Abstract: Method for applying a protective coating to the components on a printed circuit board, said coating being comprised of a polymerizable material such as a resin, characterized in that it consists in preparing the material of which the coating is composed from an initial mixture of at least two ingredients (A, B) and adding to this initial mixture at least one third ingredient (C) in a variable quantity in order to vary the viscosity of the initial mixture according to the type of component to be protected during the coating of the printed circuit board components.

Abstract: A method for coating a cylindrical object which comprises applying to the cylindrical object an effective amount of a polyurethane composition comprising:a) an isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymer; andb) a curative agent comprising i) a polyol; ii) an aromatic diamine; iii) a thixotropic aliphatic amine; and iv) a thixotropic colloidal additive.

Abstract: An article including a panel-like structure constructed to be mounted in an automobile vehicle to form a part of the interior thereof, and a process for making the same. According to this process, an outer layer defining at least a portion of the exposed exterior surface of the structure is prepared by applying a water-dispersed thermoplastic polyurethane composition and a heat-activated reactive crosslinking monomer onto a mold surface and thereafter drying the composition. Next, a rapidly reacting composition is sprayed onto an inner surface of the outer layer while the outer layer is retained on the mold surface to form a polyurethane elastomer inner layer that is interfacially chemical bonded to the outer layer. The inner layer with the outer layer interfacially chemically bonded thereto is then united with the rigid substrate so that the rigid substrate serves to reinforce the outer layer.

Abstract: A method of preparing an oral preparation, especially in the form of hard gelatin capsules, tablets or pellets, for use by the administration of drugs or supplementary nutrients for human beings or animals, said preparation on its outer side being provided with an enteric coating which contains or comprises a calcium salt of a polysaccharide. A moisture-resistant layer containing a protein, especially zein, can be provided between the material to be coated and the enteric coating. The enteric coating is formed in situ by spraying the liquid coating substances in a fluidized bed. The present invention also pertains to oral preparations which is prepared by the method.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for making absorbent structures having a layer of discrete particulate absorbent material which is divided into two or more bands separated by a substantially particulate-free zone. The method of making such absorbent structures comprises the steps of first generating an initial particle suspension comprising a two-phase fluid of particles of absorbent gelling material suspended in a gas (such as air) flowing in an inlet duct. The initial particle suspension is then divided into multiple final particle suspensions in corresponding multiple branch ducts, each of the final particle suspensions having a given percentage of particles as a function of cross-sectional area of the inlet duct. The particles in the final particle suspensions are substantially uniformly distributed as a function of cross-sectional position in the branch ducts. Finally, the suspended particles are filtered from the final particle suspensions by capturing them on a substrate such as a layer of tissue.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for atomizing a dispersible liquid material or a mixture of dispersible liquid materials, characterized in that the dispersible liquid material (3) or the mixture is dispersed in the form of particles (7) by spraying at least one stream of solid particles (6) which are reactive as a result of their partial or total coating onto the material and the particles (7) are collected in a receiving medium.

Abstract: To improve the reduction in tensile strength due to aging as well as the recovery, a weak acid is applied to a glass fiber mat containing a phenolic condensation resin binder before the binder is hardened.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for spray painting of an article where the paint is heated to reduce the viscosity prior to being fed to a paint spray device such as an electrostatic paint spray device. A heat exchange unit is provided between each of a plurality paint supply sources and a paint spray device of a paint spray station, the heat exchange unit located closely adjacent to a respective paint spray device such that only paint being supplied to a paint spray device is heated by a respective heat exchange unit. The heat exchange unit preferably uses a hot dielectric oil for indirect heat exchange with the paint, and preferably a volume of heated paint between a heat exchange unit and a respective paint spray device is only about 15 percent or less of the volume of paint in the heat exchange unit, while the volume of heated paint is about one to three times the volume per minute of flow through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of a powder coating, in which a suspension of powder particles is sprayed and the spray jet is directed onto the substrate to be coated, characterized in that1.) a suspension of powder particles in a liquefied gas is employed, the gas having been liquefied under a pressure of not more than 20 bar, and2.) the liquid gas is vaporized before, during or after the spraying of the suspension.

