Abstract: A cover for sealing a munition within a canister has an inner layer of tempered glass bonded by an adhesive to an outer layer of structural foam having at least one score mark thereon. Upon launch of the munition, the inner layer of tempered glass breaks into numerous fragments which remain bonded to the outer layer of scored foam by the adhesive layer. The outer layer of foam then breaks along its score marks into two or more pieces that have pieces of the inner layer of glass bonded thereto. The pieces of foam with glass fragments bonded thereto are then blown out and away from the canister so that the munition can egress unimpeded and undamaged from the canister. A method for sealing a munition within a canister until munition launch includes the step of sealing the munition within the canister by a cover having an inner layer of tempered glass bonded by an adhesive to an outer layer of structural foam having at least one score mark thereon.

Abstract: A wall lining material consists of an upper mat body, a lower mat body and a granular moisture absorbent. The upper mat body and the lower mat body are made of a nonwoven fabric containing a multiplicity of fibers. The moisture absorbent is located between these two mat bodies. The mat bodies are sewn together over the laminated portion at many points by means of needle punching. This needle punching causes the fibers in the upper mat body to be connected with those in the lower mat wed and vice versa.

Abstract: This invention concerns a composition comprising a blend of polyolefin with the reaction of a functionalized polyolefin and polyetheramine in which the polyetheramine is grafted into the functionalized polyolefin in a customary mixing apparatus. A process for producing the reaction product of functionalized polypropylene and polyetheramine by melting with polypropylene in a customary mixing apparatus is also disclosed. Blends of the present invention are advantageously useful to prepare paintable automotive body parts. This invention further includes dyeable polyolefin compositions containing the reaction product of functionalized polyolefin and polyetheramine. Dyeable polyolefin fibers, including polypropylene fibers, are disclosed, which may be made by melt spinning, and which may be employed to make woven and non-woven fabric.

Abstract: A heat insulating box, such as a refrigerator box, comprises a heat insulator and a box member that is in contact with the heat insulator. The heat insulator is formed of a urethane foam using either HCFC-123 (CHCl.sub.2 CF.sub.3) or HCFC-141b (CH.sub.3 CCl.sub.2 F) or both as a forming agent, and the box member is formed of a styrene/acrylonitrile/butadiene terpolymer, a styrene/ethylene-.alpha.-olefinic rubbery copolymer/acrylonitrile terpolymer (AES resin), a styrene/alkyl acrylate ester containing rubbery copolymer/acrylonitrile terpolymer (AAS resin), or a mixture of the AES resin and the AAS resin.

Abstract: Polymeric monofilaments having 3 to 12 circumferential striations exhibit excellent performance when used in woven papermaking belts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fiber product containing a pyroelectric substance and metal ion-holding inorganic particles. With this fiber product wherein the pyroelectric property of the pyroelectric substance is amplified by the metal ion-holding inorganic particles, there can be sufficiently obtained, with no necessity of using a large amount of a pyroelectric substance which is expensive, various effects, for example, activities of ameliorating diseases and promoting health (e.g. acceleration of blood circulation, cure of autonomic imbalance and promotion of metabolism), activity of maintaining the freshness of foods or natural flowers, activity of removing oil or other stains, and microbicidal activity.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the absorbency, hand-feel, or both of an article made from fibers having a spin finish thereon, where the spin finish decreases the hand-feel desirability and decreases the absorbency of the article. The method involves subjecting the article to corona treatment for a period of time sufficient to enhance the absorbency, hand-feel, or both of the article. The article produced by subjecting a substrate made of fibers having a finish thereon to corona treatment for a period of time sufficient to enhance the absorbency, hand-feel, or both of the substrate. A method of disposing of such articles by contacting the articles with a hot liquid, such as water, for a period of time sufficient to disperse or dissolve the article. Hot water soluble, cold water insoluble poly(vinyl) alcohol is one suitable fiber material.

