a dispersant with a weight-average molecular weight of 5,000 to 60,000 as determined by gel permeation chromatography, and an aqueous solvent. The present invention provides a dispersion liquid of a carbon nanotube-containing composition which shows high dispersibility on a base while maintaining high dispersibility for the carbon nanotube-containing composition.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for method and systems effective to at least partially alter a defect in a layer including graphene. In some examples, the methods may include receiving the layer on a substrate where the layer includes at least some graphene and at least some defect areas in the graphene. The defect areas may reveal exposed areas of the substrate. The methods may also include reacting the substrate under sufficient reaction conditions to produce at least one cationic area in at least one of the exposed areas. The methods may further include adhering graphene oxide to the at least one cationic area to produce a graphene oxide layer. The methods may further include reducing the graphene oxide layer to produce at least one altered defect area in the layer.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of graphene film includes the steps of: disposing a substrate in a reaction chamber including an inlet and an outlet; providing a metallic catalytic material into the reaction chamber; providing a reducing gas into the reaction chamber; raising the temperature of the reaction chamber to a deposition temperature; providing a carbon-containing gas into the reaction chamber; and generating a plurality of carbon atoms from the carbon-containing gas under the assistance of the metallic catalytic material and the atoms deposited on the substrate to form a graphene film. The manufacturing method of graphene film is capable of depositing a graphene film on the substrate and is advantageous for a transfer-free process in the following application.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a composite field emission source is provided. A first stage of film-forming process is performed by using RF magnetron sputtering, so as to form a nano structure film on a substrate, in which the nano structure film is a petal-shaped structure composed of a plurality of nano graphite walls. Afterward, a second stage of film-forming process is performed for increasing carbon accumulation amount on the nano structure film and thereby growing a plurality of nano coral-shaped structures on the petal-shaped structure. Therefore, the composite field emission source with high strength and nano coral-shaped structures can be obtained, whereby improving the effect and life of electric field emission.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for mass production of silicon nanowires and/or nanobelts. The invented method is a chemical etching process employing an etchant that preferentially etches and removes other phases from a multiphase silicon alloy, over a silicon phase, and allows harvesting of the residual silicon nanowires and/or nanobelts. The silicon alloy comprises, or is treated so as to comprise, one-dimensional and/or two-dimensional silicon nanostructures in the microstructure of the multi-phase silicon alloy prior to etching. When used as anode for secondary lithium batteries, the silicon nanowires or nanobelts produced by the invented method exhibit high storage capacity.

Abstract: To increase the volume density or weight density of lithium ions that can be received and released in and from a positive electrode active material to achieve high capacity and high energy density of a secondary battery. A lithium manganese composite oxide represented by LixMnyMzOw that includes a region belonging to a space group C2/c and is covered with a carbon-containing layer is used as the positive electrode active material. The element M is an element other than lithium and manganese. The lithium manganese composite oxide has high structural stability and high capacity.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing graphene is provided, comprising (1) introducing a supporting substrate in a reactor; (2) preparing (nano) crystalline alumina catalyst having catalytic activity on the supporting substrate to prepare an insulating substrate; (3) growing nano graphenes on the insulating substrate to manufacture graphene film comprising graphene layer of the nano graphenes, which are grown without use of metal catalyst substantially. The graphene layer composed of the nano graphene has spatially homogeneous structural and electrical properties even in synthesis as large area and can be applied to flexible electronic devices. In addition, as it has easy detachment of the substrate and the graphene film and can detach the graphene film without damage of the substrate, leaving no residual graphene on the substrate, it is possible to grow the nano graphene by reusing the substrate.

