Abstract: A method is described to provide a radiographic silver halide material by coating on at least one side of a support, covered with a hydrophobic subbing layer comprising as a latex copolymer vinylidene chloride, methylacrylate and itaconic acid, following hydrophilic layers: at least one gelatinous dye containing layer comprising one or more dyes, at least one silver halide emulsion layer, at least one protective antistress layer, and optionally an afterlayer, characterized in that said hydrophilic layers have a swelling ratio of not more than 200% and in that said hydrophilic layers are coated simultaneously by the slide-hopper coating or by the slide-hopper curtain coating technique.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for forming a water-repellent film on the surface of a transparent substrate (e.g., sheet glass). While the film on the coated substrate is dried, the temperature is controlled to fall between 15.degree. C. and 25.degree. C., the relative humidity is controlled to be 30% or preferably from 15% to 20%, and the speed of the air stream to be applied to the coated substrate is controlled to be 0.5 m/min or lower. The water-repellent film formed by the invention has a uniform thickness and good abrasion resistance.

Abstract: A method of coating moveable supports at high speeds comprises moving the support along a path through a coating zone, forming two or more layers of coating liquids including an actual top coat layer to form a liquid composition (with a slide hopper coating a plurality of outlets for coating liquids) and applying a starting top most layer of coating liquid, which layer has a lower viscosity than that of the actual top coat layer, to the liquid coating composition either through the first outlet of the hopper or through an x-hopper located between the first outlet and coating zone, applying the coating composition and starting top most layer, and terminating the application of the starting top most layer when the coating operation is at steady state. Apparatus for carrying out this method is also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of coating a substrate having a center-line average roughness Ra of not less than 0.3 comprising steps of:(a) conveying said substrate, and(b) coating said substrate while conveying said substrate with a coating solution under a coating condition defined by a capillary number Ca represented by Formula 1, wherein said capillary number Ca satisfies an inequality represented by Formula 2: ##STR1## wherein U represents a substrate conveyance speed in terms of cm/sec, .mu. represents a viscosity of said coating solution in terms of dyn-sec/cm.sup.2, and .sigma. represents a surface tension of said coating solution in terms of dyn/cm.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of apertured, three-dimensional substrates having an extrusion coating material thereon, the coated substrate and an apparatus for making the coated substrate are disclosed. Successive portions of a continuous sheet of the apertured substrate which has a top surface and a bottom surface are passed into contact with a continuous moving perforated member. The coating material is supplied onto the top surface of the continuous moving substrate. The bottom surface of the substrate is subjected to a vacuum. The vacuum causes the coating material to flow onto the top surface of the substrate material and in certain embodiments, at least partially into the apertures in the substrate. The vacuum is maintained for a period of time sufficient for the coating material to bond to the substrate. The coated portions of the substrate are continuously removed from the moving member.

Abstract: The process for the temporary consolidation of railroad track ballast, in particular during the time of redevelopment or reconstruction of a parallel set of tracks, is performed in that the ballast is cemented partially in particular in the side area by a multi component adhesive, wherein this cementation may be broken up mechanically later without affecting reuse of the ballast.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for spraying a liquid or hot melt material involve placing the material in a plurality of parallel grooves arranged across the entire width of a movable member and then causing a compressed gas to impinge upon the material in the grooves, thereby to spray the material from the grooves toward a substrate, as by extending, fiberizing or atomizing the material, or by mixing a gas with the material. For some materials of relatively high viscosity, a scraper is used to scrape the material from the grooves, and the compressed gas impinges the material while it is on the scraper, thereby to cause spraying. This provides a wide band deposition of a liquid or hot melt material with uniform material distribution across the entire width, along with improved ability to quantify the amount of material deposited on the substrate.

Abstract: A method for preventing the emission of fluorescence from polyalkylenenaphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate, including mixing polyalkylenenaphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate and at least one compound selected from cyclic imino esters and quinoxalines. The above cyclic imino esters and quinoxalines have an absorption intensity E, defined by the following expression: ##EQU1## wherein A is an absorbance measured in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane at a concentration c (g/100 ml) and an optical path d (cm),of more than 200 at an ultraviolet wavelength range of 340 to 400 nm. And when a coating layer containing at least one ultraviolet absorber is formed on the surface of a molded article made of the above fluorescence-emission preventive mixture, a synergistic suppression of the emission of fluorescence can be obtained.