Abstract: Porous materials suitable for a variety of uses including waterproof/breathable fabrics, air filters, liquid filters, liquid/liquid separation membranes, vascular grafts, mechanical seals, etc. which comprises an intimate combination of about 50 to 99.9 wt % polytetrafluoroethylene polymer and about 0.1 to 50 wt % of a fluorinated organic polymer which is liquid under ambient conditions, such as the perfluoroether fluids, wherein the material has a microstructure characterized by nodes interconnected by fibrils.

Abstract: Sheets capable of developing a positive electostatic charge are used for a variety of surface cleaning operations. Polyester fabric, non-woven and chemically bonded with an acrylic latex is used to dust surfaces, to clean clothes, furniture and carpets. A light solvent such as isopropanol can be used with the sheets to loosen gummy soils. In one mode, the sheets are used in a hot air clothes dryer to remove soils and detritus from garments. Processes for cleaning a variety of fabric and hard surfaces are conducted using the sheets.

Abstract: The problems caused by chemical and thermal shrinkage of hard roll covers, are reduced by the inclusion of one or more intermediate compressive layers between the metal roll substrate and the outer cover, or cover. A compressive layer has the properties of being rigid enough to allow the cover to be applied to the roll, and compressible enough to deform and absorb the stresses which occur as the cover is shrinking during processing.In one embodiment, the intermediate compressive layer comprises a three dimensional fabric that is filled preferably with a thermoset resin system which cures at lower temperature than cover. In a second embodiment, the precise amount of shrinkage in the roll is predetermined to a high enough degree of accuracy so that a depth for the fabric layer can be used to compensate for the amount of shrinkage, thereby eliminating the need for filling. In a third embodiment, the compressive layer is comprised of a meltable material wherein said material melts at cure temperatures.

Abstract: A coated ceramic has alumina as an amorphous residue from an alumina sol containing alumina powder or and, optionally, a high emittance powder. The alumina powder alters the rheology and wetting characteristics of the sol to aid in forming the residue and increases the alumina concentration (% solids) in the residue. The high emittance powder radiates heat out of the residue and away from the ceramic when the coated ceramic is heated, such as during orbital reentry.

Abstract: A single walled container for storing hot or cold foods or liquids having a layer of insulation comprised of void containing particles held together with a binder applied to the outer part of the sidewall. The insulation layer provides a controlled amount of insulation which is sufficient to prevent pain to the fingers yet it transmits sufficient heat to warn the user of the temperature of the container's contents. The binder may be any thermoplastic or thermoset resin, and other ingredients may be added to the binder to control viscosity, density, or color.

Abstract: A blow-molded plastic container manufactured from a homogenous mixture of a plastic resin, a calcium carbonate filler, and a blowing agent in specified amounts. The filler reduces the overall material costs, and the blowing agent reduces the specific gravity of the mixture to enable the container to be recycled utilizing existing floatation tank recycling equipment.

Abstract: A system to deliver gas/vapor from solid materials. Specifically, the delivery system for the use of gas or vapor released from a solid material, such as a non-aqueous/solid hydrogen peroxide complex. The system is comprised of a delivery system that is configured to receive a plurality of disks containing the solid material and provide these disks into an injector. The injector heats the disks to produce a gas or vapor that is then provided into a chamber. The sterilization process can be done by gas or vapor alone, or in combination with plasma or ultra violet radiation. In particular, a control system automatically induces the delivery system to provide the injector with a disk and then remove the disk once the injection sequence is complete.

Abstract: Polymer structures having a laminated surface and enhanced physical properties that can be used for packaging, athletic gear (e.g., padding, water sport equipment), gaskets, and protective garments are described. The structures include a core of a relatively high density material and one or more layers laminated to the surfaces of the core material of relatively low density polymer foam. The structures can be stiff or flexible. The foam layers improve the softness of the surfaces of the core material.

Abstract: A novel, bio-degradable molding based on particles of a plant fiber material, preferably wood and/or cellulose, in particular recycled fiber material, as well as other additives, which are integrated preferably with starch and/or protein into a matrix of at least one biogenic material which has been reduced at high temperature and pressure to a molten state and undergone thermoplastic treatment, and a process for manufacturing the molding and uses thereof. The molding is substantially free of pores and the particles are at least partially impregnated with at least one resin acid (where appropriate mixed with at least one fatty acid, in particular from tall oil and/or natural resins) and preferably also with at least one fat, oil and/or wax; the total water content of the molding is no greater than 18 wt %, preferably 3-16 wt %, and in particular 4-12 wt %, while its preferred density is 0.8-1.25 t/m.sup.3.

