Abstract: A zinc or zinc-alloy plated steel sheet having an improved weldability and plating properties, as well as a method for making the same is provided. Even when the substrate steel sheet is the one which is difficult to deposit a zinc or zinc-alloy layer by conventional methods, such as an extra low carbon steel sheet, the present invention enables a reliable production of a galvanized steel sheet suffering from no plating failure of insufficient adhesion as well as a reliable production of a galvanized steel sheet suffering from no plating failure or streaking of the alloyed layer. The zinc or zinc-alloy plated steel sheet having improved weldability comprises an extra low carbon steel sheet, an iron-carbon plated layer or a carbon-rich layer generated by diffusion of the iron-carbon plated layer on at least one major surface of the extra low carbon steel sheet, and a zinc or zinc-alloy plated layer on the iron-carbon plated layer or the carbon-rich layer.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a process for manufacturing galvannealed steel sheets having high anti-powdering property as required when they are press formed, and stabilized frictional properties in a coil. Steel sheets are plated in a bath having a low aluminum content, while they have, when entering the bath, a low temperature as defined in relation to the aluminum content of the bath, so that an alloying reaction may be prevented. Then, the sheets are heated for alloying in a high-frequency induction heating furnace so that the sheets leaving the furnace may have a temperature of from over 495.degree. C. to 520.degree. C. to yield galvannealed consisting mainly of a .delta..sub.1 phase. An iron or iron-alloy top coating having an appropriate iron content can be applied onto the plated steel surface to improve its paintability.

Abstract: Upon forming a plating coat on steel works, the works are held in a fluorine- or fluoride-containing gas atmosphere in a heated condition to thereby remove oxidized scales such as SiOx, MnOx and the like on the surface layer of the work and to form a fluoride layer to prevent forming new oxidized scale. The fluoride layer is easily eliminated by an action of added flux to a plating bath or by heating the fluorinated steel works in an atmosphere containing hydrogen prior to dipping in the plating bath to activate the steel surface. The activated steel surface is improved in compatibility with the plating bath and the like to realize a good quality plating coat formation.

Abstract: The method for providing a temporary protection against corrosion of a cleaned metal product, in particular a metal sheet, comprises the following steps:applying on at least a part of the metal product an emulsion obtained by dispersion in water of 3 to 13% by volume of an oily phase comprising 75 to 90% by volume of at least one mineral oil, 5 to 10% by volume of at least one surface-active agent, and 5 to 15% by volume of at least one corrosion inhibitor,drying the coated metal product until a dry film is obtained.

Abstract: A method for controlling coating weight on a hot-dipped steel strip comprises the steps of positioning at least one pair of high-frequency (alternating) current conducting paths near one side of a steel strip and near another side of the steel strip drawn out of a coating bath, each of the high-frequency (alternating) current conducting paths being parallel with a surface of the steel strip above the coating bath, and flowing a-high-frequency (alternating) current strong enough to magnetically saturate the steel strip through the at least one pair of high-frequency (alternating) current conducting paths to induce a high-frequency (alternating) current of an opposite phase in the steel strip, a magnetic pressure acting on surfaces of the steel strip being generated by an interaction of the induced high-frequency (alternating) current with a high-frequency (alternating) current of the high-frequency (alternating) current conducting paths.

Abstract: The invention relates to a closed-loop regulating method for a metallurgical treatment carried out on a moving product (1), in which treatment the check measurement is obtained with a significant and variable delay in relation to the regulated treatment, in which method a digital regulator (14) having dynamic adjustment (RST sampled transfer-function) is used, characterized in that the sampling rate is continuously varied such that the abovementioned delay always remains equal to a predetermined integral number of sampling periods.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuous galvanizing of a linear element wherein controlled flow of molten zinc onto the linear element is effected through one or more nozzles, whereby galvanizing may be accomplished without immersion of the linear element in molten zinc. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus of the invention comprises an annular nozzle having a central opening through which the linear element is axially advanced. The nozzle is configured to provide a converging, generally frustoconical curtain of molten zinc flowing continuously onto the exterior surface of the linear element.

