Abstract: Described herein is a dishwashing detergent formulation, including (a) 1-15% by weight of the total composition of (a1) at least one of polyaspartic acid or modified polyaspartic acid or salts thereof, and (a2) at least one graft copolymer composed of wherein the weight ratio of (a1):(a2) is from 20:1 to 1:12; (b) 0-60% by weight of complexing agent; (c) 0.1-80% by weight of builders and/or cobuilders; (d) 0.1-20% by weight of nonionic surfactants; (e) 0-30% by weight of bleaches and bleach activators; (f) 0-10% by weight of enzymes and enzyme stabilizers; and (g) 0-50% by weight of additives.

Abstract: Present disclosure relates to a solvent-free method of encapsulating a hydrophobic active in personal care, hydrophobic active in crop protection or a hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in polymeric nanoparticles. The method includes mixing the hydrophobic active in a polymer melt, wherein the polymer melt comprises a melt of a block co-polymer, wherein the polymer melt acts as a solvent for the hydrophobic active. The method further includes maintaining the polymer melt in water for sufficient time to allow self-assembly of the block co-polymer to encapsulate the hydrophobic active therein.

Abstract: Natural and/or synthetic antibodies for specific proteins are adhered to nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are adhered to a substrate and the substrate is exposed to a sample that may contain the specific proteins. The substrates are then tested with surface enhanced Raman scattering techniques and/or localized surface plasmon resonance techniques to quantify the amount of the specific protein in the sample.

Abstract: A reloadable microcapsule contains a microcapsule core and a microcapsule wall encapsulating the microcapsule core. The microcapsule core contains a hydrophobic core solvent and a hydrophilic core solvent, and the microcapsule wall, formed of an encapsulating polymer, is permeable to the hydrophilic core solvent. Also disclosed are methods of preparing the reloadable microcapsule and consumer products having the microcapsules.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a kit for quantitatively determining a bile acid, in which it is possible to improve measurement accuracy by sufficiently dissociating the bile acid from a polymer component, and to rapidly carry out the quantitative determination of the bile acid with high accuracy under various environments, and a method for quantitatively determining the bile acid. According to the present invention, a kit for quantitatively determining a bile acid in a biological sample, including a compound represented by General Formula (I) defined in the present specification in a dry state; a fluorescent particle that has a first binding substance capable of binding to the bile acid; and a substrate that has a detection region having a second binding substance capable of binding to any one of the bile acid and the first binding substance, is provided.

Abstract: Solid microcapsules are prepared by adding, with stirring, a composition having at least one active ingredient to a photocrosslinkable polymeric composition to obtain an emulsion, and adding the emulsion, with stirring, to a viscous composition. The viscosity of the viscous composition is greater than 2000 mPa·s at 25° C. A double emulsion is obtained, to which shear is applied at a rate less than 1000 s?1, to obtain a sheared emulsion. Polymerization of the sheared emulsion is accomplished by photopolymerization.

Abstract: A composition comprising: (a) a hydrophilic polyurethane comprising polymerized units of: (i) a water-soluble polyol having hydroxyl functionality from two to four and a weight-average molecular weight from 800 to 16,000; and (ii) an aliphatic polyisocyanate having isocyanate functionality from two to six; wherein polymerized ethylene oxide units comprise at least 85 wt % of said hydrophilic polyurethane; and at least one of: (b) a saccharide having at least 5 hydroxyl groups and Mw from 300 to 4,000; (c) a dispersant polymer having Mw from 700 to 50,000 and from 10 to 55 wt % polymerized residues of C3-C6 carboxylic acid monomer and (d) a surfactant having HLB>11 and 12 to 100 polymerized units of ethylene oxide.

Abstract: A medical device for insertion or implantation in a body includes a polymer substrate and a layer of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-alt-maleic anhydride) formed on a surface of the polymer substrate. Polymer chains of the poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-alt-maleic anhydride) are entangled with the polymer substrate.

