Abstract: A disclosed substrate processing apparatus comprises a heat exchange plate configured to heat and/or cool the substrate; plural protrusions provided on the heat exchange plate so as to allow the substrate to be placed on the plural protrusions, leaving a gap between the substrate and the heat exchange plate; a suction portion configured to attract the substrate onto the plural protrusion by suction through plural holes formed in the heat exchange plate; and a partition member that is provided on the heat exchange plate and lower than the plural protrusions, wherein the partition member is configured to divide the gap into two or more regions including at least one of the holes so that at least one of the two or more regions is two-dimensionally closed by the partition member.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for stabilizing an incidental coating in a substrate coating apparatus is provided. The method includes defining interior surfaces of a coating zone in the substrate coating apparatus. The method may include preheating interior surfaces to a local preheat temperature that is approximately equal to a local coating temperature attained by the surfaces during coating of a substrate, at least partially defining the interior surfaces with a compliant fabric, or at least partially defining the interior surfaces with a compliant fabric and preheating the interior surfaces.

Abstract: A method for coating a component of a turbo-machine. The method allows arranging a turbine rotor in the turbo-machine and introducing a coating material into the interior of the turbo-machine such that the rotor is coated. The rotor is rotated while it is being coated.

Abstract: A method for making a combustible fuel composition. At least one core component is granulated to a predetermined range of granule sizes. A metered portion of the granulated core component is formed into a generally planar core portion having a predetermined size and shape. A liquefied accelerant component is provided, and the core portion is at least partially immersed into the accelerant component such that the accelerant component at least one of coats the core portion and is absorbed by the core portion, thereby forming a briquette.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous coating composition which comprises a mixture of polyvinylpyrrolidone, a surfactant and optionally an adhesion-promoting polymer. This mixture is suitable for inline coating of biaxially oriented polyester films. The thus obtained films feature a characteristic hydrophilic surface which prevents the fogging of the films with water droplets.

Abstract: An oxide film 13 on the surface of the substrate 11 and an inner wall oxide film 112 in a COP 111 exposed to the surface of the substrate 11 are removed by cleaning the surface of the substrate 11 with a hydrofluoric acid solution. The substrate 11 is then cleaned with ozone water, thereby forming an oxide film 13 on the surface of the substrate 11. Thereafter the substrate 11 is subjected to a heat treatment for removing the oxide film 13 on the surface of the substrate 11. Consequently, the COP 111 on the surface of the substrate 11 is planarized to be eliminated from the substrate surface. Thereafter an epitaxial layer 12 is formed on the surface of the substrate 11.

Abstract: An apparatus for spraying spacers with an alignment liquid, including a container for transporting the alignment liquid mixed with the spacers therein and a plurality of nozzles provided on a bottom of the container. The alignment liquid with spacers mixed therein is sprayed through the plurality of nozzles under a same inner pressure, thereby forming an alignment layer on the substrate supported.

Abstract: A coating method is disclosed that applies a coating to a product in a uniform and controlled manner. The coating method comprises a feeding step, an optional pre-treatment step, at least one coating step, and a finishing step. The coating step(s) comprise the use of a coating material feeder and a coating device. During the coating step(s), a substrate passes through an aperture in the coating device which, includes first and second shell portions, where the first shell portion has a concave surface surrounding the aperture portion. The second shell has a substantially flat face and a mirror aperture that aligns with the aperture of the first shell. The concave surface of the first shell and a groove formed along the perimeter of the aperture collect coating material for coating the object as it passes through the apertures of both shells.

Abstract: A method of coating a substrate comprises pre-heating an area of a surface layer of the substrate for a duration of time, and depositing a coating precursor material over the heated area within a preset time window of the heating step, wherein the temperature of the heated area remains suitable for enhancing the bond between the coating precursor material and the substrate. The pre-heating and coating steps may be repeated many times at desired frequency and over the entire area of the surface of the substrate, and may be conducted in a low pressure environment or vacuum. Also disclosed is an apparatus the inventive method which comprises a heating component, a depositing component for depositing intermittently a coating precursor material to the substrate, and a suitable controlling component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an enhanced sequential atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique suitable for deposition of barrier layers, adhesion layers, seed layers, low dielectric constant (low-k) films, high dielectric constant (high-k) films, and other conductive, semi-conductive, and non-conductive films. This is accomplished by 1) providing a non-thermal or non-pyrolytic means of triggering the deposition reaction; 2) providing a means of depositing a purer film of higher density at lower temperatures; and, 3) providing a faster and more efficient means of modulating the deposition sequence and hence the overall process rate resulting in an improved deposition method.

