Abstract: The methods, systems 400 and apparatus disclosed herein concern metal 150 impregnated porous substrates 110, 210. Certain embodiments of the invention concern methods for producing metal-coated porous silicon substrates 110, 210 that exhibit greatly improved uniformity and depth of penetration of metal 150 deposition. The increased uniformity and depth allow improved and more reproducible Raman detection of analytes. In exemplary embodiments of the invention, the methods may comprise oxidation of porous silicon 110, immersion in a metal salt solution 130, drying and thermal decomposition of the metal salt 140 to form a metal deposit 150. In other exemplary embodiments of the invention, the methods may comprise microfluidic impregnation of porous silicon substrates 210 with one or more metal salt solutions 130. Other embodiments of the invention concern apparatus and/or systems 400 for Raman detection of analytes, comprising metal-coated porous silicon substrates 110, 210 prepared by the disclosed methods.

Abstract: A process and system for continuous flow-through dip-coating of a workpiece requires the introduction of the workpiece in a porous coating basket at a first side of a coating chamber and the removal of the coated workpiece in the coating basket from a second side of the coating compartment different from the first side. This enables the commingling of coated and uncoated workpieces to be avoided and allows for a higher throughput in the coating process.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing carbon nanotubes with a desired length includes the steps of: providing an array of carbon nanotubes; placing a mask having at least an opening defined therein on the array of carbon nanotubes, with at least one portion of the array of carbon nanotubes being at least partially exposed through a corresponding opening of the mask; forming a protective film on at least one exposed portion of the array of carbon nanotubes; removing the mask from the array of the carbon nanotubes, with the carbon nanotubes being compartmentalized into at least a first portion covered by the protective film and at least one uncovered second portion; breaking/separating the first portion from the second portion of the array of the carbon nanotubes using a chemical method, thereby obtaining at least a carbon nanotube segment with a protective film covered thereon; and removing the protective film from the carbon nanotube segment.

Abstract: A pigment grade corrosion inhibitor and a method of applying the inhibitor is disclosed. The inhibitor is comprised of a host species comprised of an inorganic compound having a layered structure and a guest species comprised an anionic species of a weak acid. The host species is preferably a double hydroxide having a structure of: [M(II)1?xM(III)x(OH?)2][An?x/n.yH2O], where M(II) is a divalent metal cationic species, M(III) is a trivalent metal cationic species, and An? is an anionic species, preferably with the species present in a range of: 0.2?M(III)/(M(II)+M(III))?0.4.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a functionalized particle includes a n inorganic particle with diazonium functional group attached. In some embodiments, the largest dimension of the inorganic particle ranges between about 10 nm and 1000 ?m. In another embodiment, a substrate with a hydrophobic surface includes a substrate, and a first plurality of inorganic particles with at least one diazonium functional group attached to the substrate. The largest dimension of the first plurality of inorganic particles ranges between about 10 nm and 1000 ?m. One embodiment includes a second plurality of particles with at least one phenol functional group attached to the inorganic particle. In a further embodiment, a fluorinated functional group is attached to the second plurality of particles. In some embodiments, the material has a hydrophobic surface with a water contact angle greater than about 150°.

Abstract: To make a metal feature, a non-plateable layer is applied to a workpiece surface and then patterned to form a first plating region and a first non-plating region. Then, metal is deposited on the workpiece to form a raised field region in said first plating region and a recessed region in said first non-plating region. Then, an accelerator film is applied globally on the workpiece. A portion of the accelerator film is selectively removed from the field region, and another portion of the accelerator film remains in the recessed acceleration region. Then, metal is deposited onto the workpiece, and the metal deposits at an accelerated rate in the acceleration region, resulting in a greater thickness of metal in the acceleration region compared to metal in the non-activated field region. Then, metal is completely removed from the field region, thereby forming the metal feature.

