Abstract: A sheet-like sandwich molding having two outer rigid covering layers and, as the core, at least one sheet-like structure of fiber material, which has been deformed by deep-drawing and been provided with synthetic resin. The sheet-like structure of fiber material, constituting the core, can, for example, be a knitted fabric provided with a curable condensation resin.

Abstract: Adsorbents are used whose equilibrium isotherms for adsorption show no rapid rise in relative humidity more than 40% and whose equilibrium isotherms for adsorption and desorption show no hysteresis phenomenon and in which adsorbed humidity does not cause capillary condensation, for example, A-type or RD-type silica gel or hydrophilic zeolite. Adhesive or binder is applied on the surface of a metallic sheet, a plastic sheet or a ceramic fiber paper, and particulates of the above-mentioned adsorbents are fixed on or in it to get a total heat energy exchanger material. The total heat energy exchanger material is corrugated and laminated to obtain a total heat energy exchanger element. When outer air or return air contains various odorous gases, these odorous gases can be mostly prevented from transferring into supply air through the total heat energy exchanger.

Abstract: A multi-layered bandage is disclosed, for preventing or reducing transmission of blood borne pathogens from a bleeding wound area to a person applying the bandage to the wound, having a non-porous first layer having a first side and a second side opposite the first, the first side of the non-porous first layer serves as a gripping means or mitten whereby the hand of the person applying the bandage is prevented from contacting blood from the wound; a gauze pad second layer having a first side and a second side opposite the first, the first side of the gauze pad affixed to the second side of the non-porous layer; a flexible strap, of substantial longitudinal elasticity to allow the strap to extend and wrap around the wound area and be secured, having a first side and a second side opposite the first and having a first end affixed to the first side of the non-porous layer and a second end opposite the first; and a fastening means affixed to the second end of the strap and constructed of material to allow the str

Abstract: A composite article useful as a material of construction made of a plurality of individual pieces of corrugated cardboard cut from scrap corrugated boxes or sheets. The corrugated pieces lie in a shingle-like configuration, a bridge-like configuration, or a combination thereof and form multiple, generally planar layers of individual corrugated cardboard pieces having a length only a fraction of the full length of the article. The material of construction is particularly useful in making shipping pallets to replace wood pallets currently in use and as a substitute for wood products in general.

Abstract: A humidity exchanger element is formed from a corrugated sheet and a flat sheet laminated to points of contact of a ridged surface of the corrugated sheet. Each corrugated and flat sheet is formed of a paper of inorganic fibers and an adsorbent formed of an aerogel bonded to surfaces of each sheet and impregnated on the inorganic fibers. The aerogel being a silicate of titanium or titanium-aluminum. A humidity exchanger medium is formed of a bonded honeycomb matrix of wound or stacked sheets of the humidity exchanger element.

Abstract: A shipping pallet is constructed of multiple laminations of corrugated sheet material, with specific construction details providing advantages in strength and trueness of the completed pallet, and further advantages in the reduction of tooling and labor costs. The stringers or runners, deck boards, and top and (optional) bottom sheets may be sawn from stacks of plural laminations, thus precluding any requirement for costly dies and intensive labor. Asymmetrical corrugated sheets may be used, with one side having a different weight than the other. By laminating two such sheets together with like weighted sides in contact, the tendency of such sheets to curve or warp due to the difference in side thickness is substantially eliminated. Different orientations of the corrugations or flutes of the sheets during lamination and assembly of the pallet, provide advantages in strength for specific applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low-density material element for use as protective packaging. The material element consists of a multi-layered body of a corrugated material which is lined on one of its sides. Thus the neighboring corrugated layers lie adjacent one another with a common lining layer without interlocking with one another and without being compressed. The multi-layer body has an extension length (L, E) which is in a direction perpendicular to both the corrugation extension direction and the layering direction. The multi-layer body is characterized in that it is held together with a singly positioned fixation. This singly positioned fixation functions to allow neighboring corrugated layers to lie loosely adjacent one another without being compressed. Furthermore, the singly positioned fixation allows the corrugated layers to be slidable relative to one another in a direction perpendicular to the corrugation extension (S) on being bent in a plane towards the body material.