Abstract: Sulfonimide cure catalysts are used with aminoplast crosslinking agents and resins capable of reacting with aminoplast crosslinking agents to prepare heat curable compositions capable of crosslinking to form coatings and articles. Liquid or solid curable compositions may be prepared. Solid sulfonimide catalysts used in combination with solid glycoluril type crosslinking agents are well suited for powder coating systems containing hydroxy- and carboxy-functional resins.

Abstract: Sulfonimide cure catalysts are used with aminoplast crosslinking agents and resins capable of reacting with aminoplast crosslinking agents to prepare heat curable compositions capable of crosslinking to form coatings and articles. Liquid or solid curable compositions may be prepared. Solid sulfonimide catalysts used in combination with solid glycoluril type crosslinking agents are well suited for powder coating systems containing hydroxy- and carboxy-functional resins.

Abstract: A system for coating a substrate with an ultra-thin layer includes moving the substrate through a coating station and forming a composite layer including a coming fluid and a carrier fluid. The composite layer flows at a rate that is sufficiently high to form a continuous flowing fluid bridge of composite layer to the substrate surface and to contact the substrate with the flowing composite layer to interpose the coating layer between the substrate and the carrier fluid. The carrier fluid is removed while leaving the coating fluid deposited on the substrate as a coating layer.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of making thermoplastic resin-coated paper which comprises coating a paper sheet with a liquid thermoplastic resin, passing the thermoplastic resin-coated paper sheet through a nip of a pressure roll and a thermally conductive medium to form a resin-medium interface, heating the interface to a temperature of from 35.degree. C. to 350.degree. C. for a nip time period of from 0.002 to 10 seconds and a pressure of from 17,500 to 1,750,000 Pa-m, cooling the interface to a temperature of -73.degree. to 32.degree. C. for a cooling time period of from 0.001 to 100 seconds, and separating the thermoplastic resin-coated paper from the medium.

Abstract: A method for curtain coating a moving support with a liquid coating material. An evacuating device is utilized to evacuate air carried along with the moving support. A device for carrying out the method includes a pourer having a pourer lip, a pouring roll carrying a support, and an evacuating device which is disposed in front of the curtain. The evacuating device includes an evacuating blade having a front edge facing the curtain. The front edge is provided with a slot which is connected to a vacuum installation. The method and device allow a substantial stabilization of the curtain at its point of contact with the support.

Abstract: A solid lubricant application procedure is combined in-line with a steel strip processing method which comprises processing steps upstream and downstream of the lubricant application procedure. The latter comprises applying the lubricant material in molten form or as a solution and may include temperature adjusting steps both upstream and downstream of the lubricant material-applying step. The space for incorporating the lubricant application procedure into the steel strip processing line is limited. The strip speed in the lubricant application procedure is synchronized with the strip speed normally attained in the steel strip processing method in the absence of an in-line lubricant application procedure. The steps of the lubricant application procedure are constrained to accommodate the space limits and strip speed synchronization requirement imposed on the lubricant application procedure when it is combined in-line with the steel strip processing method.

Abstract: Curtain coating processes arc well known wherein a composition is coated on to a moving support. However, the maximum coating speeds in such processes are severely limited at high curtain flow rates by the formation of a region metastable to air-entrainment. Described herein is a method which enhances the maximum coating speed at high flow tales by the application of small levels of voltages, typically below 400 V, to the moving support. Progressive suppression of the metastable region is obtained as the, voltage level is increased. All levels of voltage up to 400 V give a degree of removal of the metastable region, and therefore will enhance the maximum practical coating speed. Lower levels of voltage may also be used in conjunction with forward application angles to selectively enhance the maximum practical coating speed for a given laydown.

Abstract: A liquid flow distribution apparatus for forming highly uniform liquid layers on substrates without stagnation within a flow distribution cavity of the apparatus. A primary cavity has a primary inlet means and a plurality of secondary inlet conduits which terminate in angled secondary ports in the cavity wall. Each of the secondary ports is angled away from the primary inlet means. The apparatus can be used under varying rheological conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous process of non-compressively and uniformly applying a liquid saturant throughout a permeable sheet. The process includes the steps of: 1) providing a continuously advancing permeable sheet having a first surface and a second surface, 2) depositing a substantially laminar flowing curtain of a liquid saturant generally across and onto the first surface of the continuously advancing permeable sheet, 3) applying a vacuum to the second surface of the continuously advancing permeable sheet, and 4) drawing a substantial portion of the liquid saturant through the permeable sheet to generate a substantially uniform distribution of liquid saturant throughout the permeable sheet. The process may also include the step of drying the liquid saturated permeable sheet. The dry bulk of the liquid saturant treated permeable sheet may be within about 15 percent of the dry bulk of an identical untreated permeable sheet.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for curtain coating a support with one or more layers of a liquid coating composition. Stripes of a liquid coating composition are formed at the edges of the free falling curtain. These stripes are guided by edge guides which are positioned so that there is an uncoated margin of support at each edge of the support. Liquid is removed from the edges of the free falling curtain near the point of impingement on the support. Drag that emanates from the edge guide is contained within the stripe which is removed thereby producing a more uniform coating. In addition free falling curtains having an extremely low flow rate can be coated that previously were not possible.

