Abstract: A method of coating a surface comprising providing a source of amorphous metal that contains manganese (1 to 3 atomic %), yttrium (0.1 to 10 atomic %), and silicon (0.3 to 3.1 atomic %) in the range of composition given in parentheses; and that contains the following elements in the specified range of composition given in parentheses: chromium (15 to 20 atomic %), molybdenum (2 to 15 atomic %), tungsten (1 to 3 atomic %), boron (5 to 16 atomic %), carbon (3 to 16 atomic %), and the balance iron; and applying said amorphous metal to the surface by a spray.

Abstract: A film deposition apparatus which comprises: a processing chamber having a space inside which serves as a vacuum space to which a film deposition gas is supplied; a substrate supporting unit which is disposed in the vacuum space and supports a substrate; a coil which inductively heats the substrate supporting unit to thereby form a film from the film deposition gas on the substrate and which has been divided into regions; and a coil control unit which controls the coil region by region.

Abstract: A method of coating a component is disclosed. The method includes applying a coating composition to a surface of the component. The method also includes providing an induction coil having a coil configuration corresponding to the surface. The method further includes relatively positioning the surface and the induction coil with a gap sufficient to enable induction heating of the surface by the induction coil. Furthermore, the method includes heating the component with the induction coil sufficient to produce a coating having an empirical formula FexMnyOz, where x varies from about 0 to about 2, y varies from about 1 to about 4, and z varies from about 2 to about 8.

Abstract: A method for preparing highly dense functional oxides with crystallite size in the range of 10-20 nm. Using a high pressure modification of a the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique, rapid thermal cycles (<10 min) coupled with very rapid pressure increase up to 1 GPa can be obtained allowing high degree of compaction and very limited grain growth. This combination of techniques was employed to produce the finest-grained ceramics ever prepared in bulk form in the case of fully stabilized zirconia and Sm-doped Ceria.

Abstract: A process for solid state deposition of a material onto a workpiece includes the steps of providing a rod of metallic deposition material, exerting pressure at one end of the rod to move the metallic deposition material into a deposition zone, rotating the rod while the pressure is being exerted to generate frictional heat when the rod contacts a surface of the workpiece, and raising the temperature of the metallic deposition material to reduce the amount of frictional heat which needs to be generated during the rotating step and to produce a microstructure which is substantially free of porosity and which has a fine grain size.

Abstract: A method is for forming an oil-repellent film on a metallic part in a dynamic fluid pressure bearing mechanism used for a motor. The method includes applying a flowable oil-repellent agent on an application region of the metallic part; arranging an induction coil in the vicinity of the metallic part; and affixing the oil-repellent agent onto the metallic part by applying an induction heating to the metallic part by supplying an AC current with a frequency of about 5 to 100 kHz to the induction coil. Further, a motor includes a dynamic fluid pressure bearing mechanism including a metallic part on which an oil-repellent film is formed by the above method; a stator unit; and a rotor unit supported by the dynamic fluid pressure bearing mechanism in a manner rotatable with respect to the stator unit.

Abstract: A heating device for controllably heating an article defines a processing chamber to hold the article and includes a housing and an EMF generator. The housing includes a susceptor portion surrounding at least a portion of the processing chamber, and a conductor portion interposed between the susceptor portion and the processing chamber. The EMF generator is operable to induce eddy currents within the susceptor portion such that substantially no eddy currents are induced in the conductor portion. The conductor portion is operative to conduct heat from the susceptor portion to the processing chamber. The heating device may further include a platter and an opening defined in the conductor portion, wherein the opening is interposed between the susceptor portion and the platter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for improving densification of porous substrate using a film boiling process. In particular, the disclosed method and apparatus permit more complete densification of a substrate (i.e., densification closer to the surface of the substrate) by providing a sort of barrier that reduces cooling of the surface of the substrate being densified caused by contact with the relatively cool boiling liquid precursor of the densifying material, such as carbon. In particular, contact between the substrate and the liquid precursor is reduced using one or both of physical barriers (such as a mesh material) or structures that promote the formation of an insulating gaseous layer between the substrate and the liquid precursor (such as a plate closely spaced apart from the surface of the porous substrate).

