Abstract: A multiple layer article of a thermoformable structural polymeric layer which is susceptible to damage upon exposure to hydrohalocarbon blowing agents and a polymeric layer which is a barrier to such hydrohalocarbon blowing agents provides a useful refrigerator liner. Related structures are useful for preventing the migration of hydrohalocarbons.

Abstract: A composite material is disclosed which includes a sheet of a prepreg including a multitude of substantially uniaxially oriented filaments having a diameter of 3-16 .mu.m and impregnated with a thermosetting resin, and a multiplicity of metal single fibers having a diameter of 50-300 .mu.m and bonded to at least one surface of the sheet with the thermosetting resin, the single fibers being spaced apart from each other with a predetermined space and arranged substantially in parallel with the filaments.

Abstract: A blend of 5 to 95 percent of an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and 95 to 5 percent of an amorphous polyamide having fewer than about 0.100 equivalents of carboxyl end groups per kilogram of polyamide exhibits improved oxidative and thermal stability. The blend is useful for preparing films and multiple layered structures including thermoformed structures and oriented shrink films.

Abstract: A vessel for aerosol is manufactured by a high-nitryl resin which is formed by graft polymerizing a mixture of monomers of a 60 to 90 weight part comprising an unsaturated nitryl compound of at least 60 weight % and an aromatic vinyl compound of at least 5 weight % to diene synthetic rubber of a 1 to 40 weight part containing a conjugated diene monomer of 50 weight % or more, wherein assuming that a content of the unsaturated nitryl compound in the resin grafted to the rubber is set to X weight % in the high-nitryl resin and a content of the unsaturated nitryl compound in the matrix resin is set to Y weight %, the vessel is manufactured by the resin which satisfies the relation of60<X<Y<90between X and Y.

Abstract: A blend consisting essentially of a major portion of an amorphous polyamide and a minor portion of an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer exhibits gas barrier properties which are less dependent on humidity than are those of either of the component polymers. Films and laminated structures which incorporate the material of these blends are suitable for use as packaging materials.

Abstract: A sealing composition for a container closure comprises a polymeric matrix material and its oxygen permeability is reduced by incorporating ethylene vinyl alcohol polymer into the composition. The composition can be in fluid or meltable form ready for application to a closure or it can be present as a deposit on the closure, for instance a gasket around the closure.

Abstract: A polyamide-based multilayered tubular packaging casing for pasty matter, in particular a synthetic sausage casing, is disclosed having an outer layer comprised of aliphatic polyamide, aliphatic copolyamide or a polymer blend comprising at least one of these compounds, an intermediate layer that is impermeable to water vapor and comprised of a polyolefin and an adhesion-promoting agent, and an inner layer that is preferably impermeable to oxygen and comprised of aliphatic and/or partially aromatic polyamides and/or aliphatic and/or partially aromatic copolyamides.

Abstract: A composite hose comprising an inner helical core (1) made of metal, a plurality of layers of plastics material fibres and films (2, 2a, 2b, 2c) wound on the helical core (1), at least one layer of glass cloth (3) and at least one layer (4) of aluminium foil disposed adjacent one another and wound onto the layers of plastics material fibres and films (2) and an outer helical former (7) made of metallic material.In an alternative embodiment, at least one layer of ceramic fibres (5) is wound around the plastics material, which layer (5) is covered by at least one winding of a protective layer (6a; 6b).Such hoses are made by winding the layers successively one upon another on a rotating mandrel.

Abstract: The flexible multilayer structures comprise a layer of vinylidene chloride copolymer bonded to a layer of plasticized vinyl chloride polymer with the aid of a polymeric adhesive consisting of a mixture of vinyl acetate polymer and of polymethyl methacrylate, for which the product of the vinyl acetate weight content, expressed in per cent, multiplied by the dynamic viscosity at 100.degree. C. and 1 s.sup.-1, expressed in kPa s, is greater than 1.3.times.10.sup.3.The flexible multilayer structures may be in the form of films, sheets, cartons or flexible pouches which can be employed in the packaging field.

Abstract: Multilayer polymer material with barrier properties containing a layer (a) of a polymer with barrier properties and a layer (b) of copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride.The polymer of layer (a) is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl alcohol and the said material also has a lyer (c) of a copolymer of ethylene containing units derived from an unsatured dicarboxylic acid anhydride and layer (c) is in contact with layer (a).