Abstract: A method of creating a water resistant, silicate-based ceramic composite article is disclosed. The method comprises depositing the silicate-based ceramic composite article in a container; immersing the silicate-based ceramic composite article in a solution comprising water and a soluble chemical that reacts with high alkali ions present in the silicate-based ceramic composite article and reduces the pH of the silicate-based ceramic composite article; soaking the silicate-based ceramic composite article in the solution for a period of time; removing the silicate-based ceramic composite article from the solution; and drying the silicate-based ceramic composite article.

Abstract: A method for modifying CNT is disclosed. The modified CNT by the above-mentioned method mixed with a resin is provided with an enhanced diffusibility; therefore the electronic property and mechanical property of resin are enhanced obviously with lower quantity of CNT.

Abstract: A composition for inhibiting the galvanic corrosion of printed circuit boards. The corrosion resistant coating composition may be applied to the printed circuit board to reduce corrosion and to shut down the chemical mechanism for galvanic corrosion so that corrosion protection of the product is achieved. The corrosion resistant coating composition comprises a) a mercaptan; b) an ethoxylated alcohol; and c) at least one metal species selected from the group consisting of molybdates, tungstates, vanadataes, zirconium, cobalt.

Abstract: Example embodiments provide a method for preparing zinc oxide nanostructures. According to the method, zinc oxide nanostructures are prepared by dipping a substrate having a zinc (Zn) seed layer thereon in an aqueous solution of hexamethyleneamine and dropwise adding an aqueous solution of zinc nitrate to the aqueous solution of hexamethyleneamine. In addition, zinc ions can be continuously supplied in a constant amount as the reactions of the reactants proceed to prepare high-quality zinc oxide nanostructures at a high growth rate. Furthermore, zinc oxide nanostructures can be prepared on a large-area substrate at a low processing temperature regardless of the substrate material. Example embodiments also provide zinc oxide nanostructures prepared by the method.

Abstract: A method of texturing a substrate or superstrate support material is provided, in which a thin textured film (32) is applied to the surface of the support material such as glass sheet (11). The dipping process is performed by loading a sheet (50) of the support material (11) into a frame (51) which provides a small number of small area contact points (52, 53) at which the sheet (50) is supported and lowering the frame (51) into texturing solution (59) comprising a mixture (59) of Sol-Gel (61) and texturing particles (62) comprising SiO2 monospheres. The sheet is then withdrawn from the texturing solution and the resultant film allowed to dry. The film is then sintered and the resulting film provides a textured surface suitable for the formation of a photovoltaic device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for production of a zeolite layer on a substrate containing metal, comprising the following method steps: production of an aqueous suspension, comprising several components, one component comprises at least one cross-linking element from the third, fourth or fifth main group of the periodic table, the substrate containing metal comprises at least one of the cross-linking elements, introduction of the substrate containing metal to the aqueous suspension, heating the aqueous suspension and the substrate containing the metal present therein for the in-situ crystallisation of a zeolite layer on the substrate containing metal, whereby the cross-linking elements in the substrate containing metal are extracted and included in the zeolite layer, a cross-linking element present in the suspension for formation of the zeolite layer is present at a concentration so low that a crystallisation in the suspension is largely or completely avoided and said element is principally provided by th