Abstract: This invention relates to a solvent recovery system and process from timber. Preferably, although not exclusively, the present invention relates to exposing the timber to a reduced pressure and a source of radio frequency energy. Advantageously the preferred embodiments of the present invention may have a number of advantages over the prior art which may include: “lower cost of production; “increased speed of operation; “lower environmental impact; and “more environmentally friendly product.

Abstract: A continuous, uninterrupted two-step treatment process capable of forming nanometer scale physical structures on the surface of articles fabricated from metallic, ceramic, glass, or plastic materials, and then depositing a thin conformal coating on the nanostructured surface such that the physical structures previously produced are neither masked nor are the dimensions of the physical structures substantially altered. In an additional embodiment, a thicker coating can be grown from the thin conformal coating which itself can be nanostructured as it is deposited. In this case adhesion of the thicker coating is not dependent upon the use of conventional surface pretreatments such as machining, chemical etching, or abrasive blasting. Surface texturing may be performed by ion beam sputtering, and ion assisted coating forms the thin conformal coating, and thicker coating if desired. The treatment process is useful for improving the mechanical, catalytic, chemical, or biological activity of the surfaces so treated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for coating a substrate with a layer of a material, such as a metal, in which a quantity of electrically conductive material is vaporized in a space with a low background pressure and energy is supplied to the material which is to be vaporized in order to vaporize this material. According to the invention, the material which is to be vaporized, while it is being vaporized, is kept floating, without support, in the space and is enclosed in an alternating electromagnetic field, the alternating electromagnetic field being generated with the aid of a high-frequency alternating current. The invention also relates to a device for coating a substrate and to a substrate.

Abstract: Method of coating the seam of a welded tube with an adherent metal coating, including applying a nonadherent metal coating to the inside and outside of the welded seam, externally heating the seam area with the seam located in the lower portion of the tube to generally the melting temperature of the coating, then applying a fluid coolant to the external surface to freeze the outer coating while continuing heating to melt the coating on the inner surface and finally quenching. In one preferred embodiment, the tube is heated with an induction heater including a seam coil which first heats the seam area below the melting temperature of the coating and then heated with a full body coil. The coolant may be chilled water or other coolant which is sprayed onto the seam area.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the deposition of a source material (10) are disclosed. An atomizer (12) renders a supply of source material (10) into many discrete particles. A force applicator (14) propels the particles in continuous, parallel streams of discrete particles. A collimator (16) controls the direction of flight of the particles in the stream prior to their deposition on a substrate (18). In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the viscosity of the particles may be controlled to enable complex depositions of non-conformal or three-dimensional surfaces. The invention also includes a wide variety of substrate treatments which may occur before, during or after deposition. In yet another embodiment of the invention, a virtual or cascade impactor may be employed to remove selected particles from the deposition stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for depositing especially crystalline layers on especially crystalline substrates by means of reaction gases fed to a heated process chamber. Said process chamber is formed by the cavity of an especially multi-part graphite tube arranged in a reactor housing that especially comprises quartz walls. Said reactor housing, in the area of the process chamber, is enclosed by a high-frequency coil and the space between the reactor housing wall and the graphite tube is filled with a graphite foam sleeve. In order to improve heat insulation, the graphite foam sleeve is fully slit. The slot is wider than the maximum thermal elongation of the graphite foam sleeve in the peripheral direction to be expected when the device is heated up to process temperature.

Abstract: In a method of producing a nanotube layer on a substrate by using a CVD process, the substrate is placed in a reaction chamber, which is flushed with a carbon-containing gas. Subsequently, the substrate is heated by an induction process to a temperature at which carbon from the gas phase is deposited on the substrate while forming nanotubes thereon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a surface layer with embedded inter-metallic phases, which is distinguished by the fact that a layer comprising a metal and a ceramic is applied to a substrate element, that a reaction takes place between the metal and the ceramic of the layer as a result of energy being introduced during the application of the layer or as a result of a subsequent introduction of energy, and as a result the surface layer is produced, with inter-metallic phases being formed.

