Abstract: A composite material is described that contains a reinforcing resin and reinforcing fibers, wherein the reinforcing fibers have a coating containing polyphenylene sulfide and the proportion of polyphenylene sulfide relative to the uncoated fibers is 0.001 to <0.01 wt. %. The composite material shows higher apparent interlaminar shear strength and bending strength as compared with similar composite materials having no PPS coating in the above concentration range.

Abstract: Composite materials comprise nanotubes and a polymer. The nanotubes and polymer interact in an ordered fashion at an interfacial region. The interface is crystalline or semi crystalline.

Abstract: A method for the production of long, high aspect ratio boron nitride nanotubes and boron nitride nanotube fibrils composed of single or few walled boron nitride nanotubes aligned in bundles of nanotubes 20 ?m and longer at a rate of above about 1 meter per second. Nanotube yarns comprised of twisted bundles of such nanotube fibrils are also described.

Abstract: A system for synthesizing nanostructures using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is provided. The system includes a housing, a porous substrate within the housing, and on a downstream surface of the substrate, a plurality of catalyst particles from which nanostructures can be synthesized upon interaction with a reaction gas moving through the porous substrate. Electrodes may be provided to generate an electric field to support the nanostructures during growth. A method for synthesizing extended length nanostructures is also provided.

Abstract: A method for preparing single-crystalline, rare-earth metal hexaboride nanowires by a chemical vapor deposition process is described. Also described are the nanowires themselves, the electron emitting properties of the nanowires, and the use of the nanowires in electron emitting devices, particularly as point electron sources.

Abstract: The present invention provides a clad glass composition that is excellent in devitrification resistance and that prevents the whole mother glass rod from devitrifying by preventing a core glass composition from devitrifying in forming a mother glass rod using a concentric crucible drawing method. The clad glass composition forms a clad of a mother glass rod for a gradient-index rod lens having a core/clad structure. The clad glass composition includes the following components, indicated by mol %: 45 to 65% SiO2; 0.5 to 10% TiO2; 0 to 15% B2O3; 0 to 7% Al2O3; 0.1 to 10% Bi2O3; 0 to 5% Li2O; 5 to 30% Na2O; 0 to 10% K2O; 0 to 15% MgO; 0 to 10% CaO; 0 to 10% SrO; 0.

Abstract: The invention provides sharpened multi-walled nanotubes and methods for sharpening multi-walled nanotubes. The methods of the invention use an electron beam to machine the multi-walled nanotube to the desired dimensions. The invention provides sharpened boron nitride nanotubes where the radius of the end of the sharpened tip is less than about 10 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-containing slip for producing a BN-containing coating on a substrate, which comprises, based on the solids content of the slip, a) 45-90% by weight of BN, b) 3-25% by weight of boehmite nanoparticles, c) 0.5-5% by weight of at least one borate, d) 2-30% by weight of at least one water-insoluble boron compound which is different from the components a) and c), e) 2-30% by weight of an organic compound, where the solids content of the slip is 15-60% by weight. The slip according to the invention is suitable for producing self-healing and hot-flexible coatings which are outstandingly suitable for foundry applications.

Abstract: (1) A carbonaceous material for forming an electrically conductive composition, comprising a vapor grown carbon fiber, each fiber filament of the carbon fiber having an outer diameter of 2 to 500 nm and an aspect ratio of 10 to 15,000, or the carbon fiber containing boron in an amount of 0.01 to 5 mass %, and graphitic particles and/or amorphous carbon particles, wherein the amount of the vapor grown carbon fiber is 10 to 90 mass %, the amount of the graphitic particles is 0 to 65 mass %, and the amount of the amorphous carbon particles is 0 to 35 mass %; (2) an electrically conductive composition comprising the carbonaceous material for forming an electrically conductive composition, and a producing method thereof; (3) an electrically conductive coating material comprising, as an electrically conductive material, the electrically conductive composition, and an electrically conductive coating film and electric device using the electrically conductive coating material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fire resistant composition and a method of making fire resistant cellulosic materials comprising the fire resistant composition. More specifically, the invention relates to liquid compositions, including liquid compositions comprising urea and a boron-containing compound for imparting fire resistance to cellulosic products. The boron-containing compound typically comprises boric acids; borates (i.e., boric acid salts); boric oxides (i.e., any compound containing boron and oxygen), and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A hierarchical structure that has at least one carbon nanotube extending radially from a nanofiber substrate and related methods of use and manufacture.