Abstract: Surface-modified carbon hybrid particles may be characterized by a high surface area and a high mesopore content. Surface-modified carbon hybrid particles may be in agglomerated form. Surface-modified carbon hybrid particles may be used, for example, as conductive additives. Dispersions of such compounds in a liquid medium in the presence of a surfactant may be used, for example, as conductive coatings. Polymer compounds filled with the surface-modified carbon hybrid particles may be formed. Surface-modified carbon hybrid particles may be used, for example, as carbon supports.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing an electrode of a lithium battery electrode, comprising: (a) providing a substrate; (b) coating a paste on a portion of the substrate; (c) plating a metal film onto the paste or the substrate; (d) disposing a welding point at an end of the substrate; wherein the advantages of the present invention are to conduct current in three-dimensional direction and reduce the problem of electric conductivity because of thermal effect. In addition, the present invention can further avoid the problem of the electrode oxidation.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing a current collector for an electrochemical element that enable rapid charging and discharging with low internal resistance. The method of producing a current collector for an electrochemical element in the present invention has a step for coating a coating liquid onto a metal foil, the coating liquid containing at least one substance selected from the group consisting of methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl starch, hydroxypropyl starch, dextrin, pullulan, dextran, guar gum and hydroxypropyl guar gum; an organic acid having valence of two or more or a derivative thereof, carbon particles and an organic solvent, followed by removing the organic solvent and forming a coating layer on the metal foil.

Abstract: A composite including: silicon (Si); a silicon oxide of the formula SiOx, wherein 0<x<2; and a graphene disposed on the silicon oxide.

Abstract: The present invention describes an electrode material based on carbon foam impregnated with particulate carbon, and a method for preparing the electrode material. The electrode material may be used as a cathode active material in a metal-air/metal-oxygen battery, such as a lithium-air, sodium-air, magnesium-air, zinc-air, tin-air or silicon-air battery.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides scalable nanotube fabrics and methods for controlling or otherwise adjusting the nanotube length distribution of a nanotube application solution in order to realize scalable nanotube fabrics. In one aspect of the present disclosure, one or more filtering operations are used to remove relatively long nanotube elements from a nanotube solution until nanotube length distribution of the nanotube solution conforms to a preselected or desired nanotube length distribution profile. In another aspect of the present disclosure, a sono-chemical cutting process is used to break up relatively long nanotube elements within a nanotube application solution into relatively short nanotube elements to realize a pre-selected or desired nanotube length distribution profile.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided an active substance. The active substance includes particles of niobium titanium composite oxide and a phase including a carbon material. The niobium titanium composite oxide is represented by Ti1-xM1xNb2-yM2yO7. The phase is formed on at least a part of the surface of the particles. The carbon material shows, in a Raman chart obtained by Raman spectrometry, a G band observed at from 1530 to 1630 cm?1 and a D band observed at from 1280 to 1380 cm?1. A ratio IG/ID between a peak intensity IG of the G band and a peak intensity ID of the D band is from 0.8 to 1.2.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a self-assembly fullerene array on the surface of a substrate, comprising the following steps: (1) providing a substrate; (2) pre-annealing the substrate at a temperature ranging from 200° C. to 1200° C. in a vacuum system; and (3) providing powdered fullerene nanoparticles and depositing them on the surface of the substrate by means of physical vapor deposition technology in the vacuum system, so as to form a self-assembly fullerene array on the surface of the substrate. The present invention also provides a fullerene embedded substrate prepared therefrom, which has excellent field emission properties and can be used as a field emitter for any field emission displays. Finally, the present invention provides a fullerene embedded substrate prepared therefrom, which can be used to substitute for semiconductor carbides as optoelectronic devices and high-temperature, high-power, or high-frequency electric devices.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a lithium-ion battery positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a high voltage cathode active material and a method for preparing the same. The cathode active material includes particles of a spinel-type compound having a composition represented by Formula (1) and a carbon-based material present on surfaces of the particles of the spinel-type compound: Li1+aMxMn2?xO4?zAz ??(1) where ?0.1?a?0.1, 0.3?x?0.8 and 0?z?0.1.

Abstract: A film in a dry state is efficiently dissolved and removed. A film removing method includes steps of moving a nozzle head (10B) close to a soluble film (201) formed on a substrate (200), forming a liquid pool (302) of chemical liquid (300) between the nozzle head (10B) and the film (201) by continuously and simultaneously discharging and sucking the chemical liquid (300) from the nozzle head (10B), and horizontally moving the substrate (100) in a state in which the nozzle head (10B) and the surface of the film (201) are not contacted so as to relatively move the liquid pool (302) of the chemical liquid on the substrate (100).