Abstract: A thermal physical vapor deposition apparatus includes an elongated vapor distributor disposed in a chamber held at reduced pressure, and spaced from a structure which is to receive an organic layer in forming part of an OLED. One or more detachable organic material vapor sources are disposed outside of the chamber, and a vapor transport device including a valve sealingly connects each attached vapor source to the vapor distributor. During vapor deposition of the organic layer, the structure is moved with respect to the vapor distributor to provide an organic layer of improved uniformity on the structure.

Abstract: The present invention has several plausible embodiments. In one embodiment an apparatus for coating a medical device is provided. This apparatus includes a coating chamber, a vibrating structure within the coating chamber the vibrating structure capable of suspending a medical device positioned in the coating chamber, and a coating source, the coating source positioned to introduce coating into the coating chamber. In another embodiment a method of coating a medical device is provided. This method includes moving a medical device into a predetermined coating area, vibrating a structure below the medical device, the vibration of the structure forcing the medical device away from the vibrating structure, and coating at least a portion of the medical device that has moved away from the vibrating structure.

Abstract: A method to inhibit the formation of polymer strands on the edge of end panels and on the edge of spouts in container ends coated with thermoplastic polymers. The ends are heated sufficiently to induce crystallite formation in the thermoplastic polymer coating. Heating renders the coating less ductile, more brittle, less elastic and less prone to feathering and angel hair formation upon opening of container tabs.

Abstract: A substrate processing device is provided in which an interior rotating body for a substrate holder, provided in the interior of a vacuum chamber, and an external rotating body, provided in the exterior of said vacuum chamber, are magnetically coupled, and which includes a can-seal type magnetic coupling-type rotation introduction mechanism which, by the rotational movement of the abovementioned exterior rotating body, controls the rotational movement of the abovementioned interior rotating body. A heat-accumulating member, maintained at a predetermined temperature, and a device for performing heat exchange between the heat-accumulating member and the substrate holder, are provided in said vacuum chamber interior.

Abstract: An electrically conductive paste is provided in that complexes A each made up of an electrically conductive filler 1 and a heating element 3 adapted to generate heat on electromagnetic induction are compounded with a resin 5.

Abstract: After forming a primary powder bed at a toothed portion of an article, such as a gear or a spline shaft, by electrostatic powder coating process, the powder bed is removed from crests of teeth in the toothed portion by a specified thickness by scraping it off while sucking up the scraped powder. Next, the electrostatic powder coating process is performed again to form a secondary powder bed over the entire surface of the toothed portion. Then, the primary and secondary powder beds are melted or fused by induction heating to thereby form a coating film of a substantially uniform thickness.

Abstract: A circuit pattern is formed with an electrically conductive paste composed by mixing electrically conductive fillers, the shapes of which have aspect ratios, and a magnetic material, a shape of which has an aspect ratio, in a resin 4. In addition, a circuit pattern is formed with complexes 10 of electrically conductive fillers, the shapes of which have aspect ratios, and a magnetic material 2, and the circuit pattern 21 is hardened while a magnetic line of force is applied in the thickness direction of the circuit pattern 21.

Abstract: Improved articles of manufacture are disclosed, together with methods for preparing such articles, whereby the surface of a graphite or comparable substrate is first densified with carbon to reduce surface porosity while still retaining sufficient surface texture to enhance the adherence of a subsequently applied boron coating.

Abstract: A surface treatment method that increases the wear resistance of contact portions of levers of a diaphragm spring in a clutch cover assembly and of a plate member that slides there-against is provided. The surface treatment method is applied to the contact portions of the diaphragm spring of the clutch cover assembly and to the plate member that slides there-against. In this method, the contact portion of the diaphragm spring and the sliding portion of the plate member are designated as treatment surfaces. The treatment surfaces are subjected to an electric discharge coating using a coating material such that the treatment surface is covered with a coating layer of approximately 50 &mgr;m or less and a diffusion layer is formed inside the treatment surface.

