Abstract: A sliver for spinning of the invention is a sliver for spinning having a deodorizing function and/or a heat-generating moisture absorption function, wherein a sliver for spinning formed as a bundle in which staple fibers are aligned in one direction is irradiated with an electron beam to provide an activating group and/or produce a radical on a surface of the fibers, and a compound including an ethylenic unsaturated double bond is chemically bonded to the surface of the fibers. A spun yarn of the invention is a spun yarn having a deodorizing function and/or a heat-generating moisture absorption function, including the above-described sliver for spinning that has been spun, or including the above-described sliver for spinning and a sliver other than the sliver for spinning that have been blended and spun. A fiber product of the invention has a deodorizing function and/or a heat-generating moisture absorption function, including the above-described spun yarn.

Abstract: Disclosed are an atomic layer deposition apparatus using a neutral beam and a method of depositing an atomic layer using the apparatus, capable of converting an ion beam into a neutral beam and radiating it onto a substrate to be treated. The method uses an apparatus for supplying a first reaction gas containing a material that cannot be chemisorbed onto a substrate to be treated into a reaction chamber in which the substrate is loaded, and forming a first reactant adsorption layer containing a material that cannot be chemisorbed onto the substrate; and radiating a neutral beam generated by the second reaction gas onto the substrate on which the first reactant adsorption layer is formed, and removing a material not chemisorbed onto the substrate from the first reactant adsorption layer to form a second reactant adsorption layer.

Abstract: To provide a method whereby core-shell particles and hollow particles can be produced while suppressing formation of a gel or particles made of a shell-forming material; core-shell particles and a coating composition wherein a shell thickness is strictly controlled; and an article having a coating film having a high antireflection effect. Core-shell particles obtained by irradiating a liquid containing core particles made of a material having a dielectric constant of at least 10 and a metal oxide precursor with a microwave to form a shell made of a metal oxide on the surface of the core particles are used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent which contains a reaction product of at least one selected from the group consisting of a polysiloxane having a structure represented by the following formula (S-1), a hydrolysate thereof and a condensate of the hydrolysate and a compound represented by the following formula (1): (YI in the formula (S-1) is a hydroxyl group, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, R in the formula (1) is a group having an alkyl group with 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a cyclohexyl group, or a group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms and a steroid skeleton, and XI in the formula (S-1) and Z in the formula (1) are reacted with each other to form a bond group for bonding the silicon atom in the formula (S-1) to R in the formula (1)).

Abstract: A sputtering target is provided that has a relative density of 80% or more and contains a compound having as its principal component zinc oxide satisfying AXBYO(KaX+KbY)/2(ZnO)m, 1<m, X?m, 0<Y?0.9, X+Y=2, where A and B are respectively different positive elements of trivalence or more, and the valencies thereof are respectively Ka and Kb. A ZnO based sputtering target is obtained which does not contain ZnS and SiO2, and, upon forming a film via sputtering, is capable of reducing the affect of heating the substrate, of performing high speed deposition, of adjusting the film thickness to be thin, of reducing the generation of particles (dust) and nodules during sputtering, of improving the productivity with small variation in quality, and which has fine crystal grains and a high density of 80% or more, particularly 90% or more.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical data storage medium, comprising at least one substrate (11) and a plurality of layers deposited on the substrate (11) is described. The medium includes at least one of a transparent spacer layer and transparent cover layer (12). The layer (12) is provided by applying a liquid onto the rotating substrate (11) and rotating the substrate (11) further in order to spread out the liquid into a layer substantially uniformly between an inner radius ri and an outer radius ro, and solidifying the liquid layer (12) by means of exposure to UV radiation. After applying the liquid onto the rotating substrate the liquid layer (12) is heated by heating means (14) in such a way that the temperature rise of the liquid layer (12) at ri has a value dTri, while the temperature rise of the liquid layer (12) between ri and ro gradually increases, and the temperature rise of the liquid layer (12) at ro has a value dTro>dTri.