Abstract: The present invention, in certain embodiments, discloses a method for treating cellulose fibers comprising treating cellulose fibers with an acidic medium, and applying an adhesive composition to the cellulose fibers, the adhesive composition including polyvinyl alcohol cooked without addition of an acidic substance. The present invention, in certain embodiments, discloses a method for spraying with a spray nozzle an insulation composition onto a substrate, the method including introducing cellulose fibers under pressure through a first hose into the spray nozzle, the cellulose fibers treated with an acidic medium, introducing an adhesive composition under pressure through a second hose into the spray nozzle, the adhesive composition comprising polyvinyl alcohol cooked without an acidic medium, and spraying from the spray nozzle the treated cellulose fibers and adhesive composition onto the substrate.

Abstract: An in situ vehicle bed liner together with a method for production of the liner is provided. A vehicle bed is prepared by sandblasting and cleaning, and surfaces adjacent to where the liner is to be formed are protected. A two component polyurethane, polyurea or polyurethane/polyurea hybrid is utilized to create the liner, with the two components maintained separately until application to the vehicle bed. A spray gun is used to create the sides of the liner, mixing together the two polymer components just prior to exiting the spray gun. The polymer composition reaches it gel point almost immediately upon contact with the vehicle bed to prevent running or sagging of the polymer material. The polymer is sprayed on the sides of the vehicle bed to produce contiguous sides of the liner and allowed to gel. The two component polymer material is then poured on the floor of the vehicle bed and adjoins the polymer sides of the liner to produce a contiguous liner. The polymer is then cured to form the vehicle bed liner.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a solid preparation coated with a non-solvent coating which is prepared by feeding a polymeric powder directly as coating agent while continuously spraying a solid medicine with an atomized mixture of a liquid substance, which has a contact angle against the polymer coating agent of 10 degrees or less, and a plasticizer. A method of manufacturing a dry-coated solid preparation in which a solid preparation, coated with a non-solvent coating, is treated by adding or spraying an atomized water or an aqueous solution of a water soluble substance in the amount of 1-10 wt % of the solid preparation to wet said "coating layer" followed by drying.

Abstract: A cement setting and hardening accelerator having the formulaAl(OH).sub.x (R).sub.ywherein R is a basic anion which is not sulphate, and x+y=3. The anion is preferably derived from an acid RH.sub.n which is preferably an organic acid. The accelerator gives excellent performance in shotcrete and is alkali-free.

Abstract: A spray operation method for monolithic refractories, which comprises forcibly sending to an application field by a force feed pump and a force feed piping a self flowable mixed batch prepared by mixing, together with water, a powder composition for monolithic refractories comprising refractory aggregates, a refractory powder and a small amount of a dispersant; injecting into the mixed batch, compressed air and a required amount of a rapid setting agent respectively from a compressed air injection inlet and a rapid setting agent injection inlet provided at a downstream portion or downstream portions of the force feed piping; sending the mixed batch together with the compressed air by a nozzle piping to a spray nozzle attached to the forward end of the nozzle piping; and spraying the mixed batch from the spray nozzle to an application site.

Abstract: Polyurea elastomer systems have improved adhesion to a substrate with the use of a primer that is applied first. The primer is composed of hydrophobic, primary hydroxyl-containing compound, for example, castor oil, and an isocyanate. It is not necessary to wait for the primer to cure prior to applying of the polyurea elastomer system. The primer system is particularly useful on wet substrates, where the primer penetrates the substrate prior to polyurea elastomer spraying. Regardless of whether the substrate is dry or wet, adhesion is improved.

Abstract: A method for use with dye-based ionic ink jet inks is disclosed whereby the ink jet ink becomes substantially waterfast upon application to a print substrate. The method includes treating a print substrate with a precipitant composition and jetting an ionic ink jet ink onto the print substrate, wherein the precipitant composition includes water and an ionic precipitant of opposite ionic charge from the ionic ink jet ink. The print substrate may be treated during formation of the print substrate or after formation of the print substrate and before jetting the ionic ink jet ink onto the print substrate. By this method, the ionic precipitant composition reacts with the oppositely charged ionic ink jet ink to form a precipitant on the print substrate that is substantially waterfast.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coating liquid for forming a silver film on a substrate. The coating liquid includes a first ammoniacal aqueous solution containing silver nitrate and a second aqueous solution containing a reducer, a strong alkali, and at least one member selected from the group consisting halides and water-soluble proteins. The first and second aqueous solutions are reacted for forming the silver film on the substrate. The silver film formed from the coating liquid is fine and in texture, is superior in adhesion to the substrate, and enables a precise reflection image.