Abstract: An integrated circuit system includes providing an integrated circuit wafer; applying a first cleaning solution over the integrated circuit wafer; and applying a second cleaning solution over the integrated circuit wafer to prevent or remove a defect resulting from the first cleaning process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an ultra-thin soft conductive cloth, which includes the steps of providing a cloth interwoven with artificial fibers, thermal calendering the cloth at least once to reduce the thickness and increase the softness, and electroless plating the thermal calendered cloth for metallization, so as to form the ultra-thin soft conductive cloth having electromagnetic shielding effect.

Abstract: A method of forming a laminate of at least two layers including at least one aramid paper with at least one layer of polymer by calendering opposing surfaces of the aramid paper at different temperatures prior to laminate formation.

Abstract: A method for preparing a palladium-containing layer comprises the steps of cleaning a top surface of the porous substrate, modifying the top surface of the porous substrate to form a planar surface, performing a seeding process on the planar surface to adhere palladium nanoparticles on the planar surface and performing an electroless plating process to form the palladium-containing layer on the planar surface. The step of modifying the top surface of the porous substrate includes filling holes of the porous substrate with aluminum oxide particles, coating a sol-gel containing aluminum oxide or silicon oxide on the top surface of the porous substrate, The step of performing a seeding process on the planar surface includes exposing the planar surface of the porous substrate in a nanocolloidal solution having dispersed palladium nanoparticles derived from a palladium-containing species and a surfactant.

Abstract: A conductive diamond electrode including an electrode substrate comprising a material selected from the group consisting of a valve metal and an alloy based on the valve metal, at least a surface of the metal or alloy having been subjected to plasticization processing, or heat treatment in vacuum or inert atmosphere; and a conductive diamond film formed on the plasticization processed surface of the electrode substrate. When the electrode substrate is subjected to plasticization processing and heat treatment, peeling resistance of the conductive diamond film is improved, thereby an electrode life is prolonged.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to an improved process for the hydrothermal conversion of coral into hydroxyapatite, a process for coating an object with hydroxyapatite, a process for coating an object with a divalent metal phosphate and uses of objects prepared by these processes. Following the processes according to the present invention, the resultant hydroxyapatite has greater strength and bioactivity than that of the coral prior to its conversion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and an apparatus for applying a surface treatment composition to a photosensitive printing element during thermal processing. A photosensitive printing element is contacted with a web of absorbent material that is capable of absorbing material that is melted or softened from an imaged and exposed surface of a photosensitive printing element. The web of absorbent material is coated with a surface treatment composition to transfer the surface treatment composition from the web of absorbent material to the imaged and exposed surface of the photosensitive printing element. Applying the surface treatment composition during thermal processing provides for more complete and more uniform coverage of the surface treatment composition on the photosensitive printing element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of coated granular sodium percarbonate having a low TAM value. The preparation is carried out by fluidized-bed spray granulation at a temperature TG in the range from 45 to 75° C., and the coating is effected by the spray application of an aqueous solution containing at least one coating component in a fluidized bed at a temperature TU in the range from 35 to 100° C. According to the invention, a) after the fluidized-bed spray granulation but before the coating, drying is carried out at TNT of greater than TG, or b) the fluidized-bed granulation is carried out in at least two steps at TG1, TG2 . . . TGn, TG2 or TGn being higher than TG1, and drying being unnecessary if ? of the granulate have been formed at TG1, or c) drying takes place not after the granulation but after the coating, at TUNT, TUNT being at least 20° C. higher than TG.

Abstract: A porous silica particle suitable can be used in zwitterionic high performance liquid chromatography. The particle comprises covalently bound zwitterionic groups grafted through a polymerization reaction. A hydrophilic column packing material suitable for use as a stationary phase in zwitterionic high performance liquid chromatography may comprise porous silica particles. The particles may comprise covalently bound zwitterionic groups. Methods for manufacturing and applying the silica particles exist.

