Abstract: A roving cutting steering mechanism for use with a plural component spray gun for producing fiberglass reinforced products. A roving cutter is mounted on a plural component spray gun with a support plate and a bracket which is easily vertically adjustable by loosening a bolt mounting the bracket on the gun body. Horizontal adjustment is provided by a cam fitting a slot in the end of a bracket which shifts a mounting plate horizontally. The roving cutter being mounted on the plate is steered to align the path of cuttings ejected from the roving cutter to the optimum position for intersecting the fluid path of material being sprayed by the spray gun. Quick easy adjustment both vertically and horizontally of a roving cutter allows optimizing the mixture of roving cuttings with a spray of plural components being applied to a surface.

Abstract: A refractory binder including a tackifying agent. The tackifying agent is a montmorillonite clay. The binder is a chromium alumina phosphate mixture with a fluxing agent. The binder may also be a colloidal suspension of alumina, silica or zirconia with montmorillonite clay. The binder is used with refractory fiber to produce a monolithic layer.

Abstract: A method for finishing clothes, that improves the wearing sensation and feeling of the clothes on the body, consisting of arranging one or more articles of clothing by hanging from a rod in a sealed chamber after dry cleaning or washing the clothes, then spraying hydrophilic finishing agent which is water soluble or diluted with water by emulsifying in a predetermined quantity adapted for the clothes to be finished to moisten the entire front and back surfaces of the clothes to be finished by adhering the agent thereto, thereafter or simultaneously therewith the clothes are fully steamed. Then blowing hot air upon the clothes to dry them. This method can (1) use any finishing agent which is water soluble or that can be diluted with water by emulsifying, (2) uniformly adhere or impregnate finishing agent to all outer and inner surfaces of clothes, (3) perform spraying of a predetermined quantity of finishing agent in a short working time span of seconds and (4) reduce facility costs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for curing a film of a coating composition under vapor permeation curable conditions. Such method comprises exposing a coating composition to a vaporous tertiary amine catalyst. The coating composition can be in the form of an atomizate which is concurrently generated and mixed with a vaporous tertiary amine catalyst followed by application to a substrate, or can be an applied film of the coating composition which is exposed to the vaporous tertiary amine catalyst. The coating composition comprises a polymercapto-compound and a multi-isocyanate curing agent. The coating composition can be formulated to contain very high solids content (e.g. in excess of 70% and on up to 100% non-volatile solids).

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for forming a paint marking on a roadway surface using a paint composition comprising (a) a paint vehicle comprising the reaction product of nitrocellulose, a polymeric hydroxyalkyl acrylate modifier, and an isocyanate resin as the binder, and a solvent, and (b) pigment in an amount sufficient to color the paint composition.

Abstract: An improved method for the production of a laminated product of porous materials, which comprises applying a two-part aqueous adhesive comprising(A) a main composition comprising a water-soluble urethane prepolymer and a polyurethane rubber, and(B) a curing composition comprising water and optionally a conventional curing agent,to the surface of at least one of materials to be adhered, wherein at least one of the materials to be adhered is a porous material, and piling up the materials and then pressing. Said two-part aqueous adhesive has excellent adhesion, particularly initial adhesion, and hence can give the desired laminated products by pressing the piled materials for a very short period of time, and the laminated products have excellent feeling and handling and are useful as a material for seats in automobiles, offices, etc., carpets, cushions, and the like.

Abstract: A two-component mixing type coating method which is utilized for coating car components, and the like. A main component solution and a hardner solution are run together at an intermediate portion of a supply conduit and are mixed. The mixture solution is sent to a coating spray gun and injected from the gun for coating. The two-component mixing type coating method of the present invention is characterized in that check valves and stop valves are disposed at positions of the flow conduits upstream from the junction, an escape valve is connected to a flow conduit at a portion downstream from the junction, and when the coating spray operation from the coating spray gun is stopped, the escape valve is opened and then the stop valves are closed by control means.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a composite material by melt-spraying, comprising the steps of melt-spraying a metal as the main constituent of the composite material onto a base plate and injecting a reinforcing substance comprising discontinuous fibers into the metal melt spray stream upstream of the base plate to effect mixing of the reinforcing substance in the melt-sprayed stream of metal within a temperature range without producing a resultant reaction layer between said metal and said reinforcing substance.