Abstract: A toner including a toner particle having a core-shell structure that has a core formed from a resin 1 and a shell formed from a resin 2 on the surface of the core, wherein the resin 1 contains more than 50 mass % of an ester group-containing olefin-based copolymer, the ester group-containing olefin-based copolymer has a monomer unit Y1 represented by formula (1) below, and at least one type of monomer unit Y2 selected from the group consisting of monomer units represented by formula (2) and formula (3) below, the ester group concentration in the ester group-containing olefin-based copolymer is from 2 mass % to 18 mass %, and the resin 2 is an amorphous resin having a Tg value of from 50° C. to 70° C.

Abstract: Provided is a method of forming gigantic quantum dots including following steps. A first precursor by mixing zinc acetate (Zn(ac)2), cadmium oxide (CdO), a surfactant, and a solvent together and then performing a first heat treatment is provided. The first precursor includes Zn-complex having the surfactant and Cd-complex having the surfactant. A second precursor containing elements S and Se and trioctylphosphine (TOP) is added into the first precursor to form a reaction mixture. A second heat treatment is performed on the reaction mixture and then cooling the reaction mixture to form the gigantic quantum dots in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: To provide a tread rubber composition permitting improvement in wet performance without causing worsening of performance with respect to reduction in fuel consumption and/or wear-resistance. Relates to a tread rubber composition comprising a rubber component and particle-encapsulating microcapsules. The particle-encapsulating microcapsules comprise particles and capsule-like organic compound that encapsulates the particles.

Abstract: The present application relates to encapsulated benefit agents, compositions comprising such encapsulated benefit agents and processes for making and using compositions comprising such encapsulated benefit agents. Such encapsulated benefit agents eliminate or minimize one or more of the drawbacks of current encapsulated benefit agents and thus provide formulators with additional perfume delivery opportunities.

Abstract: Novel, nano-structured particles are formed by introducing a selected solid of interest into a structured fluid matrix formed by a dispersion of a small molecule host vessel, such as a native or modified polysaccharide, cavitand, simple sugar, simple polyol or other similarly structured molecule known to be useful as a host vessel, in an acidic medium or other solvent, whereby the particle size of the introduced solid is reduced and or limited by incorporation into the host vessel. The simple, one-step mixing process results in stabilized colloidal dispersions of the nanoparticles useful in a wide variety of applications.

Abstract: A feed additive composition includes a protective agent, lecithin in an amount of 0.05 to 6% by weight relative to a total weight of the composition, a basic amino acid in an amount of at least 40% by weight and less than 65% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, and water. A method of producing a feed additive composition includes preparing a molten mixture of at least one protective agent, lecithin and at least one basic amino acid, and solidifying the molten mixture by immersing the molten mixture in water or an aqueous liquid. The protective agent includes hydrogenated vegetable oils and/or hydrogenated animal oils having melting points of greater than 50° C. and less than 90° C.

Abstract: The present invention refers to new microspheres including pancreatic enzymes, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and a process to obtain them. The process here described doesn't involve the use of solvents and proves to be remarkably shorter and efficient than the producing methods of the prior arts. The microspheres obtained, including one or more pancreatic enzymes, one or more hydrophilic low-melting polymers and eventual excipients, have an high enzymatic activity, bio-availability and stability.

Abstract: A food additive composition for ruminants of the dispersion type and a method of continuously producing the same. This food additive composition for ruminants, which contains 40% by weight or more but less than 65% by weight of a basic amino acid and has rumen bypass properties, is formulated into granules in an arbitrary shape which are scarcely classified when added to a silage or another feed. Thus, attempts have been made to develop a method of producing granules by which the milk yield of a lactation cow can be increased. Namely, it is intended to provide a food additive composition for ruminants which contains at least one protecting agent selected from among a hardened vegetable oil and a hardened animal oil having a melting point higher than 50° C. but lower than 90° C., 0.05 to 6% by weight of lecithin, water and 40% by weight or more but less than 65% by weight of a basic amino acid.

Abstract: A feed additive composition includes a protective agent, lecithin in an amount of 0.05 to 6% by weight relative to a total weight of the composition, a basic amino acid in an amount of at least 40% by weight and less than 65% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, and water. A method of producing a feed additive composition includes preparing a molten mixture of at least one protective agent, lecithin and at least one basic amino acid, and solidifying the molten mixture by immersing the molten mixture in water or an aqueous liquid. The protective agent includes hydrogenated vegetable oils and/or hydrogenated animal oils having melting points of greater than 50° C. and less than 90° C.