Abstract: An electrolytic electrode having an interlayer having more excellent peeling resistance and corrosion resistance and longer electrolytic life than conventional electrolytic electrodes and capable of flowing a large amount of current at the industrial level and a process of producing the same are provided. The electrolytic electrode includes a valve metal or valve metal alloy electrode substrate on the surface of which is formed a high-temperature oxidation film by oxidation, and which is coated with an electrode catalyst. The high-temperature oxidation film is integrated with the electrode substrate, whereby peeling resistance is enhanced. Further, by heating the high-temperature oxidation film together with the electrode catalyst, non-electron conductivity of the interlayer is modified, thereby making it possible to flow a large amount of current.

Abstract: Provided is a method for the application of a polymer coating to an internal surface of a container, which method comprises: (a) heating the inside surface of the container to be coated; (b) spraying an aqueous suspension of a fluorine-containing polymer onto the surface to form a coating on the surface; and (c) sintering the coating; wherein the container comprises a base and one or more side walls defining a container opening and is suitable for storing a medicament, and wherein the spraying step is conducted with a first spraying means configured to produce an axial spray pattern that is substantially conical about an axis perpendicular to the container base.

Abstract: A method of applying a moisture barrier seal to a fiber optic coil includes mounting a fiber optic coil in a vacuum deposition chamber, so as to expose a large exterior surface area of the fiber optic coil to an interior portion of the deposition chamber. The method further includes reducing the air pressure within the chamber to a value that is less than ambient pressure outside of the chamber. The method further includes introducing a vapor form of a non-porous material, preferably parylene, into the chamber. The vapor form of the non-porous material changes into a solid state upon contact with the fiber optic coil, so as to form a conformal coat on the fiber optic coil.

Abstract: Methods for synthesizing luminescent nanoparticles and nanoparticles prepared by such methods are provided. The nanoparticles are prepared by a method in which an additive is included in the reaction mixture. The additive may be a Group 2 element, a Group 12 element, a Group 13 element, a Group 14 element, a Group 15 element, or a Group 16 element. In additions, a luminescent nanoparticle is provided that comprises a semiconductive core surrounded by an inorganic shell, an interfacial region and an additive present in the interfacial region or both the interfacial region and the shell.

Abstract: Porous ceramic catalyst supports or filters to be provided with catalyst coatings via oxide washcoating processes are pre-coated with cross-linked polymer barrier layers to prevent washcoat nanoparticle intrusion into the microcracked and/or microporous surfaces of the ceramics, the barrier coatings being formed by thermally cross-linking hydrocarbon polymers that are vaporizable at moderate washcoat stabilization or catalyst activation temperatures and being preferentially.

Abstract: Cationic radiation curable inks do not exhibit ghosting when coated over by a solvent, solventless and radiation curable silicone release coatings. When aggressive solvent borne adhesives are cast over the ink applied to a substrate, and peeled off after drying, no ghosting is observed. The result is the ability to print graphics onto a substrate and cover the substrate with a silicone release coating and a coat with an adhesive layer that retains acceptable clarity after removal of the release coating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-component composite separate membrane and a method for preparing the same, and to a multi-component composite membrane comprising a support layer and active layers, wherein the support layer is located between the active layers.

Abstract: A method of passivating the surface of a substrate to protect the surface against corrosion, the surface effects on a vacuum environment, or both. The substrate surface is placed in a treatment environment and is first dehydrated and then the environment is evacuated. A silicon hydride gas is introduced into the treatment environment, which may be heated prior to the introduction of the gas. The substrate and silicon hydride gas contained therein are heated, if the treatment environment was not already heated prior to the introduction of the gas and pressurized to decompose the gas. A layer of silicon is deposited on the substrate surface. The duration of the silicon depositing step is controlled to prevent the formation of silicon dust in the treatment environment. The substrate is then cooled and held at a cooled temperature to optimize surface conditions for subsequent depositions, and the treatment environment is purged with an inert gas to remove the silicon hydride gas.

Abstract: [Problem] The object is to provide a resin film for metal sheet laminate which endures severe forming owing to excellent formability and impact resistance, and also to excellent adhesion after forming and heating, further gives stable performance independent of forming conditions, and also provides a laminated metal sheet, and a method for manufacturing the same. [Means for Resolution] The resin film for metal sheet laminate has a mixed resin in which a granular resin mainly existing in a state of grains having 0.1 to 5 ?m in diameter is dispersed in a polyester resin having a main basic skeleton of polyethylene terephthalate and/or isophthalic acid copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate, in a range from 3 to 30% by weight in entire resin. The granular resin is a modified polyolefin resin containing a functional group derived from carboxylic acid in a range from 2 to 20% by weight as carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A photomask and method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. A first material is deposited on at least a portion of a substrate to form a first material layer. Before completion of the deposition of the first material, a thermal treatment is applied to the substrate at a temperature greater than approximately 300 degrees Celsius.