Abstract: A coating apparatus comprising a composition feeder for delivering an unadjusted coating composition from a composition source 1 via a composition supply pipe 4, a solvent feeder unit for delivering a solvent from a solvent source 2, 3 via a solvent supply pipe 5, 6, a mixer 18 connected to the composition supply pipe 4 and to the solvent supply pipe 5, 6 for adjusting the viscosity of the coating composition, an applicator 19 for spraying the adjusted coating composition supplied from the mixer 18 and a temperature sensor 14 disposed in a coating booth 13, the solvent feeder unit being provided with a regulator 15 for controlling the supply of the solvent to a predetermined rate in response to a signal from the temperature sensor 14, the solvent feeder unit preferably comprising the two feeders for the high- and low-temperature solvent sources, the apparatus having the advantage that the amount of solvent to be admixed with an unadjusted coating composition can be automatically adjusted to a specified value

Abstract: A spray gun for applying a film to a workpiece has a spray head provided with an annular nozzle designed to discharge material which is to undergo pneumatic atomization. A second annular nozzle surrounds the pneumatic material discharge nozzle and is designed to discharge atomizing air for pneumatic atomization of the material issuing from the pneumatic material discharge nozzle. The spray head is further provided with an additional material discharge nozzle designed to discharge material which is to undergo hydrostatic atomization. The hydrostatic material discharge nozzle is disposed centrally of, and is surrounded by, the pneumatic material discharge nozzle. The hydrostatic material discharge nozzle forms a first spray of hydrostatically atomized material while the annular nozzles form a hollow conical second spray which surrounds the first spray when both sprays are on simultaneously.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a fiber reinforced thermosetting resin molding material, which comprises feeding a liquid thermosetting resin composition to the surface of at least one transfer roller in rotation, causing the resin composition adhering to the surface to be spread in the form of particles by a spreading roller opposed across a gap to the transfer roller and rotated in the same direction as the transfer roller, allowing the spread said resin composition to be piled up in a state mixed with reinforcing fibers separately spread, and subsequently removing the entrapped air from the resultant pile thereby enabling the resin composition to wet out the reinforcing fibers in said pile.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are described for simultaneously thermal spraying at least two types of powders onto a substrate, wherein both powder types are carried by a single spray stream and impacted upon the substrate. According to the invention, the different powder types are injected into the spray stream through separate powder ports in such a manner that there is substantially no mixing of the powder types in the spray stream. The spray system and substrate being sprayed are moved relative to each other to produce a homogeneous sprayed powder deposit.

Abstract: A granular expanded mineral material, e.g. vermiculite, is caused to move in the form of a free flow (28) through a mist (46) produced by an atomizer (29). A waterglass solution and a hardener therefor are supplied through conduits (32,43) and (33,42) respectively, to the intrior of the atomizer (29) for co-atomization to produce said mist (46). A small amount of hydrophobizing agent non-emulsifiable in the waterglass solution is introduced into the stream of waterglass solution in the conduit (32,43). An in-line mixer (53) is built into that conduit immediately ahead of its exit (45) to the atomizer. By passing through the atomized mist (46) the grains of the expanded mineral material are individually coated with a film of waterglass solution and hardener with hydrophobizing agent finely distributed therein. The film-coated granular material is immediately thereafter pneumatically conveyed to a place of deposition on a surface, e.g.

Abstract: The application by spraying on a ceramic furnace wall of a refractory spray material prepared by mixing a spray powder consisting of 100 pts. wt. a refractory aggregate of a predetermined particle size and 0.1-3 pts. wt. a curing accelerator with 0.5-5 pts. wt. a damping agent added thereto is accomplished with notably high levels of adhesiveness and uniformity without deteriorating the working environment with dust by a method which comprises performing said application while admixing the refractory spray material with a sodium silicate solution as a binder having a viscosity in the range of 3-10 cPs at 15.degree. C. and containing 2-8 wt. % Na.sub.2 O and 8-20 wt. % SiO.sub.2.

Abstract: A method for directing a stream of bulk fibers while simultaneously spraying a solution of high temperature resistant tacky binder material into the stream of fibers. A layer of high temperature insulating fibers on a furnace, kiln, or other surface to be thermally protected may thus be formed. The layer of binder coated fibers is then cured to a monolithic layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coating composition which is rapidly curable at room temperature in the presence of a vaporous tertiary amine catalyst. The coating composition comprises a poly(nitro alcohol) compound and a multi-isocyanate curing agent.

