Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger for heating gas to a temperature in the range from 150 to 400° C., wherein the gas is heated by indirect heat transfer and all the surfaces of the walls of the heat exchanger which come into contact with the gas have been hot dip galvanized and the surfaces which come into contact with the gas, after the hot dip galvanization, have been heat treated at a temperature in the range from 400 to 750° C. The invention further relates to the use of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A steel workpiece includes an alloy substrate comprising iron, about 1.4 to about 2.0 weight percent aluminum, and about 0 to about 1.0 weight percent silicon. The steel workpiece further includes a coating comprising zinc. A method of spot welding a workpiece stack-up that includes a pair of the steel workpieces includes providing the stack-up, contacting first and second electrodes to the steel workpieces, passing an electrical current through the stack-up, forming a weld nugget from molten mixing of the alloy substrates of the pair of steel workpieces, forming a boundary layer between the coating and the alloy substrate from dispersion of the coating into the alloy substrate and reaction of the zinc with the aluminum and the silicon to prevent molten mixing of the coating within the alloy substrate, and ceasing passage of the electrical current.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for environmentally-friendly batch hot-dip coating of high-performance alloy are provided. The method is that workpiece is heated to the process temperature in the heating box with inner gas before galvanizing. The heating box body consist of two or three zones, which are waiting zone, heating zone and post-plating turnover zone (the post-plating turnover zone can be omitted). A zinc pot is arranged in the heating zone, and the zinc pot is configured for hot-dip coating. Workpieces can be processed with zinc or zinc-based alloys. A transporting device is configured to successively transport in a sealed state the workpiece to be processed to the waiting zone, the heating zone, the zinc pot, and the post-plating turnover zone (the post-plating turnover zone can be omitted). The new method realizes hot-dip coating with zinc and other zinc-based alloys without the use of the flux.

Abstract: A steel strip having a coating of an aluminium-zinc-silicon alloy on at least one surface of the strip is disclosed. The strip is characterised in that the aluminium-zinc-silicon alloy contains less than 1.2 wt. % silicon and also contains magnesium. A method of forming a coating of an aluminium-zinc-silicon alloy on a steel strip is also disclosed. The method includes moving steel strip upwardly through a coating pot containing a bath of an aluminium-zinc-silicon alloy and having an opening in a bottom wall of the pot and forming a coating of the alloy on the strip. The method is characterized by minimizing residence time of steel strip in contact with the aluminium-zinc-silicon alloy bath in the pot.

Abstract: A manufacturing equipment for galvannealed steel sheet includes coating tub to coat steel sheet dipped in coating bath wherein the bath including molten zinc and is stored at bath temperature T1, separating tub to separate by flotation top-dross by precipitating the top-dross in the bath wherein the bath transferred from the coating tub is stored at bath temperature T2 lower than T1, Fe of the bath is supersaturated, and Al concentration A2 of the bath is controlled to high concentration by supplying first metal, adjusting tub to adjust Al concentration A3 of the bath by supplying second metal wherein the bath transferred from the separating tub is stored at bath temperature T3 higher than T2, Fe of the bath is unsaturated, and dross is dissolved, and circulator to circulate the bath in order of the coating tub, the separating tub, and the adjusting tub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for improving surface properties of the stainless steels for bipolar plate of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell having low interfacial contact resistance and excellent corrosion resistance. The method for improving surface properties of the stainless steels according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: pickling a stainless steel with an aqueous sulfuric acid solution, the stainless steel comprising, by weight: C: 0.02% or less, N: 0.02% or less, Si: 0.4% or less, Mn: 0.2% or less, P: 0.04% or less, S: 0.02% or less, Cr: 25-32%, Mo: 0.1 to 5%, Cu: 0.1 to 2%, Ti: 0.5% or less, Nb: 0.5% or less, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable elements, and then washing the stainless steel with water, and then immersing the stainless steel in a mixture solution of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid to form a passivation layer.

