Abstract: In a method of reducing voids in an asphalt roofing product, an asphalt coating material having voids is contacted with a vacuum in an amount effective to reduce the voids in the coating material. A mat is coated with the coating material to make an asphalt roofing product. The vacuum contacting step occurs prior to the coating step. The vacuum contacting step causes the roofing product to have reduced voids visible on a top surface compared to the same roofing product made with a coating material not contacted with vacuum.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for rapid screening of layered materials, for a useful property. In the method at least two layered materials are applied on one single substrate. Preferably the materials are applied by coating from a coating composition and are multi-layered materials having at least two distinct layers.

Abstract: A coating device for carrying out a die coating method, which is capable of rapidly and assuredly eliminating an undesirable streak occurring in a coating layer during the coating operation. The coating device includes a coating head spaced from a back-up roll, and a shifting mechanism for shifting the coating head close to and remote from the back-up roll. The shifting mechanism includes a reciprocation carriage mounted onto a stationary frame to be linearly reciprocatedly movable thereon, a drive section for reciprocating the reciprocation carriage on the stationary frame, and a stop section for selectively hindering the linear motion of the reciprocation carriage caused by the drive section at a desired position. The shifting mechanism operates to instantaneously reciprocate the coating head at a small distance so that a distance between the outer surface of the back-up roll now carrying out the coating operation and the coating face of the coating head temporarily increases.

Abstract: An fountain applicator for applying coating liquid onto a web of paper carried past the applicator, has a coating liquid flow path that includes a curved surface along which a sheet of the coating liquid is flowed to subject the sheet to centrifugal force to cause air entrained in the coating liquid to move away from one side of the sheet that is toward the curved surface, so that the one side is relatively free of entrained air. After being flowed along the curved surface, the sheet of coating liquid is directed toward the web in a free standing jet curtain of coating liquid, to contact the web surface primarily with the one relatively air-free side of the coating liquid sheet to decrease the occurrence of skip coating on the web surface, especially when the web is traveling past the applicator at high speeds. The coating is applied in excess onto the web surface and is metered and leveled to a desired coat weight by a downstream doctor.

Abstract: A movable trough is taught for establishing a uniform wetting line on the rear face of a curtain coating hopper lip. The trough can be pivoted or moved linearly into a position such that the hopper lip resides in or proximate to the movable trough. The curtain coating apparatus is then started and the coating solution leaving the hopper lip is intercepted by the trough. The coating solution flowing over the lip fills and floods the movable trough. The flooding of the trough forces the coating solution to substantially wet (to a height on the back side of the lip significantly higher than that of natural product flow) the back side of the hopper lip. The movable trough is then retracted from its position immediately beneath the hopper lip and intercepting the coating solution exiting the hopper lip to thereby allow the free-falling curtain to form and begin impingement on the moving support web to be coated.

Abstract: In a case to coat a web by using coating heads which have plural slits, the coating method coats the web by adjusting a running speed, an average high shear viscosity, and a surface tension of the coating liquid of the top layer so that the capillary number Ca, which is calculated by an equation Ca=U&mgr;/&sgr;, satisfies an inequality 0.1<Ca<4, where U (m/s) is a running speed of the web, &mgr; (Pa.s) is an average high shear viscosity of the coating liquids, and &sgr; (N/m) is a surface tension of the coating liquid for the top layer.

Abstract: A parpermaking belt comprises a reinforcing element and a resinous framework joined together. The resinous framework is formed by a plurality of resinous beads which mutually contract or cross-over. Super-knuckles extending outwardly from the reinforcing element are formed at points of contact. A preferred continuous process for making the belt comprises extruding, in a pre-selected pattern, a plurality of beads of a resinous material onto the forming surface thereby forming the resinous framework thereon, joining the resinous framework and the reinforcing element together, and then solidifying the resinous framework. The resinous material may comprise at least two chemically-active materials capable of cross-linking upon contract.