Abstract: An improved method for producing a multi-colored emblem which may be bonded to a fabric is disclosed which provides an emblem with an embroidered appearance. The emblem is easily heat sealable onto difficult to adhere fabrics. The method generally involves providing a first woven material blank, providing a barrier layer of thermoplastic material, laminating the barrier layer onto one side of said material blank to form an assembly, cutting said assembly to a specific configuration, sewing a thread about the periphery of the cut assembly, and laminating said assembly onto a second woven material blank having a different color. This second assembly is again cut to a complimentary larger configuration and also provided with a thread about the periphery. The two material blanks are then heat sealed together and an adhesive layer is provided to the exposed barrier layer.

Abstract: An inverted V-shaped bulkhead void filler for filling empty spaces in a cargo area during shipping includes a novel non-pivotable, but disengagable, interlocking structure. The bulkhead void filler includes first and second rigid panels of a sandwich-type construction attached by the interlocking structure at an upper end of each of the panels. To form the novel non-pivotable, but disengagable, interlocking structure, the second panel includes a side clip and end clips attached to its upper end. The clips define a gap substantially equal to the width or thickness of a leg of the core. The leg of the core of the first panel is slid into the gap and held securely therein.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an inverted V-shaped bulkhead void filler having a novel non-pivotable, but disengagable, fastener for filling empty spaces in a cargo area during shipping. The bulkhead void filler has first and second rigid panels of a sandwich-type construction attached by the fastener at an upper end of each of the panels. To form the novel non-pivotable, but disengagable, fastener, the upper end of the second panel fits snugly against and is attached to a portion of a core of the first panel, and a portion of the first panel overlaps and is attached to the second panel.

Abstract: A composite article useful as a material of construction made of a plurality of substantially aligned, individual pieces of corrugated cardboard cut from scrap corrugated boxes or sheets. The corrugated pieces lie in a shingle-like configuration, a bridge-like configuration, or a combination thereof and form multiple, generally planar layers of individual corrugated cardboard pieces having a length only a fraction of the full length of the article. The material of construction is particularly useful in making shipping pallets to replace wood pallets currently in use.

Abstract: A Structure comprising a membrane of a waterproofing pressure sensitive adhesive material with, contiguous thereto, a layer of relatively rigid covering material so arranged and divided into segments that the structure can be folded at the divisions between the segments.

Abstract: Fluted corrugating media of unconventional configuration and the methods for their manufacture for use in corrugated fiberboard are described. These media may be asymmetrical in configuration or have very sharply angled flute tips. The new configurations are formed using at least one secondary corrugating stage to prevent tearing during formation. The flat crush strength of the medium may be enhanced by applying parallel lines of adhesive transversely to the flutes on at least one side. These adhesive lines at least partially fill the valleys of the flutes along the lines.

Abstract: The strength and workability of a reinforced composite corrugated body are improved. A corrugated body is constituted such that corrugate lines provided with vertically spaced ridges and grooves formed alternately in a sheet material are formed in a smooth meandering waveform in a horizontal direction. The corrugate lines have a substantial amplitude ratio H/L higher than or equal to 0.4 but lower than or equal to 1.4, a substantial meandering ratio D/N lower than or equal to 0.35, a substantial meandering overlapping ratio higher than or equal to 0.5 and a width narrowing ratio i in the advancing direction of the corrugate lines lower than or equal to 8% plus a stretch strain ratio of the sheet material. Sectional shapes of crest and bottom portions of the corrugate lines are curved or chamfered with a small width. A flat liner is adhered to at least one of the opposite faces of the resultant corrugated body.

Abstract: An adsorbent having high adsorption properties and a good strength, which comprises a plurality of sintered sheets of activated carbon, said sheets being those prepared by sintering activated carbon which may contain a carbonaceous binding material infusible under sintering conditions, a pulp for papers or a heat-meltable synthetic resin, and being arranged in layers so as to form a space between the adjacent sheets.

Abstract: An adsorbent having high adsorption characteristics and high heat conductivity, which comprises a heat conductive sheet and at least one adsorbing sheet provided on at least one surface of the heat conductive sheet in contact therewith and which can perform a removal or supply of a heat through the heat conductive sheet to improve the adsorption or desorption efficiency, and an assembly comprising at least two adsorbents arranged in layers so as to form spaces between the adjacent adsorbents.

Abstract: The invention relates to honeycomb core components having an undulating configuration reinforced with structural rods or columns which provide nesting sites for indexing with the flutes or nodes of adjacent components when assembled in stacked relation. Methods are also disclosed for producing the core components and assembling them in finished honeycomb core configuration.