Abstract: By carefully adjusting the molecular weight and amounts of methacrylic acid and maleic acid and/or maleic anhydride comonomers in polyacrylic acid-based fiberglass binders, binder-treated fiberglass cured and B-staged product throughput may be maintained at production rates designed for phenol/formaldehyde binders due to the lower thermal requirements for cure as compared to homopolyacrylic acid-based binder systems.

Abstract: An electroconductive elastic member including an electroconductive material prepared from a polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomer using a polyester polyol and a quaternary ammonium salt to impart electroconductivity. The polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomer can be produced using, as a polyisocyanate component, a hydrogenated product from diphenyl-methane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, or any of various modified diphenylmethane/hexamethylene diisocyanate The elastic member may be used in an electrophotographic apparatus. Thus the member is well suited for producing an elastic roller with intermediate electric resistance in an electrophotographic process.

Abstract: A composite structure is fabricated by providing a mandrel having a winding surface and placing a shaped plug into the winding surface so that it extends from the winding surface. An uncured composite material is wound over the winding surface of the mandrel and laterally adjacent to the shaped plug. The composite material is cured, and the shaped plug and mandrel are removed. The shaped plug may be provided with an overlying bushing that is bonded to the composite material during curing and is not removed with the remainder of the shaped plug.

Abstract: A container and a method for making the same. The container has a body made of a first thermoplastic material, with a non-developable external surface provided with at least one decorative label formed of at least one layer made of a second thermoplastic material, and having an air evacuation structure. The second material has a fusion temperature higher than the fusion temperature of the first material. This method permits labeling without the formation of creases or air bubbles, in particular on a container having a non-developable surface.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polyester composition comprising:(A) 95 to 99.90% by weight of a polyester comprising from about 85 to 100 mole % of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and 85 to 100 mole % of at least one aliphatic glycol having from 2 to 16 carbon atoms, based on the total mole percentage for the glycol portion and for the acid portion of said polyester each equalling 100 mole %, and(B) 0.1 to 5.0% by weight of one or more polymeric carbodiimides.These polyester compositions result in improved hydrolytic stability in end products such as fiber, monofilament, films, thermoformed articles, containers and sheeting based on naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and ethylene glycol.

Abstract: By achieving an extruded, foamed core formed from plastic material peripherally surrounded and integrally bonded with a cooperating synthetic, plastic, extruded, outer layer, a unique, multi-component, multi-layer synthetic closure is provided which may be employed as a bottle closure or stopper for any desired product, whether the product is a liquid, a viscous material, or a solid distributed in a bottle or container and dispensed through the open portal of the container neck. The present invention achieves a mass producible, resilient, synthetic bottle closure which is employable for any desired bottle, including wine. By employing the present invention, a multi-component or multi-layer synthetic closure is attained which possesses physical properties substantially equal to or better than the physical properties found in cork material, which has caused such cork material to be the principal closure material for wine bottles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a damper comprising a compressible and resilient shaft and at least one constrained layer damping section attached to the exterior of the shaft via an adhesive. The damper can be compressed and inserted into a cavity or hollow in an article to be damped whereupon it can expand and provide vibration damping properties as well as optional acoustic absorbing properties. The present invention also provides the damped article and a method of damping the article.

Abstract: A stretch label adapted to be fitted to a container includes a stretch film, having a self-shrinking property, and a printing layer. The stretch film, in turn, includes a substrate made from an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or a mixture of a low density polyethylene and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and a surface layer made of a polyolefin resin. The surface layer is harder than the substrate and is provided on at least one surface of the substrate. The surface layer is the outer surface layer of the stretch label when the stretch label is fitted to the container.

Abstract: A reinforced structural member has a channel-shaped laminate structure of a metal stamping, a channel-shaped foil and an intervening layer of structural foam. The reinforced structural member is formed by pressing a foil/resin preform into a channel and thermally expanding the resin to form a structural foam.