Abstract: A laminate includes a metal layer which is formed on and covers a surface of an insulating substrate activated by a plasma treatment by any method selected from a sputtering method, a vacuum depositing method and an ion plating method. The substrate is obtained by molding a resin composition containing 20 to 150 parts by mass of a fibrous filler having an average fiber diameter of 0.1 to 5 ?m and an average fiber length of 10 to 50 ?m relative to 100 parts by mass of a base resin comprising a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin.

Abstract: Layered metal non-oxide coated substrates are disclosed comprising a three dimensional inorganic substrate having a coating of metal non-oxide derived from a pre-associated coating on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof, produced by a unique process having particular applicability to the manufacture of metal boride, carbide and nitride coated three dimensional substrates. Certain novel coated substrates, such as flakes, spheres and porous substrate are disclosed. The coated substrates are useful in polymer catalysis, heating and shielding applications.

Abstract: A fibrous reinforcing material (1) is envisaged which is produced from glass filaments (2), advantageously consisting of fragments of glass yarns (3) or of chopped yarns, having a mean diameter of greater than five micrometers and a mean length of greater than six millimeters. The process comprises a selection step (4a, 4b) during which the glass yarns (3) consisting of filaments having a diameter greater than or equal to five micrometers and less than or equal to twenty-four micrometers are chosen, optionally a step (5) of mixing the selected yarns, and a milling step (6) during which the mixed yarns are chopped into filaments (2) having a length of greater than or equal to six millimeters. Advantageously, the fibrous material is in the form of flakes.

Abstract: An antibacterial fiber and twisted yarn having an antibacterial imparting glass composition complexed therewith. The glass composition comprises 0.1-5.0 % by weight of Ag2O in a composition containing 45-67 mol % of P2O5, 5-20 mol % of A12O3, 1-22 mol % of one or more selected from MgO, CaO and ZnO, and 1-20 mol % of B2O3. An antibacterial fiber contains the antibacterial imparting glass composition in a ratio of 0.1-2.5%.

Abstract: A carbon material is formed by heat-treating a carbonaceous material in a reaction mix of boron oxide or its precursors and ammonia-generating phases such as melamine or its like in a nitrogen atmosphere to temperatures of 1600 to 2000° C. The surface of the carbonaceous material is transformed into a carbon material that is resistant to oxidation to temperatures of 900° C., enabling machined components to be utilized for weeks at that temperature. The carbon material also is stable in inert or vacuum environments to temperatures in the range of 1500 to 2000° C., enabling its use as aluminum evaporative boats and the like.

Abstract: An antibacterial cloth having an antibacterial imparting glass composition complexed therewith. The glass composition comprises 0.1-5.0% by weight of Ag2O in a composition containing 45-67 mol % of P2O5, 5-20 mol % of Al2O3, 1-22 mol % of one or ore selected from MgO, CaO and ZnO, and 1-20 mol % of B2O3. An antibacterial fiber contains the antibacterial imparting glass composition in a ratio of 0.1-2.5%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nonflammable epoxy resin composition for using a thin copper film laminate, which is applied to a printed circuit board (PCB), and using the same. The present invention provides for nonflammable epoxy resin composition for using a thin copper film laminate, comprising bisphenol A-type epoxy resin, multifunctional epoxy resin, an imidazole-based curing catalyst, and a curing retarder, and using the same. As described above, since the ring-open of the epoxy group is prompted by an imidazole catalyst, without the use of dicyandiamide, epoxy polymer reaction occurs due to the chain-reaction of epoxy group, and the glass-transition temperature is 170° C. or greater, the nonflammable epoxy resin composition for using a thin copper film of the present invention has a strong heat-resistance, lower dielectric constant, controllable gelation time, and does not require the use of non-harmful catalysts to the human body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a powder comprising boron nitride particles having an aspect ratio of from about 50 to about 300. The present invention also relates to a method of making delaminated boron nitride powder. This method involves providing boron nitride powder and milling the boron nitride powder in a mixture including a milling media and a milling liquid under conditions effective to produce delaminated boron nitride powder.