Abstract: The present methods provide an amorphous, conformal, protective, abrasion-resistant, lubricious fluoropolymer coating on to a polymer substrate via a gas plasma deposition method. The coating method, according to one embodiment of the method, involves generating a gas plasma by introducing a mixture of a fluorinated gas monomer and a hydrocarbon gas into an energetic ion field, such as an ion beam or the field produced by a radio-frequency source. The fluorinated gas monomer is selected from the group consisting of CF.sub.4, C.sub.2 F.sub.4, C.sub.2 F.sub.6, CF.sub.3.sub.2CO, CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 and mixtures of the foregoing. The hydrocarbon gas is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.2 H.sub.2, C.sub.2 H.sub.4, C.sub.2 H.sub.6, and H.sub.2 and mixtures of the foregoing. The polymer substrate is exposed to the foregoing gas plasma for sufficient time to achieve the desired coating thickness.

Abstract: A composition for increasing the dissipation of heat from one portion of a surface when heat is applied to another portion of the same surface. The preferred composition is a gel or paste with high water content and a thickener of a mineral clay in a colloidal suspension. The invention finds particular use in welding and soldering processes which are carried out adjacent heat sensitive materials.

Abstract: System and method for diffusing chemicals rapidly and evenly into and through fibrous material, such as wood. Chemicals are introduced into the fibrous material by applying the chemicals to the fibrous material. After treating the fibrous material with the chemicals, the fibrous material is maintained under low-headspace conditions. Thermal energy or dielectric heating, such as microwave or radio frequency energy, is applied to the fibrous material. As a result, the chemicals are able to distribute evenly and quickly throughout the fibrous material.

Abstract: A method of deposing a carbon-containing substance in the pores of a porous body comprises establishing an open varying magnetic field flux loop and placing the body such that a magnetic field flux generated by the open magnetic field flux loop passes through a region of said body and heats that region, creating a thermal gradient across the body and bringing a thermally decomposable carbon-containing gas into contact with the heated region, thereby depositing a carbon-containing substance in the pores if said heated region.

Abstract: A method for forming a conductive thin film on an insulating substrate, particularly, a method for selectively heating to conductive thin film on an insulating substrate by using of an induced current is disclosed. The method for forming a conductive thin film on an insulating substrate is characterized by installing a heating means at a predetermined distance from the insulating substrate in a vacuum chamber or on a surface of the insulating substrate opposite to a surface to be formed the conductive thin film for generating Joule heat by inducing currents on the conductive thin film generated by a means for generating alternating magnetic fluxes due to current change and selective heating of the conductive thin film by the heating means during forming the conductive thin film. The selective heating and accelerating particles to be formed the conductive thin film are executed simultaneously or alternatingly.

Abstract: Method of forming a flexible circuit laminate for use in the production of flexible circuits, comprising the steps of electrodepositing a continuous layer of copper on a first side of a generally continuous strip of polyimide having a layer of metal on the first side, modifying a second side of the polyimide strip to increase the surface energy thereof, applying a preformed adhesive film on the second side of the generally continuous strip of polyimide, the adhesive strip being formed of a substantially uncured polymeric material, and curing the adhesive film wherein at least the outmost layer of the adhesive film is only partially cured.

Abstract: A composite barrel for use in extrusion or injection molding is disclosed. The composite barrel includes an outer housing having a cylindrical bore that extends throughout the length of the outer housing. A wear-resistant lining is disposed on an interior surface that defines the cylindrical bore. The lining is fabricated from an alloy that includes a base metal and phosphorus and the lining may contain hard abrasion-resistant particulate, such as tungsten carbide. The base metal is nickel or cobalt or a mixture of nickel and cobalt. The alloy is typically applied by centrifugal casting and can be cast in a nitrogen-rich atmosphere without creating undesirable lining porosity. Such linings can be made for a fraction of the cost of comparable linings that must be cast under vacuum or in an atmosphere of argon.

Abstract: A preferred embodiment of a method for coating a substrate with a chemical compound uses a precursor liquid. This precursor liquid preferably serves as a reagent in the coating process and is housed in a reactor. Once the precursor liquid is placed in the reactor, the substrate is immersed in the precursor liquid. While the substrate is immersed in the precursor liquid, which may or may not contain solid particles, the liquid is fluidized by one or more possible methods: passing a gas through the liquid; recirculating the liquid; and stirring the liquid. In the preferred embodiment, inductive heating of the substrate is performed by an induction coil. The induction coil will be driven by a generator to emit a high frequency alternating current electromagnetic field such that only the substrate is directly heated. Heating the substrate in a fluidized bed will cause chemical vapor deposition or chemical vapor infiltration to occur and the desired chemical compound, or element, to be deposited on the substrate.

