Abstract: Diamond bonded constructions include a diamond body comprising intercrystalline bonded diamond and interstitial regions. The body has a working surface and an interface surface, and may be joined to a metallic substrate. The body has a gradient diamond volume content greater about 1.5 percent, wherein the diamond content at the interface surface is less than 94 percent, and increases moving toward the working surface. The body may include a region that is substantially free of a catalyst material otherwise disposed within the body and present in a gradient amount. An additional material may be included within the body and be present in a changing amount. The body may be formed by high-pressure HPHT processing, e.g., from 6,200 MPa to 10,000 MPa, to produce a sintered body having a characteristic diamond volume fraction v. average grain size relationship distinguishable from that of diamond bonded constructions form by conventional-pressure HPHT processing.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a membrane having a tampered pore, a polymeric membrane having a tapered pore, and uses of such polymeric membrane are disclosed. The membrane includes apertures of increasing diameter which are aligned with each other to form the tapered pore.

Abstract: The present invention provides selectively laser sintered porous polymeric articles and methods of making and using the same. In one embodiment, a method of the present invention comprises providing a first layer of particles of a first polymeric material, heating selected locations of the first layer to sinter particles of the first polymeric material to form a three-dimensional article, the three-dimensional article having a porosity of at least about 30 percent.

Abstract: A membrane for use in a high temperature gas processing system and method for making the same. The membrane includes a dense, gas impermeable layer and a first and second porous layer, wherein each of the first and second porous layers is a ceramic oxide material having a non-symmetrical load bearing skeleton of a plurality of pores having a graded porosity. Each porous layer provides a reduction of an oxygen partial pressure gradient across the dense layer and reduces resultant stresses in the dense layer that are small compared to its strength thereby improving long term mechanical durability of the dense layer.

Abstract: An abradable coating may include a rare earth silicate. The abradable coating may be deposited over a substrate, an environmental barrier coating, or a thermal barrier coating. The abradable coating may be deposited on a gas turbine blade track or a gas turbine blade shroud to form a seal between the gas turbine blade track or gas turbine blade shroud and a gas turbine blade. The abradable coating may also include a plurality of layers, such as alternating first and second layers including, respectively, a rare earth silicate and stabilized zirconia or stabilized hafnia.

Abstract: The problem of the present invention is provision of a tantalum carbide-coated carbon material having superior corrosion resistance to reducing gas and superior resistance to thermal shock at a high temperature and a production method thereof. According to the present invention, a tantalum carbide-coated carbon material having a carbon substrate and a coating film formed directly or via an intermediate layer on the aforementioned carbon substrate can be provided. The coating film consists of a number of microcrystals of tantalum carbide, which are densely gathered and, in an X-ray diffraction pattern of the coating film, the diffraction intensity of the (220) plane of tantalum carbide preferably shows the maximum level, more preferably, the aforementioned diffraction intensity is not less than 4 times the intensity of the second highest diffraction intensity.

Abstract: The process for producing a porous ceramics shaped body comprises a step of firing a shaped body of a starting material mixture which contains an aluminum source powder and a titanium source powder, and the aluminum source powder satisfies the below formula (1a): (Da90/Da10)1/2<2??(1a) wherein Da90 is a particle diameter corresponding to a cumulative percentage of 90% on a volume basis and Da10 is a particle diameter corresponding to a cumulative percentage of 10% on a volume basis, and these are determined from a particle size distribution of the aluminum source powder measured by a laser diffractometry.

Abstract: A conventional thin membrane of aerogel, although achieving a low refractive index, retains some difficulty when it is to be applied to display apparatuses or the like, because of its low strength. Membranes produced by other methods are difficult to simultaneously achieve low refractive index and sufficient strength. The present invention provides an anti-reflecting membrane which is formed at least on one side of a plate transmitting visible light, is composed of fine inorganic oxide particles and a binder, contains a number of pores inside, and has an arithmetic average surface roughness (Ra) below 6 nm. The present invention also provides preferred embodiments of the display apparatuses provided with the membrane.