Abstract: The disclosed gelatinous cushion comprises a gelatinous material enclosed in a membrane fixed to a support. The membrane has at least one told and the gelatinous material assumes the shape of the fold. The fold is arranged in such a way that the membrane unfolds when pressure is exerted on the cushion. Advantages: the elimination of the membrane effect due to the compression of the gelatinous material in the membrane, the improvement of wearing comfort and of dampening properties. Application in particular to the making of highly comfortably nose-pads for eyeglass frames.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for storing a brush body, made of a hydrophilic sponge-like porous material in a readily usable condition employs a substrate cleaning brush stored in a vessel, which vessel is filled with liquid such that the brush body is submerged in the liquid.

Abstract: Stainproofing properties are imparted to a cellulose fiber by 1) esterifying a part of hydroxyl groups of the cellulose fiber in a heterogeneous reaction system and 2) subjecting the partially esterified cellulose fiber to a stainproofing treatment with an aqueous solution or emulsion of a copolymer having repeating units derived from a fluroalkyl group-containing polymerizable compound and a compound represented by the general formula:CH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sup.1 COO--(XO).sub.m --(YO).sub.n --R.sup.2( 1)wherein X is --CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--; Y is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --; R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and each of m and n is an integer of 0 to 50, provided that the total of m and n is an integer of 1 to 70.

Abstract: Composite article comprising an injected hollow body or a solid body based on at least one plastic A, reinforced by at least one bundle of continuous reinforcing fibers, the bundle being wound externally at its surface, substantially perpendicular to its axis, as well as by reinforcing fibers dispersed within it, substantially parallel to its axis, and continuous process for manufacturing it.

Abstract: The invention relates to foam structures with enhanced physical properties which can be used in the areas of packaging, athletics, water sports, and construction. In general, the structures are laminated polymer foams that include a core of a low density foam and one or more skins of relatively high density foam covering the core. The skins provide improved physical properties to the foam structures by improving the flexural strength, resistance to bending, and resulting damage from bending in the laminated foam structure while modestly increasing the weight of the laminated structure, for example. Uses of the foam structures include, but are not limited to, packaging materials, gym mats, body boards, or eaves fillers. The skin can act as a hinge to fold a die cut piece into a collapsible packaging system.

Abstract: A two-layer material suitable for use as a barrier layer for a cushion sock in a foam-in-place process is formed by bonding a discontinuous adhesive layer to a pinhole-free, lubricant-free barrier layer. The discontinuous adhesive layer has a melting temperature higher than 180 degrees Fahrenheit. A foam cushion is molded adjacent the cushion sock by first attaching a barrier layer to the cushion sock, and vacuum drawing the cushion sock attached to the barrier layer over a mold. The cushion sock and the barrier layer are then heated to a temperature no higher than 400 degrees Fahrenheit to bond the cushion sock and the barrier layer together.

Abstract: Porous materials suitable for a variety of uses including waterproof/breathable fabrics, air filters, liquid filters, liquid/liquid separation membranes, vascular grafts, mechanical seals, etc. which comprises an intimate combination of about 50 to 99.9 wt % polytetrafluoroethylene polymer and about 0.1 to 50 wt % of a fluorinated organic polymer which is liquid ambient conditions, such as the perfluoroether fluids, in the material has a microstructure characterized by nodes connected by fibrils.

Abstract: A pipe end load support and protector apparatus for attaching to an end of a pipe to protect the pipe end. The apparatus comprising a circular member having an outer diameter approximating the outer diameter of the pipe end. The circular member has an end bearing portion made of a closed cell rigid polyurethane foam. The closed cell rigid polyurethane foam has a density in the range of about 40 to 70 pounds per cubic foot.