Abstract: To stably coat a surface of a web with multiple coating liquids containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to simultaneously form multiple layers on the surface of the web by means of a slide-hopper coating apparatus, a polymerization degree of PVA contained in one of the coating liquids forming the bottom layer among the multiple layers is within the range between 1000 and 4000, and a density of PVA contained in the coating liquid forming the bottom layer is at most 4% by weight, and a viscosity of at least one of the coating liquids that forms one of the layers other than the bottom layer is higher than a viscosity of the coating liquid forming the bottom layer. Alternatively, the polymerization degree of PVA contained in the coating liquid forming the bottom layer is within the range between 1000 and 4000, and an additive used to increase viscosity is added to the coating liquid forming the bottom layer within the range between 0.05% and 0.

Abstract: A running web is coated with a coating liquid containing polyvinyl alcohol by means of a slide hopper that has a slide surface of which the inclining angle with respect to a horizontal plane is within a range between 5° and 30°; a thickness T [mm] of the coating liquid on the running web is smaller than a thickness S [mm] of the coating liquid flowing down along the slide surface; a bead clearance CL [mm] between the end of the slide surface and the running web at the bead part is determined in accordance with the thickness T [mm] of the coating liquid on the running web in an inequality, T+0.05<CL<2T+0.1; and a bead back pressure P [mmH2O] reduced at a bottom of the bead part with respect to an atmospheric pressure is determined in accordance with the bead clearance CL [mm] in an inequality, 2/CL+20<P<10/CL+20.

Abstract: A fountain applicator for applying coating liquid onto a web of paper carried past the applicator, has a coating liquid flow path that includes a curved surface along which a sheet of the coating liquid is flowed to subject the sheet to centrifugal force to cause air entrained in the coating liquid to move away from one side of the sheet that is toward the curved surface, so that the one side is relatively free of entrained air. After being flowed along the curved surface, the sheet of coating liquid is directed toward the web in a free standing jet curtain of coating liquid, to contact the web surface primarily with the one relatively air-free side of the coating liquid sheet to decrease the occurrence of skip coating on the web surface, especially when the web is traveling past the applicator at high speeds. The coating is applied in excess onto the web surface and is metered and leveled to a desired coat weight by a downstream doctor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for detecting a fault in a flowing liquid sheet and in particular in a coating curtain. The process comprises the following steps: transmitting an electromagnetic beam to the sheet so as to irradiate approximately the entire width of the sheet in a direction approximately transverse to the sheet; recovering a beam reflected by the sheet by way of a collector; defining a reference position of the reflected beam on the collector; and noting the deviations of the reflected beam in relation to the previously defined reference position.

Abstract: A colored, transparent film-forming composition, which comprises (a) a reaction product of an epoxy group-containing alkoxysilane (a-1) and an amino group-containing alkoxysilane (a-2) having active hydrogen therein, (b) an acid catalyst, (c) an alkali-soluble UV absorber, (d) at least one solvent selected from organic solvents having a boiling point of 100 to 250° C., and (e) a dye and/or a pigment, has a good coating performance, a good room temperature curing characteristic and can provide a film having good film strength and good film removability after use. The coating method of the composition and the removing method of the film obtained from the composition are also described.

Abstract: A device for surface-treating, coating or producing construction elements in a continuous process has production chambers arranged successively closely adjacent to one another in a direction of transport of the construction elements through the device. Each production chamber has opposed ends with through openings and is connectable to a vacuum source. Each production chamber has a stationary chamber part of reinforced concrete and a detachable chamber part of reinforced concrete connected to the stationary chamber part, wherein the stationary chamber parts have first edge areas and the detachable chamber parts have second edge areas, wherein the first and second edge areas have sealing surfaces sealing the stationary and detachable chamber parts relative to one another. Each production chamber has walls defining a hollow interior, wherein the walls consist of a metallic skin anchored in the stationary and detachable chamber parts, respectively.

Abstract: Before the start of coating, a deflector receives a curtain of a coating liquid free-falling from a coating hopper in order to prevent a continuously-running web from being coated with the coating liquid. At the start of the coating, the deflector is moved relatively to the coating hopper, so that the coating liquid can start to be applied to the web. A receding part is formed at the end of the deflector.