Abstract: An article having: a nonconductive fiber and a RuO2 coating. A method of: immersing a nonconductive article in a solution of RuO4 and a nonpolar solvent at a temperature that is below the temperature at which RuO4 decomposes to RuO2 in the nonpolar solvent in the presence of the article; and warming the article and solution to ambient temperature under ambient conditions to cause the formation of a RuO2 coating on a portion of the article. An article having: a nonconductive fiber and a coating. The coating is made by electroless deposition, sputtering, atomic-layer deposition, chemical vapor deposition, or physical vapor deposition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of differentiating metallic carbon nanotubes from semiconducting carbon nanotubes. The method comprising providing a nanotube dispersion, wherein the nanotube dispersion comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes, osmium tetroxide, or ruthenium tetroxide, and a solvent; and irradiating the nanotube dispersion with ultraviolet light, wherein the metallic carbon nanotubes are osmylated, or ruthenylated, thereby differentiating the metallic carbon nanotubes from the semiconducting carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: According to an aspect of an embodiment, a method for manufacturing a stamper for duplicating a pit pattern on a substrate includes forming on another substrate, a layer of a material insoluble to a liquid of a suspension of particles in a pattern having a plurality of land portions and a plurality of groove portions between the land portions, and dipping the another substrate having the layer of the material having the pattern in the liquid of the suspension of the particles so that the particles are adhered to the groove portions. The-method further includes forming a mold having a plurality of pits corresponding to the particles by transferring the shapes of the particles on the another substrate to the mold, and forming a stamper having a plurality of protrusions corresponding to the pits by transferring the shapes of the pits of the molds to the stamper.

Abstract: To make a metal feature, a non-plateable layer is applied to a workpiece surface and then patterned to form a first plating region and a first non-plating region. Then, metal is deposited on the workpiece to form a raised field region in said first plating region and a recessed region in said first non-plating region. Then, an accelerator film is applied globally on the workpiece. A portion of the accelerator film is selectively removed from the field region, and another portion of the accelerator film remains in the recessed acceleration region. Then, metal is deposited onto the workpiece, and the metal deposits at an accelerated rate in the acceleration region, resulting in a greater thickness of metal in the acceleration region compared to metal in the non-activated field region. Then, metal is completely removed from the field region, thereby forming the metal feature.

Abstract: An inorganic composition article used in disk substrate for information recording media, with a low melting point and a high productivity, combining superior surface characteristics capable of sufficiently dealing with a ramp load system for high density recording in both an in-plane magnetic recording system and a perpendicular magnetic recording system, having a high mechanical strength capable of enduring high speed rotation and impact, and combining both a heat expansion characteristic and heat resistance corresponding to each drive component. The inorganic composition articles contain a Li2O component and an Al2O3 component, with the percent by mass ratio of Li2O to Al2O3 (Li2O/Al2O3) being at least 0.3, include crystals, and have a compressive stress layer arranged on a surface.

Abstract: A method of preparing carbon nanotube/polymer composite is disclosed, which includes: forming a layer of TiO2 on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a precursor of TiO2 by a sol-gel or hydrothermal method, a weight ratio of the TiO2 precursor to CNT being 0.3:1 to 30:1; modifying the TiO2-coated CNTs with a coupling agent to improve the affinity thereof to a polymer; and mixing a polymer with the resulting modified TiO2-coated CNTs to form a TiO2-coated CNT reinforced polymer composite. The mechanical properties of the polymer composite can be enhanced by using an additional fiber reinforcement material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mother glass composition for gradient-index lens, from which a lead-free Li-based gradient-index lens that is excellent in weather resistance, in particular weather resistance in the presence of water, can be manufactured. The mother glass composition includes the following components, indicated by mol %: 40?SiO2?65; 1?TiO2?10; 0.1?MgO?22; 0.15?ZnO?15; 2?Li2O?18; 2?Na2O?20; 0?B2O3?20; 0?Al2O3?10; 0?K2O?3; 0?Cs2?O?3; 0?Y2O3?5; 0?ZrO2?2; 0?Nb2O5?5; 0?In2O3?5; 0?La2O3?5; and 0?Ta2O5?5. The mother glass composition further includes at least two oxides selected from CaO, SrO, and BaO each in a range of 0.1 mol % to 15 mol %. The total of MgO+ZnO is greater than or equal to 2 mol %. The molar ratio of ZnO/(MgO+ZnO) is in a range of 0.07 to 0.93. The total of Li2O+Na2O is in a range of 6 mol % to 38 mol %. The total of Y2O3+ZrO2+Nb2O5+In2O3+La2O3+Ta2O5 is in a range of 0 mol % to 11 mol %.

