Abstract: An alignment layer to be used for liquid crystal displays each having at least two substrates with liquid crystals sealed therebetween is formed as follows: The substrates placed on each of several substrate trays are heated in a first load-lock chamber. At least one of the two substrates is irradiated with evaporated particles of oxide silicon (SiOx: 1.0≦x≦2.0) by vacuum deposition at an angle in the range from 45° to 60° from a direction of the normal line on the substrate surface to form an alignment layer thereon while the substrate trays are being moved in a layer-deposition chamber intermittently or sequentially. The substrate trays are cooled in a second load-lock chamber, thus producing substrates each formed the alignment layer thereon.

Abstract: In producing rod-form high-purity polycrystalline silicon by depositing silicon on a silicon core by the thermal decomposition of a silane gas, the occurrence of defects near the interface of the silicon core and polycrystalline silicon newly deposited thereon is prevented. A silicon core before depositing silicon thereon is subjected to a hydrogen treatment. In this case, the treatment temperature and the treatment time are controlled according to the dew point of the hydrogen gas. After the hydrogen treatment, the hydrogen gas in a reactor may be replaced with a high-purity hydrogen gas, followed by producing a polycrystalline silicon by a silane gas.

Abstract: The ALD process chamber has heating radiation sources and the process sequence includes rapid temperature changes on a substrate surface of a substrate arranged in the ALD process chamber. The temperature changes are controlled and the ALD and CVD processes are optimized by in situ temperature steps, for example in order to produce nanolaminates.

Abstract: A method of forming a thin polycrystalline silicon film and a thin film forming apparatus allowing inexpensive formation of a thin polycrystalline silicon film at a relatively low temperature with high productivity. More specifically, a method of forming a thin polycrystalline silicon film and a thin film forming apparatus in which a state of plasma is controlled to achieve an emission intensity ratio of hydrogen atom radicals (H&bgr;) of one or more to the emission intensity of SiH* radicals in the plasma.

Abstract: A thin film layer can be formed on a glass substrate by preheating the substrate, depositing an amorphous silicon precursor layer on the substrate at a first temperature, and annealing the substrate in a thermal processing chamber at a second temperature sufficiently higher than the first temperature to substantially reduce the hydrogen concentration in the precursor layer. The preheating and annealing steps can occur in the same thermal processing chamber. Then the precursor layer is converted to a polycrystaline silicon layer by laser annealing.

Abstract: In curtain coating for multiple layers consisting of lower most layer, uppermost layer and intermediate layer, using coating liquid having viscosity more than 300 mPas for one layer or more of multiple layers improves amazingly the curtain coating stability against disturbance such as passing spliced portion of running web. The one layer or more layers for which coating liquid having viscosity more than 300 mPas is to be used is selected from intermediate layer. The curtain coating stability is further improved by combining the high viscosity coating liquid for intermediate layer with other technologies such as electrifying web, heating web upstream of coating point and/or keeping web tension higher than some specified value.

Abstract: This invention comprises a coating for equipment parts, particularly including chemical mechanical polishing equipment parts and other equipment that may experience wear or contaminant build-up. The coating includes a fluoropolymer based material that may also contain a colorant or pigment to visually contrast with particles or slurry that is deposited on the parts during use. In some embodiments, multiple layers are applied in contrasting colors so that when a layer closer to the surface begins to wear a lower layer will be readily visible, signaling that re-coating or replacement will soon be required.