Abstract: A semiconductor nanocrystal-polymer micronized composite that includes: at least one semiconductor nanocrystal; and a polymer surrounding the at least one semiconductor nanocrystal, wherein the polymer includes at least one functional group reactive with the semiconductor nanocrystal, and wherein the semiconductor nanocrystal-polymer micronized composite has a particle diameter of less than or equal to about 70 micrometers (?m) with a standard deviation of less than or equal to about 20 micrometers (?m), and an aspect ratio of more than about 1.0 and less than or equal to about 10.

Abstract: A lithium-ion capacitor may include a cathode, an anode, a separator disposed between the cathode and the anode, a lithium composite material, and an electrolyte solution. The cathode and anode may be non-porous. The lithium composite material comprises a core of lithium metal and a coating of a complex lithium salt that encapsulates the core. In use, the complex lithium salt may dissolve into and constitute a portion of the electrolyte solution.

Abstract: Hybrid hydrogels formed of a plurality of peptides that are capable of self-assembling into a hydrogel in an aqueous solution and a biocompatible polymer that is characterized by high swelling capability, high elasticity and low mechanical strength are disclosed, with exemplary hybrid hydrogels being formed of a plurality of aromatic dipeptides and hyaluronic acid. The hybrid hydrogels are characterized by controllable mechanical and biological properties which can be adjusted by controlling the concentration ratio of the peptides and the polymer, and which average the mechanical and biological properties of the peptides and the polymer. Processes of preparing the hydrogels and uses thereof in pharmaceutical, cosmetic or cosmeceutic applications such as tissue engineering and/or regeneration are further disclosed.

Abstract: In one aspect, hollow nanoparticles are described herein. In some embodiments, a hollow nanoparticle comprises a metal shell and a cavity substantially defined by the shell, wherein the shell has a thickness greater than or equal to about 5 nm and the cavity has a curved surface. In another aspect, methods of making hollow nanoparticles are described herein. In some embodiments, a method of making hollow nanoparticles comprises forming a plurality of gas bubbles and forming a shell on the surface of at least one of the plurality of gas bubbles, wherein at least one of the gas bubbles is electrochemically generated. In another aspect, composite particles are described herein. In some embodiments, a composite particle comprises at least one nanoparticle and a polycrystalline metal shell substantially encapsulating at least one nanoparticle, wherein at least one surface of at least one nanoparticle is not in contact with the shell.

Abstract: This invention relates to particles comprising a pigment core particle encapsulated by a polymer, a process for their preparation, electrophoretic fluids comprising such particles, and electrophoretic display devices comprising such fluids.

Abstract: A capsule having a solid core, a primary shell of liquid encapsulating the solid core and a secondary shell of particles encapsulating the primary shell. The primary and secondary shells are generally repulsive to each other. Also provided is a process for the manufacture of capsules and a process for the manufacture of a magnetic body.

Abstract: This invention relates to particles for electrophoretic displays, a process for their preparation, electrophoretic fluids comprising such particles, and electrophoretic display devices comprising such fluids.