Abstract: A silicone composite vascular graft especially well suited as an arteriovenous (A-V) graft fistula for dialysis application. The graft has the ability to seal around needle puncture holes without externally applied pressure, excellent anti-kink, anti-crush and strength properties, and a smooth non-porous inner surface which reduces thrombus deposition and enhances the graft wall compliance or elasticity.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electric conductive roller comprising a rubber having a volume specific resistance of not more than 10.sup.12 .OMEGA.cm and an electric conductive filler mixed in the rubber, said electric conductive roller satisfying the following formulas (1) and (2):log R.gtoreq.log R.sub.0 -4 (1)log R<log R.sub.0 (2)wherein R is a resistance of the roller when the electric conductive filler is added, and R.sub.0 is a resistance of the roller when no electric conductive filler is added.This electric conductive roller has a low dependence of an electric resistance on a change in applied voltage and environment.

Abstract: Articles are provided in which a self-supporting structure formed of natural polymer has a self-adherent, moisture resistant hydroxy-functional polyester on the structure surface. The self-supporting structure preferably is a starch and polyvinyl alcohol blend in an expanded form. The articles typically do not delaminate even when soaked in water, and are biodegradable.

Abstract: A lampshade includes a self-supporting backing member constituted of an extruded oriented polystyrene and an additive including a light-reflecting powdered filler, especially titanium dioxide, co-extruded with the oriented polystyrene and weighing in the range of 1%-10% of the total weight of the polystyrene. A fire-retarding filler, for example, antimony oxide, is also coextruded.

Abstract: System for thermal and/or acoustic insulation of a tube intended, for example, to allow the outflow of hydrocarbons originating from an oil deposit, consisting of a sleeve surrounding the tube over at least a part of its length. According to the invention, the sleeve consists of an aerogel. A method for thermal and/or acoustic insulation of a tube is also described.

Abstract: Aminopolysiloxanes of the following structure Q.sub.2 RSiO-- (SiR.sub.2 O).sub.x -(SiRR.sup.1 O).sub.y -SiRQ.sub.2 wherein R is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms including alkyl, aryl and aralkyl groups; R.sup.1 is CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --C--(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --NHR.sup.2, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, an alkyl of C.sub.1 -C.sub.6, an alkyl amine of C.sub.1 -C.sub.6, or an alkanolamine of C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 ; Q is R, R.sup.1, hydroxyl, or an alkoxy of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4. x can be zero or integer; y is an integer, with x+y being less than 1,100, for use in various applications, including softening textiles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cellulose fibers excellent in dirt removability and a method of treatment thereof. The cellulose fibers of the invention are liquid ammonia-treated cellulose fibers whose partial or entire exterior is coated with an ester of (A) a polycarboxylic acid having at least three carboxyl groups and (B) a hydrophilic polyol having an oxyethylene group or groups and at least two alcoholic hydroxyl groups and/or which fibers are impregnated with the ester.

Abstract: Methods are provided for treating polyester, polyamide, acrylic, aramid or cellulosic substrates to improve the uniformity of dyeing and to improve the hydrophilic, soil-release, odor-, mildew-, bacterial- and fungal- resistant properties of these substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an ink jet printing process using an ink jet printing cloth wherein the ink-jet printing cloth is composed mainly of polyester fibers, wherein the cloth has a water content of 1 to 101%, and comprises polyester yarn having an average thickness of 20 to 100 deniers composed of polyester fibers having an average thickness of 1 to 10 deniers.

Abstract: Fabrics containing melamine fibers are rendered more comfortable by carding the melamine fibers under vacuum so as to exhibit a narrower fiber diameter distribution (.delta..sub.d) and/or a narrower staple length distribution (.delta..sub.1) as compared to melamine fibers which are carded in the absence of vacuum. In addition, more comfortable melamine fiber-containing yarns are produced by spinning the staple fiber at a lower twist multiplier (TM) as compared to conventional melamine fiber yarns. Most preferably, the melamine fiber-containing fabrics and yarns will be blended with at least one other type of synthetic fibers, such as aramid fibers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an ink-jet printing process using an ink-jet printing cloth wherein the ink-jet printing cloth is composed mainly of nylon fibers, wherein the cloth has a water content of 10 to 110%, and comprises nylon yarn having an average thickness of 20 to 100 deniers composed of nylon fibers having an average thickness of 1 to 10 deniers.