Abstract: A sputtering target is provided that has a relative density of 80% or more and contains a compound having as its principal component zinc oxide satisfying AXBYO(KaX+KbY)/2(ZnO)m, 1<m, X?m, 0<Y?0.9, X+Y=2, where A and B are respectively different positive elements of trivalence or more, and the valencies thereof are respectively Ka and Kb. A ZnO based sputtering target is obtained which does not contain ZnS and SiO2, and, upon forming a film via sputtering, is capable of reducing the affect of heating the substrate, of performing high speed deposition, of adjusting the film thickness to be thin, of reducing the generation of particles (dust) and nodules during sputtering, of improving the productivity with small variation in quality, and which has fine crystal grains and a high density of 80% or more, particularly 90% or more.

Abstract: Ceramic materials with relatively high resistance to wetting by various liquids, such as water, are presented, along with articles made with these materials, methods for making these articles and materials, and methods for protecting articles using coatings made from these materials. One particular embodiment is an article that comprises a coating having a surface connected porosity content of up to about 5 percent by volume. The coating comprises a material that comprises a primary oxide and a secondary oxide, wherein (i) the primary oxide comprises a cation selected from the group consisting of cerium, praseodymium, terbium, and hafnium, and (ii) the secondary oxide comprises a cation selected from the group consisting of the rare earth elements, yttrium, and scandium.

Abstract: A method for making a prismatic laminate includes the steps of: a) forming a back-coating roller having a roller surface with a plurality of recesses arranged in a predetermined pattern and produced by laser holography; b) preparing a prismatic structure including a plate body having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a plurality of prismatic strips formed on the first surface of the plate body; c) applying a coating containing a resin component and an antistatic agent on the second surface of the plate body; and d) embossing the coating with the back-coating roller to form an optical layer including a plurality of microstructures protruding in a direction away from the second surface of the plate body and having a pattern corresponding to that of the recesses in the roller surface.

Abstract: A method and system for modifying a drug delivery polymeric substrate for an implantable device, such as a stent, is disclosed.

Abstract: Ceramic materials with relatively high resistance to wetting by various liquids, such as water, are presented, along with articles made with these materials, methods for making these articles and materials, and methods for protecting articles using coatings made from these materials. One embodiment is a material comprising a primary oxide and a secondary oxide. The primary oxide comprises cerium and hafnium. The secondary oxide comprises a secondary oxide cation selected from the group consisting of the rare earth elements, yttrium, and scandium. Another embodiment is a material comprising a primary oxide and a secondary oxide. The primary oxide comprises cerium or hafnium. The secondary oxide comprises (i) praseodymium or ytterbium, and (ii) another cation selected from the group consisting of the rare earth elements, yttrium, and scandium.

Abstract: A simple and controlled method to fabricate a 3D, epitaxial, biaxially textured nanofence comprised of single crystalline MgO nanobelt segments or links that grew both vertically and horizontally along <100> directions of the (100) STO substrate was developed. Continuous supply of Ni catalyst during the co-laser ablation of MgO and Ni metal led to the growth of nanobelts with such a unique morphology. Individual single crystalline MgO nanobelts had a square cross-section with high aspect ratios. X-ray diffraction results obtained from an entire MgO nanofence layer confirmed that MgO nanofence had epitaxial relation with STO substrate of [100]MgO?[100]STO. Such oxide nanofences can be used as a 3D biaxially-textured nanotemplate for epitaxial growth of wide-ranging, 3D, electronic, magnetic and electromagnetic nanodevices.

Abstract: A method for coating a device, such as an industrially or medically applicable device, with a polymer layer is provided. The method includes contacting the device with a grafting initiator comprising at least one photoinitiator group, exposing the device to radiation, contacting the device with a polymerizable monomer, and again exposing the device to radiation.

Abstract: Black matrix (BM) material is deposited on glass and patterned to form walls that define an array of wells. Various surface treatments and masking schemes are utilized to achieve surface energy control of the BM glass. The surface treatments include one or more of chemically treating the BM walls by depositing hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers on the uppermost wall surfaces, and plasma treatments to control the surface energy of the various BM glass surfaces. Masking processes include backside exposure and development of photoresist, and maskless, self-aligned photo-patterning of the monolayers. Color filter ink is then injected into each well from an ink jet print head. The high surface energy of the lower and side wall surfaces facilitates wetting of the ink, and the low surface energy of the monolayers prevents intermixing of ink between adjacent wells. The ink then dries to form a color filter in each well.