Abstract: A process for preparing a slow-burning, low-smoking, high heat-distortion-temperature polyisocyanurate polymer and the polymer produced thereby, which process comprises reacting an MDI prepolymer with a caprolactone polyol in the presence of a trimerization catalyst, wherein the MDI prepolymer is prepared from an MDI having a functionality of about 2.4 or less, and particularly a 2.4 isomer, and with an ethylene-oxide-capped polypropylene oxide polyol, the process providing for the formation of a rigid, high heat-distortion RIM or an open-spray molded part.

Abstract: A method for spray applying refractory fiber to a surface. An alumina containing binder, preferably aluminum chloride, is used in a spray method to bond the fiber to itself and to a substrate surface. A refractory layer comprised of fiber and binder produced by the method of the invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: A coating composition that can be cured with a vaporous amine catalyst, cured by baking at elevated temperatures or can be cured at ambient temperatures which has as the binderA. an acrylic polymer containing hydroxyl groups and amine containing groups and has a weight average molecular weight of about 2,000-50,000 andB. an aliphatic polyisocyanate.

Abstract: A thermal insulation is formed by simultaneously spraying ceramic fibers and a binder at a surface to be covered. An aqueous binder is prepared prior to application to the fiber during the spraying operation. The binder includes an organic component which provides necessary wet and green adhesion to the substrate surface and wet and green cohesion to the newly formed lining prior to firing of the sprayed-on layer. The binder also includes an inorganic component which functions at and after exposure to a high temperature to secure the ceramic fibers to the substrate and to one another. Drying and firing of the layer develops strength in the inorganic binder. Known ceramic fibers such as alumina-silica amorphous fibers, alumina-silica-zirconia fibers, polycrystalline mullite fibers, alumina fibers, mineral fibers, or combinations thereof, and the like may be employed. The fiber may be precoated with the organic binder.

Abstract: A method of abrading and simultaneously coating at least one surface of an article, particularly a circuit board assembly. The method comprises introducing abrasive particles into the compressed gas supply of a spray gun. The resulting gas stream with entrained abrasive particles is transported to and emitted from at least one spray nozzle of the spray gun where it is directed to the surface of the article with a film-forming coating composition stream also directed to and emitted from at least one nozzle of the spray gun. The abrasive particles can be simultaneously sprayed along with the optional coating composition onto the surface (these abrasive particles being microballoons in the case of a circuit board assembly). The surface is abraded while the coating is being applied. The resulting coating is substantially free of abrasive articles and has good adherence to the surface.

Abstract: Composition for forming on an article a temporary protective covering and applicable in the form of an aqueous solution or dispersion, comprising at least one starch or starch derivative and at least one wetting agent.

Abstract: In acid processing of substrates, such as silicon wafers in the manufacture of electronic devices, such as integrated circuit chips, the method of mixing separate chemicals together in the processing chambers and as the separate chemicals are sprayed in atomized and directional spray patterns toward and across the surfaces of the substrates, the directional spray patterns emanating from different sources and having oblique directions with respect to each other to traverse each other at the surfaces of the substrates for thorough mixing and immediate application to the wafer faces to accomplish the processing. A vented housing defines the processing chamber with spray posts spaced from each other around the periphery of the housing and mounted on the sidewall and directing atomized liquid chemical sprays toward the center at which the substrates are mounted as to cause the spray patterns to traverse each other as they sweep across the wafers.

Abstract: A method of repairing cementitious substrates with polyurethane in which volatile-free polyurethane precursor reactants are sprayed and polymerized on the surfaces of cementitious articles, such as concrete water conduits.

Abstract: A method for directing a stream of bulk fibers while simultaneously spraying a solution of high temperature resistant tacky binder material into the stream of fibers. A layer of high temperature insulating fibers on a furnace, kiln, or other surface to be thermally protected may thus be formed. The layer of binder coated fibers is then cured to a monolithic layer.

