Abstract: A method for producing transparent p-type conducting oxide films without co-doping plasma enhancement or high temperature comprising: a) introducing a dialkyl metal at ambient temperature and a saturated pressure in a carrier gas into a low pressure deposition chamber, and b) introducing NO alone or with an oxidizer into the chamber under an environment sufficient to produce a metal-rich condition to enable NO decomposition and atomic nitrogen incorporation into the formed transparent metal conducting oxide.

Abstract: A reversible recording material is disclosed. The reversible recording material includes one or more kinds of compounds having a structure shown in Chemical Formula (1) on a surface of metal oxide particles. In Chemical Formula (1), X shows a linkage including an element selected from Si, Ti, and Al; Y shows a linkage including a structure selected from Chemical Formula (2); Z shows a methylene group or a sulfide group capable of having a substituent group; Ar shows an aromatic group capable of having a substituent group; R1 and R2 show corresponding alkylene groups; R3 shows an alkylene group capable of forming a ring structure linked with —N—C—O— and able to have a substituent group; and “n” is an integer which is 1 or more.

Abstract: Tin oxide having high mobility and a low electron concentration, and methods for producing layers of the tin oxide layers on a substrate by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) are disclosed. The tin oxide may undoped polycrystalline n-type tin oxide or it may be doped polycrystalline p-type tin oxide. When the layer of tin oxide is formed on a crystalline substrate, substantially crystalline tin oxide is formed. Dopant precursors for producing doped p-type tin oxide are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are a ferroelectric thin film having good crystallinity, improved surface roughness, and high density data storage capability, and a method of manufacturing a ferroelectric recording medium including the ferroelectric thin film. The method of manufacturing the ferroelectric thin film includes: forming an amorphous TiO2 layer on a substrate; forming a PbO(g) atmosphere on the amorphous TiO2 layer; and reacting the TiO2 layer with PbO(g) at a temperature of 400 to 650° C. to form a PbTiO3 ferroelectric thin film having a nanograin structure of 1 to 20 nm on the substrate.

Abstract: Provided are a ferroelectric recording medium and a method of manufacturing the same. The ferroelectric recording medium includes a substrate, a plurality of supporting layers which are formed on the substrate, each of the supporting layers having at least two lateral surfaces; and data recording layers formed on the lateral surfaces of the supporting layers. First and second data recording layers may be respectively disposed on two facing lateral surfaces of each of the supporting layers. The supporting layers may be polygonal pillars having at least three lateral surfaces. A plurality of the supporting layers can be disposed at uniform intervals in a two-dimensional array.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a dielectric piece which includes metal compound dots is provided. A stacked layer formed over the substrate includes a metal compound layer and an energy barrier layer. A process such as an oxidization annealing process is then performed so that the metal compound layer is transformed into a great number of crystalline metal compound dots distributed in the energy barrier layer.

Abstract: We disclose methods of sorting or separating mixtures of living cells (e.g., eukaryotic, prokaryotic, mammalian, pathogenic, bacterial, viral, etc.). We perform our methods by activating cell-selective photophoric labels, which photosensitize and chemically reduce a photosensitive metal compound to form metal grains, particles or crystals. The metal adheres to the cells and forms the basis for sorting or separating different cell types. Photophoric labels may include chemiluminescent agents such as peroxidase enzymes activated with peroxidase substrates capable of luminescence. Photosensitive metal compounds may be present in a light-sensitive matrix or emulsion containing photosensitizable metal compounds, which form metal grains, particles or crystals upon exposure to a developer solution. Developer solutions are formulated to substantially allow living cells to remain viable after exposure to the developing solution.

Abstract: A method for embedding a hydrophilic and electrically conductive layer into a flow field plate or bipolar plate for a fuel cell. In one embodiment, the layer is niobium doped titanium oxide in a powder form. The method includes mixing the powder material in a suitable solution, such as a solvent. The solution is deposited on a substrate, such as a stainless steel substrate, by any suitable process, such as brushing. The substrate is then heated so that the solvent evaporates to leave a coating of the powder material. The substrate is then positioned in a die press and is stamped to the shape of the bipolar plate, where the stamping operation embeds the powder material into an outer surface of the bipolar plate.