Abstract: A method for the densification of an annular body having a porous structure and comprising layers of fabric, which includes locating a susceptor element within the porous body, the amount of the susceptor element occupying less than 5% of the volume of the porous body, the susceptor element being in the form of a layer comprising one of a foil and a fiber and having plural holes therein through which adjacent layers of fabric of the porous body contact each other, said susceptor element being made of a material which is more susceptible to heating by electromagnetic radiation than the material of the porous body, and exposing the porous body to hydrocarbon gas and simultaneously applying an electromagnetic field to the porous body, the susceptor element within the porous body at least in part causing heating of the porous body to a temperature at which the gas infiltrating the porous body deposits carbon within the porous body.

Abstract: A method for increasing the dissipation of heat from one portion of a surface when heat is applied to another portion of the same surface. The preferred composition is a gel or paste with high water content and a thickener of a mineral clay in a colloidal suspension. The invention finds particular use in welding and soldering processes which are carried out adjacent heat sensitive materials.

Abstract: A process of applying an inorganic coating to an electrically conducting body, in particular a metallic workpiece, is characterized with respect to a precisely controllable temperature variation with short temperature changes in an economical and energy-saving operation in that the body first undergoes a preparation. Thereafter, if need be, the body is degreased and/or chemically pretreated and/or blasted. Subsequently, a coating medium is applied to at least the surface region of the body being coated. Then, at least the surface region of the body being coated is heated by induction to a reaction temperature before and/or while and/or after applying the coating medium. Finally, the coating medium is fully reacted to a coating, whereupon the body undergoes a cooling.

Abstract: This invention relates to a liquid coating composition that is thermally-curable in the presence of oxygen, comprising: a monomer or oligomer containing two or more acrylate and/or methacrylate functional groups; an azo initiator; and oxygen. This invention also relates to a process for coating a substrate comprising the steps of applying a thin film of the foregoing coating composition to said substrate; and heating said coating composition at an effective temperature for an effective period of time to cure said coating composition, said applying and heating steps being conducted in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: The invention includes a method for densifying one or more porous preforms, including the edges and surfaces of one or more preform, when using a liquid precursor. The method includes covering at least a portion of the porous preform with an insulating material to insulate at least a part of the preform. The preform is submerged in a precursor liquid which is heat-decomposable. The preform is heated in the precursor liquid at a temperature sufficient to decompose the precursor liquid within the preform and to deposit a decomposition product of the precursor liquid within the preform. The heating of the preform is continued in the precursor liquid until at least part of the insulated portion of the preform, which would not densify in this process without insulation, is densified.

Abstract: A process for protecting the surface of a roller bearing against corrosion. The roller bearing is provided with a thin protective coating of a powdered coating material or of a wet coating material and then the bearing is inductively heated, at the coated surface thereof, in the range of 200.degree. C. to 300.degree. C. for a few seconds to cure the coating material. The bearing is thereafter cooled. The wet coating material is based on inorganic substances and is electrically conductive.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for customizing a thermoplastic resin in which a thermoplastic resin body is at least partially coated with a thermoplastic coating composition comprising an additive component and a polymeric component. The thermoplastic resin body is at a temperature that is above the onset temperature of the melt processing range of the coating composition. After the coating is applied, the resin body is cooled to solidify the coating composition. Customized thermoplastic resins may be produced more efficiently using the present method than by conventional methods. The customized thermoplastic resins produced according to the invention may be heated to above the onset temperature of the melt processing range of the resin body, mixed to form a substantially uniform mixture and formed into an article.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying pressure sensitive adhesive to a substrate, in which the adhesive is deposited on a transfer surface, such as a circulating transfer belt, dried, and subsequently transferred to a plurality of overlapping sheets. The sheets are preferably coated with a primer or a low adhesion backsize, or both, prior to application of the adhesive.

Abstract: A process for the in-line, high speed manufacturing of magnetic products is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of printing onto a substrate, drying the ink print, making the appropriate cuts or scores on the substrate, applying a slurry of magnetizable material onto the substrate to create the magnet, drying the applied material, magnetizing the magnetic material and cutting and forming the substrate to the desired dimensions. Each of these steps may be performed in a single, in-line manufacturing operation running at high speeds.