Abstract: A ceramic powder of non-agglomerated non-aggregated phase-pure hydroxyapatite having a controllable morphology. Also presented is a film of phasepure crystalline hydroxyapatite grains having a controllable morphology. Methods for preparing the same are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward methods for incorporating low work function metals and salts of such metals into carbon nanotubes for use as field emitting materials. The present invention is also directed toward field emission devices, and associated components, comprising treated carbon nanotubes that have, incorporated into them, low work function metals and/or metal salts, and methods for making same. The treatments of the carbon nanotubes with the low work function metals and/or metal salts serve to improve their field emission properties relative to untreated carbon nanotubes when employed as a cathode material in field emission devices.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides various novel suspended planar lipid bilayer assemblies made from bicellar mixtures containing long and short chain phospholipids and methods of making the same. Such bilayer assemblies may additionally incorporate biomolecules such as proteins, polypeptides, biological complexes, transmembrane proteins and other membrane-associated compounds. The present disclosure further provides uses for such lipid bilayer assemblies including proteomics, membrane study, biosensing for medical diagnosis and environmental monitoring, chemical and biological warfare agent sequestration, actuator development, and bio-fuel cell development.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a hot-dip plated metal strip comprising the steps of: introducing a metal strip into a molten metal bath of plating metal to adhere the molten metal onto the surface of the metal strip; taking out the metal strip, after turning the running direction of the metal strip, from the molten metal bath without applying external force from outside the surface of the metal strip; adjusting the plating weight of the molten metal adhered onto the metal strip; and controlling the shape of the metal strip using magnetic force in non-contact state directly before or after the step of adjusting the coating weight. The invention prevents adhesion of dross to the metal strip without degrading the productivity, and thus manufactures a high quality hot-dip plated metal strip.

Abstract: The compound is a silane surface treatment agent and is useful for modifying the surfaces of silicon oxide and other metal oxides with hexafluorodimethyl carbinol functional groups. Additionally provided is a surface treatment procedure that effectively bonds it and other alkoxysilanes via homogeneous and heterogeneous amine catalysis onto metal oxide surfaces.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the purpose of increasing the adhesion of a polymeric material to a metal surface. The process comprises plating the metal surface with a layer of electroless nickel, electroless cobalt or electroless (or immersion) tin followed by phosphating the plated layer prior to bonding the polymeric material thereto. The process is particularly suited to treating printed circuit board inner-layers and lead frames.

Abstract: The present invention provides a low reflection glass plate which has an effect of reducing reflectance against light even at an incident angle of 60° sufficiently, in high yield. A process for producing a low reflection glass plate, characterized by the use of a treating fluid (1) comprising a resin B1, fine gold particles, an organic metal compound of at least one metal (M1) selected from the group consisting of iron, titanium and zirconium, and an organic solvent, and a treating fluid (2) comprising a film-forming compound, a resin B2 having the same thermal decomposition temperature as the resin B1 or a higher thermal decomposition temperature than the resin B1, wherein said process comprises applying the treating fluid (1) on the surface of a transparent glass substrate, followed by drying at a temperature of from 50 to 250° C. to remove the organic solvent, further applying the treating fluid (2), followed by drying at from 50 to 250° C.

Abstract: A method for making transparent continuous zeolite film is provided. First a transparent precursor sol is prepared, and the precursor sol is processed to a specific concentration. The precursor solution is coated on a surface of a substrate which is heated under an ambiance of 120˜250° C. in temperature and a humidity less than saturated humidity. The packing of zeolite nanocrystals in the film converted from coated precursor sol has preferred orientation and the film shows super-hydrophobic property.

Abstract: Metal catalyst particles are deposited on carbon nanotubes by preparing a silane solution of a metal catalyst salt, e.g. platinum or ruthenium chloride, immersing an electrically conducting substrate carrying nanotubes in the silane solution to yield a composite structure of substrate, nanotubes and catalyst, and reducing the composite structure to yield a composite of substrate, carbon nanotubes and metallic catalyst particles.