Abstract: Optionally antimicrobial, hydrophilic coatings having reduced or low solids contents are provided. Such coatings are extremely useful for coating heat transfer surfaces of condensing heat exchangers to provide wetting and wicking and optionally to provide microbial growth inhibition where such coatings have improved coating properties and are, upon cure, less prone to cracking, flaking and particle generation.

Abstract: An apparatus for bead coating a substrate with an organic solvent-based coating solution by the use of a slide hopper is disclosed, which is useful for preventing deflection of the members due to changes in temperature stemming from evaporation of the organic solvent and for maintaining a narrowed gap between the lip of the hopper and the substrate with high precision, in which the slide hopper is composed of a raw material with a coefficient of linear expansion of 3.times.10.sup.-6 or less, or composed of an alloy comprising 9.0% to 10.5% by weight of chromium, 52.5% to 56.0% by weight of cobalt and the remainder consisting of iron and other inevitable impurities.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying granules to a coated asphalt sheet to form at high production speeds a variegated pattern having uniform edges between areas of different colored granules. Granules of a first color or color blend are applied to spaced first areas on a moving, tacky, asphaltic strip by dropping the granules onto the moving strip. The leading and/or trailing edges of each granule drop are trimmed off by cutting or deflecting to provide predetermined sharp leading and/or trailing edges to the first areas. Granules of a second color or color blend are then deposited on the strip by dropping on tacky second areas between the spaced first areas. If desired, one or both edges of the second color granule drops also may be trimmed, the second color granules may be deposited on only a portion of the tacky strip areas between the spaced first areas, and additional color granules may be applied to the remaining tacky areas to form shingles with three or more colored areas.

Abstract: A slide-bead coating technique utilizes an inclined slide surface terminating at a coating lip. A continuous liquid layer is supplied to the slide surface from a supply source so as to form a liquid bridge between the coating lip and a substrate disposed adjacent the coating lip. The substrate is conveyed past the lip and continuously depletes liquid from the liquid bridge onto the substrate. The technique includes supplying an air flow that impinges upon an upper surface of the liquid layer opposite the slide surface between the liquid supply source and the coating lip.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for uniformly coating discrete substrates by application of a controlled volume of fluid per unit surface area of a substrate. In one aspect, the invention provides a process comprising providing a fluid reservoir; and flowing fluid from the fluid reservoir without substantial interruption through one or more fluid applicators, the fluid applied with a controlled volume per unit surface area of the substrate, said fluid flow from the reservoir commencing and terminating to provide a fluid layer up to the perimeter of the substrate. The invention also provides fluid application apparatus which enable application of a uniform fluid layer, including apparatus that provides termination of fluid flow without fluid dripping or trailing of fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of flowing a fluid onto an incline planar surface across the entire with of the slot has a slot capillary number less than 0.04. The slot exit gap S is selected to be less than ##EQU1## where S is the slot gap in cm, .mu. is the fluid viscosity measured in poise, .rho. is the liquid density measured in gm/cm.sup.3, .sigma. is the liquid surface tension measured in dyne/cm, and N.sub.re is the Reynolds number as defined by N.sub.re =4M/.mu., where M is the liquid flow rate per unit of width measured in gm/sec-cm. The expression for a is defined as 0.981+0.3406 log N.sub.re.sup.0.3406. The fluid is flowed through a slot exit.

Abstract: The method of coating a substrate with plurality of layers of coatings includes moving the substrate along a path through the coating station. A composite layer is formed of first and second coating fluids. The substrate contacts the flowing composite layer to interpose the first coating fluid between the substrate and the second coating fluid. The composite layer is doctored with a gas from a gas knife to remove some portion of the composite layer from the substrate.