Abstract: Sprayable urethane resin compositions and a process for preparing the sprayable resin compositions particularly with reinforcing materials such as chopped fiberglass, which process comprises reacting generally equal volumes of A and B side mixtures in a sprayable reaction to form a fast reacting, fast curing urethane resin, the A side mixture comprising an MDI or an MDI prepolymer prepared by reacting an MDI with a triol and a B side mixture comprising an auto catalytic, aromatic amine polyol having a hydroxyl number ranging from about 300 to 600, a viscosity reducing amount of a tetraethylene glycol and a catalyst to affect the rapid reaction and cure of the A and B side mixtures on spraying, the process may optionally include the incorporation of reinforcing materials, such as glass fibers and optionally may include the use of blowing agents to provide a lower density reinforced cured product.

Abstract: A method of making an insulation product to be used as a thermal resistor and fire retarder, and also to an apparatus for the accomplishment of this process. This method involves the pressurized spraying of expanded particles and an adhesive towards a target surface in a manner whereby the adhesive contacts the particles prior to their hitting a target surface. The apparatus involves a spraying device which directs the expanded particles and the adhesive into the intersecting paths necessary to facilitate adhesive-particle contact prior to their hitting the target surface, and serves to minimize loss of the aggregate due to bounce-back of the aggregate from the target surface.

Abstract: The invention is directed to overprinting a poly(vinyl chloride) resin substrate whose surface, or portion thereof, is colored by solvent soluble dye or by way of a mass solvent soluble dye, with a coloring agent made up of a liquid halogenated hydrocarbon solvent having 1-4 carbon atoms, pigment dispersed in said halohydrocarbon solvent, and a film former, dissolved in said halohydrocarbon solvent, consisting essentially of (a) acrylic resin or (b) a combination of acrylic resin and chlorinated polyolefin, at least 50% by weight of acrylic resin; and heat treating said overprinted substrate to adhere said film former and associated pigment.

Abstract: A method of coating automotive outer parts having components made of metals and of plastics by a system of two coating steps and one baking step, the method comprising coating the surface of the metal and plastics components with a single base coat composition; coating the base coat over the metal component with a clear topcoat composition prepared for metal components and the base coat over the plastics component with a clear topcoat composition prepared for plastics components; and thermally curing the base coat and the topcoats, the two topcoat compositions being capable of fulfilling the following requirements:(i) the base resin for the topcoat composition for the metal components has a glass transition temperature higher by about 10.degree. to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: An ultrasonic vibrator of the type used to atomize liquid is used for applying liquid finish to a moving threadline. The liquid is supplied to a through passage in the tip of the horn of the vibrator in which it is atomized and applied to the threadline which is moving through the passage in the tip of the horn.

Abstract: A process is provided for cleaning a substrate and providing it with a durable corrosion protecting coating by subjecting a part of the substrate to a blasting treatment and simultaneously hitting the same part of the substrate by a stream of a film forming binder. Structures in a marine environment can thus be provided with a durable coating in one combined operation of cleaning and coating. The invention also relates to the substrate thus obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel method for applying a film of a coating composition in liquid form onto a substrate which applied film cures rapidly at room temperature without heat curing. The coating composition comprises a hydroxyl-functional compound (preferably bearing aromatic-hydroxyl groups) and a multi-isocyanate cross-linking agent, optionally dispersed in a fugitive organic solvent therefor. The method comprises the steps of:(a) concurrently generating an atomizate of said coating composition and a carrier gas bearing a catalytic amount of a vaporous tertiary amine;(b) mixing said atomizate and said vaporous catalytic amine-bearing carrier gas flow; and(c) directing said mixture of step (b) onto said substrate to form said applied film.

Abstract: This is a method for coating the inside of a pipe with a wear-resistant material and is more specifically concerned with an improved production method for producing large size pipe.

Abstract: Coating of geological formations as well as air- and fire barriers is performed by providing aqueous rubber or rubber-like dispersions and spraying the dispersions via separate conduits simultaneously with a dry hydraulic binding medium, by a pressure air onto an object to be coated. An inert filling material can be added to the hydraulic binding medium, and a tenside can be added to the dispersions.