Abstract: A separation membrane includes a membrane comprising a polymer, characterized in that a functional layer is formed on the surface in one side of the membrane, the peak area percentage of carbon derived from ester group measured by the electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) on the surface of the preceding functional layer is 0.1% (by atomic number) or more but not more than 10 (% by atomic number), and the peak area percentage of carbon derived from ester group measured by the electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) on the surface opposite to the functional layer is not more than 10 (% by atomic number). A separation membrane module suffering from little sticking of organic matters, proteins, platelets and so on is provided with the separation membrane as a built-in membrane.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and material produced thereby in an amorphous or crystalline form having multiple elements with a uniform molecular distribution of elements at the molecular level.

Abstract: A multilayer type optical information recording medium in which in multilayering of a write-once type optical information recording medium, when a second film is formed using a metallic stamper, a protective layer composed of an inorganic material is free from peeling, is provided. In the multilayer type optical information recording medium including an interlayer, the interlayer is constituted by multiple films of a first film contacting a protective layer and a second film contacting a reflection layer; materials of the first and second films are constituted of materials different from each other; and a peeling resistance of the material of the first film against a material of the protective layer of the first optical information recording layer is higher than that of the second film.

Abstract: A method of laser forward transfer is disclosed. Photon energy is directed through a photon-transparent support and absorbed by a polymer interlayer coated thereon. The energized interlayer causes the transfer of a biological material coated thereon across a gap and onto a receiving substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lyophilic/lyophobic pattern-forming method comprising a first lyophilization step for lyophilizing the surface of a first member and a second member provided on the first member and having through-holes formed down to the surface of the first member, a lyophobic layer-forming step for forming a lyophobic layer on the surfaces of the first and second members, and a second lyophilization step that lyophilizes said lyophobic layer to form a lyophilic/lyophobic pattern, wherein said first and second members are made of different materials, and the lyophobic layer comprises material, wherein locations formed on the first member are lyophilized more than locations formed on the surface of the second member during the second lyophilization step.

Abstract: A method for making hydrophilic synthetic nonwoven webs. At least a region of 1 cm by 1 cm comprised by the web may comprise cross-linked hydrophilic polymers. The web may have a retention capacity of less than 100 g of aqueous liquid per m2 of the nonwoven fibrous web. An absorbent article comprising a hydrophilic synthetic nonwoven web.

Abstract: Transparent, electrically conductive layer, a process for producing the layer and its use, wherein the layer is based on at least one compound of the formula 1 wherein the substituents are as defined.

Abstract: A surface treating method for a conductive substrate by using a photo-excitation process, wherein a conducive substrate is placed in a process chamber (1) maintained between 0.001-1 atmospheric pressure, while a negative bias voltage is applied to a substrate (2), ultraviolet having a photo energy of 3-10 eV larger than the work function of the substrate surface is applied from a ultraviolet source (5) housed in a chamber having a light output window, and a process gas is supplied into the process chamber container (1) to thereby produce ions and radicals (6) caused by the collision of process gas molecules with emitted electrons from the substrate surface and allow them to reach the surface of the substrate (2), whereby it is possible to surface-treat a substrate simply, highly efficiently, inexpensively and easily even in the case of a large-area substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a fullerene thin wires-attached substrate in which fullerene thin wires are vertically aligned relative to the surface of the substrate and which is applicable to catalysts, column materials, chemical synthesis templates, field emission devices, field effect transistors, photonic crystals, etc.

Abstract: Provided are methods for producing nanostructures and nanostructures obtained thereby. The methods include heating a certain point of a substrate dipped into a precursor solution of the nanostructures so that the nanostructures are grown in a liquid phase environment without evaporation of the precursor solution. The methods show excellent cost-effectiveness because of the lack of a need for precursor evaporation at high temperature. In addition, unlike the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process performed in a vapor phase, the method includes growing nanostructures in a liquid phase environment, and thus provides excellent safety and eco-friendly characteristics as well as cost-effectiveness. Further, the method includes locally heating a substrate dipped into a precursor solution merely at a point where the nanostructures are to be grown, so that the nanostructures are grown directly at a desired point of the substrate. Therefore, it is possible to grow and produce nanostructures directly in a device.