Abstract: Provided are a piezoelectric element, a method of manufacturing the same, and a liquid jet head, which can improve, and homogenize, characteristics of a piezoelectric layer. Included are: a step of forming a seed titanium layer interposed therebetween, the seed titanium layer being formed at a desired film thickness by applying by titanium (Ti), at least twice; and a step of forming a piezoelectric precursor film by applying a piezoelectric material on the seed titanium layer, thereafter crystallizing the piezoelectric precursor film by baking, and thereby forming the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: Size-confined nanocomposite powders and methods for their manufacture are provided by coating fine powders with a nanoscale powder of a different composition. The nanocomposite plastics offer performance characteristics approaching those of metals and alloys. The nanocomposite powders are alternatively used for dispersion strengthening of metals, alloys, and ceramics. Materials based nanotechnology for energy devices and programmable drug delivery are included.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an oxygen reduction electrode having excellent oxygen reduction catalysis ability. In a method of manufacturing a manganese oxide nanostructure having excellent oxygen reduction catalysis ability and composed of secondary particles which are aggregations of primary particles of manganese oxide, a target plate made of manganese oxide is irradiated with laser light to desorb the component substance of the target plate, and the desorbed substance is deposited on a substrate facing substantially parallel to the aforementioned target plate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery including adding first and second compounds to a solvent to prepare an acidic solution with a pH from 0.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a positive active material for a lithium secondary battery includes preparing a coating-element-containing organic suspension by adding a coating-element source to an organic solvent, adding water to the suspension to prepare a coating liquid, coating a positive active material with the coating liquid, and drying the coated positive active material.

Abstract: A fabrication method of an indium tin oxide (ITO) anode containing nickel for improving injection efficiency of an organic light emitting diode (OLED) includes various processes of preparing an ITO substrate with an anode, of preparing a target source of ITO containing nickel, and of mingling nickel on the anode of the ITO substrate by sputtering. The structure of the ITO anode containing nickel for an OLED includes a substrate with an anode mingled with nickel, a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer. Such an ITO anode is to have a higher work function that can lessen a great potential barrier between the ITO anode and a hole transport layer. So the threshold voltage and the turn-on voltage of OLED can be reduced to advance hole injection efficiency.

Abstract: A fabrication method of an indium tin oxide (ITO) anode containing point nickel for an organic light emitting diode (OLED) to selectively light includes various processes of preparing an ITO substrate with an anode having plural point grooves, of forming a nickel film on the anode, and of grinding the nickel film to leave the point grooves fitted with nickel. Therefore, the nickel spots of the ITO anode are lit up earlier than the pure ITO anode when the OLED is turn on. Because the nickel spots have a lower resistance, current can aggregate in these spots collectively, reducing demerit of cross-talk happening often in a conventional passive OLED panel circuit. The structure of the OLED includes an ITO substrate with an anode provided point grooves deposited with nickel, a hole transport layer on the anode, and an electron transport layer on the hole transport layer.

Abstract: A potassium niobate deposited body includes a substrate, an electrode layer formed above the substrate, and a potassium niobate layer formed above the electrode layer. The potassium niobate layer can include a domain that epitaxially grows in a (110) or (001) orientation, when a lattice constant of orthorhombic potassium niobate is 21/2 c<a<b, and a b-axis is a polarization axis.

Abstract: A method of preparing an electrochromic device involves forming multiple layers of selected materials on a substrate in a vacuum processing chamber. A first of these layers is an electrode layer deposited directly on the substrate and used for making contact to a subsequently deposited precursor film, preferably tungsten oxide, from which an electrochromic layer is formed by lithium loading in the presence of ionized nitrogen. This not only forms the electrochromic layer by diffusion of the lithium into the tungsten oxide, but also forms a thin lithium nitride ion transfer layer on the then exposed surface. Subsequently, a lithium fluoro-nitride electrolyte layer is formed on the ion transfer layer by evaporation from a lithium fluoride source in the presence of ionized nitrogen. An ion storage layer, which may be a vanadium oxide and a transparent second electrode layer are subsequently vacuum deposited.