Abstract: A method for treating a metal enclosure to prevent the enclosure from being contaminated, comprises the steps of: (a) sand-blasting the enclosure; (b) preheating the enclosure to a predetermined temperature, and putting the enclosure into the space in a vacuum chamber between two electrodes; (c) introducing reactive gases into the vacuum chamber, the reactive gases including 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane and oxygen; (d) applying high electrical power to the electrodes to cause the reactive gases to become an ionized plasma, the plasma reacting with a surface of the enclosure to form a layer of silicon oxide thereon. The layer of silicon oxide resists formation of a fingerprint when it is touched by a user.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving interfacial chemical reactions in electroless depositions of metals, in which the substrate to be plated is pre-heated prior to its immersion in the various processing solutions that require elevated temperatures, and especially before immersion in the electroless plating solution. The pre-heating is carried out to a temperature that is needed to bring about the desired chemical reaction at the substrate-solution interface, allowing the bath of that process step to operate significantly below the temperature that would have been needed if the panel had not been pre-heated, and below the solution temperature of current practice. According to another aspect of the present invention, the electroless plating apparatus for plating a workpiece operates in a vertical mode and it comprises a heating station, with the panel to be plated returning to the heating station as dictated by the temperature required for a given process step.

Abstract: Provided is a dispenser for dispensing particles onto a surface comprising a hopper for receiving particles, wherein the hopper has an opening at its bottom, a screen having openings and located adjacent the opening of the hopper, wherein the screen openings are uniformly sized and spaced and are sufficiently large to let the largest particles pass through during dispensing yet sufficiently small to hold the particles back when the dispenser is not operating, and means, located outside of the hopper, for moving particles from the hopper through the screen, and onto the surface. Also provided is a method of making a web with embedded particles comprising the sequential steps of making the web receptive to the particles by heating, eliminating static charges present on the web, dispensing the particles onto the web, dispersing the particles to minimize particle clumping in the web, and embedding the dispensed particles in the web.

Abstract: A method of forming a coating of a polymer-based paint composition on a substrate (1) is disclosed The method is based on the use of pellets (13) rather than solid blocks of the paint composition. The method includes pre-heating a substrate (1) to a temperature that is above the glass transition temperature of the polymer of the paint composition and supplying pellets (13) of the paint composition to the surface of the substrate (1) whereby the pellets (13) progressively melt into a liquid state. Thereafter, the method includes forming a coating of the liquid paint composition on the substrate surface (1) and converting the liquid coating into a solid coating of the paint composition.

Abstract: A method for powder coating articles includes the steps of preheating the article to a preheating temperature, coating the article with a polymeric powder coating having a cross-linking temperature that is above the preheating temperature and curing the article having the powder coating applied thereto at a curing temperature. The curing temperature is between the powder coating cross-linking temperature and the melting point temperature of the articles. A system for carrying out the coating method is disclosed as is an article made by the method.

Abstract: A glass coating agent is provided which is adapted for application onto the surface of a glass substrate and, upon heating, forms a metal oxide layer.

Abstract: Colored roofing granules and methods for their preparations, having decorative metallic appearance and enhanced stability against discoloration of color containing a silica-encapsulated metallic flake or colored lamellar effect pigment distributed in an insolubilized alkali silicate coating.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a nanocrystallite from a M-containing salt forms a nanocrystallite. The nanocrystallite can be a member of a population of nanocrystallites having a narrow size distribution and can include one or more semiconductor materials. Semiconducting nanocrystallites can photoluminesce and can have high emission quantum efficiencies.

Abstract: A low cost process for self-forming a uniformly adherent protective rare earth silicate coating on a silicon-based ceramic component for protecting the component against corrosive/erosive environments. The coating is self-formed by an oxidation process of a silicon-based ceramic associated with a reaction between a silica (SiO2) film layer on the surface of silicon-based ceramic and the rare earth oxide existing inside of silicon-based ceramic component.

Abstract: A system for applying a polyurethane coating to a polyolefin floor tile, comprising a conveyor for moving the floor tile past a plurality of treatment devices, including a heater, a plasma generator, an applicator, and an ultraviolet light system. The heater and plasma generator increase the energy of the top surface of the floor tile, and the applicator applies a liquid polyurethane to the top surface while in the energized state. The ultraviolet light system then exposes the polyurethane to ultraviolet light to at least partially cure it.