Abstract: The galvannealed steel sheet includes: a galvannealed layer formed on at least one surface of a steel sheet and contains includes an amount of 0.05 mass % to 0.5 mass % of Al, an amount of 6 mass % of 12 mass % of Fe, and the balance composed of Zn and inevitable impurities; and a mixed layer formed on a surface of the galvannealed layer and includes a composite oxide of Mn, Zn, and P and an aqueous P compound, wherein the composite oxide includes 0.1 mg/m2 to 100 mg/m2 of Mn, an amount of 1 mg/m2 to 100 mg/m2 of P, and Zn, and a P/Mn ratio is 0.3 to 50, and wherein the total size of an area of the mixed layer in which an attached amount of P is equal to or more than 20 mg/m2 is 20% to 80% of a surface area of the mixed layer.

Abstract: A metallic coated steel strip includes a steel strip and a metallic coating on at least one side of the strip. The metallic coating includes an Al—Zn—Mg—Si overlay alloy layer and an intermediate alloy layer between the steel strip and the overlay alloy layer. The intermediate alloy layer has a composition of, by weight, 4.0-12.0% Zn, 6.0-17.0% Si, 20.0-40.0% Fe, 0.02-0.50% Mg, and balance Al and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: A galvanized steel sheet includes a zinc plating layer which is disposed on a steel sheet containing 0.01% to 0.15% C, 0.001% to 2.0% Si, 0.1% to 3.0% Mn, 0.001% to 1.0% Al, 0.005% to 0.060% P, and 0.01% or less S on a mass basis, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities, and which has a mass per unit area 20 g/m2 to 120 g/m2. An oxide of at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Si, Mn, Al, and P is present in a surface portion of the steel sheet that lies directly under the zinc plating layer and that extends up to 100 ?m from the surface of a base steel sheet. The amount of the oxide per unit area is 0.05 g/m2 or less in total. The steel sheet has excellent corrosion resistance, anti-powdering property during heavy machining, and strength.

Abstract: There are provided a hot-dip galvanized steel pipe in which the plating layer thereof is less liable to peel off even if the steel pipe is worked, and a method of manufacturing the hot-dip galvanized steel pipe. The hot-dip galvanized steel pipe includes a steel pipe and the plating layer formed on the surface of the steel pipe. Throughout the entire depth of plating layer, the fn defined by the following formula is at least 99.9: fn=Fe+Al+Zn where, the symbol of an element in the formula represents the content (mass %) of that element in the plating layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a Zn—Al—Mg—Cr alloy-coated steel material with excellent corrosion resistance. A molten Zn—Al—Mg—Si—Cr alloy-coated steel material which is a steel material having a Zn—Al—Mg—Cr alloy coating layer and which has an interfacial alloy layer formed of coating layer components and Fe at the coating layer-steel material interface, wherein the interfacial alloy layer has a multilayer structure consisting of an Al—Fe-based alloy layer and an Al—Fe—Si-based alloy layer and furthermore, the Al—Fe—Si-based alloy layer contains Cr.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for diffusion treatment of a coating on an engineering part resistant to marine climate, comprising: Step 1. pretreating the part; Step 2. preheating the part in a protective atmosphere furnace; Step 3. immersing the pre-heated part in a plating solution in a way that the part is rotated in the submerging process; Step 4. carrying out diffusion treatment, i.e., placing the immersion-plated part into a vacuum furnace, maintaining at 800 to 950° C. for 1 to 3 hours, and then cooling it down prior to discharge, such that atoms at an interface are diffused to form a diffusion layer on a substrate, achieving metallurgical bonding between the coating and the substrate. Treatment by the method of the present invention enables the part to have full resistance to corrosion and scouring erosion under marine climate.

Abstract: Steel strip provided with a hot dip galvanized zinc alloy coating layer, in which the coating of the steel strip is carried out in a bath of molten zinc alloy, the zinc alloy in the coating of: 0.3-2.3 weight % magnesium; 0.6-2.3 weight % aluminium; optional <0.2 weight % of one or more additional elements; unavoidable impurities; the remainder being zinc in which the zinc alloy coating layer has a thickness of 3-12 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a flux for hot dip galvanization comprising from: 36 to 80 wt. % (percent by weight) of zinc chloride (ZnCl2); 8 to 62 wt. % of ammonium chloride (NH4C); from 2.0 to 10 wt. % of a least one of the following compounds: NiCl2, MnCl2 or a mixture thereof. The invention further relates to a fluxing bath, a process for the hot dip galvanization of an iron or steel article as well as to the use of said flux.