Abstract: A method of galvanizing ferrous linear elements, e.g., tube, pipe, structural shapes, as part of a continuous manufacturing line by passing the axially travelling preheated element through transversely flowing molten zinc.

Abstract: Described herein is a method of preparing a fluoropolymer composite tube comprising the steps of activating a formed fluoropolymer substrate by subjecting the substrate to a charged gaseous atmosphere formed by electrically ionizing a gas which contacts the substrate and thereafter applying a layer of a thermoplastic polymer to the activated fluoropolymer substrate. The ionizing step can be described as a corona discharge or an electrically formed plasma. In particular, described is a fuel pipe comprised of an inner fluorocarbon layer having electrostatic discharge resistance and hydrocarbon evaporative emission resistance and on top of and integral with, the fluorocarbon layer an outer layer of a thermoplastic polymer. Fluoropolymer layers have excellent chemical resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous process of non-compressively and uniformly applying a liquid saturant throughout a permeable sheet. The process includes the steps of: 1) providing a continuously advancing permeable sheet having a first surface and a second surface, 2) depositing a substantially laminar flowing curtain of a liquid saturant generally across and onto the first surface of the continuously advancing permeable sheet, 3) applying a vacuum to the second surface of the continuously advancing permeable sheet, and 4) drawing a substantial portion of the liquid saturant through the permeable sheet to generate a substantially uniform distribution of liquid saturant throughout the permeable sheet. The process may also include the step of drying the liquid saturated permeable sheet. The dry bulk of the liquid saturant treated permeable sheet may be within about 15 percent of the dry bulk of an identical untreated permeable sheet.

Abstract: A coating apparatus (10) for coating a radiation-sensitive emulsion (30) on a photographic support (24) is fabricated from hopper bars (12) having a ceramic coating surface (20). An initial surface finish treatment is first applied to the ceramic coating surface, after which the coating surface is polished, to decrease the roughness of the coating surface sufficiently to prevent the formation of streaks in the emulsion coating layer or layers on the support.

Abstract: An antifogging plastic material is disclosed that is particularly suitable for use as a disposable fog-resistant lens. The lens material comprises a substantially transparent polyester substrate; a layer of polyvinylidene chloride-containing polymer on the polyester substrate; a water permeable colloid layer on the polyvinylidene chloride-containing layer; and a polyvinyl alcohol-containing layer on the water permeable colloid layer.

Abstract: For the trickle resin impregnation of mainly electrical windings or of other components, electric motors, etc., containing electrical elements, a curing agent-free trickle resin is allowed to leave separately from an outlet opening to form a jet, which is flowing onto the object that is to be impregnated. Before the jet strikes the object, a curing agent may be sprayed onto the jet surface of the flowing trickle resin, so that trickle resin, mixed with curing agent, comes into contact exclusively with the object to be impregnated and not with any other object.

Abstract: A method for producing asphalt fibers includes supplying molten asphalt to a rotating asphalt spinner, centrifuging asphalt fibers from the asphalt spinner, and collecting the asphalt fibers. The molten asphalt is supplied to the asphalt spinner at a temperature within the range of from about 270.degree. to about 500.degree. F. Also disclosed is a method for integrating asphalt with reinforcement fibers including the steps of establishing a downwardly moving veil of reinforcement fibers, such as glass fibers, and centrifuging asphalt fibers from a rotating asphalt spinner positioned within the veil of reinforcement fibers to integrate the asphalt with the reinforcement fibers. A method for making an asphalt roofing shingle includes the steps of assembling together a mat of asphalt fibers with a mat of reinforcement fibers, coating the assembled mats to form an asphalt coated sheet, applying granules to the asphalt coated sheet, and cutting the asphalt coated sheet into roofing shingles.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a hydrogen-occlusion-alloy electrode is provided, wherein a hydrogen-occlusion-alloy ingot is mechanically crushed, the obtained powder is washed in water to remove dust-size particles from the surface thereof, the washed powder is used in a moisten state after said washing as it is to prepare a slurry of a specified composition, and the slurry is supported on to a current collector. Incorporating this hydrogen-occlusion-alloy electrode in a nickel-hydrogen storage battery as the negative electrode leads to reduced internal pressure of the battery, an extended charge and discharge cycle life, and an improved rapid discharge characteristic.