Abstract: A floor mat for use in covering the floor of a motor vehicle comprises a corrugated layer having first and second opposing surfaces and a single face layer affixed to one of the surfaces of the corrugated layer so that the corrugated layer may be rolled up in a direction enclosing the face layer within the corrugated layer. Preferably, at least one tear line is provided for permitting the floor mat to be split into first and second mat portions which may be separately rolled up and removed from the vehicle after use. The first and second mat portions are each adapted to underlie a separate passenger area of the motor vehicle in order to protect the floor of the vehicle from being dirtied during use. In another embodiment, a generally trapezoidally-shaped universal floor mat is provided which can alternately be placed on the floor beneath the front driver's or front passenger's side of a vehicle.

Abstract: A filter is disclosed which employes two panels of single-faced corrugated paperboard cut into strips or runs, each strip or run glued in an overlaying fashion relative to the one juxtaposed thereto so that the longitudinal axis defined by each corrugation, lies at an angle relative to the plane of the panel of between 45.degree. and 75.degree.. Two such panels are reversingly juxtaposed into an abutting relationship in one embodiment, and against a medial gauze media in another embodiment, to form a novel filter media suitable as a paint arrestor, coating arrestor or the like.

Abstract: Diecut or otherwise cut or formed pieces of a laminate for providing temporary surface protection to the incompletely dry surface coating on a flat or planar article such as metal nameplates, control panel bezels, dials, name tags and the like. Such flat or planar metal articles are widely used on appliances and machines where permanence and good readability are important. The individual laminated pieces are cut, with or without scoring, from sheets formed by laminating a ply of spunbonded polypropylene to a ply of chipboard or other inexpensive solvent absorbing backing material, In use the spundbonded polypropylene surface of a piece of the laminate is placed against the incompletely dry surface coating to be protected of a nameplate or like article and the combination is packaged together with other similar combinations for shipment.

Abstract: A composite elastic material having a stress relaxation of less than about 30 percent is composed of at least one elastic sheet formed from a blend of (1) a styrene-poly(ethylene-propylene)-styrene thermoplastic elastomeric block copolymer or a mixture of styrene-poly(ethylene-propylene)-styrene and styrene-poly(ethylene-butylene)-styrene elastomeric block copolymers, and (2) a tackifying resin. The blend may also include a polyolefin and/or an extending oil. The elastic sheet is joined to at least one gatherable layer at spaced-apart locations in which the gatherable layer is gathered between the spaced-apart locations so that the composite material is elastic.

Abstract: A uniformly flexible core, and method for manufacturing the same, for use between the face plates of a sandwich structure. The core is made of a plurality of thin corrugated strips, the corrugations being defined by a plurality of peaks and valleys connected to one another by a plurality of diagonal risers. The corrugated strips are orthogonally criss-crossed to form the core. The core is particualrly suitable for use with high accuracy spherically curved sandwich structures because undesirable stresses in the curved face plates are minimized due to the uniform flexibility characteristics of the core in both the X and Y directions. The core is self-venting because of the open geometry of the corrugations. The core can be made from any suitable composite, metal, or polymer. Thermal expansion problems in sandwich structures may be minimized by making the core from the same composite materials that are selected in the manufacture of the curved face plates because of their low coefficients of thermal expansion.

Abstract: A heat moldable composite panel is particularly useful as an automotive headliner and other as structural parts which must have heat and sound insulating properties as well as sound absorbing properties. The panel comprises a corrugated core which is advantageously dual arched core or corrugated metal foil, with opposite sides. One side is covered by a linerboard and is attached to the core through thermoplastic adhesive. The opposite side is covered by a thermoformable foam layer which is attached to the core by heat activatable adhesive. The entire structure is formable in a molding die at relatively low temperatures.

Abstract: A woven core structure (2) includes a first and second face sheets (4, 6) with inner surfaces (16, 18) facing one another. First and second sets of corrugated ribbons (8, 10) are positioned between the face sheets. The ribbons have nodes (12, 14) which are secured to the inner surfaces of the face sheets. The first set of ribbons extend transversely to, and preferably perpendicular to the second set of ribbons. The first and second sets of ribbons are woven such that the nodes of the first set of ribbons are spaced apart from and generally opposite the nodes of the second set of ribbons. This arrangement permits an increase in the node contact area (26) between the nodes and the face sheets to enhance the bond strength between the ribbons and the face sheets and to increase the skin deformation strength of the structure. The angle between the ribbons and the face sheets can be adjusted to optimize shear strength versus tension/compression strength.