Abstract: A method for producing a brown coated article, wherein an iron substrate is dipped at a temperature of from 430.degree. to 600.degree. C. in a molten Zn plating bath containing from 0.05 to 1% by weight of Mn, so as to zinc hot-dip galvanize the same, a heat treatment is carried out to convert the Zn-Mn phase formed by the zinc hot-dip galvanizing to a Zn-Mn-Fe phase, and subsequently the zinc hot-dip galvanizing layer is brought into contact with an acidic aqueous solution containing an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A Zn-Ni alloy having a high Ni content is used for supplying Ni.sup.2+ and Zn.sup.2+ ions into an acidic plating bath and for supplying Ni and Zn into a hot dip galvanizing bath. This alloy is characterized by being produced by using a flux consisting of a fused-salt former, which forms a salt having a melting temperature of 700.degree. C. or less, and Na.sub.2 B.sub.4 O.sub.7 and occasionaly additionally Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3. By using the inventive alloy, the bath can be quickly prepared, and Zn and Ni can be supplied to the bath without leaving the undissolved residue.

Abstract: Immersion tin-lead baths are provided, preferably free of hypophosphite ion, comprising a strongly acidic aqueous solution comprised of thiourea, water-soluble sources of divalent tin and lead, a weak acid, and a weak base.

Abstract: A process for tinning plated wire involves first the placing of the wire in a suitable chemical flux for a period of time, the wire is then immersed for a period of time into a static solder pot having molten solder therein, the wire is then re-immersed into the chemical flux for a period of time, and finally the wire is immersed for a period of time into an ultrasonic solder pot having molten solder therein, the wire when removed from the ultrasonic pot being sufficiently tinned such that the solder has formed a suitable intermolecular bond to the plating in accordance with typical bonding criteria.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an iron-zinc alloy plated steel sheet having two plating layers and excellent in electropaintability and press-formability, which comprises the steps of: applying an alloying treatment under a temperature of from 420.degree. to 520.degree. C. to a zinc dip-plated steel sheet to form on the surface of the steel sheet an alloying-treated iron-zinc alloy dip-plating layer having on the surface thereof fine irregularities comprising numerous fine concavities and numerous fine convexities; then applying a temper rolling treatment at a reduction rate of from 0.3 to 1.

Abstract: A method for producing ultra-high strength galvanized steel strip from a martensitic, plain carbon, steel strip which is pre-treated by induction heating rapidly or by fluxing, then hot dip galvanized and tempered, and then cooled to stop further tempering. The resulting galvanized steel strip has a microstructure comprising tempered martensite, a tensile strength substantially greater than 120,000 psi (827 MPa) and a coating weight substantially greater than 30 g/m.sup.2 /side.

Abstract: A method of tinning tinnable areas of an electronic component package, the method comprising a first step during which additional metal is applied in the liquid state to said tinnable areas, and a following step during which at least one cycle of oscillations about an equilibrium position is applied to the package while said metal thus applied is still in the liquid state, for the purpose of setting up successive and opposite displacements of masses of said metal along said areas in order to obtain a uniform distribution of said metal over said areas.

Abstract: A flexible circuit 10 panel is coated with solder by lowering into a bath of molten solder 4. On removal from the bath excess solder is blown from the panel by air jets from one or more nozzles 22. The panel is pulled towards the nozzle by a region 60 of negative pressure associated with the nozzles, and is held close to the nozzles to obtain an even coating of solder.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for tinning and soldering metal parts of electronic components and assemblies, and removing excess solder therefrom. The metal parts of the electronic components and assemblies are heated to a temperature near that of molten solder. A holding fixture, adapted to hold the heated components, slidably connects to an acceleration means which dips the metal parts of the components into the molten solder. Then acceleration energy is applied to the acceleration means, causing it to rapidly remove the components from the molten solder. Rapidly removing the components from the molten solder leaves excess solder behind, whereby all metal parts of the components are thoroughly tinned and soldered together without leaving unwanted solder bridges therebetween. A vibration means may also be used to prevent solder voids and promote solder wetting in densely packed leads and rails being tinned.

Abstract: An efficient spray displacement tin plating process of copper printed circuit innerlayers is disclosed for the manufacture of multilayer printed circuit boards. The displacement tin plating solution is stabilized and replenished by incorporating free tin metal in the plating solution reservoir. Unwanted tin(IV) ions which are produced by aerial oxidation during the spray process, are reacted with tin metal in the reservoir to produce sufficient tin(II) ions to compensate for losses due to plating, oxidation and the like. Not only is the plating bath stabilized, but its useful life is extended dramatically.