Abstract: Steel strip provided with a hot dip galvanized zinc alloy coating layer, in which the coating of the steel strip is carried out in a bath of molten zinc alloy, the zinc alloy in the coating consisting of: 0.3-2.3 weight % magnesium; 0.6-2.3 weight % aluminum; optional <0.2 weight % of one or more additional elements; unavoidable impurities; the remainder being zinc in which the zinc alloy coating layer has a thickness of 3-12 ?m.

Abstract: A galvannealed steel sheet obtained by subjecting a base steel sheet to hot-dip galvanization and then alloying the galvanization layer, the base steel sheet being obtained by hot rolling a specified steel. A method for producing the galvannealed steel sheet.

Abstract: An embodiment is a method for forming a semiconductor assembly including cleaning a connector including copper formed on a substrate, applying cold tin to the connector, applying hot tin to the connector, and spin rinsing and drying the connector.

Abstract: A gas wiping nozzle includes a primary nozzle portion and at least one secondary nozzle portion provided either or both above and below the primary nozzle portion. The secondary nozzle portion jets a gas in a direction tilted from the direction in which the primary nozzle portion jets the gas and at a lower flow rate. The gas wiping nozzle has a tip whose lower surface forms an angle of 60° or more with the steel strip. The gas jetting port of the secondary nozzle portion is displaced in the direction opposite to the steel strip at least 5 mm apart from the gas jetting port of the primary nozzle portion, and the secondary nozzle portion jets the gas so that the flow rate of the secondary gas jet comes to 10 m/s or more at the confluence with the primary gas jet from the primary nozzle portion.

Abstract: A subsurface support comprises a soil nail having an outer member and an inner member placed within the outer member. Features are provided to maintain a uniform spaced relationship between the inner and outer members. The spaced relationship may be achieved by crimping the outer member, or by use of an insert installed between the inner and outer members. In another embodiment, the support is made of composite construction materials, and having a self-drilling capability. The outer member may be fiberglass, and a metallic drill bit may be secured to a distal end of the soil nail. The inner member is preferably steel. A method is also provided to improve pull-out capacity by galvanizing the inner and outer members.

Abstract: A method of making a galvanized upper coupler assembly for use in a trailer and the corresponding upper coupler assembly apparatus is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing a frame, covering at least one area of the frame with a mask, galvanizing the portions of the frame that are not covered, removing the mask, providing a kingpin, and attaching the kingpin to the frame. After attachment of the kingpin to the frame, the combined assembly can be coated with a rust resistant coating. if desired, a cover plate can be attached to the frame, over the kingpin.

Abstract: A flat steel product, and a method for its production, which is formed from a steel substrate, such as strip or sheet steel, and a zinc-based corrosion protection coating, applied to at least one side of the steel substrate, which contains (in wt. %) Mg: 0.25 to 2.5%, Al: 0.2 to 3.0%, Fe: ?4.0%, and optionally in total up to 0.8% of one or more elements of the group Pb, Bi, Cd, Ti, B, Si, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Mn, Sn and rare earths, remainder zinc and unavoidable impurities are described. The corrosion protection coating has an Al content of maximum 0.5 wt. % in an intermediate layer extending between a surface layer directly adjacent to the surface of the flat steel product and a border layer adjacent to the steel substrate and with a thickness amounting to at least 20% of the total thickness of the corrosion protection coating.