Abstract: A method of forming a silicon oxide layer in a semiconductor manufacturing process includes forming a planar spin on glass (SOG) layer by coating an SOG composition onto a semiconductor substrate having a stepped portion formed thereon, pre-baking the substrate at a temperature of from about 100 to about 500° C. for about 1 to about 10 minutes, maintaining a loading temperature of a furnace into which the substrate will be loaded at about 500° C. or less, loading the substrate into the furnace, and main-baking the substrate at a temperature of from about 500 to about 1200° C. for about 10 to about 120 minutes to form a silicon oxide layer on the substrate. The SOG layer is transformed into the silicon oxide layer through an optimized process condition. Thus, the silicon oxide layer may have minimal defects and a good layer property.

Abstract: An optical fiber moisture sensor that can be used to sense moisture present in gas phase in a wide range of concentrations is provided, as well techniques for making the same. The present invention includes a method that utilizes the light scattering phenomenon which occurs in a porous sol-gel silica by coating an optical fiber core with such silica. Thus, a porous sol-gel silica polymer coated on an optical fiber core forms the transducer of an optical fiber moisture sensor according to an embodiment. The resulting optical fiber sensor of the present invention can be used in various applications, including to sense moisture content in indoor/outdoor air, soil, concrete, and low/high temperature gas streams.

Abstract: In a coating apparatus of slide bead type for applying a coating solution on a continuously-fed web, each of edge members has a edge member for regulating a width of coating solution flowing on a slide surface. A height Dg of a perpendicular wall of the edge member satisfies a condition Db?Dg?Ds, when Db is determined as a minimum thickness of bead formed by a coating solution, and Ds is determined as an upper limit of the upper limit of the height Dg. A distance between a web and a front end portion of the edge member is more than 100 ?m.

Abstract: A method of thermoplastic coating composite structures includes heating a tool. A thermoplastic layer is deposited onto the heated tool by thermal spraying a thermoplastic on the heated tool. Composite material is applied onto the thermoplastic layer. The thermoplastic layer and the composite material are then cured.

Abstract: The invention relates to multi-layer articles and methods of making such articles. The methods include first conditioning the surface of an underlying layer, such as a buffer layer or a superconductor layer, then disposing a layer of material on the conditioned surface. The conditioned surface can be a high quality surface. Superconductor articles formed by these methods can exhibit relatively high critical current densities.

Abstract: A ceramic tile includes a ceramic core material and an oxide ceramic matrix composite (CMC), where the ceramic core material has at least one surface covered by the oxide CMC. The oxide CMC includes a ceramic fiber, with a cured metal oxide ceramic material impregnating the ceramic fiber. An exemplary embodiment of the ceramic tile provided as part of the invention further includes a tough low temperature cure coating (TLTC) which infiltrates the ceramic core surface before it is covered by the oxide CMC. The TLTC includes a cured ceramic powder together with a binder. The metal oxide ceramic material impregnating the ceramic fiber, and the TLTC are co-cured, meaning that neither is cured when the CMC is wrapped around a surface of the TLTC-infiltrated ceramic core, and a curing step is performed on both uncured ceramic materials at the same time.

Abstract: A treatment method for preservation of plant leaves wherein the plant leaves are immersed in a dehydrating solvent consisting of acetone and ethyl alcohol to replace the tissue water and remove chlorophyll in the leaves by the dehydrating solvent. Thereafter, the leaves are immersed in a permeating solution containing polyethylene glycol and acetone for allowing polyethylene glycol to permeate the leaves for replacing the dehydrating solvent. Thereafter, the leaves are dyed with a coloring matter.

Abstract: A plastic product covered with a clear coating which is applied through an in-mold coating process. Covalent bonds hold the clear coating and the plastic substrate together, and the clear coating is capable of resisting delamination and of inhibiting fading of a pigmented surface underlying the clear coating.

Abstract: A component comprises a silicon-based substrate; and a protective coating for the substrate. The protective coating includes tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) and an additive for suppressing transformation from beta Ta2O5 to alpha Ta2O5.

Abstract: A silicon comprising film and its method of fabrication is described. The silicon comprising film is grown on a substrate. A hexachlorodisilane (HCD) source gas is one of the reactant species used to form the silicon comprising film. The silicon comprising film is formed under a pressure between 10 Torr and 350 Torr.