Abstract: A method for forming functional ceramic films on ceramic materials, to enhance mechanical properties, chemical stability, and/or biological properties of the materials. The functional ceramic film comprises at least about 10 weight percent pure zirconia, with phase transformation at tetragonal/cubic phases at high temperature to monoclinic phase at room temperature, leading to volume expansion and compressive stress. The compressive stress enhances mechanical strength, wear resistance, hardness and other properties, and also tends to eliminate cracks and flaws in the ceramic material. The functional film may also include bioactive materials, and may include a structure for eluting drugs so as to serve as a drug delivery vehicle. The functional ceramic films may be centered on the base ceramic, or the materials may be co-centered. Devices having the ceramic materials with functional films may be used, for various medical or dental purposes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for dry coating solid dosage forms. The method includes the steps of placing solid dosage forms in a rotatable, electrically grounded housing, and spraying a film forming polymer powder composition into the housing during rotation thereof to form a polymer coating on the solid dosage forms, the polymer powder composition being sprayed using an electrostatic spray gun, and curing the coated solid dosage forms.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing an optical disc recording medium with which an inexpensive optical disc recording medium can be produced. For this purpose, the method of producing an optical disc recording medium of the present invention includes the steps of preparing a transfer substrate; forming an ultraviolet-curable resin layer on a surface of the transfer substrate; forming a projection-and-recess pattern on the ultraviolet-curable resin layer by pressing a nickel stamper having a desired projection-and-recess pattern onto the ultraviolet-curable resin layer under pressure while performing ultraviolet irradiation from the reverse surface side of the transfer substrate, and forming a recording layer on the ultraviolet-curable resin layer on which the projection-and-recess pattern is formed, wherein recording layers are formed in descending order of the light transmittance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an organic film on a portion of the surface of a solid support made of (co)polymer, characterized in that it comprises the successive steps consisting in (i) subjecting said surface portion to an oxidizing treatment and (ii) grafting an organic film to said surface portion by radical chemical grafting.

Abstract: Improved solar collectors (40) comprising glass tubing (42) attached to bellows (44) by airtight seals (56) enclose solar absorber tubes (50) inside an annular evacuated space (54. The exterior surfaces of the solar absorber tubes (50) are coated with improved solar selective coatings (48) which provide higher absorbance, lower emittance and resistance to atmospheric oxidation at elevated temperatures. The coatings are multilayered structures comprising solar absorbent layers (26) applied to the meta surface of the absorber tubes (50), typically stainless steel, topped with antireflective Savers (28) comprising at least two layers 30, 32) of refractory metal or metalloid oxides (such as titania and silica) with substantially differing indices of refraction in adjacent layers. Optionally, at least one layer of a noble metal such as platinum can be included between some of the layers.

Abstract: Systems and methods disclosed herein employ various modes of material deposition and material removal to build a complex, three-dimensional structure upon a rotating base. The systems and methods may be usefully employed to fabricate geometrically and aesthetically accurate dental articles from digital models.

Abstract: An electrically conductive film suited to use as a transparent anode, a method of forming the film, and an electronic device comprising the film are disclosed. The device includes a conductive polymer electrode defining first and second surfaces and having an electrical conductivity gradient between the first and second surfaces. A second electrode is spaced from the second surface by at least one organic material layer, such as a light emitting layer.

Abstract: A transparent resin plate superior in quality and productivity and a method for producing the same by forming a hard-coat layer on a substrate into a hardened film and by establishing a reforming method thereof are disclosed. The transparent resin plate has a substrate (1), a primer layer (2) and a hard-coating layer (3) in order, wherein the primer layer (2) is formed by a wet method, the hard-coating layer (3) is formed out of silicone polymer by the wet method, the surface of the silicone polymer layer is exposed to irradiation by ultraviolet light having a wavelength less than 200 nm, and only the exposed region is changed into a reformed region mainly composed of silicon dioxide.