Abstract: A substrate, such as a roofing substrate, is protected by coating it with a low density polyurethane foam which is then coated with an essentially non-porous, dense, elastomeric polyurethane layer. The layer is formed by spraying a volatile-free spray of polyurethane precursor reactants onto the surface of the foam and rapidly reacting the precursors.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for applying a multi-component liquid adhesive. A liquid resin reservoir and a liquid hardener reservoir are connected by separate conduit means to resin and hardener mix chamber which is positioned adjacent to a dispenser so that the adhesive can be spread at substantially the same time as it is mixed. Separate resin and hardener pumps are each driven by their own variable output capacity power sources and means are provided for sensing the instantaneous speed of these pumps. These sensors are connected to separate control means for the power sources so that the power output to both of the pumps will be proportional to their respective instantaneous speeds. This apparatus compensates for temperature induced changes in viscosity of the resin or hardener so as to allow mixing proportions to remain constant.

Abstract: To build up a screed coat on a roof surface, a granular expanded inorganic material is subjected to an atomized spray of an adhesive consisting of a solution of waterglass and a hardener therefor so as to form a thin film of adhesive on each grain of the material, and the spray coated granular material thus obtained is immediately conveyed to and poured out on the roof surface. It is then spread over the roof surface and compressed to form a coherent layer constituting the screed coat. This may form a base for the superposition of insulating boards and a waterproof roof covering. The method is particulary useful in the renovation of deficient roofs originally built without a gradient towards outlets or gutters.

Abstract: A device for producing metallic particles utilizing the Coanda Effect to draw one stream of gas toward another stream of gas flowing over a foil. Molten metal is introduced between the two gas streams, and the resulting interaction breaks up the molten metal flow into particles of appropriate size, shape, composition and the like. Various embodiments can be used for the process of producing cast articles, while other versions can be used for the process of coating and deposition of the particles in liquid, solid or partially solidified form onto a substrate.

Abstract: A two-part adhesive comprising an aqueous synthetic resin emulsion adhesive and a gelling agent comprising a combination of (a) a member selected from the group consisting of calcium pantothenate, glycine calcium salt, alanine calcium salt, serine calcium salt, threonine calcium salt, methionine calcium salt, phenylalanine calcium salt and calcium aspartate and (b) a member selected from the group consisting of an organic acid salt and an inorganic acid salt, which can bond without any temporary tacking or fixing means, and a method for bonding two substances together with said two-part adhesive.

Abstract: Rust resistant, scratch resistant coatings are formed on glass containers during passage thereof through a tunnel at 500.degree.-720.degree. C. by forming a first fluid stream by passing dry air through a bath of tin tetrachloride, forming a second fluid stream by passing dry air through a bath of phosphorous trichloride or phosphorous oxychloride, combining the two fluid streams to form a fluid coating stream, and introducing the fluid coating stream containing tin tetrachloride and phosphorous halide in a weight ratio of between 2:1 to 9:1 into the tunnel to contact the hot glass containers and form a coating on the glass containers.

Abstract: A method and composition are provided for preparing elastomeric polymers containing a particulate rubber filler which are useful to provide relatively thick membranes for flooring, decking, roofing or other purposes and which permit the molding of a wide variety of rubber-like goods. The composition comprises a polyol, an organic polyisocyanate, an alkaline carbon dioxide absorbent and a water carrier in amounts sufficient to form a non-foaming pourable, trowelable or sprayable composition, includes rubber particles to provide increased resiliency, economy and density, and cures internally to provide a polyurethane elastomer coating. A prepolymer may be prepared as a separate component having an extended shelf life and adapted for ultimate combination with an aqueous rubber slurry in order to facilitate simple on site mixing of the composition.

Abstract: A method of gunning a basic gunning refractory onto a hot or cold surface to provide a gunned coating or filling, by a nozzle mixing method, the gunning refractory containing a basic refractory as aggregate, not more than 5% by weight of at least one of organic fibrous materials and inorganic fibrous materials, and as a binder, at least one of phosphates and silicates, characterized in that the gunning refractory is fed to the nozzle under air pressure in the range of 1-10 Kg/cm.sup.2, the gunning refractory is then discharged while being mixed at the nozzle with 5-25% by weight of water under pressure in the range of 0.5-5 Kg/cm.sup.2 and while a rotary motion is imparted thereto, the gunning is commenced by first discharging air and water simultaneously and then the gunning refractory, and the distance between the nozzle discharge end and the surface is in the range of 0.15 to 1.00 m while the spray width is less than 1.00 m.