Abstract: A thermal barrier coating system on a base material includes a bond coat layer with a lower face in direct contact with the base material and an upper face, a first ceramic layer in direct contact with the upper face of the bond coating layer and a second ceramic layer disposed on an outermost surface of the coating system and configured to be exposed to hot gas. The first ceramic layer includes a layer, combination, mixture, alloy, blend or multilayer structure of at least one of yttria-stabilized zirconia with a yttria content in a range of 6-8 wt-%, YTaO4 doped zirconia, and titania doped zirconia. The second ceramic layer includes a layer, combination, mixture, alloy, blend or multilayer structure of at least one of YTaO4 doped zirconia, titania doped zirconia, scandia stabilized zirconia, ceria containing perovskite material, yttrium aluminium garnet material, Monazite material, and spinel material. A material of the second ceramic layer is different from a material of the first ceramic layer.

Abstract: A heat collector includes a heat absorption surface, an opposite heat focus surface and one or more surrounding sides. A matrix of the heat collector is a thermally conductive material. There is a plurality of adiabatic pores mixed within the matrix. A relative concentration distribution of the adiabatic pores increases from the heat absorption surface to the heat focus surface, and decreases from the surrounding sides to a center of the heat collector. The shape of the heat collector can be rectangular, cylindrical, prismatic, plate-shaped, square, or polyhedral. The heat collector can draw heat generated from electrical components, and collect the generated heat for reuse in order to enhance energy efficiency.

Abstract: Disclosed are an optical film having a graded refractive index and a method of manufacturing the same. The optical film includes one or more antireflection films composed of a mesoporous material having a plurality of pores of a uniform size, and the pores of the mesoporous material are filled with air or a filler having a refractive index different from that of the mesoporous material, and thus the volume ratio of mesoporous material to filler in the pores thereof is controlled, thereby obtaining a desired magnitude of effective refractive index and ensuring a refractive index distribution in which the refractive indexes sequentially change, resulting in high antireflection performance. The method of manufacturing the optical film may be conducted using a nanowire growing technique, thus making it easy to realize mass production.

Abstract: To provide a crystalline polymer microporous film including: a laminate consisting of two or more crystalline polymer layers formed of crystalline polymers; and multiple pores penetrating through the laminate in the thickness direction thereof, wherein an average pore size of each of the crystalline polymer layer changes along the thickness thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to anti-reflective coatings and methods of making the same. More specifically, the present invention is directed to porosity graded anti-reflective coatings that are made by methods that comprise preparing a liquid composition with specific amounts of tetraethyl orthosilicate, polyethylene glycol, hydrochloric acid, ethanol, butanol and water; applying the liquid composition onto a surface of a heated substrate; and heating the coated glass system to a temperature higher than that of the heated substrate.

Abstract: An artificial stone material having an improved natural stone appearance and texture is prepared from resin, curing agent, microspheres and additives. The resin, curing agent and microspheres are mixed to form a catalyzed base material. Additives are non-homogeneously worked into the catalyzed base material to provide a catalyzed stone mixture having a desired natural stone appearance. The catalyzed stone mixture is molded or applied to a surface at the point of use and allowed to cure to form the artificial stone material.

Abstract: A cermet armor material for highly effective ballistic performance which is comprised of a layer of base metal in which is deposited a layer or layers of ceramic and a compatible metal such that the deposited metal in combination with the base metal forms a continuous matrix around the ceramic particles. The body has a structure which is continuously graded from a highest ceramic content at the outer surface (strike face) decreasing to zero within the base substrate, and contained no abrupt interfaces.