Abstract: A reinforcing fiber, in particular for fiber composite materials, has a core which is provided with a layer of a pyrolysable binder. A coating of pyrolytic carbon or sugar is provided between the core and the layer fiber strands are provided with reinforcing fibers of this type and fiber strands are coated in this way. Fiber composite materials can be prepared with these reinforcing fibers. Processes for producing reinforcing fibers and composite materials involve coating fiber strands.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polycrystalline hexagonal boron nitride compound comprising fine crystals of the order of nanometers. The present invention also provides a hexagonal boron nitride characterized in that the boron nitride is 20 to 200 nm in mean particle size and comprises at least 80 wt. % of particles having sizes in the range of the mean particle size±30%. The present invention further provides a fine hexagonal boron nitride powder characterized in that the powder comprises particles in the form of circular disks or elliptical disks having a minor axis La, a major axis Lb and a thickness t which satisfy the following expressions. 50 nm≦La≦Lb≦400 nm 20 nm≦t≦150 nm t≦La 0.5≦La/Lb≦1.0.

Abstract: One-dimensional nanostructures having uniform diameters of less than approximately 200 nm. These inventive nanostructures, which we refer to as “nanowires”, include single-crystalline homostructures as well as heterostructures of at least two single-crystalline materials having different chemical compositions. Because single-crystalline materials are used to form the heterostructure, the resultant heterostructure will be single-crystalline as well. The nanowire heterostructures are generally based on a semiconducting wire wherein the doping and composition are controlled in either the longitudinal or radial directions, or in both directions, to yield a wire that comprises different materials. Examples of resulting nanowire heterostructures include a longitudinal heterostructure nanowire (LOHN) and a coaxial heterostructure nanowire (COHN).

Abstract: A method of fabricating a ceramic structure as well as a pre-ceramic preimpregnated composite material incorporating a continuous woven fiber and a discontinuous fiber pre-ceramic matrix for subsequent curing and component construction. The method includes preparation of a mixture of discontinuous fibers, fillers, and a pre-ceramic precursor resin where the precursor resin is present in a quantity sufficient to substantially saturate subsequently adjacent woven fiber lengths, and thereafter introducing the mixture to a situs between an upper length of woven fiber and a lower length of woven fiber in alignment with each other while effectuating linear movement of these woven fiber lengths and moving the lengths toward each other for compression and retention in a sandwich configuration to thereby fabricate a pre-ceramic preimpregnated composite material. The material is cut to size in accord with the configuration of a part to be manufactured, formed into a green-state structure, and cured.

Abstract: A fine carbon fiber having a multilayer structure having stacked cylindrical carbon sheets and a center axis having a hollow structure. The fine carbon fiber has an outer diameter of 2 to 300 nm and an aspect ratio of 10 to 15,000, and at least one cylindrical carbon sheet layer among the multiple layers is folded at an end part of the carbon fiber and continued to another cylindrical carbon sheet. The folded and continued cylindrical carbon sheets form a cylindrical structure opened at the end part.

Abstract: This invention pertains to ceramic matrix composites that comprise the coated ceramic fibers wherein the coating comprises at least one binary coating of boron nitride (BN) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) within ceramic matrices derived from curable preceramic polymers. The composites can be formed into complex shapes which have good oxidation resistance at high temperature, good resistance to moisture high flexural strength and are resistant to moisture.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polycrystalline hexagonal boron nitride compound comprising fine crystals of the order of nanometers. The present invention also provides a hexagonal boron nitride characterized in that the boron nitride is 20 to 200 nm in mean particle size and comprises at least 80 wt. % of particles having sizes in the range of the mean particle size ±30%. The present invention further provides a fine hexagonal boron nitride powder characterized in that the powder comprises particles in the form of circular disks or elliptical disks having a minor axis La, a major axis Lb and a thickness t which satisfy the following expressions 50 nm≦La≦Lb≦400 nm 20 nm≦t≦150 nm t≦La 0.5≦La/Lb≦1.0.