Abstract: A process for reducing dissolution time in the production of sodium percarbonate particles containing an alkali metal silicate as stabilizer by fluidized bed spray granulation and/or by coating sodium percarbonate particles with a coating containing an alkali metal silicate, wherein a solution containing alkali metal silicate is sprayed during production and/or coating which contains alkali metal silicate having a modulus in the range from less than 3 to greater than 1. Sodium percarbonate produced by fluidized bed spray granulation is distinguished by elevated Oa stability and short dissolution times and may thus readily be used in detergents and cleaning products containing silicate builders.

Abstract: In a method of painting a building board by a computer-controlled painting machine so that colored paint patterns are formed on a surface of the building board, data is previously set regarding a colored paint pattern to be applied to a peripheral portion of the building board and stored in a memory of a computer. The peripheral portion of the board is painted on the basis of the data stored in the memory so that the paint of the color whose data is stored in the memory is applied to the peripheral portion of the building board. Random data is originated by the computer regarding a random colored paint pattern to be applied to a portion of the building board other than the peripheral portion. The data is previously set regarding the colored paint pattern to be applied to the peripheral portion of the building board, while various paint patterns are formed of the surface of the building board by a random pattern forming function of the computer.

Abstract: A method for preparing a light stable polyurethane, sprayable by means of a spray pistol, wherein use is made of an active hydrogen containing compound, wherein the functional groups consist for at least 50% of an active CH.sub.2 OH, NH and/or NH.sub.2 group, the functionality of which varies from 2 to 8 and the equivalent weight of which is comprised between 100 and 3500, together with 2 to 300 parts, per 100 parts of said compounds of a chain extender and/or a cross-linker, the functional groups of which are OH groups, at least 50% of which are primary OH groups, the equivalent weight of which is less than 100 and the functionality of which varies from 2 to 6, and with a catalytic system which comprises at least an organic lead, bismuth and/or tin (IV) compound and at least an amine initiator, having a functionality of 2 to 6, an equivalent weight lower than or equal to 200, and at least one aliphatic NH.sub.2 or NH group.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for spraying a liquid or hot melt material involve placing the material in a plurality of parallel grooves arranged across the entire width of a movable member and then causing a compressed gas to impinge upon the material in the grooves, thereby to spray the material from the grooves toward a substrate, as by extending, fiberizing or atomizing the material, or by mixing a gas with the material. For some materials of relatively high viscosity, a scraper is used to scrape the material from the grooves, and the compressed gas impinges the material while it is on the scraper, thereby to cause spraying. This provides a wide band deposition of a liquid or hot melt material with uniform material distribution across the entire width, along with improved ability to quantify the amount of material deposited on the substrate.

Abstract: A process for producing thin films includes a step of dissolving one or two or more thin film materials into solutions or dispersions that are sprayed respective spray nozzles provided for each component onto a substrate in a high vacuum vessel. The components are deposited on the substrate and then are heated.

Abstract: A method for placing a thixotropic low-cement castable refractory material without the necessity for forms. A low-cement castable material is mixed with a measured amount of water, then is pumped hydraulically through a hose to a nozzle assembly. Compressed air and a cement setting agent are added to the mixture at the nozzle. The addition of the setting agent at the nozzle overcomes the thixotropic nature of the low-cement castable, so that it will immediately "set" in position when sprayed onto a surface, including vertical and overhead surfaces.

Abstract: A method of protecting structures and articles from environmental exposure uses a semi-permanent or temporary in situ formed film or tarp to cover the protected articles. The film is environmentally safe and biodegradable. The film also may function as a release film to protect surfaces, such as aircraft wings and refrigeration surfaces, from ice accumulation and may act as a confining barrier to control particulate materials during transportation.

Abstract: A polyvinyl ether and paraffin wax blend is described which is useful as a coating for encapsulates which are stable in an alkaline environment and which exhibit a volume % compressibility of 20.degree. or less at 30.degree. C. The polyvinyl ether material has a formula [C.sub.x H.sub.2x O].sub.y.

Abstract: This is a granulating-coating apparatus comprising: a spraying means for spraying a binder liquid or a coating liquid onto articles to be processed, which are received in a rotary drum; a brush provided in a manner to be movable relatively to the spraying means in the rotary drum, for contacting a spray gun formed in the spraying means and removing adhered articles on the spray gun; and an adhered article sucking device provided in the vicinity of the brush, for receiving the removed adhered articles. With this arrangement, the adhered articles on spraying openings of the spraying means can be removed completely without contamination of the articles to be processed with the removed adhered articles.