Abstract: The invention deals with a process for manufacturing a hot-dip galvanized or galvannealed steel sheet having a TRIP microstructure, said process comprising the steps consisting in: -providing a steel sheet whose composition comprises, by weight: 0.01?C?0.22%, 0.50?Mn?2.0%, 0.2?Si?2.0%, 0.005?Al?2.0%, Mo<1.0%, Cr?1.0%, P<0.02%, Ti?0.20%, V?0.40%, Ni?1.0%, Nb?0.20%, the balance of the composition being iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the smelting, -oxidizing said steel sheet in a direct flame furnace where the atmosphere comprises air and fuel with an air-to-fuel ratio between 0.80 and 0.95, so that a layer of iron oxide having a thickness from 0.05 to 0.2 ?m is formed on the surface of the steel sheet, and an internal oxide of Si and/or Mn and/or Al is formed, -reducing said oxidized steel sheet, at a reduction rate from 0.001 to 0.

Abstract: A manufacturing equipment for galvannealed steel sheet includes coating tub to coat steel sheet dipped in coating bath wherein the bath including molten zinc and Al is stored at bath temperature T1, separating tub to separate by flotation top-dross by precipitating the top-dross in the bath wherein the bath transferred from the coating tub is stored at bath temperature T2 lower than T1, Fe of the bath is supersaturated, and Al concentration A2 of the bath is controlled to high concentration by supplying first metal, adjusting tub to adjust Al concentration A3 of the bath by supplying second metal wherein the bath transferred from the separating tub is stored at bath temperature T3 higher than T2, Fe of the bath is unsaturated, and dross is dissolved, and circulator to circulate the bath in order of the coating tub, the separating tub, and the adjusting tub.

Abstract: A manufacturing equipment for galvanized steel sheet includes coating tub to coat steel sheet dipped in coating bath wherein the bath including molten zinc and Al is stored at bath temperature T1, separating tub to separate by a flotation top-dross by precipitating the top-dross in the bath wherein the bath transferred from the coating tub is stored at bath temperature T2 lower than T1, adjusting tub to dissolve dross wherein the bath transferred from the separating tub is stored at bath temperature T3 higher than T2 and Fe of the bath is unsaturated, and circulator to circulate the bath in order of the coating tub, the separating tub, and the adjusting tub.

Abstract: A hot dip method of forming an Al—Zn—Si—Mg alloy coating on a strip is disclosed. The method includes controlling the conditions in the molten bath to minimise the top dross layer in the molten bath. In particular, the method includes controlling top dross formation by including Ca and/or Sr in the coating alloy in the bath.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for hot-dip coating a metal strand (1), especially a steel strip, in which the metal strand (1) is vertically guided through a container (3) accommodating the molten coating metal (2) and through a guide channel (4) disposed upstream thereof. The inventive device comprises at least two inductors (5) disposed at both sides of the metal strand (1) in the area of the guide channel (4) that are used to generate an electromagnetic field for retaining the coating metal (2) in the container (3), and at least one sensor (6, 6?) for detecting the position (s) of the metal strand (1) in the area of the guide channel (4).

Abstract: Provided is a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having excellent plating qualities, plating adhesion and spot weldability, in which an alloy phase is formed at the interface between a base steel sheet and a galvanized layer, and a manufacturing method thereof.

Abstract: A device for stabilizing an elongated steel sheet when continuously transporting the steel sheet in a transport direction along a predetermined transport path. The device includes at least a first pair, a second pair and a third pair of electromagnets with at least one electromagnet on each side of the steel sheet. The electromagnets are adapted to stabilize the steel sheet with respect to the predetermined transport path. The first and second electromagnets are elongated in a direction essentially perpendicular to the transport direction. The first and second electromagnets are substantially arranged on each side of a longitudinal center line for the steel sheet. The center line is essentially parallel to the transport direction. The third electromagnet is arranged adjacent to the center line.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high-strength hot dip galvannealed steel sheet having high powdering resistance produced by employing such a constitution that a Fe—Zn alloy plated layer is provided on at least one side of a basis steel sheet and a region in which Al (atomic %)/Zn (atomic %)?0.10 is present in a thickness of 300 ? or more from the surface of the plated layer along the depth direction of the plated layer. Also disclosed is a hot dip galvannealed steel sheet whose formability is greatly improved by optionally specifying chemical composition and structure of the basis steel sheet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a hardened steel part having a cathodic corrosion protection, whereby a) a coating is applied to a sheet made of a hardenable steel alloy in a continuous coating process; b) the coating is essentially comprised of zinc; c) the coating additionally contains one or more oxygen-affine elements in a total amount of 0.1% by weight to 15% by weight with regard to the entire coating; d) the coated steel sheet is then, at least in partial areas and with the admission of atmospheric oxygen, brought to a temperature necessary for hardening and is heated until it undergoes a microstructural change necessary for hardening, whereby; e) a superficial skin is formed on the coating from an oxide of the oxygen-affine element(s), and; f) the sheet is shaped before or after heating, and; g) the sheet is cooled after sufficient heating, whereby the cooling rate is calculated in order to achieve a hardening of the sheet alloy.