Abstract: Disclosed is a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery, including a lithiated intercalation compound and an additive compound. The additive compound comprises one or more intercalation element-included oxides which have a charging voltage of 4.0 to 4.6V when 5-50% of total intercalation elements of the one or more intercalation element-included oxides are released during charging.

Abstract: A method of producing an electrochromic device, includes the steps of: providing a first electron conducting layer on a substrate, providing a working electrode in communication with the first electron conducting layer, providing an ion conducting layer in communication with the working electrode, providing an ion storage electrode in communication with the ion conducting layer, and providing a second electron conducting layer in communication with the ion storage electrode, wherein at least one and less than all of the providing steps include(s) plasma chemical vapor deposition. An electrochromic device produced by the method of the invention is disclosed, as is an apparatus adapted to perform the method of the invention, including plasma CVD devices and vacuum sputtering devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a solar cell module having photovoltaic elements in each of which a metal oxide layer made of a metal oxide forms an outermost surface part thereof at a light incident side, and a sealing resin layer formed on the metal oxide layer. The method includes the steps of providing water on a surface of the metal oxide layer, the water being chemically adsorbed thereto; irradiating the metal oxide layer with electromagnetic waves for a predetermined time so that the contact angle of the water on the surface of the metal oxide layer is 60° or less, the electromagnetic waves having energy larger than the band gap of the metal oxide; and subsequently forming the sealing resin layer on the metal oxide layer.

Abstract: The paste composition of the present invention is a paste composition comprising (i) a polyurethane resin which comprises (a) a recurring unit represented by the formula (1) and (b) a recurring unit represented by the formula (2), a molar fraction of said recurring unit (a) being in the range of 0.35 to 0.99, a molar fraction of said recurring unit (b) being in the range of 0.01 to 0.65, the total of both the molar fractions being 1, (ii) a solvent and (iii) a powder. By the use of the paste composition, dielectric layers, sealing products, barrier ribs, phosphors, etc. can be favorably formed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a negative active material for a lithium rechargeable battery and a method of preparing the same, and the negative active material prepared by coating a carbon source with a coating liquid, and drying the carbon source, and the negative active material comprises a core having a carbon source with surface-treatment layer formed on the surface of the core, the surface-treatment layer having at least one compound of coating element selected from the group cosnsisting of amorphous, semi crystalline, or crystalline hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, oxycarbonates, and hydroxidecarbonates.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electrode having a collector and an electrode layer containing an active material formed on the collector is provided that includes the steps of discharging a composition for forming an electrode layer containing an active material and an organic solvent on the collector from a droplet discharge apparatus to form a film composed of the composition, reducing the pressure of an atmosphere surrounding the film within a prescribed period of time to a pressure that brings a boiling point of the organic solvent to a temperature in a range of 10° C. to 30° C., and maintaining the reduced pressure to dry and remove the organic solvent to form the electrode layer. The method can further include the step of heating the film to a temperature between 50° C. and 150° C., after the reduced pressure is maintained.

Abstract: Planar ceramic membrane assembly comprising a dense layer of mixed-conducting multi-component metal oxide material, wherein the dense layer has a first side and a second side, a porous layer of mixed-conducting multi-component metal oxide material in contact with the first side of the dense layer, and a ceramic channeled support layer in contact with the second side of the dense layer.