Abstract: A curtain coating apparatus includes a hopper with a slide plane on which the coating solution flows and a hopper lip from where the coating solution begins to freely fall down as a free falling curtain. The apparatus also includes at least a pair of outlets disposed in a position along the edge part of the free falling curtain and situated at a fixed distance down from the hopper lip. Auxiliary solutions are introduced from the width directions so as to maintain the curtain in the width direction.

Abstract: A method of curtain coating, the curtain being formed from at least one layer of coating solution having a composite density &rgr; (kgm−3) and a total volumetric flow rate per unit curtain width Q (m2s−1), the curtain being allowed to free fall a distance h (m), at a velocity U (ms−1), onto a continuously moving substrate having a velocity S (ms−1) with an application angle of &thgr; between the horizontal and tangent to the substrate at the point of impingement, the dynamic surface tension at the rear of the falling curtain being &sgr; (mNm−1), the aforementioned variable parameters being controlled so as to prevent recirculation.

Abstract: An apparatus for coating seeds and particulate material includes an elongated tray operably mounted on a support frame with a motor for oscillating the tray to move particulate material from a rearward end to a forward end therealong. The tray includes a perforated support surface with a saw-toothed cross-sectional shape such that the particulate climbs the inclined tread of each sawtooth and drops from the forward end of one tread to the rearward end of an adjacent tread to form a “curtain”. A plurality of spray nozzles are located over the tray to direct coating solution onto the seeds as they move along the tray. Preferably, the nozzles direct spray towards the curtain of falling seeds between the treads. An upper housing on the support frame includes an air plenum which directs air downwardly onto the seeds on the support surface and through the perforated support surface to a second air plenum formed under the support surface.

Abstract: A curtain coating method of coating a continuously travelling web with at least two kinds of coating solutions superposed upon one another in layers includes the steps of supplying said coating solutions to flow as a free falling curtain and impinging the coating solutions on the web, in which differences in gelatin concentration and viscosity between a coating solution for a lowest layer and a coating solution for an adjacent layer are adjusted to 0-2 weight percent and 0-20 cp respectively.

Abstract: In a simultaneous coating of multiple layers on a web using a slide hopper type coating apparatus, the gelatin concentration of the coating liquid for the bottom layer is set to be lower than the gelatin concentration of the coating liquid for the middle layer by at least 2 points in percentage, the ratio A/B, which is the flow amount ratio of the coating liquid for the bottom layer with respect to the entire multi-layered coating liquid, is set to be between 0.05 and 0.2, and the ratio C/D, which is the viscosity ratio between the coating liquid for the bottom layer and the coating liquid of the middle layer, is set to be between 0.2 and 0.67. Thereby, the flow of the multi-layered coating liquid flowing down on the slide surface can be stabilized.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a mineral-based coating composition that can be used on a wide range of substrate surfaces. The composition is comprised of a mineral extender, such as a delaminated hydrated aluminum silicate based clays, having an aspect ratio of about 11 to 1, water, a homopolymer polyvinyl acetate emulsion, a co-polymer polyvinyl acetate emulsion, an acrylic emulsion binder containing a metal dioxide and a buffering agent, a surfactant and a defloculant. Also provided is a method of preparing the mineral-based coating composition. The mineral-based coating composition may be applied to various substrate surfaces to form artistic medium surfaces. The present invention also provides a method of making an artistic medium surface using the composition of the present invention.

Abstract: A coating apparatus for coating a conveyed support with an emulsion for a photographic light-sensitive material by letting the emulsion flow down between a pair of edge guides so as to form a curtain layer of the emulsion. The apparatus includes a slide surface, having a slit and inclined for a predetermined angle to the horizontal axis, for supplying the emulsion; side plates provided on both edges of the slide surface; the pair of edge guides each provided on respective one of the edges; and plural solution injecting outlets, each provided on respective one of the side plates, for supplying auxiliary solution; in which a coating operation of the conveyed support with the emulsion is conducted while the auxiliary solution is being flowed down along the edge guides at a flow rate between 0.3 cc/min. and 3.0 cc/min. from each of the solution injecting outlets.