Abstract: Methods and systems for forming hinged starch-bound matrices. Starch-based compositions are molded between heated molds in order to form a cellular matrix and also to remove the water from the starch-based compositions in order to form a binding matrix of solidified starch. The molding apparatus is configured to form one or more creases within the hinge area in order to define one or more lines upon which the hinge will bend. The molding apparatus is also configured such that the region of the mold corresponding to the inner surface of the hinge area will transfer heat more slowly to the inner hinge surface, resulting in reduced thickness of the skin of the inner hinge. This increases the collapsibility, or ability of the inner surface of the hinge to fold or buckle, during the bending action. This in turn reduces the bending radius of hinge such that the hinging action exerts less strain on the outer surface of the hinge.

Abstract: A structural enclosure, box-like for many embodiments, which effectively tains an explosion, thereupon remaining virtually intact and minimizing fragmentation. The structural wall has a sandwich-like arrangement of two fiber-reinforced matrix material skins and a foam core situated between the two skins, at least one skin having fiber-reinforced high strain-to-failure viscoelastic matrix material. The core foam material selectively varies in density so as to provide appropriate rigidity or flexibility at different locations of the structural enclosure. The fiber-reinforced high strain-to-failure viscoelastic matrix material can be deformed elastically to large strains, has demonstrably high energy-absorbing characteristics, and is relatively lightweight. Upon explosive impact, the inner skin largely deforms so as to be energy-absorbent of the pressure wave caused by the explosive charge, the foam core crushes so as to also be energy-absorbent, the outer skin largely deforms, and both skins contain debris.

Abstract: A peel-open package includes a polymeric film, a lid adhered to the polymeric film along a continuous portion thereof and a product encapsulated between the polymeric film and lid material. The polymeric film is typically a coextruded multiple layer film having a sealable layer and at least one base layer. The sealable layer comprises an ethylene copolymer derived from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate and alkylacrylates, a talc additive, and an additive which provides peelability to the heat seal layer. The lid material is preferably a microporous layer to allow sterilization and prevent subsequent contamination by bacteria and other microbial organisms. The peel-open package provides a good seal range for uncoated Tyvek.RTM., evidence of seal integrity, reduced Tinting, and a seal strength which is sufficiently low to prevent the delaminating or branching of the lid material when it is removed. The present invention also includes methods of making peel-open packages.

Abstract: A gelling material is composed of water-absorbent resin 12 wrapped in a bag composed of two laminated water-soluble sheets 1.cndot.1, the water-absorbent resin being prepared so as to enable the bag to be disintegrated by an inner pressure generated when an expanded volume of the water-absorbent resin by absorbing water through the bag exceeds a maximum volume capacity. When the gelling material is added to the aqueous fluid, the water-absorbent resin 12 is spread in the aqueous fluid at a stroke, and is diffused uniformly. Thus, the water-absorbent resin 12 is brought fully in contact with the aqueous fluid.Since this enables the aqueous fluid to be gelled in a short period of time, the aqueous fluid can be processed speedily. Even the aqueous fluids, which are difficult to be handled by the conventional gelling material, can be gelled conveniently in a short period of time, and the resulting gell can be easily handled, thereby enabling an easy disposal of the aqueous fluids, i.e., the gell.

Abstract: The bottle-type container (1,1.1) produced with a reduced material input is made of an expanded plastics material (3), has a dimensionally-resilient shell wall (2,2.1) and is provided with a metering opening (7) for metered dispensing of a liquid product contained in the container by applying a manual pressure to the container with one hand. The expanded plastics material (3) is from 10% to 30% less dense than the same plastics material in a non-expanded state, the container has a maximum container volume of 1500 ml, the shell wall (2,2.1) has thickness of from 0.5 to at maximum 1.5 mm, and the thickness of the shell wall (2,2.1) has an approximately proportional relationship to the container volume.

Abstract: Water-soluble or water-dispersible and curable polyester resins are suitable as binders in various applications. The resins are reaction products of polyterephthalate, sulfoisophthalates, polyols, polyacids, end acids and crosslinker agents. Waste terephthalates can be utilized. The preferred polyol is pentaerythritol. The resins can also be used as dye levelling agents when dyeing synthetic fibers.