Abstract: This method of preparing particles having a hydrophilic core coated with a hydrophilic core coated with a hydrophobic polymeric layer includes the steps of: preparing an aqueous phase comprising at least one hydrophilic optical brightener or colorant; preparing an organic phase including at least one hydrophobic polymer; forming a water-in-oil inverse emulsion by adding the aqueous phase into the organic phase; forming the particles by thermal quenching of the emulsion; and isolating the particles thus obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a simple and economical process for preparation of metal-coated non-metallic nano/micro particles. The nano/micro particles are composed of a core and metallic coat over the core using silver or other transition/noble metals. The core of the non-metallic nano/micro particles are selected from inorganic material such as silica, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, or emulsion grade polyvinyl chloride and other polymers prepared by emulsion process including porous polymers. The metal coating is selected from the transition/noble metals such as copper, nickel, silver, palladium, platinum, osmium, ruthenium, rhodium, and such other metals and their combinations that are easily reducible to elemental metal.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, a compressed gaseous fuel storage pellet is provided comprising a gas adsorbent material and a thermally conductive material extending substantially an entire dimension of the pellet and having a thermal conductivity of at least 75 W/mK. The pellet may include at least two layers of gas adsorbent material spaced apart along a compression direction of the pellet and a substantially continuous layer of the thermally conductive material disposed between the at least two layers of gas adsorbent material. The pellet may further include thermally conductive projections which intersect the layer(s) of thermally conductive material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a substrate which comprises oligogalacturonides. More particularly, the present invention provides a disposable absorbent article which comprises the substrate having the oligogalacturonides. The present invention also provides a process for manufacturing a disposable absorbent article comprising the substrate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for forming hollow silica-based particles suitable for containing one or more active ingredients or for containing other smaller particles which may include one or more active ingredients. In the method, an emulsion is prepared including a continuous phase that is polar or non-polar, and a dispersed phase comprising droplets including (i) a polar active ingredient when the continuous phase is non-polar or (ii) a non-polar active ingredient when the continuous phase is polar; and a prehydrolyzed silica precursor is added to the emulsion such that the silica precursor can be emulsion templated on the droplets to form hollow silica-based particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a fluoride fluorescent material, comprising: contacting a fluoride particles represented by the following general formula (I): K2[M1?aMn4+aF6]??(I) wherein M is at least one member selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Groups 4 and 14 of the Periodic Table, and a satisfies the relationship: 0<a<0.2; with a solution containing alkaline earth metal ions in the presence of a reducing agent to form an alkaline earth metal fluoride on the surface of the fluoride particles.

Abstract: Provided herein are core-shell silica nanoparticles with a dense silica shell. The nanoparticles have improved properties such as, for example, increased photo luminescence and stability. Also provided are methods for making the nanoparticles.

Abstract: Simplified and improved processes are provided for manufacturing titanium dioxide pigments including a surface treatment whereby a plurality of inorganic oxides or a combination of one or more inorganic oxides with one or more inorganic phosphates are applied to a titanium dioxide base pigment. Aqueous acid-soluble sources of the desired inorganic oxides and/or phosphates are predissolved in an aqueous acid, and these can be added on a batch wise or more preferably on a continuous basis to an alkaline slurry containing the titanium dioxide base pigment and to which aqueous alkaline-soluble sources of the desired inorganic oxides are being or have been added previously. Co-precipitation of the oxides and/or oxides and phosphates is then accomplished by an adjustment of the pH, to provide a surface treated pigment with excellent homogeneity of the deposited mixed oxides and/or oxides and phosphates.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a solvent having particles with a primary particle diameter of less than 100 nm to which a surface modification agent is bonded and also having compounds not bonded to the respective surfaces of the particles is made to contact a trap material larger than the particles while the solvent is in a supercritical state. The compounds in the solvent not bonded to the respective surfaces of the particles are trapped by the trap material and removed.

Abstract: A method for controlling a particle diameter and a particle diameter distribution of emulsion particles during manufacturing of an emulsion dispersion is provided. The method includes causing two or more types of liquids substantially immiscible with each other to continuously and sequentially pass through net bodies. The net bodies are disposed in a cylindrical flow passage at intervals of 5 to 200 mm, and the number of the net bodies is more than 50 and 200 or less. Each of the net bodies is equivalent to a gauze having a mesh number of 35 mesh to 4000 mesh in accordance with an ASTM standard and has a surface that intersects the direction of the flow passage. An emulsification apparatus used for the method includes a feed pump for feeding two or more types of liquids substantially immiscible with each other; and a cylindrical flow passage to which the two or more types of liquids fed by the feed pump are delivered.