Abstract: A process for continuous dip coating of a steel strip by passing it through a zinc bath containing aluminum and silicon wherein the aluminum content is approximately 55% by weight, the silicon content is 1% to 2% by weight, and the bath further includes strontium in a quantity in the range of 0.0001% to 0.2% by weight and at least one other element selected from among vanadium in a quantity in the range of 0.02% to 0.2% by weight and chromium in the range of 0.005% to 0.2% by weight. The addition of strontium and chromium and/or vanadium stabilizes the structure of the coating and reduces the formation of acicular precipitates of silicon. The coating has an improved adherence and ductility which permits it to be formed without cracking, while retaining an excellent resistance to corrosion. The resulting crystallization pattern of the coating is also finer and more regular and is independent of the substrate.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing a galvanized steel sheet, comprising steps of coating a steel sheet with nickel in an amount of from 0.2 to 2 g/m.sup.2, heating the steel sheet thus coated to a temperature within the range of from 420.degree. C. to 500.degree. C. in a non-oxidative atmosphere, and dipping the nickel coated steel sheet into a molten zinc bath containing aluminum at a content of from 0.1 to 1% without contract with air, wherein the steel sheet is dipped into the molten zinc bath within 15 seconds after the temperature of the steel sheet extends 350.degree. C. in the heating step.

Abstract: A method for making a thick film/solder joint comprising the sequential steps of:(1) applying a layer of first thick film conductor paste to an electrically non-conductive substrate in a pattern which has preselected solder pad areas and firing the layer;(2) applying over the first thick film layer only within the solder pad area a layer of a second thick film conductor paste having a low frit content and firing the layer; and(3) forming the solder joint by applying to the fired second thick film layer a layer of soft solder.

Abstract: This invention relates to Al plates suitable for automobile body panels and also relates to a method of pretreatment for painting. The features are: A Zn plating layer having 0.05.about.0.38 g/m.sup.2 of coating weight is formed on the surface of an Al plate or Al alloy plate by a displacement plating process or electroplating process. The coated Al or Al alloy plate is subjected to chemical conversion treatment with zinc phosphate under conditions to completely dissolve the zinc plating layer. This invention prevents the occurrence of filiform rusting and blistering after painting.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for improving the metal coating on metal parts immersed in a molten metal coating bath of a different composition. The apparatus comprises (a) a vacuum pump, (b) a buffer tank, (c) centrifuge having a drum, a cover for sealing the drum, a platform within the drum to receive the parts and means to spin the platform, and (d) valved lines connecting with the drum cover and connecting, respectively, with the buffer tank a source of gas at atmospheric pressure and a source of gas at greater than atmospheric pressure. The tank has a volume of at least 10 times the volume of the drum.

Abstract: This invention permits, in a colored galvanized coating using Ti-Zn, Mn-Zn, Ti-Mn-Zn, (Ti, Mn)-(Cu, Ni, Cr)-Zn, etc., to clearly and stably develop yellow, purple, green, blue or other color by controlling the composition of a galvanizing bath and oxidizing conditions. Further, a gold, dark red, olive gray and iridescence color which have not yet obtained can be developed. The color development effected by this invention is clearer than conventional. Instead of galvanizing, the spraying process may be adopted. The surface painting on the colored zinc coating is effective.

Abstract: Galvanic protection of steel is provided by teaching of a technique for determining alloys of compositions useful for the cathodic protection. The technique includes determining the critical cathodic protection potential for steel and the galvanic current and corrosion potential for candidate metal alloy compositions followed by coupling to the steel of one such alloy composition whose determined corrosion potential is lower than the critical corrosion potential for the steel in the corrosive environment in which protection is sought.

Abstract: Methods of improving the thickness and characteristics of galvanizing processes are disclosed. Several methods are disclosed which promote growth of the .zeta. layer in a double dipping galvanizing process. In one process a metal article is dipped in a molten-zinc bath at 430.degree.-480.degree. C. The article is then air-cooled or semi-air-cooled before it is dipped in a molten zinc bath containing no less than 0.1% aluminum at 390.degree.-460.degree. C. In another method, after molten-zinc-plating a metal article at 480.degree.-500.degree. C., the article is plated in a molten zinc bath containing no less than 0.1% of aluminum at 390.degree.-460.degree. C. In a third method, the surface of a metal article is blasted to form a surface having a roughness of at least 20 .mu.m before plating the article in a molten-zinc bath at 430.degree.-480.degree. C. The article is then plated in a molten zinc bath containing no less than 0.1% of aluminum at 390.degree.-450.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention permits, in a colored galvanized coating using Ti-Zn, Mn-Zn, Ti-Mn-Zn, (Ti, Mn)-(Cu, Ni, Cr)-Zn, etc., to clearly and stably develop yellow, purple, green, blue or other color by controlling the composition of a galvanizing bath and oxidizing conditions. Further, gold, dark red, olive gray and iridecence color which have not yet obtained can be developed. The color development effected by this invention is clearer than conventional. Instead of galvanizing, the spraying process may be adopted. The surface painting on the colored zinc coating is effective.