Abstract: Methods using light force to fabricate WGM sensors including microresonators having target receptors selectively and substantially provided at only ribbon area of the microresonators.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for depositing thermal barrier coatings on gas turbine blades and vanes using Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EBPVD) combined with Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of stabilizing a strip guided between stripping dies of a hot-dip coating installing and provided with a coating, and also to a corresponding hot-dip coating installation. In this context, stabilizing forces are applied to the strip on the basis of the detected strip position by coils which are arranged downstream of the stripping dies in the strip displacement direction and act electromagnetically and in a contactless manner on the displaceable steel strip. In order to improve the stabilization of the strip in the region of the stripping die, the invention proposes that the distance between the line of action of the strip-stabilizing means and the stripping dies be adjusted to a value?a distance threshold value which is determined as a function of the strip width taking into account a coefficient ?, wherein the coefficient ? is calculated as a function of the strip thickness and the strip tension.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate generally to an ultraviolet (UV) cure chamber for curing a dielectric material disposed on a substrate and to methods of curing dielectric materials using UV radiation. A substrate processing tool according to one embodiment comprises a body defining a substrate processing region; a substrate support adapted to support a substrate within the substrate processing region; an ultraviolet radiation lamp spaced apart from the substrate support, the lamp configured to transmit ultraviolet radiation to a substrate positioned on the substrate support; and a motor operatively coupled to rotate at least one of the ultraviolet radiation lamp or substrate support at least 180 degrees relative to each other.

Abstract: A coater overlays actinic radiation curable composition on a long support in a liquid phase to constitute a coating layer. The actinic radiation curable composition includes polymerizable compound, and a first polymerization initiator for reacting upon ultraviolet radiation of a first wavelength range, and for rendering the coating layer semi-cured in first-stage curing. A second polymerization initiator reacts upon ultraviolet radiation of a broad wavelength range covering the first wavelength range, and completely cures the coating layer in second-stage curing after the first-stage curing, to obtain an anti-reflection layer. For the first-stage curing, optical filters are combined with an ultraviolet radiation source for the broad wavelength range, and cause transmission of radiation of the first wavelength range for reaction only upon the first polymerization initiator. In one embodiment, the optical filters are arranged in a web width direction of the long support.

Abstract: An edge-light type light guide plate (30) is provided that has a first surface (31) and a second surface (32) that are opposed to each other, and a peripheral edge surface extending between the peripheral edges of the first and second surfaces. A part of the peripheral edge surface is defined as a light entrance plane (30a). The first surface (31) has a series of parallel elongated raised surfaces (31a) of arcuate cross-section that extend in a direction substantially normal to the light entrance plane (30a). The second surface (32) has a series of parallel elongated recessed surfaces (32a) of triangular cross-section that extend in a direction substantially normal to the elongated raised surfaces (31a) on the first surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to benefit agent containing delivery particles, compositions comprising said particles, and processes for making and using the aforementioned particles and compositions. When employed in compositions, for example, compositions for cleaning, fabric care, or coating onto various substrates, textiles or surfaces, such particles increase the efficiency of benefit agent delivery, thereby allowing reduced amounts of benefit agents to be employed. In addition to allowing the amount of benefit agent to be reduced, such particles allow a broad range of benefit agents to be employed.