Abstract: The electrogasdynamic coating system includes an electrogasdynamic gun for charging material particles indirectly. The gun has a gas inlet which receives from a gas source a pressurized gas in which an condensable vapor is entrained. Corona and attractor electrodes are disposed in communication with the gas inlet for ionizing the ionizable vapor. A dielectric tube extends from the electrodes downstream to a mixing chamber. A first fluid material inlet is connected with a first source of powder or liquid material and a second fluid material inlet is connected with a second source of powder or liquid material. The first and second fluid material inlets are connected with the mixing chamber such that particles of the first and second fluid materials are mixed with the gas and vapor. The vapor condenses and coats the particles during mixing causing them to become charged. In use, a condensable vapor is entrained into a gas flow, the gas flow is passed across corona and attractor electrodes to ionize the vapor.

Abstract: A fuser member has a composite layer including (1) a first layer of a first material which is an elastomer; (2) a second layer of a second material which is preferably a fluoroelastomer which is impervious to fuser oil absorbed by said first material; and (3) a layer intermediate to and continuous with the first and second layers in which the proportion of the first material to the second material gradually varies from substantially only the first material to substantially only the second material.Methods of making the fuser member by a spray technique and of using the fuser member to fuse toner images to a receiver are also disclosed.

Abstract: A small object (12, FIG. 2) is coated by holding it in the pressure well (20) of an acoustic standing wave pattern, and then applying a mist of liquid coating material (42) at low velocity into the pressure well. The pressure gradient within the well forces the mist particles to be pushed against the object. A lower frequency acoustic wave (for oscillator 28, FIG. 4) also can be applied to the coated object, to vibrate it so as to evenly distribute the coated material. The same lower frequency vibrations can be applied to an object in the shape of a hollow sphere, to center the inner and outer surfaces of the sphere while it remains suspended.

Abstract: Plastic foam is expelled from a slit-shaped nozzle under high enough pressure to break up the plastic foam into generally discrete particles which are propelled toward a surface to be coated with foam at a relatively high velocity. Upon striking the surface, the particles exhibit good adhesion and mechanically key into the substrate upon which they impact. The invention is particularly useful for coating the surface of a landfill for daily sealing of the upper surface thereof.

Abstract: A dry-spray concrete placement method in which a binder component utilizing a hydraulic, e.g. portland cement, an aggregate and water is applied to a substrate by a mixing nozzle. According to the invention, a portion of the binder component is formed by a liquid reactive resin which is activated or induced to react by a hardener component also applied with the mix.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for bringing into contact liquids at least one of which is viscous, the apparatus consisting essentially of a tubular container, a first nozzle from introducing a liquid in the upper portion of the container, at least one other nozzle lower than the first nozzle for introducing a different liquid, the tubular container being closeable at the tap thereof and downward from said other nozzle being constricted breast shaped to form a discharge opening, said other nozzles are preferably of polished steel, said other nozzles consist essentially of at least one tangential spray means arranged in at least one row, said other nozzles being slightly above said constriction and being directed in the direction of the upper closeable device or said first nozzle and wherein the discharge opening can discharge into another container which is permanently or detachably connected to the tubular container, said further container can be provided with means for establishing reduced pressure or super

Abstract: A spray coating process for application of water-dilutable paint systems which includes spraying a water-dilutable paint through a main nozzle which atomizes the paint and simultaneously therewith spraying at least one additional material from at least one lateral ancillary nozzle into and/or around the paint stream from the main nozzle. The additional material can be water to control the water content of the paint film, or it can be an additive such as a leveling aid for the paint. The spraying of the additional material into and around the paint stream while it is being projected to the surface to be painted causes the material to locate primarily at the surface of the atomized paint droplets.

Abstract: A thermally insulated masonry wall comprising a plurality of thermally insulated barrier layers extending laterally inwardly from the surface of the wall. This is accomplished by placing a nozzle against the surface of the wall and blasting a pulsating air stream containing a thermal insulating liquid which penetrates through the surface of the wall to provide a first barrier layer embedded deeply in the wall and laterally spaced inwardly from its surface. A second operation provides a second but shallower barrier layer. This can be followed by a third or more applications. Each of the resulting barrier layers comprises particles of masonry material coated with thermal insulating liquid and entrapping air in the interstices formed by the coated masonry particles.