Abstract: In the operation of a hot metallizing furnace for lengths of metal, in particular metal strip, in which the length of metal to be coated is passed from above through the upper zone of a smelt of a coating material located in a smelt container, the smelt container can be heated by means of an induction coil made up of partial coils arranged axially on top of one another. During hot metallizing the upper partial coil(s) is/are connected to a medium frequency source of electricity in a single-phase manner. For the removal of the deposits which accumulate in the lower area of the smelt vessel, the lower partial coil(s) is/are connected to a three-phase current mains frequency source of electricity. The agitated deposits are then removed from the smelt using a collecting vessel.

Abstract: An arrangement for solder-coating respective end portions of elongated components in a molten solder bath includes a fixture to be loaded with the components. This fixture includes at least one supporting wall that is capable of maintaining the fixture afloat in a predetermined position on an upper surface of the molten solder bath even when the fixture is fully loaded. The supporting wall has at least one opening through which one of the end portions of a respective component passes into the molten solder bath to a depth necessary for the molten solder to coat the respective end portion to the desired extent when the fixture floats in its predetermined position on the molten solder bath.

Abstract: An electronic component chip holder employed for coating metallized surfaces on both longitudinal ends of a plurality of electronic component chips with a metal such as solder, while holding the same. The holder comprises a plurality of holding portions for holding the electronic component chips one by one. Each of the holding portions is defined by a through hole, and each of the electronic component chips is inserted in the holding so as to be longitudinally aligned with the axis of the through hole. An elastic member is formed on an inner peripheral surface defining each holding portion, to elastically hold a longitudinal intermediate portion of each electronic component chip. A plurality of electronic component chips thus held by the holder are collectively dipped in a molten bath of a metal such as solder, so that coating films of such a metal are formed on the metallized surfaces.

Abstract: A method for estimating the press formability of galvannealed steel sheets provided, wherein: the values found by: ##EQU1## wherein I(.gamma.)=the total X-ray diffraction intensity of the .gamma. phase,I(.GAMMA.)=the total X-ray diffraction intensity of the .GAMMA. phase,I.sub.B (.gamma.)=the background X-ray diffraction intensity of the .gamma. phase,I(.gamma.)-I.sub.B (.gamma.)=the true X-ray diffraction intensity of the .gamma. phase,I(.GAMMA.)-I.sub.B (.GAMMA.)=the true X-ray diffraction intensity of the .GAMMA. phase,.GAMMA.=the .GAMMA. phase of an Fe-Zn intermetallic compound in coating of galvannealed steel sheet, and.gamma.=the .gamma. phase of the intermetallic compound, are used as an index to determine the press formability.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for manufacturing a vessel for storing radioactive waste, and to a method for manufacturing a vessel which withstands the heat generated by the radioactive waste without deforming and a method for manufacturing the vessel. A method for manufacturing a stainless steel vessel for radioactive waste according to the present invention comprises eliminating impurities on the surface of the stainless steel, stirring copper plating solution while filling the vessel therewith in order to keep the solution at a constant temperature, thereby precipitating the copper and plating the surface of the stainless steel vessel, and then filling the vessel with lead.

Abstract: A method for improving the bonding characteristics of TAB semiconductor packages to circuit boards is achieved by plating additional amounts of tin on the TAB semiconductor package leads after final package assembly is complete. Residues from the plating step are removed from the package assembly to prevent contamination. Stresses that were developed in the plated material during the plating step are removed by heating the leads.

Abstract: In processes in which protective metal coating materials are applied to iron-based substrates in the form of liquid films which are then solidified by cooling, the metal coating can be contacted with a roll such as a tower roll, conveyor roll or guide roll, while the coating material is capable of transfer, by the use of a roll having an exterior ceramic barrier or surface having a thickness of at least about 20 microns whereby the surface of the coated substrate is not unduly adversely affected.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process of protecting galvanized metal from white rust corrosion which comprises treating the galvanized metal, i.e., zinc-containing coating, at a temperature above about 125.degree. C. with at least one silica compound.