Abstract: Ink and fixer compositions for printing on hydrophobic media. The ink compositions include a water soluble dye and a vehicle, the vehicle includes water, a glycol ether, a humectant, and a non-ionic surfactant. The fixer compositions include a fixing agent and a vehicle, the vehicle includes water, a glycol ether, a humectant, and a non-ionic surfactant.

Abstract: A method of brazing a metal work is disclosed, in which the work is heated to at least the softening temperature of resin and coated with a suspension constituted of a mixture of a flux and a binder, after which the work is brazed by being heated and dried. As a result, the binder (resin) attached to the surface of the work is softened and increases in stickiness. Even if foreign matter becomes attached to the work surface, therefore, the binder causes the flux to be firmly attached to (coupled with) the work surface together with the foreign matter. Thus, the flux can be securely coated (attached) on the work surface. The temperature of the work is not lower than the evaporation temperature of water. Even if oil becomes attached to the work surface, therefore, the water in the suspension is evaporated before it can be repelled by the oil, thus making it possible to prevent the flux from being repelled along with the water. In this way, the flux can be securely coated (attached) on the work surface.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for metalizing polyolefin film in which at least one outermost layer of the unmetalized polyolefin film has at least about 90% cycloolefin polymer that has not been subjected to a process for increasing surface tension before metalization. The metalized films are useful as dielectrics in capacitors.

Abstract: A system for applying a polyurethane coating to a polyolefin floor tile, comprising a conveyor for moving the floor tile past a plurality of treatment devices, including a heater, a plasma generator, an applicator, and an ultraviolet light system. The heater and plasma generator increase the energy of the top surface of the floor tile, and the applicator applies a liquid polyurethane to the top surface while in the energized state. The ultraviolet light system then exposes the polyurethane to ultraviolet light to at least partially cure it.

Abstract: A deposition process for coating a substrate with an ultrasonically generated aerosol spray is described. The resultant droplets are much smaller in size than those produced by conventional processes, thereby providing the present coating having an increased surface area. When the coated substrate is an electrode in a capacitor, a greater surface area results in an increased electrode capacitance. A preferred coating is of a ruthenium-containing oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tile for placing on walls, floors or the like using adhesive mortar. The inventive tile comprises a transparent glass layer and a colored layer which is placed on the rear side of the glass layer. In order to obtain a particular optical effect, the glass layer is heat treated and the colored layer is comprised of a lacquer, which is compatible with adhesive mortar.

Abstract: To provide a method of applying a primer in which film thickness of the primer is maintained constant to prevent pinholes, and a furnace is shortened as well. In a method of applying a primer to a back plate for a friction member, prior to applying the primer, the back plate is heated in advance. The temperature at which the back plate is preheated is set to be higher or equal to a temperature at which primer resin starts hardening within a range that the primer layer after hardening does not lose smoothness. When the primer is applied to the back plate preheated, the primer is immediately dried, and is hardened successively. At the preheating, even if the temperature is rapidly increased, a solvent for the primer does not bump, so that uniform film can be formed.

Abstract: A diamond coated cutting tool that has a treated substrate and a diamond coating thereon. In the process of making the substrate, the sintered substrate is re-sintered to form a re-sintered substrate and the re-sintered substrate is chemically treated to remove cobalt on the surface of the re-sintered substrate as to form a treated substrate.

Abstract: Described is a process for the region-wise transfer of a decorative layer of a transfer foil, which includes an activatable adhesive layer from a carrier film onto a substrate, wherein the adhesive layer of the transfer foil is partially activated before the actual stamping operation, more specifically in such a way that the adhesive layer experiences activation only in the surface regions in which the decorative layer is to be transferred onto the substrate. A transfer foil which is particularly suitable for that process has an absorption layer in the surface regions of the decorative layer, which are to be transferred onto the substrate, which absorption layer absorbs the radiation energy causing activation of the adhesive layer and activates the adhesive layer under the action of the absorbed radiation energy.