Abstract: An optical member (for example, optical fiber) is dipped in a coating solution having a film forming material dissolved therein to form an antireflection film on the end surface of the optical member. When the optical member is pulled up from the coating solution, the angle formed by the level of the coating solution and the end surface of the optical member, or the pulling speed is varied to adjust the film thickness or reflectance of the antireflection film to be formed on the end surface of the optical member. The film forming material is a fluorine-containing compound. The antireflection film is formed by dipping. The film thickness of the antireflection film is uneven.

Abstract: A process for producing a hydrophobic silica powder, comprises the steps for hydrophobic treatment of: adding to a silica sol in mixed solvent having a silica concentration of 5 to 50 mass % obtained by mixing an aqueous silica sol containing hydrophilic colloidal silica having a specific surface area of 5.5 to 550 m2/g with a hydrophilic organic solvent in a mass ratio of 0.12 to 2.5 based on water in the aqueous silica sol, a disilazane compound of formula (1) (R13Si)2NH ??(1) wherein each R1 is C1-6alkyl group or phenyl group that is selected independently of one another, in an amount of 0.1 to 20 mmol per surface area 100 m2 of the hydrophilic colloidal silica, to obtain a mixture of the silica sol in mixed solvent and the disilazane compound; and heating the mixture at a temperature of 50 to 100° C. for aging it to obtain a slurry dispersion of hydrophobic treated colloidal silica. The process provides a hydrophobic silica powder through a simple hydrophobic treatment step.

Abstract: The adsorption of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) from aqueous solution to hydrophobic solid-phase objects with varying chemical compositions, sizes, and geometries, is assessed as a new approach for surface modification. The effects of PVOH concentration, adsorption kinetics, PVOH molecular weight, adsorption temperature, solution ionic strength and stepwise deposition on wettability and adsorbed amounts were analyzed by water contact angle and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. PVOH adsorbs to solids significantly different than do other molecules. A much larger adsorbed amount and more dramatic improvement of wettability occurs compared to other molecules. The low solubility of PVOH, the strong tendency for it to crystallize at the solid/water interface and stabilization of the PVOH film by inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding give additional driving forces for adsorption.

Abstract: A sample collection substrate of aerogel and/or xerogel materials bound to a support structure is used as a solid phase microextraction (SPME) device. The xerogels and aerogels may be organic or inorganic and doped with metals or other compounds to target specific chemical analytes. The support structure is typically formed of a glass fiber or a metal wire (stainless steel or kovar). The devices are made by applying gel solution to the support structures and drying the solution to form aerogel or xerogel. Aerogel particles may be attached to the wet layer before drying to increase sample collection surface area. These devices are robust, stable in fields of high radiation, and highly effective at collecting gas and liquid samples while maintaining superior mechanical and thermal stability during routine use. Aerogel SPME devices are advantageous for use in GC/MS analyses due to their lack of interfering background and tolerance of GC thermal cycling.

Abstract: A method using polyelectrolyte self-assembly for preparing multi-layered organic molecular materials having individual layers which exhibit ultrafast electron and/or energy transfer in a controlled direction occurring over the entire structure. Using a high molecular weight, water-soluble, anionic form of poly-phenylene vinylene, self-assembled films can be formed which show high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (QE). The highest emission QE is achieved using poly(propylene-imine) (PPI) dendrimers as cationic binders. Self-quenching of the luminescence is observed as the solid polymer film thickness is increased and can be reversed by inserting additional spacer layers of transparent polyelectrolytes between each active conjugated layer, such that the QE grows with thickness. A red shift of the luminescence is also observed as additional PPV layers are added. This effect persists as self-quenching is eliminated. Charge transfer superlattices can be formed by additionally incorporating C60 acceptor layers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organo-functional polysiloxane of formula (1) wherein each R1 is independently selected from alkyl or aryl radicals, each R2 is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl or aryl radicals, n is selected so that the molecular weight for the organo-functional polysiloxane is in the range of from 400 to 10,000, R3 is a bivalent radical or —O—W—(X)z is hydroxy or alkoxy, z is 1, 2 or 3 and X is a reactive functional group for reacting with amine radicals and wherein 0 to 90% of —O—R3—(X)z is hydroxy or alkoxy