Abstract: An infrared transmissive article includes an infrared transmissive substrate and a single layer anti-reflective (AR) composite broadband sol gel coating on a surface of the substrate. The AR coating includes a first chalcogenide including compound, and a second chalcogenide including compound intermixed with the first chalcogenide including compound. The percentages of the first chalcogenide and the second chalcogenide in the AR coating are selected to provide a refractive index of the AR coating that approximates the square root of a refractive index of the substrate.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a component, in particular an aluminium electrowinning anode, for use at elevated temperature in an oxidising and/or corrosive environment comprises: applying onto a metal-based substrate layers of a particle mixture containing iron oxide particles and particles of a reactant-oxide selected from titanium, yttrium, ytterbium and tantalum oxides; and heat treating the applied layers to consolidate by reactive sintering of the iron oxide particles and the reactant-oxide particles to turn the applied layer into a protective coating made of a substantially continuous reacted oxide matrix of one or more multiple oxides of iron and the metal from the reactant-oxide. The metal-based substrate comprises at its surface during the heat treatment an integral anchorage-oxide of at least one metal of the substrate.

Abstract: A method of forming a dense and crack-free hematite-containing protective layer on a metal-based substrate for use in a high temperature oxidising and/or corrosive environment comprises applying onto the substrate a particle mixture consisting of: 60 to 99 95 weight %, in particular 70 to 95 weight % such as 75 to 85 weight %, of hematite with or without iron metal and/or ferrous oxide; 1 to 25 weight %, in particular 5 8 to 20 weight % such as 8 to 15 weight %, of nitride and/or carbide particles, such as boron nitride, aluminium nitride or zirconium carbide particles; and 0 to 15 weight %, in particular 5 to 15 weight %, of one or more further constituents that consist of at least one metal or metal oxide or a heat-convertible precursor thereof.

Abstract: A family of spray suspensions for aerosol deposition of green ceramic layers that subsequently can be sintered to produce both dense and porous ceramic layers. The suspensions comprise a nonazeotropic solvent mixture, a ceramic powder, a dispersant, and a an organic binder. The invention also includes methods for depositing coatings of these ceramic suspensions on a substrate, either singly or sequentially, to form electrochemically efficient multilayer structures that can be economically co-sintered. The suspensions and deposition approach allow formation of thin layers of varying microstructure and composition in the sintered state. The suspensions and deposition approach are likely to be useful in the fabrication of electrochemical devices.

Abstract: Disclosed is a positive active material for a lithium secondary battery and a preparation method of the same that can improve cycle-life characteristics and storage characteristics at a high temperature by improving structural safety characteristics and electrochemical characteristics, by forming an overlayer comprising an oxide glass phase on the surface of the positive active material, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the positive active material.

Abstract: This invention relates to complex lithium metal oxides, which are cathode active materials of a lithium or lithium ion secondary battery with enhanced cycle life and safety, and a process for preparation thereof. The core particles are complex lithium metal oxides capable of absorbing, storing and emitting lithium ions, and a coating layer comprised of amorphous complex lithium cobalt oxides that are formed on the surface of the core particle, which is structurally stable and inactive with electrolytes. Because the amorphous complex lithium cobalt oxides are inactive with electrolytes, the oxides stabilize the surface structure of the complex lithium metal oxide and improve on high temperature storage properties, as well as safety and cycle life.

Abstract: Heterolayered thin films having ferroelectric/piezoelectric layers of alternating crystal structures and methods of their preparation are provided. In the ferroelectric/piezoelectric thin film, a first layer has a rhombohedral crystal structure and a second layer adjacent the first layer has a tetragonal crystal structure. The layers have a (100) preferred orientation with ?-axis normal to the surface of the film. The first layer can be a Zr-rich lead ziroconate titanate layer (e.g., PbZr0.8Ti0.2O3) and the second layer can be a Ti-rich PZT layer (e.g., PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3). Heterolayered ferroelectric/piezoelectric thin film comprising a plurality of such first and second layers in alternating sequence exhibits particularly improved electrical properties.

Abstract: Provided is a gas molecule sensor, characterized in that the sensing element is a polycrystalline tin oxide film having a thickness less than 1 ?m. The sensing element is produced by electrolytic deposit of a tin film on an insulating support in an electromechanical cell, where the anode is comprised of tin and the cathode is a conductive film applied on the surface of the insulating support at one of its ends, the two electrodes being separated by an electrolyte comprised of a tin salt solution, and by passing a constant current through said cell. The deposit step is followed by an oxidizing step.