Abstract: The invention relates to particulate lithium metal composite materials, stabilized by alloy-forming elements of the third and fourth primary group of the PSE and method for production thereof by reaction of lithium metal with film-forming element precursors of the general formulas (I) or (II): [AR1R2R3R4]Lix (I), or R1R2R3A-O-AR4R5R6 (II), wherein: R1R2R3R4R5R6=alkyl (C1-C12), aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy-, or halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), independently of each other; or two groups R represent together a 1,2-diolate (1,2-ethandiolate, for example), a 1,2- or 1,3-dicarboxylate (oxalate or malonate, for example) or a 2-hydroxycarboxylate dianion (lactate or salicylate, for example); the groups R1 to R6 can comprise additional functional groups, such as alkoxy groups; A=boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, silicon, germanium, tin, lead; x=0 or 1 for B, Al, Ga, In, Tl; x=0 for Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; in the case that x=0 and A=B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, R4 is omitted, or with polymers comprising one or more of the elements B, Al, Ga,

Abstract: The invention relates to granular pumice, wherein the surface is covered with a hydrophobic coating.

Abstract: We disclose novel metallic nanoparticles coated with a thin protective carbon shell, and three-dimensional nano-metallic sponges; methods of preparation of the nanoparticles; and uses for these novel materials, including wood preservation, strengthening of polymer and fiber/polymer building materials, and catalysis.

Abstract: According to various embodiments the present disclosure provides porous particles and methods and apparatus for forming porous microparticles. According to a specific embodiment, the present disclosure provides microparticles with multi-nodal porosity and methods for forming the same. According to a still further embodiment, the present disclosure provides microfluidic device-based methods for forming microparticles with multi-nodal nanoporosity. Furthermore, the present disclosure provides populations of monodisperse mesoporous microparticles with multi-nodal nanoporosity and methods and apparatus for forming the same. According to a specific embodiment, the present disclosure provides populations of monodisperse mesoporous microparticles formed using a microfluidic device.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a coating composition comprising a treated inorganic core particle, having improved dispersability, prepared by a process comprising: heating a slurry comprising porous silica treated inorganic core particle and water at a temperature of at least about 90° C., more typically about 93 to about 97° C., still more typically about 95 to about 97° C.; and adding a soluble alumina source to the slurry while maintaining the pH at about 8.0 to 9.5 to form an alumina treatment on the porous silica treated inorganic core particle; wherein the treated inorganic core particle does not comprise dense silica or alumina treatments, and has silica present in the amount of about 7% to about 14% and alumina present in the amount of about 4.0% to about 8.0%; and wherein the particle to particle surface treatments are substantially homogeneous.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a process for preparing a treated inorganic core particle having improved dispersability comprising: (a) heating a slurry comprising porous silica treated inorganic core particle and water at a temperature of at least about 90° C.; and (b) adding a soluble alumina source to the slurry from step (a) while maintaining the pH at about 8.0 to 9.5 to form an alumina treatment on the porous silica treated inorganic core particle; wherein the treated inorganic core particle does not comprise dense silica or alumina treatments, and has silica present in the amount of at least about 7% up to about 14% and alumina present in the amount of about 4.0% to about 8.0%; and wherein the particle to particle surface treatments are substantially homogeneous.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a laminate paper comprising a treated inorganic core particle, in particular treated titanium dioxide (TiO2) particle, having improved dispersability, prepared by a process comprising: (a) heating a slurry comprising porous silica treated inorganic core particle and water at a temperature of at least about 90° C.; and (b) adding a soluble alumina source to the slurry from step (a) while maintaining the pH at about 8.0 to 9.5 to form an alumina treatment on the porous silica treated inorganic core particle; wherein the treated inorganic core particle does not comprise dense silica or alumina treatments, and has silica present in the amount of about 7% to about 14% and alumina present in the amount of about 4.0% to about 8.0%; and wherein the particle to particle surface treatments are substantially homogeneous.

Abstract: Methods to produce pH-sensitive microparticles that have an active agent dispersed in a polymer matrix have certain advantages over microcapsules with an active agent encapsulated in an interior compartment/core inside of a polymer wall. The current invention relates to pH-sensitive microparticles that have a corrosion-detecting or corrosion-inhibiting active agent or active agents dispersed within a polymer matrix of the microparticles. The pH-sensitive microparticles can be used in various coating compositions on metal objects for corrosion detecting and/or inhibiting.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing microparticles or nanoparticles of water-soluble and water-insoluble substances by controlled precipitation, co-precipitation and self-organization processes in microjet reactors, a solvent, which contains at least one target molecule, and a nonsolvent being mixed as jets that collide with each other in a microjet reactor at defined pressures and flow rates and thereby effect very rapid precipitation, co-precipitation or a chemical reaction, during the course of which microparticles or nanoparticles are formed.