Abstract: Provided is an anode active material including a transition metal-pyrophosphate of Chemical Formula 1 below: M2P2O7??<Chemical Formula 1> where M is any one selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), and silver (Ag), or two or more elements thereof. Since the anode active material of the present invention is stable and has excellent conversion reactivity while including only transition metal and phosphate without using lithium in which the price thereof is continuously increased, the anode active material of the present invention may improve capacity characteristics.

Abstract: Provided is an anode active material including a transition metal-metaphosphate of Chemical Formula 1: M(PO3)2??<Chemical Formula 1> where M is any one selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), and silver (Ag), or two or more elements thereof. Since the anode active material of the present invention is stable and has excellent conversion reactivity while including only transition metal and phosphate without using lithium in which the price thereof is continuously increased, the anode active material of the present invention may improve capacity characteristics.

Abstract: A composite material for a lithium ion battery anode and a method of producing the same is disclosed, wherein the composite material comprises a porous electrode composite material. Pores with carbon-based material forming at the pore wall are created in situ. The porous electrode composite material provide space to accommodate volumetric changes during battery charging and discharging while the carbon-based material improved the conductivity of the electrode composite material. The method creates pores to have a denser carbon content inside the pores and a wider mouth of the pores to enhance lithium ion distribution.

Abstract: A method of preparing a fuel cell electrode catalyst by preparing a platinum-carbon core-shell composite, which has a platinum nanoparticle core and a graphene carbon shell, using a simultaneous evaporation process, a method for preparing a fuel cell electrode comprising the catalyst prepared thereby, and a fuel cell comprising the same. A fuel cell comprising an electrode catalyst consisting of the core-shell composite prepared by simultaneously evaporating the platinum precursor and the organic precursor can have high performance and high durability, because the platinum particles are not agglomerated or detached and corroded even under severe conditions, including high-temperature, long use term, acidic and alkaline conditions.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a touch surface that can be integrated into an electronic device. User input can be received via the touch surface (e.g., a touchscreen, a key cap). The touch surface can include a substrate, a rigid layer for maintaining the contours of the substrate, and a surface layer deposited over the rigid layer for adjusting the surface energy of the touch surface. The substrate can be made with plastic; the rigid layer can be a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating; and the surface layer can be comprised of fluoro- or silicon-rich molecules. The DLC can be deposited over the plastic substrate via physical vapor deposition (PVD) while the surface layer can be deposited over the DLC via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The touch surface can be constructed using different layers of material and using different methods to improve the longevity of the touch surface against repeated use and wear.

Abstract: The present invention relates to current collectors, electrode structures, non-aqueous electrolyte batteries, and electrical storage devices (electrical double layer capacitors, lithium ion capacitors, and the like) that are capable to realize superior battery characteristics by suitably forming an active material layer by using an aqueous solvent. A current collector having a resin layer on at least one side of a conductive substrate, the resin layer being formed by a composition for current collector including an acryl-based resin containing acrylic acid ester and acryl amide or derivatives thereof as a main component; melamine or derivatives thereof; and carbon particles, is provided.

Abstract: A structure of intimately contacting carbon-hexacyanometallate is provided for forming a metal-ion battery electrode. Several methods are provided for forming the carbon-hexacyanometallate intimate contact. These methods include (1) adding conducting carbon during the synthesis of hexacyanometallate and forming the carbon-hexacyanometallate powder prior to forming the paste for electrode printing; (2) coating with conducting carbon after hexacyanometallate powder formation and prior to forming the paste for electrode printing; and (3) coating a layer of conducting carbon over the hexacyanometallate electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anode electrode of a lithium-ion battery, comprising an anode active material-coated graphene sheet, wherein the graphene sheet has two opposed parallel surfaces and at least 50% area of one of the surfaces is coated with an anode active material and wherein the graphene material is in an amount of from 0.1% to 99.5% by weight and the anode active material is in an amount of at least 0.5% by weight (preferably at least 60%), all based on the total weight of the graphene material and the anode active material combined.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a graphene-enhanced anode active material for use in a lithium battery. The process comprises (a) providing a continuous film of a graphene material into a deposition zone; (b) introducing vapor or atoms of a precursor anode active material into the deposition zone, allowing the vapor or atoms to deposit onto a surface of the graphene material film to form a sheet of an anode active material-coated graphene material; and (c) mechanically breaking this sheet into multiple pieces of anode active material-coated graphene; wherein the graphene material is in an amount of from 0.1% to 99.5% by weight and the anode active material is in an amount of at least 0.5% by weight, all based on the total weight of the graphene material and the anode active material combined.