Abstract: Steel is prepared for hot-dip coating in molten zinc, by forming lead chloride on it in a greater mass (at least 12 g/m.sup.2) than possible by evaporation from saturated aqueous solution. One way of so forming the lead chloride is to cathodize the steel (24000 coulomb/m.sup.2) in 1:1 HCl saturated with lead chloride, and air-dry the steel. The steel thus prepared is dipped for 2 minutes in molten zinc or, for greater corrosion resistance, in molten scrap zinc.

Abstract: A galvannealed steel sheet having distinguished anti-powdering property and anti-flaking property is disclosed. The steel sheet comprises a matrix steel sheet and a galvannealed coating layer having a coating weight of 45 to 90 g/m.sup.2, composed of 8.about.12 wt. % Fe and 0.05.about.0.35 wt. %, preferably 0.05.about.0.30 wt. % Al, the balance being Zn, provided on at least one side of the matrix steel sheet, the galvannealed coating layer having a .GAMMA. phase with a thickness of not more than 1.3 .mu.m, preferably not more than 1.0 .mu.m in the region at the boundary to the matrix steel sheet, and the surface region of galvannealed coating layer has a structure either (1) .eta. and .zeta. phases do not exist in the surface region of the galvannealed coating layer, or, (2) when at least one of .eta. and .zeta. phases exist therein, the total amount of the at least one of .eta. and .zeta. phases in the galvannealed coating layer is not more than 1.5 g/m.sup.2.

Abstract: An improved method of manufacturing galvanized steel tubing from steel strip having at least one galvanized surface, which surface becomes the exterior surface of the tubing is provided. In the method of the invention, after the steel strip is roll-formed and welded to complete the tubing and the welded seam is scarfed to remove irregularities, a quantity of an acid solution is applied to substantially only the scarfed area to react with oxidized metal, and then rinsed, leaving the non-scarfed galvanized exterior surface intact. The tubing is then heated to a temperature sufficient to cause the galvanized coating of the exterior surface to begin to flow and the tubing is regalvanized to produce an improved galvanized exterior surface, which is resistant to cracking along the scarfed area.

Abstract: This invention permits, in a colored galvanized coating using Ti--Zn, Mn--Zn, Ti--Mn--Zn, (Ti, Mn)--(Cu, Ni, Cr)--Zn, etc., to clearly and stably develop yellow, purple, green, blue or other color by controlling the composition of a galvanizing bath and oxidizing conditions. Further, gold, dark red, olive gray and iridescence color which have not yet obtained can be developed. The color development effected by this invention is clearer than conventional. Instead of galvanizing, the spraying process may be adopted. The surface painting on the colored zinc coating is effective.

Abstract: A method of making a steel band for a double-band press or the like starts with a rolled strip having a tensile strength less than 1250 N/mm.sup.2 of a precipitation-hardenable steel which is subjected to galvanic coating with hard chromium along at least one surface. The band is then subjected to a precipitation hardening heat treatment and as a result of that heat treatment has a tensile strength in excess of 1400 N/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: The surface quality and luster of galvanized wire produced by the gas jet wiping method and cooled by jets of a cooling fluid may be improved by exposing the wire to a reactive gas atmosphere containing sulphide or chloride radicals after the wire has passed through the gas jet wiping nozzle and before it is contacted by the cooling fluid. The wire is exposed to the reactive gas atmosphere for a sufficient length of time to form a protective surface coating of metal sulphide or chloride.

Abstract: A frictionless strip support for supporting a metallic strip conveyed along a feed path in a treatment process. The support including at least one hydrostatic chute including a plurality of confined hydrostatic chambers having apertures therein for a supply of a pressurized treatment liquid such as molten metal, and at least one pair of hydrostatic guides positioned downstream of the hydrostatic chute. Each hydrostatic guide has a confined hydrostatic chamber with apertures therein for supply of a pressurized treatment liquid such as liquid metal. The frictionless support also includes a pump for supplying the pressurized treatment liquid through the apertures and to the confined chambers such that the treatment fluid maintains the strip spaced from the hydrostatic chute and the hydrostatic guides by hydrostatic force of the pressurized liquid normal to the strip surface as the strip is conveyed across the hydrostatic chute and the hydrostatic guides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling the thickness of an intermetallic layer on a continuous steel product in a continuous hot-dip galvanizing line. The steel product is rapidly cooled by quenching in a zinc bath and the structure of the coating to be formed on the steel product is controlled by directing a flow of molten zinc, cooled to a temperature 1.degree. to 15.degree. C. below the operating temperature of the zinc bath, towards the steel strip. At least a part of said flow is preferably directed towards the steel product close to its immersion point into the zinc bath, obliquely against the movement direction of the steel product.