Abstract: Coating a substrate with a reinforced resin matrix comprised of liquid resin and reinforcing material can be accomplished with an apparatus where the liquid resin and the reinforcing material are mixed external to the apparatus prior to impacting the substrate. The liquid resin is directed through a cylinder 12 and then through an orifice 7 in nozzle 1, while the reinforcing material is carried in a gas stream through cavity 13, around cylinder 12, and past the nozzle 1. As the reinforcing material passes the nozzle 1, it is drawn into the liquid resin. Due to the distribution of the reinforcing material around the liquid resin flow, the reinforcing material is substantially homogeneously wetted by the liquid resin prior to impacting the substrate.

Abstract: A multiple nozzle coating apparatus and method which simultaneous propels a plurality of coating compositions in substantially overlapping coating patterns. The coating compositions are formulated with a viscosity and rheology control agent to have sufficient wet strength to stand alone and not flow or readily mix with itself when applied under non-atomizing conditions. A separate nozzle is provided for each of the viscous coating compositions configured to create overlapping coverage over the area coated. The separate coating nozzles are inclined toward a substantially overlapping coat pattern. The coating compositions and compressed air are delivered to the separate nozzles. Adjustable valves are provided for releasing coating compositions and the compressed air from each of the nozzles to simultaneously propel coating compositions away from each of the nozzles to form a coat pattern wherein the coating compositions remaining substantially separate after being propelling.

Abstract: A convergent end-effector which combines a liquid and dry flow external to a spray nozzle eliminates clogging problems common in the prior art spray coating systems. The end-effector utilizes a nozzle with an orifice and at least one atomizing hole, a conduit for directing a liquid resin through the nozzle and an outer housing disposed around said conduit to form a cavity. Reinforcing material enters the cavity on an gas stream supplied and controlled by an eductor located prior to the outer housing, in the direction of the nozzle, and at an angle of less than about 90.degree. with respect to the conduit. The end of the conduit near the nozzle is preferably angled toward the nozzle to further direct the reinforcing material into the liquid resin.

Abstract: A water-resistant film is formed on a transparent panel such as an automobile window glass panel by applying a coating solution to a surface of a to be coated of the transparent panel, applying a solvent to a surface of a region not to be coated of the transparent panel in partly overlapping relation to the coating solution applied to the region to be coated, drying the applied coating solution and solvent, and thereafter baking the coating solution into a water-resistant film.

Abstract: A plurality of nozzles and treating liquid supplying tubes are supported by rigid support arms forming part of temperature control piping for contacting the tubes to maintain treating liquids in the tubes to a constant temperature. The support arms are pivotable about a pivot axis located sideways from a substrate, such that the nozzles are movable between a dispensing position and a standby position displaced from above the substrate. A drive arm engages and swings a selected one of the support arms to move the nozzle attached to the selected support arm, between the dispensing position and standby position. With this construction, a nozzle selected from the plurality of nozzles is reliably moved in a predetermined posture to a predetermined position, while allowing sufficient temperature control of treating liquids by the temperature controlling piping, and avoiding inadvertent dripping of the treating liquids due to deformations of the treating liquid supplying tubes.

Abstract: In the method described, a compound substantially in the form of a paste is fed by means of a pump from a storage container (1) to a metering device (3) which determines the amount of paste to be applied to a workpiece (B). From the metering device, the paste is fed to a spray head (S) where it is mixed with compressed air from a cylinder (4) or other suitable supply and sprayed on to the workpiece (B). The amount of compressed air supplied to the paste for spraying purposes is controlled by means of a control unit (6) in such a way that a strip of substantially constant width is applied to the workpiece (B).

Abstract: There is provided an improved composition for rapid setting, sprayable cementitious material, as well as improved processes and systems for mixing and placing such materials. The composition comprises a sprayable mixture of cement forming ingredients, such as silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, and an aqueous metal phosphate solution. The process for mixing and placing such a composition uses serially connected dry material feed receptacles which are independently pressurizable and are isolatable from ambient conditions after loading to provide substantially increased throughput volume. The receptacles communicate the composition to a fluidizing element in which the material is fluidized before being formed into a slurry and atomized. Alternatively, dry and slurried material can be conveyed in a cavity pump under high pressure to achieve substantially increased throughput volume.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously coating particulate such as rubber with liquid binder and applying the same to a substrate to form resilient athletic surfaces. Total encapsulation of the particulate with the liquid binder is accomplished prior to applying the mix to the substrate. In addition, the method of delivery of the particulate and binder maintains the ratios thereof uniform. In its method aspects, the instant invention involves separately introducing a stream of particulate and a stream of binder into a spray nozzle, where they are combined and delivered to the substrate. The apparatus includes a nozzle assembly having a central lumen and an elongated tip, the lumen being formed so as to force the particulate introduced therein to follow a circuitous or indirect path therethrough and thereby decrease its velocity prior to being ejected from the nozzle.