Abstract: A method for production of endless plastic hollow profiles, in particular tubes, comprises several production stages for the plastic tube and a coating stage for a metal coating. A reduced pressure is provided in the coating stage, whereby the metal is transferred into the gas phase and deposited on the tube as a surface layer homogeneously bonded thereto.

Abstract: A composition suitable for forming a primer layer on a polymer sheet comprising: a) polyethyleneimine; b) latex; wherein the latex has a Tg lower than 25° C. and c) a hydrophilic colloid material. A method of coating the composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for preheating golf ball covers prior to painting. The process comprises forming a golf ball with a cover, then heating the cover from about 90° F. to about 150° F. for 1 to 3 hours in a heated enclosure prior to applying a coat of primer or paint to the ball. This is done to accelerate the evaporation of paint solvents, immediately after the paint is applied. The painted balls are subsequently dried in a heated enclosure at about 105° F. to 108° F. All additional coats of primer or paint are applied in a similar fashion, wherein the balls are painted while still in the heated state and not cooled down.

Abstract: A component comprises a silicon-based substrate; and a protective coating for the substrate. The protective coating includes tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) and an additive for suppressing transformation from beta Ta2O5 to alpha Ta2O5.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for improving the reproducibility of chucking forces of an electrostatic chuck used in plasma enhanced CVD processing of substrates provides for precoating of the electrostatic chuck with a dielectric layer, such as SiO2, after every chamber cleaning process. The uniform and tightly bonded dielectric layer deposited on the electrostatic chuck eliminates the need for a cover wafer over the chuck surface during the chamber cleaning and provides for more reliable gripping of wafers.

Abstract: A substrate has an abrasion-resistant diffusion barrier layer system having: a hard base layer including a coating composition based on a polymer containing reactive surface groups; and a nanostructured topcoat obtained by applying a nanoscale composition comprising sol particles and/or particulate solids to the basecoat and then curing it. The system features good abrasion resistance and diffusion barrier effect, and is particularly suitable as a protective coat for plastic substrates.

Abstract: A silicon penetration device with increased fracture toughness and method of fabrication thereof are provided. The method comprises strengthening silicon penetration devices by thermally growing a silicon oxide layer on the penetration device and then subsequently stripping the silicon oxide. The method also includes strengthening silicon penetration devices through the sputtering of thin film coatings on the silicon penetration devices.

Abstract: An HSG-Si layer is formed on a wafer under a uniform temperature condition. An apparatus for forming the HSG-Si layer includes a housing forming a process chamber, a first heater on which the wafer is positioned fixed in place at the bottom of the process chamber, a second heater at the top of the process chamber, and a thermal insulator which prevents the heat generated by the first heater from being transferred to the outside of the process chamber. A temperature control system regulates the temperature of the heaters. A method of forming the HSG layer includes steps of placing the wafer on the first heater, using the heaters to remove moisture from the wafer, injecting a source gas of the HSG-Si toward the upper surface of the wafer to form amorphous silicon on the wafer, and annealing the wafer for a predetermined period of time to transform the amorphous silicon into an HSG-Si layer.

Abstract: The ALD process chamber has heating radiation sources and the process sequence includes rapid temperature changes on a substrate surface of a substrate arranged in the ALD process chamber. The temperature changes are controlled and the ALD and CVD processes are optimized by in situ temperature steps, for example in order to produce nanolaminates.

Abstract: After a first processing solution is spread over the front surface of a substrate and the temperature of the front surface of the substrate is regulated at a predetermined substrate temperature, a second processing solution is spread over the front surface of the substrate. The second processing solution can be spread while the front surface temperature of the substrate is maintained at the predetermined substrate temperature. Hence, a layer insulating film with good adhesion properties can be formed uniformly on the front surface of the substrate, and the quantity of the processing solution to be used can be reduced.

Abstract: A process and resulting thermoplastic article (10) is provided suitable for use in constructing furniture. The thermoplastic article (10) contains hardened particulates (20) such as powders of alumina oxide or ceramic microspheres which bring about an improved cut and scratch resistance to the surface of the articles. The hardened particulates (20) may be integrally mixed with the extruded product or applied post-molding to a surface of the shaped article. In addition, spherical additives may be included in the extrusion polymer which reduces shear forces and provides an improved wood grain appearance in the extruded article.