Abstract: A microelectronic processing component can include a substrate and a corrosion-resistant layer. The substrate can include a metal-containing material, and the corrosion-resistant layer can be adjacent to the surface region. The corrosion-resistant layer can include a first portion and a second portion each including a rare earth compound, wherein the first portion is disposed between the substrate and the second portion, and the first portion has a first porosity, and the second portion has a second porosity that is greater than the first porosity. The component can be component within a processing apparatus used to process microelectronic workpieces. In a particular embodiment, the component can be exposed to the processing conditions as seen by the microelectronic workpiece when fabrication a microelectronic device from the microelectronic workpiece. Methods can be used to achieve the difference in porosity, and such methods can be for articles other than microelectronic processing components.

Abstract: A cermet armor material for highly effective ballistic performance which is comprised of a layer of base metal in which is deposited a layer or layers of ceramic and a compatible metal such that the deposited metal in combination with the base metal forms a continuous matrix around the ceramic particles. The body has a structure which is continuously graded from a highest ceramic content at the outer surface (strike face) decreasing to zero within the base substrate, and contained no abrupt interfaces.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a thermoplastic cornice member having a plurality of strands and a plurality of cells. The thermoplastic cornice member is extruded by an extruder that forms the shape of the thermoplastic cornice member. The thermoplastic cornice member is then cooled, providing the thermoplastic cornice member with a skin having a higher density than the interior of the thermoplastic cornice member. The strands and the skin give the thermoplastic cornice member a high strength and the skin also enables the thermoplastic cornice member to be painted or sprayed or brushed with adhesive. The adhesive enables the thermoplastic cornice member to be affixed to walls, ceilings, floors, or other panels.

Abstract: Polyurethane molded foams having a surface region and an interior region and comprising a flame-retardant solid, wherein the flame-retardant solid is present in the surface region in a proportion higher than a proportion of the flame-retardant solid in the interior region; processes for preparing the same; and materials comprising such foams.

Abstract: Electrically gradated carbon foam materials that have changing or differing electrical properties through the thickness of the carbon foam material and methods for making these electrically gradated carbon foam materials are described herein. In some embodiments, the electrically gradated carbon foam materials exhibit increasing electrical resistivity through the thickness of the carbon foam material such that the electrical resistivity near a second surface of the carbon foam is at least 2 times greater than the electrical resistivity near a first surface of the carbon foam. These electrically gradated carbon foam materials may be used as radar absorbers, as well as in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding schemes.

Abstract: A polycrystalline diamond (PCD) material 10 comprising at least 88 volume percent and at most 99 volume percent diamond grains 12, the mean diamond grain contiguity being greater than 60.5 percent. The PCD material 10 is particularly but not exclusively for use in boring into the earth.

Abstract: The dielectric device includes a substrate, a lower electrode, a dielectric layer, and an upper electrode. The lower electrode is bonded onto the substrate. The dielectric layer is bonded onto the lower electrode. The dielectric layer is obtained through thermal treatment of a film layer formed by spraying of a powdery dielectric material and a fine-particulate metal. In the thus-formed film layer, the metal is dispersed in the matrix of the dielectric material. Thermal treatment of the film layer causes migration of the metal in the film layer. This metal migration causes a lower-electrode-adjacent portion and upper-surface-adjacent portion of the dielectric layer to have different metal contents.

Abstract: A composition includes a plurality of particles. At least some of the plurality of particles include cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol and have a diameter of about 500 microns or less. The particles have a first average pore size in an interior region, and a second average pore size at a surface region. The first average pore size being greater than the second average pore size. The composition also includes a carrier fluid. The plurality of particles being in the carrier fluid.