Abstract: For the trickle resin impregnation of mainly electrical windings or of other components, electric motors, etc., containing electrical elements, a curing agent-free trickle resin is allowed to leave separately from an outlet opening to form a jet, which is flowing onto the object that is to be impregnated. Before the jet strikes the object, a curing agent may be sprayed onto the jet surface of the flowing trickle resin, so that trickle resin, mixed with curing agent, comes into contact exclusively with the object to be impregnated and not with any other object.

Abstract: A system for cutting and spraying a plurality of resin strands with an emulsion. The system includes a spray gun that has a cutter assembly that cuts a single resin thread into a plurality of individual strands. The cutter assembly is constructed to cut the strands into varying lengths. The strands are blown from the gun by a housing that is connected to a source of pressurized air. The housing has a pair of openings that are adapted to blow the strands parallel with the gun, so that the resin lies flat on the working surface. The gun also has a pair of nozzles attached to the housing and coupled to a progressive cavity pump that supplies an emulsion. The nozzles are adapted to spray the emulsion into the path of the resin spray, so that the resin and emulsion are mixed onto the working surface.

Abstract: A system for cutting and spraying a plurality of resin strands with an emulsion. The system includes a spray gun that has a cutter assembly that cuts a single resin thread into a plurality of individual strands. The cutter assembly is constructed to cut the strands into varying lengths. The strands are blown from the gun by a housing that is connected to a source of pressurized air. The housing has a pair of openings that are adapted to blow the strands parallel with the gun, so that the resin lies flat on the working surface. The gun also has a pair of nozzles attached to the housing and coupled to a progressive cavity pump that supplies an emulsion. The nozzles are adapted to spray the emulsion into the path of the resin spray, so that the resin and emulsion are mixed onto the working surface.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for applying a multicomponent coating composition onto a substrate. The method comprises separately transporting at least one component under pressure to a proportioning device which provides a controlled ratio of the components. The components of the coating composition are then mixed and coated onto the substrate at ambient temperature or, to accelerate curing, at moderate temperatures. The method is especially useful for applying multipackage refinish coating compositions.

Abstract: In the method described, a compound substantially in the form of a paste is fed by means of a pump from a storage container (1) to a metering device (3) which determines the amount of paste to be applied to a workpiece (B). From the metering device, the paste is fed to a spray head (S) where it is mixed with compressed air from a cylinder (4) or other suitable supply and sprayed on to the workpiece (B). The amount of compressed air supplied to the paste for spraying purposes is controlled by means of a control unit (6) in such a way that a strip of substantially constant width is applied to the workpiece (B).

Abstract: A projecting construction apparatus for a molten-metal-discharging hole includes a rotating shaft and an impeller rotatably supported by the end of the rotating shaft. The impeller has vanes radially disposed and is open to fluid flow in a generally axial direction, such that gas flowing axially toward the impeller can pass substantially axially through the impeller without being deflected against a wall of the hole, while liquid and solid material are deflected by the vanes against the wall of the hole. At least two material-supplying pipes are located around the rotating shaft, and are connected to supply projection material entrained in a fluid to the impeller, and have ejection ports generally equi-angularly disposed about the shaft axis. The ejection ports are directed toward the vanes, and a plurality of control valves are connected to respective ones of the pipes so as to control an amount of the projection material which is supplied to each of the pipes.

Abstract: A method of depositing a solid substance on the surface of the substrate in which the solid substance is dissolved in a solvent to create a first solution. The solid substance is less freely divided prior to dissolution than when deposited on the substrate and the deposition density of the solid substance on the substrate is regulated at least in part by solid substance concentration. The solid substance is insoluble in a liquified gas and the first solution is soluble in the liquified gas. The solvent also is capable of depressing the freezing point of the liquified gas upon expansion of the liquified gas. The first solution is dissolved in the liquified gas to create a second solution having a sufficient concentration of the solvent relative to the liquified gas that solidification of the liquified gas is substantially prevented upon the expansion thereof. Preferably, this concentration of solvent is a minimum to prevent overuse of environmentally hazardous solvents.