Abstract: The invention provides a resin composition for a fiber reinforced composite which can be used to produce a prepreg excellent in tackiness, drapability and windability around a mandrel, and also provides a prepreg in which reinforcing fibers are impregnated with a resin composition, and a fiber reinforced composite obtained from them. The resin composition includes a thermosetting resin and a thermoplastic resin with a weight average molecular weight of 200,000 to 5,000,000.

Abstract: A method of reusing a coated substrate having a surface coating fixed to the material substrate surface, comprising the steps: (a) allowing the coated substrate, which carries deposits on its surface, to swell as a coated composition to which said deposits adhere, and (b) drying said coated substrate to reuse said coated substrate wherein the coated substrate comprises a material substrate and a coating composition fixed to the surface of said material substrate, said coating composition comprising a crosslinked water swellable hydrophilic resin which is solid in air at ambient temperature and from which surface deposits are readily removable, such that said coated material substrate is reusable, and wherein the condition of said swellable hydrophilic resin is such that while said hydrophilic resin swells in the presence of water it is not washed away from said surface of said material substrate by water when the deposits are readily removed with water.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention includes a method of forming a material containing carbon and boron, comprising: a) providing a substrate within a chemical vapor deposition chamber; b) flowing a carbon and boron precursor into the chamber, the precursor being a compound that comprises both carbon and boron; and c) utilizing the precursor to chemical vapor deposit a material onto the substrate, the material comprising carbon and boron. In another aspect, the invention includes a method of forming a catalyst, comprising: a) providing a substrate within a chemical vapor deposition chamber; b) flowing a carbon and boron precursor into the chamber, the precursor being a compound that comprises both carbon and boron; c) utilizing the precursor to chemical vapor deposit a first material onto the substrate, the first material comprising carbon and boron; and d) coating the first material with a catalytic material.

Abstract: A nanoscale carbide article consisting essentially of covalently bounded elements M1, M2, and C having the molar ratio M1:M2:C::1:y:x, wherein the article has an aspect ratio of between 10 and 1000 and has a shorter axis of between 1 and 40 nanometers.

Abstract: A sheet- or web-shaped packaging blank (10) of a laminate including a core layer (11) and a layer of a moisture-sensitive gas barrier material (13), in which the gas barrier layer is disposed between two layers (14, 15) of a moisture-resistant material and is omitted in narrow strip shaped regions (16a, 16b) along both longitudinal edges of the packaging blank. The moisture-sensitive gas barrier layer (13) will by such means be encapsulated between moisture-resistant material and well protected against the action of ambient moisture also along the longitudinal, exposed incision edges of the packaging blank. The moisture-sensitive gas barrier material preferably substantially comprises PVOH and is applied preferably by means of coating in the form of an aqueous dispersion and subsequent drying.

Abstract: An adhesive fluororesin (A) comprising an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer having at least one characteristic selected from the group consisting of a melt flow characteristic which is a melt flow rate of at least 40 and an infrared absorption characteristic which is a distinct absorption peak within a wavenumber range of from 1,720 to 1,800 cm.sup.-1 in its infrared absorption spectrum.

Abstract: A multilayered packaging material, in particular for flexible packagings, comprising when seen from the outer face to the inner face an outer, substantially transparent film (1) having a reverse print (2) on its inwardly facing surface; an intermediate layer (3, 4) connected to the printed surface of the outer film (1) and applied in fluid form to the inner, printed surface of the outer film (1); a metallization layer (5) connected to the inner face of the gas barrier layer (3) and an inner sealing medium layer (7), preferably in form of a polyolefine.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-layer laminate consisting essentially of:(A) a layer formed from an ethylene/cycloolefin random copolymer which is a copolymer of ethylene and a cycloolefin represented by a specific formula (e.g., tetracyclododecene), or a layer formed from a cycloolefin resin which is a graft modified product of the ethylene/cycloolefin random copolymer, or a layer formed from a cycloolefin resin composition comprising the cycloolefin resin and a polyolefin, and(B) a barrier layer consisting essentially of ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyvinylidene chloride, or polyacrylonitrile, with the barrier layer having an oxygen permeability, as measured at 23.degree. C. and RH of 0%, of not more than 10 cc(STP).mm/m.sup.2.24 hr.atm; said multi-layer laminate having a moisture permeability of not more than 0.2 g.mm/m.sup.2.24 hr.atm and an oxygen permeability of not more than 5 cc(STP).mm/m.sup.2.24 hr.atm. This multi-layer laminate has excellent gas-barrier properties and high rigidity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metal chelate forming fiber in which a reactive functional group in a molecule in the surface of the fiber is substituted with an acyl group represented by the following formula [1]: ##STR1## (where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 respectively are a lower alkylene group, and n is an integer of 1 to 4.) The present also provides a method for preparing the fiber, and a process for treating waste water using the fiber where metal ions contained in the waste water are allowed to be captured by the acyl group.