Abstract: Disclosed is a galvannealed steel sheet having an excellent surface appearance, wherein plating failure and non-uniform alloying are suppressed. Also disclosed is a method for producing such a galvannealed steel sheet. The galvannealed steel sheet is obtained by hot-dip galvanizing a base steel, and then alloying the plating layer. The base steel is obtained by hot rolling a steel which contains 0.02-0.25 mass % of C, 0.5-3 mass % of Si, 1-4 mass % of Mn, 0.03-1 mass % of Cr, not more than 1.5 mass % of Al (excluding 0 mass %), not more than 0.03 mass % of P (excluding 0 mass %), not more than 0.03 mass % of S (excluding 0 mass %) and 0.003-1 mass % Ti, and additionally contains 0.25-5.0 mass % of Cu and 0.05-1.0 mass % of Ni, while satisfying formula (1), with the balance being made up of iron and unavoidable impurities. [Cu]/[Ni]?5 In formula (1), [ ] represents the content (mass %) of each element.

Abstract: An Al—Zn—Si—Mg alloy coated strip that has Mg2Si particles in the coating microstructure is disclosed. The distribution of Mg2Si particles is such that the surface of the coating has only a small proportion of Mg2Si particles or is at least substantially free of any Mg2Si particles.

Abstract: Coating steel strips comprising, in % by weight, C: ?1.6%, Mn: 6-30%, Al: ?10%, Ni: ?10%, Cr: ?10%, Si: ?8%, Cu: ?3%, Nb: ?0.6%, Ti: ?0.3%, V: ?0.3%, P: ?0.1%, B: ?0.01%, the rest being iron and unavoidable impurities, and a method of forming steel strips are described. Up to now, such steel strips were not adequately coatable, with a metal coating ensuring outstanding corrosion-resistance and good welding properties. This is ensured by applying an aluminium layer to the steel strip before final annealing and applying the metal coating to said aluminium layer after final annealing.

Abstract: An Al—Zn—Si—Mg alloy coated strip that has Mg2Si particles in the coating microstructure is disclosed. The distribution of Mg2 Si particles is such that a surface region of the coating has only a small proportion of Mg2Si particles or is at least substantially free of any Mg2Si particles.

Abstract: A method produces a hardened galvanization of a continuously-running rolled steel strip. The strip is immersed in a coating tank containing a bath of a liquid metal mixture, e.g. zinc and aluminum, to be deposited on the strip, and permanently circulated between the coating tank and a preparation device. The temperature of the liquid mixture is deliberately lowered in order to reduce the iron solubility threshold and sufficiently high for initiating, in the preparation device, the fusion of at least one Zn—Al ingot in an amount necessary for compensating for the liquid mixture used for deposition on the strip. The device is implemented so that the circuit for circulating the liquid mixture is thermally optimized.

Abstract: Hot dip galvanized steel sheet excellent in shapeability and plateability comprised of high strength steel sheet according to the present invention can be provided containing, by mass % about, C: 0.05 to 0.25%, Si: 0.3 to 2.5%, Mn: 1.5 to 2.8%, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.02% or less, Al: 0.005 to 0.5%, N: 0.0060% or less and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The exemplary steel sheet can have thereon a galvanized layer containing, e.g., about Al: 0.05 to 10 mass % and Fe: 0.05 to 3 mass % and the balance of Zn and unavoidable impurities. Such exemplary hot dip galvanized steel sheet can have oxides containing Si in an average content of about 0.6 to 10 mass % at the crystal grain boundaries and in the crystal grains at the sheet steel side 5 ?m or less from the interface between the high strength steel sheet and the plating layer and by the presence of Fe—Zn alloy with an average grain size of about 0.5 to 3 ?m at the plating side.