Abstract: Implantable materials may be used in an iatrogenic site. Applications include radioopaque materials for fiducial marking. Applications include a method of treating a patient with a pharmaceutically acceptable implant system comprising implanting a collection of pharmaceutically acceptable, covalently-crosslinked hydrogel particles, wherein the collection comprises a plurality of sets of the particles, with the sets having different rates of biodegradation.

Abstract: The invention provides a coated inorganic oxide pigment. The inventive coated inorganic oxide pigment comprises an inorganic oxide base pigment, a porous inorganic coating formed on the base pigment, and a dense inorganic coating formed on the base pigment. The porous inorganic coating and dense inorganic coating each consist essentially of a material selected from the group consisting of silica and alumina. In another aspect, the invention provides a method of manufacturing a coated inorganic oxide pigment. In yet another aspect, the invention provides a polymer composition comprising a base polymer, and a coated inorganic oxide pigment admixed with the base polymer.

Abstract: A surface coating method and a method for reducing irreversible capacity loss of a lithium rich transitional oxide electrode are disclosed herein. In an example of the surface coating method, a dispersion of a lithium rich transitional oxide powder and an oxide precursor or a phosphate precursor in a liquid is formed. The liquid is evaporated. The forming and evaporating steps are carried out in the absence of air to prevent precipitation of the oxide precursor or the phosphate precursor. Hydrolyzation of the oxide precursor or the phosphate precursor is controlled under predetermined conditions, and an intermediate product is formed. The intermediate product is annealed to form an oxide coated lithium rich transitional oxide powder or the phosphate coated lithium rich transitional oxide powder.

Abstract: A renewable material for releasing a self-healing agent includes a renewable polymeric substrate with capsules and a reactant dispersed in the renewable polymeric substrate. The capsules may be formed from a first renewable shell polymer and may enclose the renewable self-healing agent. The reactant may be suitable for reacting with the renewable self-healing agent to form a polymer.

Abstract: Biocompatible microparticles include an ophthalmically active cyclic lipid component and a biodegradable polymer that is effective, when placed into the subconjunctival space, in facilitating release of the cyclic lipid component into the anterior and posterior segments of an eye for an extended period of time. The cyclic lipid component can be associated with a biodegradable polymer matrix, such as a matrix of a two biodegradable polymers. Or, the cyclic lipid component can be encapsulated by the polymeric component. The present microparticles include oil-in-water emulsified microparticles. The subconjunctivally administered microparticles can be used to treat or to reduce at least one symptom of an ocular condition, such as glaucoma or age related macular degeneration.

Abstract: To provide resin particles which are excellent in electrostatic properties, thermal resistance storage stability, and thermal properties and have uniform particle diameter. The invention is the resin particles (D) having a structure formed by depositing resin particles (A) comprising a first resin (a) having an initial softening temperature of 40 to 270° C., a glass transition temperature of 20 to 250° C., a flow temperature of 60 to 300° C., and difference of the glass transition temperature and the flow temperature in a range of 0 to 120° C. or a film (P) comprising the resin (a) on the surfaces of resin particles (B) comprising a second resin (b), wherein the surface coverage of the resin particles (B) with the resin particles (A) or the film (P) is 0.1 to 4.9%.

Abstract: A process of forming a population of microcapsules is described comprising a liquid hydrophilic core material and a wall material at least partially surrounding the core material. The liquid hydrophilic core material can be anionic, cationic, or neutral but polar. The microcapsule population is formed by providing liquid hydrophilic core material; providing an oil continuous phase which is low boiling and preferably nonflammable, the oil continuous phase comprising preferably one or more organic oil materials such as esters with chain length up to about 42 carbons. A mixture is formed by dispersing the liquid hydrophilic material in the oil continuous phase. Either an oil soluble or dispersible monofunctional amine acrylate or monofunctional amine methacrylate, along with acid; or alternatively monofunctional acid acrylate or monofunctional acid methacrylate along with base; or alternatively, monofunctional amine acrylate or monofunctional amine methacrylate along with acid acrylate or methacrylate; is added.