Abstract: A gripper rod for shuttleless looms has a toothed rack made of fiber reinforced composite material. The prepregs are stacked in such a way that the fiber orientation in one layer crosses the fiber orientation of at least one neighboring layer. A sufficient number of layers are preferably stacked relative to a central plane of symmetry. The so prepared stack is then placed into a pressing die to form the toothed rack configuration. Due to the pressing, the initial fiber orientation changes so that the fibers after the pressing extend approximately in parallel to the surfaces of the toothed rack, especially at the tooth flank forming surfaces and along the edges, whereby the strength of the toothed rack and the wear and tear resistance, especially of the tooth flanks is improved. The angular orientation of the fiber directions relative to a longitudinal edge of a prepreg may be within the range of about 15.degree. to about 25.degree.

Abstract: Formaldehyde containing resins used as curing, setting or crosslinking resins in a variety of natural product adhesives can be made with surprisingly low and novel levels of free formaldehyde, can be made using reactants that can remove free formaldehyde from the resin solution or from the adhesive.

Abstract: An automotive headliner comprised of a laminate of double corrugated paperboard. Perforations in all the sheets of the laminate except the back paperboard sheet improve the acoustical performance of the liner. A vapor barrier on the back sheet prevents entry of moisture into the laminate from the roof, and a layer of sound dampening material on the front face of the laminate improves the sound absorption of the laminate. The front corrugation is larger than the back corrugation. When molding the laminate it is first moisturized, then heat molded. Heat is applied until the laminate has regained its rigidity.

Abstract: A three-dimensional structure adapted for use for instance as a core in sandwich panel-type construction, and comprised of substantially continuous unbroken sheet material to which has been imparted an alternating sequence of ridges and valleys, creating spaced rows of adjacent inclined rectangular-shaped facets connected by intermediate rows of adjoining parallelogram-shaped facets. The core structure provides substantially gridlike bearing surfaces on two opposing parallel bearing planes thereof to which face sheets may be affixed, to form a sandwich panel.

Abstract: The shell, which is size and contoured to fit the underside of the roof of the vehicle, is composed of a core of relatively rigid wire mesh embedded in and tightly bonded to a void-free unitary layer of a relatively rigid plastic material enveloping the wire mesh. One type of vehicle headliners have a foam backed cloth or a foam backed plastic film bonded to the side of the shell which will face toward the interior of the vehicle. In a preferred type of vehicle headliners a velour-like coating of short fibers (most preferably nylon fibers) is affixed to and projects from the vehicular interior side of the shell.

Abstract: A headlining laminate (10) is made up of a composite which includes two corrugated boards having corrugations which are arranged at right angles to each other and having a thermoplastic sheet interposed between the boards for adhesion. The board is covered with a fabric (15) and includes mounting holes. An advantage of the invention is that stretch lines do not occur on the fabric due to the corrugations of the board being at an angle to each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an assembled sound-muffling thermal insulation board, and more particularly to a thermal insulation board having a surface board provided with plural pyramid bodies capable of greatly reducing the reflected sound wave going thereinto, and a sound-muffling thermal insulation layer mounted on the back face of the surface board, which is made from a styropor material and provided with plural fluffs to prevent convection of outdoor and indoor air with different temperatures whereby the hot air or cold air in an air-conditioned room will not escape and the energy is saved.

Abstract: A bacon pad made of liquid absorbent wood fibers is suitable for cooking bacon in a microwave oven. The pad is made as a three-ply laminate, with a corrugated center ply sandwiched between two flat outer plies. The pad is designed to absorb fat from the bacon while maintaining adequate mechanical strength. In one version, the pad is formed with angled barriers to positively prevent liquid fat from flowing off the pad.

Abstract: A composite expanded web for making a cigarette wrapper is provided, the web comprising a laminate of a first web of generally flat sheet material and a second web of expanded sheet material. The expanded web is formed by passing a web of sheet material through rotary shearing and forming dies to impart to the web a configuration having longitudinally disposed rows of generally sinusoidal convolutions extending above and below the original plane of the web, each row of convolutions lying 180.degree. out of phase from its abutting rows. The composite web is formed into a wrapper for a smoking article by curling it about its longitudinal axis, securing the overlapping edges of the first web with a glue seam, and cutting it to the desired length.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel laminated paperboard and, more particularly, to a novel laminated paperboard with a center ply having alternating grooves and ridges, which has characteristics of strength and rigidity equivalent to solid laminated paperboard, but is 30% to 45% lighter in weight.