Abstract: The invention provides a protective fihn which includes a base film, a release layer, a protective layer and an adhesive layer. The protective layer is formed using a curable composition. The invention is also directed towards methods of making the protective film of the invention. According to one embodiment of the invention, the protective film is made using a one-step curing process. In an alternate embodiment, the protective film of the invention is formed using a two-step curing process. The invention is also directed towards a method of making a protected data carrying device. According to the invention, the protected data carrying device includes a polymeric substrate and a protective coating. Optionally, the protected data caring device can include more than one layer of the protective coating. The invention is also directed towards a protected data carrying device which includes a polymeric substrate and the protective coating of the invention.

Abstract: A method for electrostatically assisting in coating a liquid composition from a hopper to a web supported by a backing roller, characterized by the steps of a) neutralizing all charges on both surfaces of the web by passing the web through an appropriate electrostatic environment ahead of the coating point, and b) providing a uniform electrostatic field around the backing roller, which field extends through the web to engender an electrostatic “pressure” for urging the liquid composition toward the coatable surface of the substrate at the coating point resulting in an increase in the maximum coating speed achievable without onset of air entrainment at the coating point, improved thickness uniformity of coating, and a reduction in residual charge on the web after coating.

Abstract: A liquid output portion is arranged above a substrate. In the substrate, a film formation region and a non-film-formation region are determined. The liquid output portion is responsible for continuously outputting a liquid in a constant amount to the substrate. The substrate and the liquid output portion are relatively moved by a moving portion. Below the liquid output portion, a liquid shut-out portion is arranged. At least one of the substrate and the liquid output portion is moved and ready to supply of the liquid from the liquid output portion to the non-film-formation region, the supply is shut out by the liquid shut-out portion. A liquid, which has been controlled so as to spread in a constant amount, is continuously output from the liquid output nozzle to the substrate. While the nozzle and the substrate are relatively moved, the liquid is supplied to a first region on the substrate.

Abstract: A coating feed apparatus and method (10) for depositing a uniform overflow curtain-like layer of coating composition (c) to a gravure surface (14) has a reservoir (14) and means for delivering the coating composition to the gravure surface (14). The reservoir (14) has a base (24) sloped upwardly from a rear wall (22). A widthwise lip (40) is directed generally downwardly towards the gravure surface (14). Widthwise lip (40) and the undercut portion (48) together enable the coating composition (c) exiting the outlet end (26) of the reservoir (12) to overflow downwardly across widthwise lip (40) in a uniform curtain-like layer (32) towards the gravure surface (14) without creating a backflow of coating composition along the base (24).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a foamed pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet having a fine cell structure with a good production efficiency without through complicated steps are provided. The method comprises subjecting a mixture containing monomers of a polymer constituting a foamed pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to polymerization in an inert fluid in a supercritical state or a liquid state under pressure, and ejecting the polymerized composition obtained on a substrate under a pressure lower than the pressure in the polymerization to form a foamed pressure-sensitive adhesive layer applied on the substrate. The apparatus comprises a pressure vessel for polymerizing monomers of a polymer constituting a foamed pressure-sensitive adhesive layer under pressure, an inert fluid supplying means for supplying an inert fluid in a supercritical state or a liquid state to the pressure vessel, and an ejection means for ejecting the polymerized composition obtained by polymerizing the monomers.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for coating a moving paperboard web with at least two coating layers. A first coating layer is applied onto the surface of the web and a second coating layer is applied onto the surface of this first undried coating layer. The first coating layer is applied by means of a film transfer coater and the second coating layer is applied by means of a nozzle applicator, whereby the first layer is neither mixed nor doctored off the web during the application of the second layer.

Abstract: Broad parts are formed on at least one passage including a passage for forming the thinnest layer among passages for respective resin layers of a multilayer sheet at an upstream side of a confluence. In the broad parts, clearances become larger to both ends of the passage along the width thereof.