Abstract: A process for the metalization of substrates is disclosed. The metal either forms a coating over the entire substrate, or it is patternwise deposited on the substrate surface. Metal is patternwise formed on the substrate either by forming a pattern of resist material on the substrate and depositing the material in the interstices defined by the pattern or by forming a patterned resist layer over a metal layer and transferring the pattern into the substrate using conventional techniques. The patterned resist layer is formed on the substrate using conventional techniques. The substrate is treated with reagents that promote the electroless plating of metal on the substrate surface. If the resist material has been previously formed on the substrate surface, the substrate surface is then dried. The remaining resist is then removed from the substrate surface.

Abstract: Composition containing a chlorinated organotin derivative and a polyfluoroalkyl compound and/or a halo polyfluoroalkyl compound useful for CVD formation of fluorine doped tin oxide coatings.

Abstract: A substrate to be processed in a high temperature processing chamber is preheated to avoid the problems associated with thermal shock when the substrate is dropped onto a heated susceptor. Preheating is effected by holding the substrate over a susceptor maintained at or near the processing temperature until the temperature of the substrate approaches the processing temperature. Thus, wafer warping and breakage are greatly reduced, and wafer throughput is improved because of time saved in maintaining the susceptor at constant temperature without cool down and reheat periods.

Abstract: A method for depositing a high-k dielectric coating onto a substrate, such as a semiconductor wafer, is provided. The substrate is subjected to one or more reaction cycles. For instance, in a typical reaction cycle, the substrate is heated to a certain deposition temperature. Thereafter, in one embodiment, one or more reactive organo-metallic gas precursors are supplied to the reactor vessel. An oxidizing gas is also supplied to the substrate at a certain oxidizing temperature to oxidize and/or densify the layers. As a result, a metal oxide coating is formed that has a thickness equal to at least about one monolayer, and in some instances, two or more monolayers. The dielectric constant of the resulting metal oxide coating is often greater than about 4, and in some instance, is from about 10 to about 80.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a wicket conveyor for conveying a series of wickets through pre-curing, curing and post-curing sections of a curing system. The wicket conveyor forms a continuous loop, having a straight upper track portion, a straight lower track portion and a pair of curved end portions of track that adjoin each end of the straight upper and lower track potions. Each wicket is attached to the wicket conveyor track such that the plane of the wicket is oriented at a predetermined angle. B wicket picks up a horizontally oriented sheet and carries it toward the pre-curing section. The wicket and substrate sheet are reoriented in response to the contour of the conveyor, into a near vertical planar orientation. While in the near vertical orientation, liquid coatings on the surface of the sheet substrate move down the substrate sheet in “sheet flow,” thereby leaving a smooth coating surface prior to curing.

Abstract: Using a scan coating method, a liquid film is formed on a substrate having a temperature distribution for correcting a temperature distribution of a liquid film caused by the heat of evaporation due to the volatilization of a solvent contained in the liquid film, and then the solvent is removed from the liquid film to form a coating film.

Abstract: A process for producing a honeycomb structure, comprising the steps of: providing a substrate having cell walls in a honeycomb form and comprising SiO2, Al2O3 and MgO as the main chemical components, applying to said substrate a mixture of a component for lowering the cordierite crystal phase crystallization temperature of said substrate with a liquid medium, and firing said substrate with said mixture applied to form a honeycomb structure comprising a crystalline cordierite phase, said crystalline cordierite phase comprising 42-56% by mass of SiO2 30-42% by mass of Al2O3 and 12-18% by mass of MgO as the main chemical components.

Abstract: Chemical vapor deposition is used to form a film of Bi oxide, Sr oxide, and Ta oxide on a heated substrate by decomposing the precursors of these oxides at the surface of the substrate. The precursor of Bi oxide is a Bi complex which includes at least one alkoxide group and is decomposed and deposited at a temperature lower than 450° C. The film of Bi, Sr, and Ta oxides obtained by low-temperature CVD is predominantly non-ferroelectric, but can be converted into a ferroelectric film by a subsequent heating process.