Abstract: A continuous galvanizing line uses a coating pot containing a molten zinc bath having bottom dross and further comprises a pump. The pump agitates the bottom dross so the bottom dross interacts with aluminum and converts to top dross, which can be removed without needing to stop the galvanizing line. A reaction vessel may also be used to provide a higher concentration of aluminum to react with the bottom dross.

Abstract: In a lead-free hot-dip galvanizing method and its processed product, a pure zinc tablet with a 99.995% purity is used and a conventional zinc solution containing lead is changed to a novel hot-dip galvanizing zinc solution for the hot dip galvanizing process. The hot-dip galvanizing zinc solution has a composition of 98% to 99% of zinc, 0.2% to 1.0% of aluminum and less than 1% of a trace element by weight, so that this hot dip galvanizing process with a lead and cadmium free galvanizing condition is achieved.

Abstract: The present invention provides an alloyed molten zinc plated steel sheet having an area of the Fe and Zn alloy phase in the unformed parts in the plating layer of less than 10% of the area of the steel sheet as a whole and superior in strength and shapeability and a method of producing this alloyed molten zinc plating steel sheet by a continuous zinc plating production system which enables production at a low cost without modification of the system or addition of steps, said alloyed molten zinc plated steel sheet characterized by comprising a steel sheet including C: 0.05 to 0.40%, Si: 0.2 to 3.0%, and Mn: 0.1 to 2.5%, the balance comprised of Fe and unavoidable impurities, having on its surface a Zn alloy plating layer comprised of Fe in a concentration of 7 to 15 wt %, Al in a concentration of 0.

Abstract: Steel sheet having a composition of ingredients containing substantially, by mass %, C: 0.005 to 0.200%, Si: 2.50% or less, Mn: 0.10 to 3.00%, N: 0.0100% or less, Nb: 0.005 to 0.100%, and Ti: 0.002 to 0.150% and satisfying the relationship of Ti-48/14×N?0.0005, having a sum of the X-ray random intensity ratios of the {100}<001> orientation and the {110}<001> orientation of a ? sheet thickness part of 5 or less, having a sum of the maximum value of the X-ray random intensity ratios of the {110}<111> to {110}<112> orientation group and the X-ray random intensity ratios of the {211}<111> orientation of 5 or more, and having a high rolling direction Young's modulus measured by the static tension method and a method of production of the same are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for hot-dip coating a metal strand (1), especially a steel strip, according to which the metal strand (1) is vertically guided through a container (3) accommodating the molten coating metal (2) and through a guide channel (4) disposed upstream thereof. An electromagnetic field is generated in the area of the guide channel (4) by means of at least two inductors (5) disposed at both sides of the metal strand (1) to retain the coating material (2) in the container (3). In order to stabilize the metal strand (1) in a center position in the guide channel (4), an electromagnetic field, superimposing the electromagnetic field of the inductors (5), is generated by means of at least two additional coils (6) disposed at both sides of the metal strand (1).

Abstract: A steel strip having a coating of an aluminium-zinc-silicon alloy on at least one surface of the strip is disclosed. The strip is characterised in that the aluminium-zinc-silicon alloy contains less than 1.2 wt. % silicon and also contains magnesium. A method of forming a coating of an aluminium-zinc-silicon alloy on a steel strip is also disclosed. The method includes moving steel strip upwardly through a coating pot containing a bath of an aluminium-zinc-silicon alloy and having an opening in a bottom wall of the pot and forming a coating of the alloy on the strip. The method is characterized by minimizing residence time of steel strip in contact with the aluminium-zinc-silicon alloy bath in the pot.