Abstract: A metal piece having an organic coating with improved corrosion resistance and adhesion is described which comprises a zinc or zinc alloy plated metal piece having on its surface, a chromate film deposited from an aqueous acidic chromium solution comprising trivalent chromium as substantially the only chromium ion present, and a cathodic electrocoated siccative organic coating on the chromate film. A process for obtaining such coated metal pieces also is described.

Abstract: A process for producing dielectric layers with low dielectric constants by thermal treatment of a sol-gel product of a multifunctional carbosilane, corresponding layers, and their use in the production of electronic components, are described.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating the atmosphere comprising moving a vehicle through the atmosphere, the vehicle having at least one atmosphere contacting surface and a pollutant treating composition located on said surface. A specific embodiment comprises coating a motor vehicle radiator with pollutant treating catalyst.

Abstract: Glass/nanoparticle composites are provided which include a glass matrix with a high density of heterologous nanoparticles embedded therein adjacent the outer surfaces of the composite. Preferably, the glass matrix is formed of porous glass and the nanoparticles are yttrium-iron nanocrystals which exhibit the property of altering the polarization of incident electromagnetic radiation; the composites are thus suitable for use in electrooptical recording media. In practice, a glass matrix having suitable porosity is contacted with a colloidal dispersion containing amorphous yttrium-iron nanoparticles in order to embed the nanoparticles within the surface pores of the matrix. The treated glass matrix is then heated under time-temperature conditions to convert the amorphous nanoparticles into a crystalline state while also fusing the glass matrix pores.

Abstract: The subject invention includes a plating apparatus (10) having an electrically conductive rack (12) and a frame assembly (14). The frame assembly (14) includes a rod (24) and series of support structures (26). A number of removable (34) and fixed (32) bars are attached to the support structures (26) such that a strand of interconnected workpieces (18) are wrapped over the bars (32, 34) to define a revolution of the interconnected workpieces (18). The plating apparatus (10) and frame assembly (14) are characterized by a series of spacers (38) mounted along the removable bars (34) for separating adjacent revolutions of the interconnected workpieces (18) such that the workpieces (18) can be effectively coated with the material.

Abstract: A thin-walled honeycomb structure includes: a circumferential wall, numerous partition walls disposed inside the circumferential wall, and numerous cell passages defined by the partition walls. A circumferential portion of the honeycomb structure is reinforced wholly or in a part within a certain distance from an extremity surface of the honeycomb structure by a reinforcing material that dissipates or evaporates at a high temperature, and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides a film-coated article coated by a film having silicon oxide as a main component, in which recesses and projections conferring super hydrophobicity or super hydrophilicity are formed. This film includes minute projections and columnar projections, and the columnar projections are formed by local growth of the minute projections in a thickness direction of the film or formed with a plurality of minute particles constituting the minute projections laminated locally.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing porous ceramic layers on metallic, ceramic, enameled or glass substrates using crystalline nanoparticles of particle sizes of between 3 nm and 100 nm via a wet-chemical process and functionalising of this porous ceramic layer through introducing a second component into the pores of the porous ceramic layer which serves as carrier layer. The porous ceramic layers can be filled with hydrophobizing, hydrophilizing, dirt-repellent and corrosion-inhibiting substances which remain in the substrate or are supplied later on demand, or with bactericidal substances, aromatics, perfumes or inhalation substances which are delivered to the room air in precise doses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of depositing rutile type titanium dioxide, and a substrate and glass flakes having rutile type titanium dioxide obtained using the method fixed thereto. An object of the present invention is to make heating essentially unnecessary and simplify the manufacturing process, thus reducing costs, and also enable rutile type titanium dioxide to be fixed easily even to a substrate having low heat resistance. This object is attained by depositing rutile type crystals from a titanium-containing solution through a neutralization reaction under conditions of a temperature in a range of 55 to 85° C. and a pH of not more than 1.3.