Abstract: A yellow-resistant vinyl film laminate comprising a plasticized polyvinylchloride layer and a UV cured top which contains active UV-activatable, free radical-generating species, wherein the free radical-generating species and the plasticizer are sufficiently immiscible so as to avoid reactions in the presence of UV light which produce yellowing of the polyvinylchloride layer.

Abstract: A multi-layer closure liner for carbonated beverage containers and the like, including a gas barrier layer, a first tie layer on an upper surface of the gas barrier layer, a second tie layer on a lower surface of the gas barrier layer, a first polyolefinic resin layer on the upper surface of the first tie layer, and a second polyolefinic layer on the lower surface of the second tie layer. In the preferred embodiment, the gas barrier layer is ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), the first and second tie layers are functionalized polyolefin and the first and second polyolefinic resin layers are ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). The layers defining the closure liner are preferably simultaneously formed using a co-extrusion process to prevent the gas barrier layer from being exposed to moisture.

Abstract: An oxygen-absorbing label consisting of a base sheet, adhesive on the base sheet for securing the base sheet to an internal surface of a container, an oxygen-absorbing composition on the base sheet, and a cover sheet secured to the base sheet to confine the oxygen-absorbing composition therebetween, the cover sheet being fabricated of material which will permit oxygen to pass therethrough but will not stain due to the oxidation of the oxygen-absorbing composition or due to contact with materials in the container. A plurality of the foregoing labels are mounted on a web to be used with conventional labeling equipment.

Abstract: A film having one or more polyolefin layers, and a barrier coating. At least one polyolefin layer has a surface for receiving barrier coatings, and which includes a polyolefin and a hydrocarbon resin; the barrier coating is situated adjacent to this surface. The film has a WVTR, measured according to ASTM F1249-90, of less than about 0.47 gm/m.sup.2 /day.

Abstract: A carbon--carbon composite clutch friction material for use with a wet lubricant under severe operating conditions is disclosed, the material comprising a woven carbon fabric mesh (suitably a satin weave mesh) infiltrated with pyrolytic carbon to an unusually high density in the range of at least 1.3 g/cc to about 1.5 g/cc. By infiltrating the woven carbon fabric with carbon to such high density, a wear-resistant friction material is provided that still retains enough surface texture for lubricant transport.

Abstract: This invention relates to an economical coating composition for porous substrates that provides extremely glossy surfaces, is capable of supporting holographic images, provides good oxygen barrier properties as well as good oil, grease, solvent and water resistance. Said coatings on paper substrates are printable, biodegradable, recyclable, and repulpable. They are also suitable for use in conjunction with food products. This invention also relates to a process for applying said coatings onto porous substrates as well as a process for the economical production of inexpensive holographic images on substrates such as paper and cardboard containers.

Abstract: Apparatus for unit cavity and multi-cavity, multi-layer injection molding and injection blow molding machines are provided, which in preferred embodiments, include:co-injection nozzle means including multi-polymer co-injection nozzles comprising an assembly of shells, and having fixed, tapered passageways communicating with annular orifices close to the nozzle gate and to each other, and polymer flow balancing and directing means in the passageways in the form of concentric and eccentric chokes;valve means for each co-injection nozzle, operative in the nozzle central channel to and adapted to be moved to different positions to block and unblock the nozzle orifices, and, in each nozzle to controls the initiation, flow and termination of flow of a plurality of polymer flow streams, comprised of an elongated sleeve having an axial central passageway and a port in its side wall and axially-reciprocable within the nozzle central channel, and, either a solid pin within and fixed relative to the sleeve, or, more pre

Abstract: An anode in a channel of a PALC display panel is composed of an electrically conductive core and a protective coating made of a material that is electrically conductive and is non-reactive with hydrogen.