Abstract: A method for reducing coating defects caused by strikethrough when simultaneously slide coating a first fluid layer, a second fluid layer, and a third fluid layer. The method includes preparing the first, second, and third fluids such that the first solute is incompatible with the second and third solutes and such that the first fluid minimizes strikethrough of at least one of the second and third fluids to a slide surface when the first fluid is positioned between the slide surface and the second and third fluids. The present invention is useful in preparing imaging, data storage, and other media.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hot melt adhesive composition useful for articles such as plasters, bandages and tapes which are adhesively adhered to skin. The adhesive may be coated continuously and preferably, discontinuously onto a substrate. More preferably, the hot melt adhesive composition is pattern-coated. The adhesive is permanently adhered to at least one substrate of the article and removably or releasably attachable to skin. The adhesive advantageously does not cause skin irritation nor transfers adhesive to the skin upon removal.

Abstract: A method of coating a coating solution onto a base member by a coater while conveying the base member, wherein the base member has a coating starting point from which the coating solution is coated onto the base member, comprise steps of feeding the coating solution to the coater at a flow rate lower than a regular coating flow rate; and increasing the lower flow rate to the regular coating flow rate in accordance with the conveyed position of the coating starting point of the base member when the coating starting point of the base member is conveyed to the coater.

Abstract: A strippable paint is poured down onto coated surfaces 1, 2 and 3 of an automobile V within regions to be protected, from a plurality of nozzles 10 disposed in parallel in a widthwise direction of the automobile V above the coated surfaces 1, 2 and 3 of the automobile V, while controlling the number of nozzles which are used to discharge the strippable paint, in accordance with the extent of the regions to be protected. Thereafter, the strippable paint is spread over an entirety of the coated surfaces 1, 2 and 3 in the regions to be protected. Thus, the region covered by each of the nozzles can be relatively reduced to efficiently carry out the pouring-down of the strippable paint and to prevent dusts of a coating material from being scattered to a wide range. In addition, the need for a masking step and/or an inspecting/correcting step can be eliminated to reduce the operating steps and further to alleviate the operational load.

Abstract: The bead and curtain coating methods for coating photographic compositions on smooth receiving surfaces at speeds about 300 ft/min are improved by the addition of a predictive step for the effect of the receiving surface on coating latitude. This step involves measuring the speed for entraining air for coating aqueous compositions from a nozzle applicator such as a capillary tube on the receiving surface and computing an index value predictive of bead and curtain coating performance.

Abstract: A process for producing a material for sealing and/or healing wounds fills a liquid composition into a container having two or more plates. At least two of the plates are perforated with one or more flow-through holes. At least one of the perforated plates is movable relative to another of the perforated plates. A suitable carrier is transported below the container in transport direction. The perforated plates are then continuously moved relative to each other so as to allow the liquid composition to drip onto the carrier being transported below the container. The liquid composition can thus be substantially evenly applied to the carrier.

Abstract: A method for coating a liquid composition from an applicator to a moving web supported by a backing roller, characterized by the steps of a) conveying the web in a partial wrap around the backing roller of diameter equal to or greater than 10 cm, the backing roller being provided with a conductive, relieved surface; b) fabricating the relieved surface with a pattern that provides venting, the pattern having a geometry and depth such that the electrostatic force at the coating point does not vary by more than a factor of about ten, the pattern covering at least 30% or more of the width of the web; c) providing an electrostatic field at the coating point; and d) coating at a web speed greater than or equal to 75 meters/minute.