Abstract: A highly reliable electrode for a lithium-ion secondary battery is provided. A highly reliable lithium-ion secondary battery is also provided using the electrode for a lithium-ion secondary battery. The electrode for a lithium-ion secondary battery includes a current collector and an active material layer. The active material layer includes an active material, graphene, and polyimide. The active material includes a plurality of nanowires each of which grows with a silicon particle used as a nucleus and extends in one direction into a fine needle. The graphene includes a region in contact with the plurality of nanowires, and polyimide includes a region in contact with the graphene. The lithium-ion secondary battery uses the electrode as a negative electrode.

Abstract: A lithium-sulfur battery uses different binders that exhibit different swelling ratios in an electrolyte as cathode binders and thus having superior cycle performance and battery capacity. A first binder is a binder having a large swelling ratio in an electrolyte, and a second binder is a binder having a small swelling ratio in the electrolyte. The first binder is in direct contact with the active material. The second binder may indirectly contact the active material as being present between a plurality of first binders which are in direct contact with the active material.

Abstract: A method for depositing high aspect ratio molecular structures (HARMS), which method comprises applying a force upon an aerosol comprising one or more HARM-structures, which force moves one or more HARM-structures based on one or more physical features and/or properties towards one or more predetermined locations for depositing one or more HARM-structures in a pattern by means of an applied force.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon, including the steps of (a) preparing a mixture solution by adding a lithium precursor, an iron precursor and a phosphorus precursor in a triethanolamine solvent, (b) putting the mixture solution into a reactor and reacting to prepare amorphous lithium iron phosphate nanoseed particle, and (c) heat treating the lithium iron phosphate nanoseed particle thus to prepare the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon on a portion or a whole of a surface of a particle, and a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon prepared by the above method. The lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon having controlled particle size and particle size distribution may be prepared in a short time by performing two simple steps.

Abstract: The invention relates to carbon-coated zinc ferrite particles, to a method for producing carbon-coated zinc ferrite particles, and to the use thereof as the electrode material for lithium-ion batteries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon, including the steps of (a) preparing a mixture solution by adding a lithium precursor, an iron precursor and a phosphorus precursor in a glycerol solvent, (b) putting the mixture solution into a reactor and reacting to prepare amorphous lithium iron phosphate nanoseed particle, and (c) heat treating the lithium iron phosphate nanoseed particle thus to prepare the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon on a portion or a whole of a surface of a particle, and a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon prepared by the above method. The lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon having controlled particle size and particle size distribution may be prepared in a short time by performing two simple steps.

Abstract: An in vivo amperometric sensor is provided for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a body fluid. The sensor comprises a counter electrode and a working electrode, and the working electrode comprises a sensing layer which is generally water permeable and arranged on a support member adjacent to a contact pad. The sensing layer comprises an immobilized enzyme capable of acting catalytically in the presence of the analyte to cause an electrical signal. The sensing layer has an upper surface facing the body fluid and a lower surface facing away from the body fluid, and the immobilized enzyme is distributed within the sensing layer in such a way that the enzyme concentration in the middle between the upper and lower surfaces is at least as high as on the upper surface of the sensing layer.

Abstract: A composite cathode active material including: a composite oxide capable of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium; a carbon nanostructure; and a material which is chemically inert to lithium.