Abstract: 2.1 The present invention pertains to a hot-dip coating device 100 for coating a metal strip with a molten metal 200. The metal strip is deflected in the molten metal 200 with the aid of a roll 120. The roll is rotatably supported in a support arm 105 by means of a bearing 144. The bearing is installed in a bearing chamber 142. In order to seal the bearing chamber 142 against an undesirable admission of the molten metal 200, a lock is arranged between the bearing chamber 142 and a roll passage 136 toward the molten metal 200 and acted upon with a gaseous medium under a gas pressure in order to seal the lock chamber 132 relative to the molten metal 200. 2.2 In order to lower the maintenance expenditures for the lock, the invention proposes to realize the lock chamber 132 in the form of a diving bell with a channel-shaped outlet 134 that is open relative to the surrounding molten metal 200.

Abstract: Methods and compositions that serve to both darken a zinc or other active! metal surface and impart corrosion-resistant properties thereto, are disclosed. The compositions include an aqueous solution containing about 0.1 percent to about 5 percent ammonium chloride and about 0.1 percent to about 5 percent ammonium molybdate. The compositions utilize particular ratios of concentrations of ammonium chloride and ammonium molybdate.

Abstract: Steel strip provided with a hot dip galvanized zinc alloy coating layer, in which the coating of the steel strip is carried out in a bath of molten zinc alloy, the zinc alloy in the coating consisting of: 0.3-2.3 weight % magnesium; 0.6-2.3 weight % aluminium; optional <0.2 weight % of one or more additional elements; unavoidable impurities; the remainder being zinc in which the zinc alloy coating layer has a thickness of 3-12 ?m.

Abstract: A conductor is at least partially exposed on the surface of a body. A wiring is formed for connection to the conductor. The conductor is made of a Zn—Al alloy. Heat is then applied to the conductor and the wiring. A chemical reaction is accelerated between the conductor and the wiring based on the heat treatment. This allows oxygen to get released out of the conductor and the wiring. Deoxidation is thus realized on the joint surfaces of the conductor and the wiring. Electric resistance is decreased. Electric conduction can thus be established between the conductor and the wiring.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a method for the hot-dip coating, in a liquid bath based on zinc containing aluminum, of a running strip of iron-carbon-manganese austenitic steel, in which said strip is subjected to a heat treatment in a furnace in which an atmosphere that is reducing with respect to iron prevails, in order to obtain a strip covered with a thin manganese oxide layer, and then the strip covered with the thin manganese oxide layer is made to run through said bath, the aluminum content in the bath being adjusted to a value at least equal to the content needed for the aluminum to completely reduce the manganese oxide layer, so as to form, on the surface of the strip, a coating comprising an iron-manganese-zinc alloy layer and a zinc surface layer.

Abstract: A porous metal foam body obtainable by applying one or more layers of molten metal to an open-pore non-metallic substrate and allowing the molten metal to penetrate into the open pores of said non-metallic substrate to form a metal foam body whose metal component has at least partially penetrated into said open-pore non-metallic substrate. Said open-pore metal foam body is prepared by a process in which an open-pore non-metallic substrate is provided and coated with a molten metal, and the molten metal penetrates into the open pores of the open-pore non-metallic substrate. The metal foam bodies can be employed in many fields of technology.

Abstract: A high-manganese hot-dip coated steel sheet is disclosed which provides high corrosion resistance, high ductility and high strength, mainly used for inner and outer panels of automobiles, and a method of manufacturing the same. The high-manganese hot-dip coated steel sheet includes a substrate steel sheet having a composition of (in weight %) 0.1 to 1.5% of C, 5 to 35% of Mn, and the remainder includes Fe and other unavoidable impurities, and a hot-dip zinc coating layer formed on the substrate steel sheet, the hot-dip zinc coating layer having a composition of (in weight %) 0.1 to 10% of Mn, 5 to 15% of Fe, and the remainder including Zn and other unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: A heat treatment or heat soak furnace for use in both galvannealing and galvanizing processes including a heating apparatus configured to supply heat and remove heat. The heating apparatus may draw hot air from the exhaust of a direct fire strip annealing furnace, gas burners or electric heat exchangers as necessary. The furnace also may include a plurality of cooling mechanisms in order to ensure heat is removed and the temperature within the furnace regulated. In addition, the furnace may include baffles configured to allow portions of the interior of the furnace to be separated into different temperature zones.