Abstract: A porous film of the invention is a porous film having a large number of continuous micropores. The film has a thickness of 5 to 200 ?m, has an average surface pore size A of 0.01 to 10 ?m, an average surface porosity C, and has an average inside pore size B and an average inside porosity D. The ratio A/B of A to B is 0.3 to 3. The porous film is produced by casting a polymer solution containing a polymer onto a substrate to form a film and subjecting the film to phase conversion to thereby form a porous film. In the method, the polymer constituting the porous film has a surface tension Sa [mN/m], the substrate has a surface tension Sb [mN/m], and Sa and Sb satisfy the following condition: Sa?Sb??10.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a structure comprising: at least one mesostructured layer prepared by the sol-gel route from at least one specific molecular metallic precursor in the presence of an amphiphilic surfactant, and a metal substrate. It also relates to its process of preparation and to its use in the aeronautical or aerospace field.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to relates to foamed thermoplastic material objects and articles of manufacture having an internal layered cellular structure, as well as to methods of making the same. In one embodiment, the invention is directed to a multi-layer foamed polymeric article of manufacture, comprising: a non-laminated multi-layer thermoplastic material sheet, wherein the multi-layer thermoplastic material sheet has first and second discrete outer layers sandwiching a plurality of discrete inner foamed layers, and wherein the two outer layers and plurality discrete inner foamed layers are integral with one another. The thermoplastic material may be a semi-crystalline polymer such as, for example, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), PEN (polyethylene napthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PLA (polylactide), polyhydroxy acid (PHA), thermoplastic urethane (TPU), or blends thereof.

Abstract: A method for making the microporous carbon with modified pore size distribution and advanced sorption behavior. The carbon is derived from metal or metalloid carbides. The method employs the use of oxidant in reaction medium that during the carbide conversion into carbon widens small micropores, which otherwise would be hardly accessed by sorbing molecules or ions in practical applications. The microporous carbon obtained is free of impurities and possesses extremely narrow pore size distribution.

Abstract: A substrate support structure for clamping a substrate by means of a capillary force created by a liquid clamping layer having a lower pressure than its surroundings. The substrate support structure comprises a surface provided with a plurality of substrate supporting elements for holding the substrate, and the surface further comprises portions with different capillary potential for inducing, during clamping, a predetermined capillary flow within the liquid clamping layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a functionalized adsorbent for removal of acid gases, which comprises a pore-expanded mesoporous support having a pore volume of between 0.7 and 3.6 cc/g, a median pore diameter of between 1 and 25 nm, and a BET surface area of between 500 and 1600 m2/g. The support is functionalized by addition of acid-gas reactive functional groups within the pores and external surface of said support material. Also provided are methods of manufacturing the adsorbent and methods of use.

Abstract: A coated article includes an article having at least one surface and composed of a molybdenum based refractory metal alloy base substrate, a niobium based refractory metal alloy base substrate or a silicon base substrate. A bond coat layer is disposed upon the surface. The bond coat layer includes a molybdenum disilicide base compound and at least one of the following: silicon nitride, silicon carbide or tantalum oxide. A process for coating the article includes the steps of applying upon the article's surface the aforementioned bond coat layer. A functionally graded material layer is applied upon the bond coat layer. The functionally graded material layer comprising molybdenum disilicide, mullite and at least one of the following: silicon nitride, silicon carbide or tantalum oxide. A thermal barrier coating layer is then applied upon the functionally graded material layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermoplastic resin foamed article, wherein the foamed article has two opposite surfaces, wherein the foamed article has at least a skin layer which defines one of the opposite surfaces and has a porosity of 0% or more but less than 1%, a lower-expansion layer which has a porosity of not less than 1% but less than 40% and is arranged so as to be adjacent to the skin layer, and a higher-expansion layer which has a porosity of not less than 40% but less than 100% and is arranged so as to be adjacent to the lower-expansion layer, wherein the skin layer, the lower-expansion layer and the higher-expansion layer are made of the same thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: A protective coating for protecting a component of a gas turbine engine or such from wear is provided with a base coating consisting essentially of metal and including a pore, and a spherical particle filling the pore, at least a surface of which consists essentially of a ceramic.

Abstract: An insulated article having a first insulation region comprising a first polymeric material and first hollow ceramic microspheres and a second insulation region comprising a second polymeric material and second hollow ceramic microspheres. The first insulation region has a thermal conductivity that is no greater than the thermal conductivity of the first polymeric material and a volumetric heat capacity in a range of 60% to 90% of the volumetric heat capacity of the first polymeric material. The second insulation region has a thermal conductivity that is no greater than 90% of the thermal conductivity of the second polymeric material and a volumetric heat capacity that is less than 60% of the volumetric heat capacity of the second polymeric material. A method for making a composition for insulating an article is also described.