Abstract: A process for producing a whetstone, wherein a whetstone pellet is composed of at least one columnar base body fixed on a pedestal, and an abrasive grain part, formed on an end surface of the base body, containing numerous abrasive grains formed by electroless plating The abrasive grain part, is a plated layer formed on the end surface of the base body by stirring a plating solution containing abrasive grains, such that the distribution of the abrasive grains in the abrasive grain part is uniformly distributed.

Abstract: Carbon composite components (1, 11, 22, 30), which may be aircraft brake discs, heat exchanger cores, and so on, are covered by protective coating 32. Component (1, 11, 22, 30) is immersed in liquid bath precursor of fluidized glass (step 55). After immersion step, glass-coated component (1, 11, 22, 30) is removed and annealed. Heat treatment gradually increases temperature to 250-350° C. at the rate of 1-2° C. per minute (step 60). Heat treatment is followed by soak at temperature of 250-350° C. for 1-10 hours (step 65). Temperature is then increased to 550-650° C. (step 70). Temperature is maintained at 550-650° C. for 1-10 hours (step 75). After completion of second prolonged heat treatment, the component is cooled until reaching room temperature (step 80). Upon completion of the annealing step, the fluidized glass coating converts to solid glass coating (32) enveloping and forming a protective barrier against undesirable oxidation of the C—C component (1, 11, 22, 30).

Abstract: An objective of the invention is to provide a method for producing a polymer-particle composite by which a polymer-particle composite having a desired particle density and a desired film thickness can be produced conveniently without allowing the particle to be aggregated in the polymeric matrix. To accomplish the objective described above, the present invention provides a method for producing a polymer-particle composite comprising a step of forming a polymer-containing layer mainly consisting of a polymeric material and a step of bringing a particle suspension containing the particle suspended in a solvent capable of swelling the polymeric material into contact with the polymer-containing layer.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission cold cathode for use in vacuum tubes. A carbon velvet material is coated with a low work function cesiated salt and bonded to a cathode surface. Alternatively, the carbon velvet material is bonded to the cathode surface before being coated with the cesiated salt. The coating may be applied by spraying the carbon velvet material with a cesiated salt solution, or by dipping the material into a crucible of molten cesiated salt. This abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract, and is intended to allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning the claims.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an amorphous silica particle comprising 0.1 to 105 ppm boron atoms, and optionally 0.05 to 15 wt. % aluminum atoms wherein the boron and aluminum atoms are covalently bonded to the oxygen atoms of the silica network. The amorphous silica particles are used as a reinforcing filler for rubber articles, particularly for tires, more particularly for tire treads.

Abstract: Provided is a method of fabricating an organic light-emitting device; which method comprises the steps of: forming a first electrode (4) for the device over a substrate (2); either forming by self-assembly at least one polymer layer (6, 8) over the first electrode (4) and forming other than by self-assembly at least one layer of organic light emissive material (10) over the at least one polymer layer (6, 8); and forming a second electrode (12) for the device over the at least one layer of organic light emissive material (10); or forming other than by self-assembly at least one layer of organic light emissive material over the first electrode and forming by self-assembly at least one polymer layer over the at least one layer of organic light emissive material; and forming a second electrode for the device over the at least one polymer layer. Also provided is an organic light emitting device, obtainable according to the method of the present invention.

Abstract: A multilayer ultrathin film which comprises layers of a polymer and layers of lamina particles alternately assembled, said lamina particles are obtained by exfoliating microcrystals of a layered titanium oxide.