Abstract: A coating method comprising advancing a web over a coating roller, applying electrostatic charges on the web or coating roller, and coating the web wherein the surface of the web to be coated has a characteristic electrical length of less than 400 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A film-forming method comprises the steps of: (a) holding a rectangular substrate by a spin chuck provided in a cup; (b) positioning a solvent supply nozzle above the rectangular substrate and supplying a solvent to the rectangular substrate, the solvent supply nozzle having a liquid discharge port which has a length at least corresponding to that of a peripheral portion of the rectangular substrate; (c) positioning a process liquid supply nozzle above the rectangular substrate and supplying a process liquid to a portion at a rotation center portion of the rectangular substrate, thereby to form a film; (d) rotating the rectangular substrate in the cup to adjust a film thickness of the film; and (e) thereafter positioning the solvent supply nozzle above one peripheral portion of the rectangular substrate and supplying the solvent to the one peripheral portion of the rectangular substrate, whereby the film is removed from the one peripheral portion of the rectangular substrate, the substrate being subsequently

Abstract: A mixing system with a vessel for supplying a liquid and a device for supplying solid pieces to mix with the liquid. The system has an elongate enclosure with a first end opposing a second end. The enclosure defines a chamber in fluid communication with the vessel to receive the liquid. The chamber also has a inlet and an outlet with the inlet being closer to the first end than the outlet. The chamber receives the pieces from the device through the inlet and issues the pieces through the outlet. A motor driven mixing auger positioned in the chamber between the first and second ends rotates a selected direction about a rotational axis to intermix the liquid and pieces. The auger includes a first helical flight between the inlet and the outlet to convey the pieces from the inlet to the outlet when the shaft is rotated the selected direction. The auger also includes a second helical flight between the first flight and the second end to urge the solid pieces in a direction opposite the first flight.

Abstract: In the method for curtain coating a moving support with any kind of coating solution, the air which is carried along by the moving support is extracted in front of the curtain as seen in the running direction of the support in a gap which extends concentrically to the support, and air is continuously supplied in a controlled manner. In the process, the supplied air is regulated in function of the extracted air in such a manner that a parabolic velocity profile develops which comprises a point P at a distance d from the support where the air velocity is equal to zero. In the device implementing the method, this adjustment is essentially enabled by a porous layer which is disposed on the support side in a cavity to which a suction resp. an air supply channel is connected. In this manner, a uniform coating of high quality can be obtained.

Abstract: This invention is related to a die set and method for the production of multiple stripes with two different materials A and B adjacent to each other. The special feature of this invention is that a specially designed shim is inserted between two pieces of coating dies. When liquids A and B enter the two sides of the die set separately, B liquid will flow through the distribution passages in the shim to form multiple stripes and then contact stripes of A liquid in the same slot section. The multiple stripes of repeated coating liquids that consists of ABAB patterns will be generated once the multiple stripes are coated and dried on the substrate.

Abstract: A device for the application of a liquid or viscous coating medium onto a moving material web, specifically a paper or cardboard web, includes a curtain coater to apply the coating medium in the form of a curtain or veil to the material web and a suction device to remove air which is carried along by the material web and/or the veil of coating medium. A dynamic pressure analyzer determines the pressure of the air that accumulates before the line of contact of the curtain of coating medium with the moving material web, when viewed in the direction of travel of the moving material web. A control unit controls the suction power of the suction device relative to the determined dynamic pressure.

Abstract: Coating liquids are supplied to a coating hopper, and are extruded onto a slide surface of the coating hopper through slits. A pair of guide members are provided at both sides of the slide surface. Side faces of the guide members are positioned at both ends of a desired width of the coating liquids flowing of the slide surface to be applied on a traveling web. Consequently, the coating liquids that flow over the whole width of the slits are divided into the inside and the outside of the desired width by the guide members, and the divided coating liquids are extruded onto the slide surface. The coating liquids within the desired width flow down between the guide members and coat the web, whereas the coating liquids outside the desired width are collected through channels, which are formed in the guide members.

Abstract: The present invention describes a novel method for the formation of optically variant pigments by the coating of layers onto a substrate and the fracturing of the coated material into pigment particles after the coating operation and novel pigments produced thereby. Coating techniques such as slot die coating (especially multiple slot die coating), spin coating, meniscus coating, curtain coating, and the like have proven successful. It is preferred that multiple die slots are used to coat multiple layers in a single pass so that manufacturing costs are minimized. The use of these coating techniques, and especially multiple die slot coating, allows for many layers to be coated, with from three to fifty layers being readily possible. This offers a relatively inexpensive way of coating out a wide variety of layers, and especially the pigment materials needed for optically variable pigments, quickly and with high quality.