Abstract: A corrugated plastic slip pallet is provided and comprises an intermediate corrugated member sandwiched between two generally planar sheet-like panel members and having a flat body portion on which boxes are supported and three lip portions hingedly connected to edges of the flat body portion and forming an included angle therewith of between about 135 and 160 degrees and wherein the hinge connection comprises two spaced apart welded portions extending parallel to an associated edge of the flat body portion and wherein the portions of the intermediate corrugated member and the two generally planar sheet-like panel members between the two spaced apart welded portions are not welded together.

Abstract: A refractory heat-insulating graphite sheet material characterized in that the material comprises a graphite sheet.

Abstract: An automotive headliner comprised of a laminate of double corrugated paperboard. Perforations in all the sheets of the laminate except the back paperboard sheet improve the acoustical performance of the liner. A vapor barrier on the back sheet prevents entry of moisture into the laminate from the roof, and a layer of sound dampening material on the front face of the laminate improves the sound absorption of the laminate. The front corrugation is larger than the back corrugation. When molding the laminate it is first moisturized, then heat molded. Heat is applied until the laminate has regained its rigidity.

Abstract: A foam composite - especially useful as an insulating board - comprising first and second oppositely disposed corrugated skins having a core of foam material therebetween, and a reinforcement medium located at the interface between the foam core and each skin, the foam extending through interstices or pores in the medium and bonding to the medium and to the skins. The reinforced composite so formed has increased resistance to bending and other deformations and improved dimensional stability.

Abstract: A fiber reinforced plastic reflector has a sandwich construction and comprises a core, two fiber reinforced plastic plates which are secured to opposite sides of the core, and a reflecting film which is formed on the outer surface of one of the fiber reinforced plastic plates. The core is made from an isotropic material having a low density and a low linear expansion coefficient. In one form of the invention, the core is a plate of a material selected from a uniform foamed metal having a density of 0.1-1.0 g/cm.sup.3 ; uniform, porous glass having a density of 0.05-1.0 g/cm.sup.3 ; and a uniform, porous ceramic having a density of 0.3-1.0 g/cm.sup.3. In another form of the invention, the core is a corrugated sheet and a flat sheet which is secured to at least one side of the corrugated sheet, the corrugated sheet and said flat sheet being made of a material selected from a uniform Kevlar fiber reinforced plastic having a density of 0.03-1.0 g/cm.sup.3, a uniform ceramic having a density of 0.03-1.0 g/cm.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to a humidity exchanger element comprising of a matrix formed by laminating single-faced corrugated sheets and an active silica-alumina aerogel just synthesized and adhered on said sheets and on the gap between the fibers of said sheets; the main constituents of said sheet being an inorganic fiber selected from the group consisting of ceramic fiber, glass fiber, slag fiber, carbon fiber and mixtures of them, the thickness of said sheet being in the range of 0.18-0.25 mm, the wave length of said corrugated sheet being in the range of 2.5-4.2 mm, and the wave height of said corrugated sheet being in the range of 1.5-2.3 mm; and the composition of said aerogel being 97-85% of silicon dioxide and 3-15% of aluminum oxide.

Abstract: The stretchable undergarment comprises a liquid-previous bodyside layer, liquid-impervious outer layer, an absorbent layer, and a stretchable layer. The stretchable layer is stretch-bonded to the other layers and, upon relaxing the stretchable layer forms a plurality of rugosities in the bodyside layer, outer layer, and absorbent medium. The bonded layers are of a generally trapezoidal shape and have a front end portion that diverges toward a rear end portion, wherein the front end portion is from about 20% to about 90% of the width of the rear end portion, and the rear end portion is about 20% to about 60% of the length of the bonded layers.

Abstract: An article of insulation and its method of manufacture, in which a planar sheet member has a plurality of score lines (24--24) made in the exterior surface thereof, and is then folded along the score lines (24--24) and then sealed to form an enclosed, airtight volume. Positioned between the upper and lower portions (12,14) of the sheet member are a plurality of thin, flexible, resilient, spaced interior elements (36--36). The combination is deformed to form corrugated surfaces and then expanded so that the upper and lower portions are spaced apart and the interior elements are again substantially flat. The space between the upper and lower elements is evacuated.