Abstract: Substrates having films are used to produce flat panel displays and similar devices. Various embodiments of transparent conductive films and methods for the same for flat panel displays and similar devices are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A material for forming an insulation film comprising an alkoxide compound of lithium and at least one kind of organic solvent selected from ether, ketone, ester, alcohol, and hydrocarbon. A material for forming an insulation film comprising a carboxylate of lithium, an organic solvent, and tetramethoxysilane or tetraethoxysilane. A film-forming method for forming an insulation film with the use of the material for forming an insulation film. An insulation film-forming over the various substrates by spin coating method, mist deposition method or CVD method with the use of these material becomes possible and enables to expect providing an insulation film of high quality and high purity containing lithium or lithium silicate.

Abstract: A method for making a thin-film electrode, either an anode or a cathode, by preparing a precursor solution using an alkoxide reactant, depositing multiple thin film layers with each layer approximately 500–1000 ? in thickness, and heating the layers to above 600° C. to achieve a material with electrochemical properties suitable for use in a thin film battery. The preparation of the anode precursor solution uses Sn(OCH2C(CH3)3)2 dissolved in a solvent in the presence of HO2CCH3 and the cathode precursor solution is formed by dissolving a mixture of (Li(OCH2C(CH3)3))8 and Co(O2CCH3).H2O in at least one polar solvent.

Abstract: Provided are a separator having an inorganic protective film and a lithium battery using the separator. The separator has suppressed self discharge and reduced internal shorting.

Abstract: The process described herein provides a simple and cost effective method for making crack free, high density thin ceramic film. The steps involve depositing a layer of a ceramic material on a porous or dense substrate. The deposited layer is compacted and then the resultant laminate is sintered to achieve a higher density than would have been possible without the pre-firing compaction step.

Abstract: There are provided an electrode for electrolysis which takes into consideration safety to human bodies and environmental pollution upon disposal of the electrode, produces ozone with high efficiency and has excellent durability, a production process of the electrode, and an active oxygen producing device using the electrode. In an electrode 5 for electrolysis which has an electrode catalyst at least on the surface and produces ozone or active oxygen in for-treatment water by electrolysis, the electrode catalyst contains a dielectric which constitutes more than 70% of the surface area of the electrode catalyst.

Abstract: A nitrogen oxide sensor system for measuring the amount of nitrogen oxide in a gas. A first electrode is exposed to the gas. An electrolyte is positioned in contact with the first electrode. A second electrode is positioned in contact with the electrolyte. A means for applying a fixed current between the first electrode and the second electrode and monitoring the voltage required to maintain the fixed current provides a measurement of the amount of nitrogen oxide in the gas.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium has a magnetic recording layer with ferromagnetic crystalline grains and nonmagnetic and nonmetallic grain boundary region surrounding the grains. The surface of its underlayer, before forming the magnetic recording layer, is exposed to an O2 or N2 atmosphere or an atmosphere of rare gas and O2 or N2, to attach the O2 or N2 as nucleation sites for promoting growth of the nonmagnetic and nonmetallic region. By forming the magnetic recording layer thereafter, both ferromagnetic crystalline grains and the nonmagnetic and nonmetallic grain boundary region are formed from the initial stage of the growth of the magnetic recording layer. Thus, a magnetic recording layer having excellent segregation structure can be formed.

Abstract: A metal oxide coating and a method of forming the metal oxide coating are disclosed, wherein the metal oxide coating composition includes a metal oxide precursor of the metal oxide, the metal oxide, or a combination thereof, and a solvent of secondary or tertiary C4–C8 alcohol.

Abstract: Polycrystals with a MgO purity of at least 99.0%, a relative density of at least 90.0%, a sulfur S content of 0.01 to 50 ppm, a chlorine Cl content of 0.01 to 50 ppm, a nitrogen N content of 0.01 to 200 ppm, and a phosphorus P content of 0.01 to 30 ppm. Even when vapor deposition is conducted using electron beam deposition, almost no splash occurs, and the film characteristics of the product MgO film can also be improved.