Abstract: An abradable coating may include a rare earth silicate. The abradable coating may be deposited over a substrate, an environmental barrier coating, or a thermal barrier coating. The abradable coating may be deposited on a gas turbine blade track or a gas turbine blade shroud to form a seal between the gas turbine blade track or gas turbine blade shroud and a gas turbine blade. The abradable coating may also include a plurality of layers, such as alternating first and second layers including, respectively, a rare earth silicate and stabilized zirconia or stabilized hafnia.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a sandwich panel, comprising the steps: providing an upper cover layer, providing a lower cover layer, providing an intermediate layer disposed between the upper and lower cover layers, compacting the upper and lower cover layers; foaming the intermediate layer, with no foaming of the intermediate layer occurring when compacting of the upper and lower cover layers begins.

Abstract: Layered systems in prior art are inefficient at cooling an external hot gas. The inventive layered system comprises an external porous layer, in which the pore walls of the pores have differing thicknesses. This improves the cooling action by preventing too much heat from entering the layered system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a woody resin molded body which comprises a step of passing a woody resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin, a cellulose powder and a blowing agent, a weight ratio of the thermoplastic resin to the cellulose powder being from 20/80 to 80/20, through a shaping die that has no core body and extruding the woody resin composition into a cooling die. A barrel temperature of an extrusion molding machine is set lower than a foaming temperature of the blowing agent, and a temperature of the shaping die is set within a foaming temperature range of the blowing agent, to thereby obtain a woody resin molded body which has a high-expanded foam layer and a low-expanded foam layer formed on the outside of the high-expanded foam layer and in which the cellulose powder is not exposed on a surface of the low-expanded foam layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a structure and method for forming a structure including a SiCOH layer having increased mechanical strength. The structure includes a substrate having a layer of dielectric or conductive material, a layer of oxide on the layer of dielectric or conductive material, the oxide layer having essentially no carbon, a graded transition layer on the oxide layer, the graded transition layer having essentially no carbon at the interface with the oxide layer and gradually increasing carbon towards a porous SiCOH layer, and a porous SiCOH (pSiCOH) layer on the graded transition layer, the porous pSiCOH layer having an homogeneous composition throughout the layer. The method includes a process wherein in the graded transition layer, there are no peaks in the carbon concentration and no dips in the oxygen concentration.

Abstract: Metal foams are impregnated with resins. The metal foam/polymer composite formed upon curing has excellent acoustic dampening and structural properties. Foams of various metals, such as aluminum, titanium, nickel, copper, iron, zinc, lead, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, and alloys based on these metals, may be used. The polymer component may be any polymeric resin, for example, epoxy, natural rubber, acrylic, or phenolic.

Abstract: Composite with a first part composed of a thermoset material and with a second part composed of a thermoplastic material, and with an adhesion-promoter layer located between these, where the first part has been bonded by way of the adhesion-promoter layer to the second part, and where the adhesion-promoter layer comprises pyrolytically deposited semiconductor oxides and/or pyrolytically deposited metal oxides.

Abstract: There is provided a cell structure, where the outer wall portion has high heat-insulating ability, the cell structural portion has a high temperature rise rate, and a temperature distribution is more uniform, and a method for manufacturing the cell structure. The cell structure 1 includes: a cell structural portion 4 having partition walls forming a plurality of cells extending from one end face to the other end face, and an outer wall portion 5 disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the cell structural portion 4. The outer wall portion 5 has at least a porous layer having a porosity of 40% or more or a porous layer having a hollow body. The manufacturing method can easily manufacture the cell structure.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for making microporous membranes from a polymer solution and the membranes therefrom. A thermal assist, such as heating of the polymer solution can be effected subsequent to shaping the solution, such as by forming a film, tube or hollow fiber of the solution under conditions that do not cause phase separation. In a preferred embodiment, the formed solution is briefly heated to generate a temperature gradient through the body of the formed solution. The polymer in solution then is precipitated to form a microporous structure. The formation of a wide variety of symmetric and asymmetric structures can be obtained using this process. Higher temperatures and/or longer heating times effected during the heating step result in larger pore sizes and different pore gradients in the final membrane product.