Abstract: An electrode for electrolysis is disclosed, comprising an electrode substrate made of a conductive metal having provided thereon an intermediate layer and a coating of an electrode active substance, in which an intermediate layer is formed by tin-plating and is composed of a tin and/or tin oxide. The electrode exhibits high resistance to passivation and excellent durability, and is particularly suitable for use in electrolysis accompanied by oxygen generation and for organic electrolysis.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for solder plating parallel arranged leads on an electronic device, e.g. QFP having leads on four sides or SOLC having leads on two sides. A metal plate of solder wettable material having an inclined upper surface is placed in a molten solder bath. The electronic device, with the leads to be solder plated exposed, is lowered horizontally in the solder bath and is pulled out horizontally. A large quantity of solder adhering on the inclined plate pulls solder adhering on the leads sequentially along an inclined surface of the plate to obtain uniform thickness of solder plating on the leads without causing bridging.

Abstract: Galvanic protection of steel is provided by means of coupling thereto of zinc binary alloys of Zn/8 to 18% wt. Co or Zn/20 to 50% wt. Mn with teachings of method of protection, the protected steel having the alloy coupled thereto, as well as the alloys per se. Also, a technique for determining alloys useful for the cathodic protection is taught with the technique including determining the critical cathodic protection potential for steel and the galvanic current and corrosion potential for candidate binary Zn alloy compositions followed by coupling to the steel of one such alloy composition whose determined corrosion potential is lower than the critical corrosion potential for the steel in the corrosive environment in which protection is sought.

Abstract: A process for producing a galvanneal layer on a steel substrate, including forming a Zn-Fe coating having a predetermined Fe content F (wt. %) on the steel substrate; and heat treating the Zn-Fe coating on the substrate from a predetermined starting temperature T.sub.1 (.degree.C.) to a predetermined ending temperature T.sub.2 (.degree.C.) at a predetermined heating rate R (.degree.C./min.), wherein F, T.sub.1, T.sub.2, and R are selected so that the following condition is met,a.R.sup.2 +b.T.sup.2 +c.R.F.+d.R.T +e.R+f.T=gwhere a, b, c, d, e, f and g are predetermined constants, thereby to form a virtually 100% .delta..sub.1 phase galvanneal structure. Alternatively, the heat treatment can be preformed until the specimen temperature is just below a minimum temperature of the .delta..sub.1 phase stability range at at selected Fe content and heating rate, followed by an isothermal hold for a predetermined time period until transformation to the .delta..sub.1 phase occurs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electromagnetic system for applying a coating to a metal or metal alloy substrate. The system utilizes a high frequency electromagnetic field to maintain a supply of coating material in a molten condition, to restrict the flow of the molten coating material, and to control the thickness of the applied coating layer. Downstream cooling solidifies the coating layer. The system has particular utility in forming tin coated copper or copper base alloy products.

Abstract: A method particularly adapted for alloying a coating on a steel strip. The invention uses an induction heating furnace to produce a galvannealed product. In particular, the operating frequency to the heating coils of the furnace is modulated to avoid a resonant vibration in the steel strip through the heating zone of the furnace. Preferably the invention comprises imposing a frequency modulation on the operating frequency of the power signal to the heating coils.

Abstract: The invention relates to an installation for zinc coating one or both sides of continuous steel strip. In order to retain short change-over times when changing from one process to the other, the invention proposes to flange-mount in readily releasably manner a housing (2a, 2b), with guide rolls (3a, 3b) mounted therein, on the duct (5) leading from the furnace to the zinc bath and to design this housing so that it can be interchanged with a support for the guide roll (10) during two-sided zinc coating, making use of the mounting at the duct (5).

Abstract: A hot-dip galvanized coating for improved resistance welding of galvanized steel parts or sheets includes particles of a metal phosphide, and preferably ferrophosphorus particles, having a particle size of from about 0.1 to about 30 microns such particles being included in the galvanized coating while the zinc is still molten. The coating can also include up to about 40% by weight of the metal phosphide of an additional metal such as nickel, tin, aluminum or lead, which can be incorporated in the coating as discrete particles or deposited onto the surface of the metal phosphide particles.The advantages of the present invention include a significant reduction in welding current and an increase in electrode life, as well as simplified application of the coating by incorporating the metal phosphide particles directly into existing coating lines.