Abstract: The invention provides systems and methods for the deposition of an improved diamond-like carbon material, particularly for the production of magnetic recording media. The diamond-like carbon material of the present invention is highly tetrahedral, that is, it features a large number of the sp.sup.3 carbon--carbon bonds which are found within a diamond crystal lattice. The material is also amorphous, providing a combination of short-range order with long-range disorder, and can be deposited as films which are ultrasmooth and continuous at thicknesses substantially lower than known amorphous carbon coating materials. The carbon protective coatings of the present invention will often be hydrogenated. In a preferred method for depositing of these materials, capacitive coupling forms a highly uniform, selectively energized stream of ions from a dense, inductively ionized plasma.

Abstract: The substrate (30) is placed in an enclosure (34) and is heated by direct electromagnetic coupling with an induction winding (38) to enable a temperature gradient to be established within the substrate, so that the substrate has a higher temperature in its portions remote from its exposed surfaces than in the vicinity of its exposed surfaces. A reaction gas constituting a precursor for the material to be infiltrated is admitted into the enclosure, with the formation of the material being favored in those portions of the substrate that are at higher temperature. According to the invention, the substrate is constituted by a fibrous fabric for which the ratio .rho..sub.r /.rho..sub.c of transversal electrical resistivity over longitudinal electrical resistivity is not less than 1.3, and the ratio .lambda..sub.r /.lambda..sub.c of transversal thermal conductivity over longitudinal conductivity is not less than 0.

Abstract: A method for determining the instantaneous and cumulative mass rate of change of a conductive body in a deposition, densification or etching process through the use of a gaseous, liquid or particulate solids precursor. In one application, porous solid structures are densified by thermally decomposing a gaseous precursor to deposit an electrically and thermally conductive deposit within the structure. The rate of densification is determined by measuring the change of the electrical conductivity of the structure over time as the structure increases in mass.

Abstract: The method of providing molten bronze for cladding onto steel strip, wherein the raw material for the product consists of bronze in wire form. The wire is fed at a controlled rate into a cylindrical refractory tube that has induction coils wrapped around the outside. Wire is progressively heated, melted and discharged from the refractory tube through a spout directly onto a moving steel strip to thereby achieve the desired steel/bronze laminate.

Abstract: A porous preform is densified by heating while emersed in a precursor liquid. Heating is achieved by passing a current through the preform or by an induction coil immersed in the liquid. Ways to control the densification process are also described.

Abstract: A method for making transparent, reflective films includes coating a polymer film with ZnS by charging a set of carbon crucibles with ZnS cubes or pellets. The crucibles are heated by induction in a vacuum deposition chamber having a supply roll of the polymer film and a take-up roll. The ZnS cubes sublimate at a rate matched to web advance to insure a coating thickness for colorless films of at least 1,000 angstroms. The thickness of the ZnS layer on the film is monitored by visual observation of color by a source of visible white light and the rate of transfer of the film is adjusted to control the thickness of the ZnS layer.

Abstract: A method for transferring ink on a plate onto a material to be printed by a printing method involves the steps of: providing the ink at predetermined positions on the plate, the ink being sensitive to a field to increase its viscosity so as to have a solidified state or a semi-solidified state; applying the field to the ink to maintain configuration of the ink provided at the predetermined positions on the plate; and transferring the ink onto the material to be printed while maintaining the ink in the solidified or semi-solidified state.

Abstract: A process and a device for coating the surface of strip material, especially non-ferrous metal and steel strip, with a metal coating, wherein the material is conducted without reversal of direction through a container holding the molten coating material. The container has a passage duct below the level of the melting bath, in which induction currents are induced by an electromagnetic travelling field and produce, in interaction with the electromagnetic travelling field, an electromagnetic force for restraining the coating material. In order to stabilize the melt in the passage duct as well as in the container, and in order to attain, to a large extent, a counterbalance between hydrostatic and electromagnetic forces, a constant direct or alternating current field is directed opposite to the travelling field in the area near the container, damping the movement in the coating material.