Abstract: Techniques for the fabrication of semiconductor devices are provided. In one aspect, a layer transfer structure is provided. The layer transfer structure comprises a carrier substrate having a porous region with a tuned porosity in combination with an implanted species defining a separation plane therein. In another aspect, a method of forming a layer transfer structure is provided. In yet another aspect, a method of forming a three dimensional integrated structure is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a device for gas separation, said device comprising a layer system wherein a functional layer consisting of TiO2 and/or ZrO2 having an average pore diameter of less than 1 nm is applied to at least one side of a carrier layer that is porous throughout. Said carrier layer is preferably between 100 ?m and 1 mm thick and comprises continuous pores with an average pore diameter in the ?m range. The functional layer which is applied directly or by means of at least one intermediate layer comprises continuous pores with an average pore diameter of less than 1 nm, especially less than 0.8 nm. The functional layer can advantageously be embodied as a graduated layer. The invention is especially characterised by the symmetrical structure of the device, in which functional layers are applied to both sides of the carrier layer, optionally by means of respectively at least one intermediate layer.

Abstract: The invention concerns the manufacture of a part comprising a foam layer borne by a support. The invention concerns a manufacturing method including providing a foam layer (18) on a surface of a mold part (10), while the mold is open, closing the mold so that it defines a cavity between the foam layer (18) and another mold part (14), and injecting into the cavity a non-cellular plastic material designed to form the support (20). The method includes, after injecting the plastic material of the support (20), a step of gradually spacing apart at a predetermined speed the two parts of the mold (10, 14), in a direction having a component in the direction of the thickness of the foam layer (18). The invention is applicable to motor vehicle interior trims.

Abstract: A carbon foam article useful for, inter alia, composite tooling or other high temperature applications, which includes a carbon foam having a ratio of compressive strength to density of at least about 7000 psi/g/cc.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermoplastic resin foamed article, wherein the foamed article has two opposite surfaces, wherein the foamed article has at least a skin layer which defines one of the opposite surfaces and has a porosity of 0% or more but less than 1%, a lower-expansion layer which has a porosity of not less than 1% but less than 40% and is arranged so as to be adjacent to the skin layer, and a higher-expansion layer which has a porosity of not less than 40% but less than 100% and is arranged so as to be adjacent to the lower-expansion layer, wherein the skin layer, the lower-expansion layer and the higher-expansion layer are made of the same thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: Methods for filtering particles from a fluid are disclosed, wherein an array of microstructures defining respective microchannels having respective minimum widths are used to separate the fluid from particles to be filtered. The fluid flows through the minimum widths into the microchannels defined between adjacent microstructures. The particles to be filtered are prevented from passing through the respective minimum widths, resulting in filtration of those particles from the fluid. The microchannels can be provided with gradient characteristics to separate particles in the fluid according to size.

Abstract: A ceramic coating for imparting one or more of a variety of functional characteristics (e.g., reducing vibration levels) to one or more components or portions of an engine (e.g., ring segments, transition ducts, combustors, blades, vanes and shrouds of a turbine engine, portions thereof, and portions of a diesel engine), the components or portions comprising such a coating, and methods of making same. The ceramic coating exhibits a gradient or other change in the functional characteristic(s) through the thickness of the coating, across the surface area of the coating or both.

Abstract: The invention comprehends a tank for storing fluid under pressure and a method for manufacturing the tank. The tank has an inner core of an open-celled foam that is characterized by open voids that are at least partially interconnected by passages and are surrounded by a fibrous or ligament structure/network (collectively, “ligaments”). Attached to the inner core is an outer skin.