Abstract: A method of producing a patterned magnetic nanostructure is disclosed. The method includes providing a substrate having a non-magnetic single layer or multi layer film that can be converted into a magnetic state by annealing and/or mixing. The method further includes positioning a mask having a desired pattern and resolution associated with the patterned magnetic nanostructure on or over the film. The method additionally includes subjecting the mask-covered substrate to a beam of radiation (focussed or unfocussed) having sufficient energy to locally anneal and/or mix the non-magnetic or weak-magnetic single-layer or multi layer film. Because of the mask effect, only the desired portions of the non-magnetic film are exposed to the beam of radiation. As such, the desired portions of the non-magnetic film are changed from a non-magnetic to a magnetic state to produce an array of magnetic elements in a non-magnetic matrix. The size of each magnetic element is dependent on the resolution of mask.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving interfacial chemical reactions in electroless depositions of metals, in which the substrate to be plated is pre-heated prior to its immersion in the various processing solutions that require elevated temperatures, and especially before immersion in the electroless plating solution. The pre-heating is carried out to a temperature that is needed to bring about the desired chemical reaction at the substrate-solution interface, allowing the bath of that process step to operate significantly below the temperature that would have been needed if the panel had not been pre-heated, and below the solution temperature of current practice. According to another aspect of the present invention, the electroless plating apparatus for plating a workpiece operates in a vertical mode and it comprises a heating station, with the panel to be plated returning to the heating station as dictated by the temperature required for a given process step.

Abstract: The present invention provides composition for treating a substrate comprising a homogeneous mixture of:

Abstract: A method of producing high quality optical surfaces is disclosed. The invention allows for the production of optical surfaces with complex geometry while retaining the high quality of the optical surface. A top layer is provided on a substrate. In order to adhere the top layer to the substrate, an adhesion layer is applied first. In the preferred embodiment, the substrate is an aluminum substrate, the adhesion layer includes a layer of zinc and a layer of nickel and the top layer is gold. The substrate is generally stress free in order to provide a flat surface with no undulations. This allows a relatively thin layer of gold to be applied which then can be diamond turned in order to achieve a reflective layer.

Abstract: A raw material mixed solution containing nitrate or alkoxide of metal that constitutes a ferrite is sprayed from an atomizer by means of a carrier gas such as compressed air onto a substrate mounted on a hot plate and heated to a predetermined temperature. The method enables a thin film having a desired thickness to be formed by a simple apparatus in a short time without sacrificing good soft magnetism of a ferrite, thereby greatly contributing to downsizing and weight reduction of electronic devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for depositing a parylene polymer barrier coating on a polymeric substrate for improving the chemical resistance of the substrate. The method comprises the steps of thoroughly treating a surface portion of the substrate to remove any contaminants, depositing at least one layer of parylene polymer on the contaminant-free surface portion via chemical vapor deposition, and then annealing each of the at least one layer of parylene polymer for a sufficient time. The present invention also relates to a composition for a barrier coating on a polymeric substrate comprising at least one layer of parylene polymer bonded to the surface of the polymeric substrate. The substrate can be a silicone rubber keypad.

Abstract: A method of providing a powder coating to MDF substrate panels wherein, by the differential treatment of the front and back surfaces of these panels, both surfaces can be coated at the same time and the effects of moisture and other volatile outgassing is controlled in such a way as to provide a blemish-free front facing surface with a minimal, but nonetheless acceptable, amount of blemishes on the opposite or back surface. Differential treatment is achieved by preparing each surface using different grades of sand-paper, applying different amounts of curing energy, whether infra-red or thermal, or by applying different thicknesses of coating to each surface.

Abstract: In the method for coating substrates the substrates are placed in recesses in a glass-ceramic plate or plates arranged over infrared high-temperature radiators with the surfaces to be coated on the radiators. The substrates are heated from below to the process temperature required for the coating. Subsequently the substrates are removed from the heating device, introduced into a coating chamber and coated. The preheating device for the substrates has two glass-ceramic plates that are placed loosely on top of each other and infrared high-temperature radiators. Substrate receptacles are provided in the glass-ceramic plates by approximately coincident recesses of different size in the plates so that the substrates can be held in close proximately to the radiators during the preheating.