Abstract: In various aspects, provided are methods for: (a) improving oxygen incorporation in a solid oxide layer less than about 1000 nm thick; (b) extending the on-set of mixed conduction in a solid oxide layer less than about 1000 nm thick; (c) modulating the electrical conductivity of oxide ion conducting layer less than about 1000 nm thick; (d) decreasing the conductivity of an oxide ion conducting layer less than about 1000 nm thick; (e) improving the performance of a solid oxide fuel cell; and (f) improving the performance of a gas separation device. In various embodiments, the methods comprise exposing oxygen to light having one or more wavelengths in the range between about 100 nm to about 365 nm and contacting the layer with the oxygen so exposed. In various embodiments, the methods provide the potential for tailoring the surface catalytic activity of oxygen-ion and mixed conductors used in various solid-state devices.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is disclosed. A method of manufacturing an antiglare film comprising: forming a film by applying a coating liquid to a transparent substrate; and forming an antiglare layer by curing the film by irradiating the film with ionizing radiation, wherein the coating liquid includes a binder matrix forming material including an ionizing radiation-curable material, particle A and particle B, wherein difference in refractive index between either or both of particle A and particle B, and a cured binder matrix is equal to or more than 0.03, and wherein difference between average refractive index of particle A and particle B calculated based on respective weight of particle A and particle B and refractive index of a binder matrix is equal to or less than 0.03.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a variety of conductive ink compositions comprising a metal complex compound having a special structure and an additive and a method for preparing the same, more particularly to conductive ink compositions comprising a metal complex compound obtained by reacting a metal or metal compound with an ammonium carbamate- or ammonium carbonate-based compound and an additive and a method for preparing the same.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a head slider includes an element unit formed by lamination on a substrate, a cut surface formed by cutting the substrate, an air-bearing surface configured to face a recording medium when in flight, a protective layer configured to protect at least the air-bearing surface of the element unit, and a coating layer configured to cover at least the cut surface exclusive of the air-bearing surface of the element unit. An outermost surface of the air-bearing surface is formed of the protective layer in the element unit at the least.

Abstract: A method for the application and/or renewal of a protection for a thermal barrier coating system of a heat engine involves a thermal barrier coating system that includes a bond coat layer (2) and a thermal barrier coating layer (3) of porous structure (4), wherein the bond coat layer (2) is located between and in contact with a base metal (1) of a heat engine component and with the thermal barrier coating layer (3) and bonds the thermal barrier coating layer (3) to the base metal (1).

Abstract: A method for inducing a hypervalent state within silicon-containing compounds by which they can be chemically attached to a surface or substrate and/or organized onto a surface of a substrate. The compounds when attached to or organized on the surface may have different physical and/or chemical properties compared to the starting materials.

Abstract: A mechanical seal structure and a method for manufacture that employs at least one ceramic seal face prepared by a thermal spray process.

Abstract: In one aspect, methods of patterning of thin films of an ionotropic polymer (e.g., poly(acrylic acid)) are provided. These processes can create micron or sub-micron-scale patterns of ionotropic polymers such as cation crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) (CCL-PAA). In one embodiment, patterning may be performed within microfluidic channels by flowing a solution of crosslinking agent (e.g., metal cations such as Ag+, Ca2+, Pd2+, Al3+, La3+, and Ti4+) that can crosslink a portion of an ionotropic polymer in contact with the solution. In another embodiment, methods of patterning ionotropic polymers involve photolithography. Upon patterning a positive photoresist (e.g., diazonaphthoquinone-novolac resin) on a film of CCL-PAA, the exposed regions of CCL-PAA can be etched by an aqueous solution. Advantageously, the patterned, crosslinked polymer may also serve as both a reactant and a matrix for subsequent chemistry.

Abstract: The present invention provides a substrate-less pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet for protection of semiconductor wafer, which is to be stuck to a front surface of a semiconductor wafer in grinding a back surface of the semiconductor wafer, the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet consisting of a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, in which the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is formed of a UV-curable pressure-sensitive adhesive containing a polymer composed mainly of an acrylic monomer polymerizable compound, the pressure-sensitive adhesive force of a surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to be stuck to the front surface of the semiconductor wafer is larger than the pressure-sensitive adhesive force of the opposite surface thereof, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has an initial elastic modulus of from 0.01 MPa to 500 MPa.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a magnetic head includes a slider, a recording/reproduction element formed on a distal end face of the slider, and a resin film formed at least on the recording/reproduction element and the distal end face and having at least one of water repellency and oil repellency.

Abstract: In various aspects, the present inventions provide methods for forming corrosion resistant oxide coatings on metals and/or improving the corrosion resistance of existing native oxide coatings. In various aspects, provided are methods for forming corrosion resistant oxide coatings on metals surfaces that are immersed in an aqueous solution. Various embodiments of various aspects of the present inventions can provide a scalable process for the formation of corrosion resistant coatings on metals in a manner that does not require high-vacuum technology, can be adapted to large structures, such as ships or aircraft, and in various aspects and embodiments can improve quality of existing oxide films on a metal or alloy surface.