Abstract: The method serves for the electroless deposition of a metal layer (7) from a metallization liquid on a top side of a flat article to be metallized, more in particular a flat disc, for example, a master disc (1) which is used for the reproduction of optical discs. According to the method the top side of the article is first made hydrophilic, if so necessary, after which, with the article supported in a horizontal position, a quantity of metallization liquid is provided on the top side which was previously made hydrophilic as a stable liquid layer (16) bounded by the edges of the article, after which the deposition of the metal from the liquid on the article takes place and the liquid layer is the removed entirely from the surface.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying a liquid coating which can be cured to a dry film to a plurality of fasteners each with a blind recess therein without accumulating excessive coating in the blined recesses. The fasteners are received in a cage with a cylindrical sidewall which is rotated with its axis inclined at an acute included angle of about 25.degree. to 65.degree. to the vertical and a speed of 1 to 30 rpm to circulate the fasteners while the liquid coating is sprayed onto the fasteners in the rotating cage. The fasteners with a liquid coating thereon are heated to a temperature of about 325.degree. F. to 425.degree. F. for 10 to 30 minutes to cure the coating to a dry film adhered to each fastener.

Abstract: A system and method for effecting the continuous, in-line coating of workpieces, freely supported upon a conveyor, utilizes an ultrasonic spray unit for delivery of a photo-polymerizable coating material. The deposited liquid is immediately irradiated to initiate curing, and the system and method are particularly well adapted for the formation of conformal coatings on printed circuit boards, utilizing two-part coating compositions.

Abstract: For the trickle resin impregnation of mainly electrical windings or of other components, electric motors, etc., containing electrical elements, a curing agent-free trickle resin is allowed to leave separately from an outlet opening to form a jet, which is flowing onto the object that is to be impregnated. Before the jet strikes the object, a curing agent may be sprayed onto the jet surface of the flowing trickle resin, so that trickle resin, mixed with curing agent, comes into contact exclusively with the object to be impregnated and not with any other object.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyesters which are particularly suitable in coating compositions which are sprayed with compressed fluids which act as viscosity reducing diluents.

Abstract: A first method for manufacturing a solid oxide film having a highly densified solid oxide film having a small thickness and an improved electric conductivity; and a second method for manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell in which a solid oxide film formed on an air electrode or a fuel electrode is manufactured by the first method. The solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention is capable of generating a high power. The solid oxide film is formed on a substrate in such manner that a solid oxide material is sprayed on the substrate to form a sprayed solid oxide film thereon; Then a solution of metal compound including at least one metal selected from a group of manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc is impregnated into the sprayed solid oxide film; and the sprayed solid oxide film is subjected to a heat treatment in order to increase an airtightness of the film. It may be possible to use a material for spraying, in which 1.about.

Abstract: Ferrocement lining units are made by spraying aqueous cementitious compositions onto a wire mesh. Such lining units can be used for lining water courses, particularly underground sewers. Preferred cementitious compositions are based on cement powder, silica sand, water, optionally fly ash and possibly other minor additives. In making the lining units, steel wire mesh is supported in a mold and sprayed with the composition preferably by a particular form of gun (5) which is supplied with mortar and compressed air, as part of an overall apparatus that includes a pump (3) and an air compressor (6) which enable spray applications to be effected remotely from the mortar supply and preferably underground for the in-situ lining of sewers. The spray pattern of the gun is adjustable. Controlling the mortar supply and air pressure helps to reduce the problems associated with excessive spray formation and rebound of the applied mortar.

Abstract: A method for producing a decorative panel wall paper and the like out of a flat piece of creaseable material wherein the piece is first creased along a multitude of crease lines to form a relatively flat production blank configured with a topography having peak portions and valley portions formed by regions of the piece between various ones of the crease lines, comprising the step of either spraying a sprayable pigment onto at least one side of the piece in an oblique direction so that the sprayable pigment impinges and is retained on windward sides of the peak portions with valley portions and leeward sides of the peak portions being shielded from the sprayable pigment, or immersing the piece into a fluid dip to coat the surface portions with a film operative to alter the appearance thereof and thereafter forming a relatively flat production blank.

Abstract: This invention, therefore, relates to the field of polyurethane coatings for use in automobile basecoat/clearcoat systems. In particular, this invention relates to the discovery that incorporating a long-chain carboxylic acid of at least 50% by weight of the carboxylic acid component used to make polyester resins which are further incorporated into polyurethane resins provides basecoat composition exhibiting low temperature flash characteristics. These low temperature flash characteristics are exhibited even where the basecoat is deposited at 50-90% relative humidity.