Abstract: A gas barrier material having an oxygen permeability of not higher than 30 ml.multidot.20 .mu.m/m.sup.2 .multidot.day.multidot.atm measured at 20.degree. C., 100% RH, which comprises a polymer containing not less than 30 mol % of repeating units of formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-2 alkyl group, and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-3 alkyl group.This gas barrier material exhibits very good gas barrier properties under conditions of high humidity, and it possesses superior clarity and melt moldability.

Abstract: Inherently low orientation sheet is produced by extruding a thermoplastic material in its melt phase onto the surface of a chill roller and thereafter solidifying the sheet at a relatively slow chill rate. Importantly, the just extruded thermoplastic polymeric sheet (i.e., the melt) is urged into continuous surface-to-surface contact with the chill roll by a curtain of air impinging upon the sheet at a velocity sufficient to ensure such continuous surface-to-surface contact between the sheet and the chill roll, but insufficient to impart substantial stress to the sheet. In such a manner, therefore, the resulting sheet will exhibit a low inherent internal stress level as evidenced by an unusually low shrink rate (ASTM D-1204) of less than about 18%.

Abstract: A method of forming a multi-layer polyester preform and container, particularly suitable for refillable PET carbonated beverage bottles, having an interior layer of high copolymer polyester material which resists hazing in the preform injection stage, and at least one exterior layer of a polyester to achieve enhanced strain-induced crystallization in the exterior layer during blow molding. The container can withstand higher caustic wash temperatures and exhibits reduced flavor carryover from one product to another.

Abstract: A cylindrical rotating body (1) of low inertia is provided including a cylindrical body (1) having a large length/diameter ratio. The cylindrical body (1) is of thin wall thickness and is sealed at the opposite ends by sealing means (3, 8). The hollow interior (9) of the cylindrical body (1) is loaded with a pressurized medium (10).

Abstract: The present invention provides a multiple layer structure for fabricating medical products. The layer structure has a core layer of an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer having an ethylene content of about 25-45 mole percent, a solution contact layer of a polyolefin positioned on a first side of the core layer, an outer layer positioned on a second side of the core layer opposite the solution contact layer, the outer layer being selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyesters and polyolefins; two tie layers--one of each adhered to the first and second sides of the core layer and positioned between the solution contact layer and the core layer and between the outer layer and the core layer, and wherein the structure is produced in a cast coextrusion process.

Abstract: A system and method for rapidly labeling a blow-molded hollow container made of a plastic composition subject to out-gassing after de-molding. Otherwise, conventional high speed silk screen labeling technology and processing is employed shortly after container fabrication de-molding in order to accurately deposit a continuous liquid layer of conventional silk screen ink over an external container surface area designated for application thereon of a self-adhering pre-printed label. The label is rapidly and accurately transfer applied over the silk screen coated area immediately after the same has dried, and even while out-gassing is still occurring from the de-molded to container. However, the protective ink barrier coating prevents formation of bubbles beneath the label. Those gases in the container wall resident beneath the label-affixed area can then nevertheless out-gas by migrating out of the container internal wall surface.

Abstract: Dental adhesive container dropping system, characterized by the combination of (a) a dental adhesive polymerizable with visible light dissolved in acetone or acetic acid ethyl ester; (b) a light impermeable bottle (1) for the dental-adhesive, elastically deformable for the drop formation, with a laminated wall (3) comprising (b1) at least one polymer layer (15) impermeable to acetone or acetic acid ethyl ester, and (b2) at least one light impermeable, elastically deformable polymer layer (13); (b3) a compatibilizer guaranteeing the laminate structure and which can be formed as at least one intermediate layer (17) or which can be admixed to the elastically deformable polymer layer (13); (c) a light impermeable and evaporation-proofsealable dropper insert (20) of light impermeable plastic material with a dropper conduit (50) enlarging from the inner to the outer part, whereby; (c1) the diameter at the inlet end corresponds to the desired drop size; and, (c2) the diameter at the discharge end is within the range