Abstract: Electrocatalyst powders and methods for producing electrocatalyst powders, such as carbon composite electrocatalyst powders. The powders have a well-controlled microstructure and morphology. The method includes forming the particles from an aerosol of precursors by heating the aerosol to a relatively low temperature, such as not greater than about 400° C.

Abstract: Low-cost, mechanically strong, highly electronically conductive porous substrates and associated structures for solid-state electrochemical devices, techniques for forming these structures, and devices incorporating the structures provide solid state electrochemical device substrates of novel composition and techniques for forming thin electrode/membrane/electrolyte coatings on the novel or more conventional substrates. In particular, in one aspect the invention provides techniques for co-firing of device substrate (often an electrode) with an electrolyte or membrane layer to form densified electrolyte/membrane films 5 to 20 microns thick. In another aspect, densified electrolyte/membrane films 5 to 20 microns thick may be formed on a pre-sintered substrate by a constrained sintering process. In some cases, the substrate may be a porous metal, alloy, or non-nickel cermet incorporating one or more of the transition metals Cr, Fe and Cu, or alloys thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides methods of retentate chromatography for resolving analytes in a sample. The methods involve adsorbing the analytes to a substrate under a plurality of different selectivity conditions, and detecting the analytes retained on the substrate by desorption spectrometry. The methods are useful in biology and medicine, including clinical diagnostics and drug discovery.

Abstract: A method of producing an electrochromic device, includes the steps of: providing a first electron conducting layer on a substrate, providing a working electrode in communication with the first electron conducting layer, providing an ion conducting layer in communication with the working electrode, providing an ion storage electrode in communication with the ion conducting layer, and providing a second electron conducting layer in communication with the ion storage electrode, wherein at least one and less than all of the providing steps include(s) plasma chemical vapor deposition. An electrochromic device produced by the method of the invention is disclosed, as is an apparatus adapted to perform the method of the invention, including plasma CVD devices and vacuum sputtering devices.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of making a sensor comprises: forming a slurry comprising a metal oxide, a binder, an acetate, and a reducing material, applying the slurry to at least a portion of a sensing element comprising two electrodes with an electrolyte disposed therebetween, and calcining the slurry to form a protective coating. In one embodiment, a gas sensor, comprises: a sensing element comprising a sensing electrode and a reference electrode having an electrolyte disposed therebetween, and a protective coating disposed over the sensing electrode, wherein the protective coating comprises aluminum oxide, an alpha alumina and about 2 wt % to about 15 wt % solid solution, based upon the total weight of the protective coating.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a nanostructured solid oxide fuel cell includes dispersing ceria and doped ceria nanoparticles in a first colloidal solution, atomizing the first colloidal solution into a spray, depositing the spray onto a substrate to form a thin film electrolyte, dispersing a nanocomposite powder including ceria and CuO in the first solution, forming a second colloidal solution, atomizing the second colloidal solution into a second spray, and depositing the second spray over the thin film electrolyte as an interfacial layer.

Abstract: A method for producing a solid electrolyte layer, of a fully stabilized zirconium oxide layer on a substrate includes adding a sintering additive to a ZrO2-starting material, a liquid phase is formed during a sintering process and liquid phase sintering is possible at a reduced temperature in comparison with the required sintering temperature without the sintering additive. The reduced sintering temperature substantially prevents the formation of a foreign phase layer between the substrate and the gas-tight layer applied thereon, being of fully stabilized ZrO2. The method is particularly suitable for producing a solid electrolyte layer on a cathode of a high temperature fuel cell and in a sensor.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescent device having a functional layer formed by at least a light emitting layer positioned between a pair of electrodes, the method includes the steps of storing a liquid material in a container, the liquid material obtained by dissolving a material for forming the functional layer in a solvent or by dispersing the material for forming the functional layer in a dispersion medium, removing clusters contained in the liquid material, supplying the liquid material to a droplet discharge head, discharging the liquid material from the droplet discharge head, and forming the functional layer by discharging the liquid material onto a substrate.