Abstract: A slide-bead coating technique utilizes a dual slide that includes an upper slide surface connected to a lower slide surface terminating at a coating lip. A substrate is transported on a coating roll past the coating lip so as to form a liquid bead at a coating location disposed between the coating lip and the substrate. The coating location is positioned more than ten degrees (10.degree.) but no more than fifty degrees (50.degree.) circumferentially below a horizontal centerplane passing through an axis of rotation of the coating roll. The lower slide surface forms an angle of between eighty-five degrees (85.degree.) and ninety-five degrees (95.degree.) with the plane tangent to the surface of the substrate at the coating location.

Abstract: To apply a photoimageable composition to a substrate, such as a printed circuit board, the photoimageable composition is dissolved in a solvent system which is a mixture of propylene glycol monomethylether and ethylene glycol butylether, acetate. The liquid solution is applied to the substrate. Then the photoimageable composition is dried to remove the solvent system and thereby produce a layer of the photoimageable composition on the substrate.

Abstract: A coating method characterized in that a coating liquid including a pigment and a binder, and having a concentration of between 50 and 70% by weight and a viscosity of between 700 and 4000 cps, is deaerated in an environment having a degree of vacuum of a saturated vapor pressure or less and under a condition of applying shear to the coating liquid, and a printing base paper is coated with the deaerated coating liquid having the curtain-like shape to produce a coated paper for printing and having a superior white paper brightness, smoothness, uniform coating quantity, and printing suitability.

Abstract: A solution applying method in which a continuously conveyed web is applied with a coating solution by a solution injector. The solution injector includes a lip with a lower end portion thereof having an angle of 85.degree. or less relative to a surface of the injector. A coating solution flows along the lip of the solution injector to form a bead between the lip and the web. The solution applying conditions and pressures before and after the bead is formed between the web and the lip are controlled before the coating solution is applied to the web such that a lower end portion of the bead coincides with the lower end portion of the lip. The solution applying device may have a lower end portion of the lip with an angle of not more than 89.degree.. A portion of the lip may extend parallel to a roller conveying the web and has a length of 0.1-10 mm.

Abstract: A fountain applicator for applying coating liquid onto a web of paper carried past the applicator, has a coating liquid flow path that includes a curved surface along which a sheet of the coating liquid is flowed to subject the sheet to centrifugal force to cause air entrained in the coating liquid to move away from one side of the sheet that is toward the curved surface, so that the one side is relatively free of entrained air. After being flowed along the curved surface, the sheet of coating liquid is directed toward the web in a free standing jet curtain of coating liquid, to contact the web surface primarily with the one relatively air-free side of the coating liquid sheet to decrease the occurrence of skip coating on the web surface, especially when the web is traveling past the applicator at high speeds. The coating is applied in excess onto the web surface and is metered and leveled to a desired coat weight by a downstream doctor.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for producing intermittent, discrete patterns of foam coating material, onto discrete substrates or substrate areas, where the patterns have sharp, square leading and trailing edges, as well as side edges. A slot nozzle die has elongated air slots along the slot extrusion opening. Air flow is initiated from both air slots prior to the initiation of the foam flow. Also, the air flow is continued beyond that point in time when the foam flow ceases. The delays between the operations of the air flow and the foam coating flow are on the order of micro seconds. Alternatively, the lead and lag air start and stop times on each side of the foam coating material are different to control the exact disposition of the square cut-on and square cut-off coating edge on the substrate.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for producing intermittent, discrete patterns of coating material, such as hot melt adhesive, onto discrete substrates or substrate areas, such as book spines, sift-proof carton flaps and pinch-bottom bags. The adhesive patterns have sharp, square leading and trailing edges, as well as side edges. A slot nozzle die has elongated air slots along the slot extrusion opening. In the operation of the apparatus, the air flow is initiated from both air slots prior to the initiation of the hot melt flow. Also, the air flow is continued beyond that point in time, when the hot melt flow ceases. The delays between the operations of the air flow and the hot melt flow are on the order of micro seconds. Coating weights down to 1 gram per square meter at about 350 meters per minute substrate speed are provided.

Abstract: Materials, particularly wood materials and calcium carbonate-containing materials such as concrete and marble, can be protected from the growth of algae by being treated with a compound containing tin covalently bonded to a silylating group such that cleavage of the covalent bonds due to hydrolysis or photolysis is minimized, thus making the treatment ecologically safe. One such compound is (n-Bu).sub.3 SnCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Si(OEt).sub.3. The tin compound can either be incorporated into raw materials from which materials are to be made, or it can be applied to the finished materials. When the tin compound is applied to a material that is algae streaked, the streaking should disappear.