Abstract: Methods for making metal matrix composite articles such as wires and tapes. The metal matrix composites include a plurality of substantially continuous, longitudinally positioned fibers in a metal matrix. The fibers are selected from the group of ceramic fibers, boron, carbon fibers, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method of producing formaldehyde laden layered products, the products having reduced emission of formaldehyde, of at least 2 layers, at least one of the layers being a board or veneer, comprising a step of treating at least one of the surfaces of said board or veneer, prior to bonding the layers together, with a solution comprising an inorganic sulphur containing salt. The invention also relates to a flooring material obtained by the method.

Abstract: A method of producing formaldehyde laden layered products, the products having reduced emission of formaldehyde, of at least 2 layers, at least one of the layers being a veneer, comprising a step of treating at least one of the surfaces of said veneer, prior to bonding the layers together, with a solution comprising an ammonium salt. The invention also relates to a flooring material obtained by the method.

Abstract: A target of fullerene is placed with a substrate in a vacuum chamber. A charged beam, i.e., an electron beam or an ion beam, is directed at the target with a power adequate to emit fullerene molecules from the target and not high enough to form significant amounts of fullerene having a higher molecular structure than the target fullerenes. Fullerene is deposited on the substrate. Regardless of the approach used to deposit the fullerenes, the substrate can be heated during deposition to a temperature above the fullerene-to-fullerene disorption temperature to form a coating consisting of an approximate monolayer of fullerene.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a resin thin film of the present invention includes supplying a liquid resin material and a gas to a two-fluid nozzle by pressure; ejecting the resin material in the form of atomized particles toward a heating member by the two-fluid nozzle, thereby adhering the resin material to the heating member; or mixing a liquid resin material with a gas; ejecting the resin material in form of atomized particles toward a heating member that is provided under reduced pressure, thereby adhering the resin material to the heating member; and evaporating the resin material on the heating member to obtain the evaporated resin material. Thus, the present invention can provide a resin thin film having a uniform thickness stably with simple means at a low cost. The resin thin film obtained by the present invention can be used in a wide range, for example a magnetic recording medium such as a magnetic tape, a wrapping material, and an electronic component.

Abstract: A substrate which has been subjected to heat processing in any of hot plate units is transferred to a normal cooling unit by a transfer device and subjected to cooling processing to some extent, and then transferred to a high accuracy cooling unit and subjected to cooling processing with high accuracy, and thereafter transferred to any of coating units or a developing units. Thereby, the substrate can be subjected to the cooling processing with high accuracy and thereafter to coating processing with no increase in apparatus cost and with no decrease in throughput.

Abstract: A deposition process for coating a substrate with an ultrasonically generated aerosol spray of a pseudocapacitive material, or a precursor thereof, contacted to a substrate heated to a temperature to instantaneously solidify the pseudocapacitive material or convert the precursor to a solidified pseudocapacitive metal compound, is described. The ultrasonic aerosol droplets are much smaller in size than those produced by conventional processes and the heated substrate minimizes the possibility of contamination, thereby providing the present coating having an increased surface area. When the coated substrate is an electrode in a capacitor, a greater surface area results in an increased electrode capacitance.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for environmental exchange control for a polymer on a wafer surface. An apparatus for controlling an exchange between an environment and a polymer on a surface of a wafer located in the environment includes: a chamber adapted to hold the wafer, define the environment, and maintain the polymer in an adjacent relationship with the environment; and a heater coupled to the chamber. A method for improving performance of a spin-on material includes: forming the spin-on material on a surface of a wafer; then locating the spin-on material in an environment so that said environment is adjacent said spin-on material; and then controlling an exchange between the spin-on material and said environment. The systems and methods provide advantages because inappropriate deprotection is mitigated by careful control of the environmental temperature and environmental species partial pressures (e.g. relative humidity).