Abstract: A slide bead coating method and apparatus which is able to form a stable bead over the width of coating solutions and regularly coat the coating solutions on a web to an edge region and which is able to change the width of the coating solutions without stopping the coating operation even if the width of the web changes.A discharged liquid from a nozzle is applied on both side edges of the coating solutions flowing down a slide surface. Thereby, the stable bead can be formed at the side edges of the coating solutions, so that the coating solutions can be coated on the web to the edge region. Edge bead is formed at both side edges of the coating solutions through the nozzle, so that the width of the coating solutions can be adjusted.

Abstract: An inexpensive and versatile method for creating a curtain of continuously adjustable width for the purpose of coating portions of a receiving surface to form one or more layers of coating composition comprises a distributor which has a horizontal lip from which the layers detach to form a free-falling curtain. A trough adjacent and below the lip is provided to intercept and divert some portion of the curtain and an edge guide is provided to maintain the width of the remaining portion of the free-falling curtain.

Abstract: A method for curtain coating various compositions at high speed onto a continuously moving receiving surface comprisesa) forming a composite layer of a plurality of coating compositions having density .rho. of total volumetric flow rate per unit width Q, forming a freely falling curtain from said composite layer, and impinging said freely falling curtain of height h against a continuously moving receiving surface such that the point of impingement has an application angle .theta.,b) providing said receiving surface with roughness, R.sub.z (DIN), between about 2 .mu.m and about 20 .mu.m,c) providing an electrostatic field at said impingement point whereby high coating speeds can be attained, andd) providing said coating composition forming the layer adjacent to said receiving surface with a viscosity measured at a shear rate of 10,000 s.sup.-1 sufficiently high that, when combined with said roughness R.sub.z, said curtain height h, said application angle .theta.

Abstract: A method for curtain coating various compositions at high speed onto a continuously moving receiving surface comprisesa) forming a composite layer of a plurality of coating compositions having density .rho. of total volumetric flow rate per unit width Q, forming a freely falling curtain from said composite layer, and impinging said freely falling curtain of height h against a continuously moving receiving surface such that the point of impingement has an application angle .theta.,b) providing said receiving surface with roughness, R.sub.z (DIN), between about 2 .mu.m and about 20 .mu.m, andc) providing said coating composition forming the layer adjacent to said receiving surface with a viscosity measured at a shear rate of 10,000 s.sup.-1 sufficiently high that, when combined with said roughness R.sub.z, said curtain height h, said application angle .theta., said total volumetric flow rate per unit width Q, and said minimum liquid density .rho., gives a value of specifying parameter .phi..sub.

Abstract: A process for making a light-reflective bicycle frame and a light-reflective bicycle frame made therefrom are provided. The process includes: preparing a bicycle frame, providing a transparent adhesive layer on the bicycle frame, spreading uniformly light-reflective particles on the transparent adhesive layer to form a light-reflective particle layer which is substantially free of any superimposed or overlapping particles, and providing a transparent protective layer on the light-reflective particle layer.

Abstract: Thin thermoplastic foil is applied with the aid of a wide slit nozzle and an electrostatic discharge electrode to a nonwoven mat of thermoplastic fibers and filaments on a bonding roller and the resulting composite is then subjected to biaxial stretching utilizing at least some of the bonding heat carried by the composite. The composite may then be thermally fixed before being cooled to room temperature.

Abstract: In the method for curtain coating a moving support with any kind of coating solution, lateral flow is supplied to the guided curtain on both sides transversely to the length of the curtain and in parallel to the front wall of the lateral guides. The supply of the liquid film on the lateral guide is effected in such a manner that its surface velocity is equal to the falling velocity of the curtain at any point along the lateral guide. The device implementing the method features a porous plate which is arranged between the liquid supply and the curtain side. This ensures a constant coating without any disturbances due to marginal influences.