Abstract: A curtain coating method and apparatus using a rotatable or slidable coating plate and in which a coating liquid freely falls in the form of a thin film from a hopper. The thin film collides with a web continuously running and circumferentially turning around a backup roller to coat the web. The coating plate is rotated or slid to retract so that the freely falling coating liquid reaches the web so as to coat the web after the freely falling coating liquid flows along a checking plate which is doglegged in section and provided on a forward end of the coating plate, thereby coating the web with an even thickness at the start of coating operations.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for producing intermittent, discrete patterns of coating material onto discrete irregular substrate areas, such as electronic circuit boards, where the patterns have sharp, square leading and trailing edges, as well as side edges. A slot nozzle die has elongated air slots along the slot extrusion opening. In the operation of the apparatus, the air flow is initiated from both air slots prior to the initiation of the coating material flow. Also, the air flow is continued beyond that point in time, when the coating material flow ceases. The delays between the operations of the air flow and the hot melt flow are on the order of micro seconds. Alternatively, the lead and lag air start and stop times on each side of the film of coating material are different to control the exact disposition of the square cut-on and square cut-off coating edge on the circuit board. The air flow carries the film coating material to the circuit board for deposition in discrete areas thereon.

Abstract: A method of coating an object by shifting from a first coating solution to a second coating solution. After a coating of the object with the first coating solution is finished, a washing solution is used to clean a coating pipe-line and a coater. Deaerated water is supplied to fill up the pipe-line and the coater by control of a multi-way valve which is located at an end of the coating pipe-line which is connected to one of a coater or an outlet for drainage. The multi-way valve is capable of shifting a fluid flow therethrough to one of the coater and to the outlet. With the multi-way valve in the outlet position the deaerated water is replaced in the pipe-line and the coater with the second coating solution. A slit inside the coater is dried, and the second coating solution is then conducted to the coater by shifting the multi-way valve to a coater position therefor.

Abstract: The present invention minimizes the effects of capillary and inertial forces on the film profile for a slide hopper, thereby making the film profile smooth and predictable even when the transition section is short. The invention enables improved coating uniformity over the main width of the coating and particularly at the edges. The slide hopper has a slide surface and a lip surface, with a transition surface connecting the two surfaces. The transition surface profile has a variable curvature that is zero at the first end, increases continuously to a maximum at point between the first and second ends and decreases continuously to zero at the second end.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dual cavity hoppers and is an apparatus and method for controlling frowns. The dual cavity hoppers are provided with adjustable bypass means for providing fluid from the inner cavity to the outer cavity or alternatively for providing fluid directly to the outer cavity. The bypass means can be used on end-fed or center-fed dual cavity hoppers. The uniformity of the laydown across the width of the delivery slot is improved.

Abstract: The present invention is an edge blade (20) attached to an edge guide (12) for removing an edge of a falling curtain (10). The edge of the falling curtain is intercepted by the edge blade (20) and is vacuumed away by a vacuum tube (21) disposed near the edge blade. The present invention provides a uniform coated edge with maximum coating speeds at the edge being equal to maximum speed possible for the coating system far from the edge.

Abstract: A coating method that is capable of rapid curtain coating without causing "sagging" at high flow rates exceeding 4 cm.sup.3 /cm.sec. One or more layers of a coating solution are formed on a sliding surface, and a free falling curtain of the coating solution is allowed to impinge against a continuously running web. The web has a surface roughness of at least 0.3 .mu.m, the tip of the sliding surface forms an angle of 45.degree. to 120.degree. with respect to the horizontal, and the viscosity of the coating solution is adjusted to at least 90 cps for low shear rate, with the average for all layers formed being at least 80 cps.

Abstract: In curtain coating, uniform layer or layers are only obtained if the operational variables are held within precise limits. These limits define a "coating window". However, one of the boundaries of this "window" is governed by the occurrence of air-entrainment. Described herein is an improved coating process in which allows the "coating window" to be enlarged. This is achieved by using a material adjacent the support on to which the liquid material is to be coated which readily shear-thins.

Abstract: For the trickle resin impregnation of mainly electrical windings or of other components, electric motors, etc., containing electrical elements, a curing agent-free trickle resin is allowed to leave separately from an outlet opening to form a jet, which is flowing onto the object that is to be impregnated. Before the jet strikes the object, a curing agent may be sprayed onto the jet surface of the flowing trickle resin, so that trickle resin, mixed with curing agent, comes into contact exclusively with the object to be impregnated and not with any other object.