Abstract: An extruded article is provided comprising a base element, and at least one rib element attached to the base element along its entire length. The rib element is narrower at its attachment end than at its free end, and is undulated.The article is formed by extruding an extrudable plastic mass having a conformable state and a nonconformable state. The extrusion rate of the free end of the rib element is sufficiently faster than that of the base element. The free end of the rib element will therefore undulate as the structure is extruded. The free end of the rib element is permitted to undulate without distortion of the base element while the plastic mass is in the conformable state. The plastic mass is then converted to the nonconformable state while maintaining the undulation in the free end of the rib element.

Abstract: The medium and liners of a water resistant containerboard are each essentially completely impregnated by a liquid water resistant agent which also uniformly coats the surfaces of the medium and liners with a layer sufficiently thick to cover the outer extremities of fibers protruding from such surfaces.The coating and impregnation is accomplished by feeding a flat untreated corrugated containerboard in the direction of its open flutes and in a continuous movement into and out of a hot melt bath of the water resistant agent at a controlled speed sufficient to force the liquid agent through the flutes of the containerboard, so as to assure exposure of all surface portions of the board to the hot melt for the same amount of time at the same temperature conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of laminated structures consisting essentially of a light weight interior member prepared from a glass, glass-ceramic, or ceramic, an exterior member prepared from a glass, glass-ceramic, or ceramic, and a bonding member prepared from a glass, glass-ceramic, or ceramic. The light weight interior member may be composed of a porous body, a corrugated body, or a honeycomb body. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of said members is reinforced through the entrainment of ceramic fibers and/ or whiskers. In the most preferred embodiment, each exterior and interior member is reinforced through the entrainment of ceramic fibers and/or whiskers and the bonding member is reinforced through the entrainment of ceramic whiskers.

Abstract: An elastic pad which is elastic in at least one direction, includes an elastic sheet having at least one nonelastic nonwoven web joined thereto at least at two areas. The nonelastic web is gathered between the two areas. The sheet may be formed from a polyetherester and the nonelastic nonwoven web may be a web of spunlaced hydraulically entangled polyester fibers. The nonelastic nonwoven web may also include rayon or wood pulp fibers.

Abstract: A heat transfer element for cross flow heat exchanger consists of ceramic corrugated and planar plates. A plurality of the heat transfer elements are stacked up in such a manner that the direction of corrugation in adjacent elements intersects at right angles to form a heat transfer block for cross flow heat exchanger. Concave portions of corrugation, which confront soot-blowing flow for removing soot deposited onto the heat transfer surfaces of heat transfer block, are filled with ceramic solids. Also concave portions of corrugation corresponding to the corners, which abut the packings attached when the heat transfer block is installed on a casing, are filled with ceramic solids.

Abstract: An article of insulation and a method for making same. Outer sheet-like elements (22,24) of elastic deformable material are secured by adhesive to a base element (20) of rigid deformable material in a particular pattern which defines unbonded areas which are each bounded entirely by adhesive. The combination of the two outer elements (22,24) and the base element (20) is then deformed, following which the base element (20) retains its deformed shape while the outer elements (22,24) spring back to their original shape, leaving voids between the base element (20) and the outer elements (22,24) in which there is a partial vacuum.

Abstract: A padded book panel which utilizes three flat chipboard layers between which are positioned an upper undulating layer and a lower undulating layer.The undulating layers are of generally longer fiber length than the flat chipboard layers.In a preferred embodiment, the upper undulating layer has longer arms or flutes thereon so that, when passed through a treating pressure roller, the arms of the upper undulating layer are permanently bent or creased. The arms of the lower undulating layer, being of shorter height, are not bent during the roller treating softening process.The resulting structure is then utilized as an economically manufactured and high-quality padded book panel.

Abstract: The production of fire resistant articles is described comprising a normally combustible carrier element having applied thereto sodium silicate which is heat foamable to produce a further element capable of resisting the passage of fire and/or heat therethrough in the event the article is exposed to fire and/or heat. In a typical embodiment the articles comprise corrugated container-wall structures, in which the sodium silicate layer serves as the fire and/or heat barrier, laminating adhesive, and provides structural strength.