Abstract: Polyethers having improved barrier to oxygen are normally solid, thermoplastic polyethers having backbone repeating units of m-phenylene, p-phenylene, carbonyldiphenylene and/or sulfonyldiphenyl and pendent hydroxyl moieties. Such polyethers are prepared by reacting diglycidyl ethers of dihydric aromatic compounds such as the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with resorcinol.

Abstract: A container providing controlled atmospheric storage of produce (i.e., fresh fruits, vegetables and flowers) to improve retention of product freshness by adjusting the carbon dioxide to oxygen ratio, for the storage of said produce, can be attained and maintained, thereby retarding premature maturation and spoilage. The environment is controlled by providing a microporous membrane panel of a uniaxially or biaxially oriented microporous polyolefin coated with a cured silicone elastomer, said panel being of limited carbon dioxide and oxygen permeance on an otherwise substantially impermeable container. The size of the area of the panel is a function of its permeance, the amount and respiration rate of the contents, and the ratio of carbon dioxide to oxygen desired.

Abstract: In a plastic multi-layer vessel, by forming a layer of a resin composition formed by incorporating an oxygen scavenger, optionally with a water-absorbing agent, in a gas barrier resin, a combination layer comprising a layer of a gas barrier thermoplastic resin and a layer of a resin composition formed by incorporating an oxygen scavenger in a moisture-absorbing thermoplastic resin, or a combination layer comprising a layer of a resin composition formed by incorporating an oxygen scavenger into a gas barrier resin and a layer of a resin composition formed by incorporating an water-absorbing agent into a thermoplastic resin, the resistance against the permeation of oxygen under heat sterilization conditions and after the heat sterilization can be highly improved, and the quantity of oxygen in the vessel can be controlled to a very low level.

Abstract: An article of manufacture which includes a barrier layer formed of a high density polyethylene composition comprising:from about 50 to about 95 weight percent of high density polyethylene;from about 5 to 40 weight percent of polyisobutylene rubber; andfrom about 1 to about 30 weight percent of a filler selected from the group consisting of mica, talc and mixtures thereof,the barrier layer having excellent oxygen permeation resistance.The article of manufacture may be a mono- or multi-ply layer, such as a blow-molded bottle.

Abstract: Hydroxy-functional poly(ether sulfonamides) prepared by polymerizing an N,N'-dialkyl or N,N'-diaryldisulfonamide with a diepoxide in the presence of a suitable catalyst exhibit high barrier properties. These are suitable for use in the manufacture of articles such as rigid containers and flexible films exhibiting high barrier to oxygen.

Abstract: A polyvinyl choride resin pipe serves as an inner lining material for the existing pipes. The resin pipe is formed of a resin composition which comprises as a main component either a polyvinyl chloride having a degree of polymerization DP of 600 to 1,050, or a mixture of 40 to 60% by weight of a polyvinyl chloride having a lower average degree of polymerization DP.sub.L of 400 to 600 and 60 to 40% by weight of another polyvinyl chloride having a higher average degree of polymerization DP.sub.H of 1,050 to 1,350. The resin composition further comprises 3 to 25 parts by weight of a modifying agent blended with 100 parts by weight of the main component. The modifying agent is composed of MMA- and/or MBS-modifiers.

Abstract: A multiple layer sheet material comprising a first layer 12 of vinylidene chloride copolymer having a first softening temperature. A second polymeric sealant layer 14 has a second softening temperature no more than about 50.degree. C. less than the first softening temperature. An optional third layer 16 between the first and second layers has a third softening temperature greater than either of the first and second softening temperatures and comprises a polyethylene terephthalate composition. A fourth polymeric layer 18 has a fourth softening temperature greater than the first and second softening temperatures. The first layer is positioned between the third and fourth layers. A fifth impact layer 20 is positioned between layers 14 and 16.

Abstract: Thermodynamically stable ceramic composites are provided for use in high temperature oxidizing environments. The composites comprise high strength alumina fibers (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) in a ceramic matrix. The ceramic matrix comprises material similar to the fibers to improve compatibility of the composite materials. A material selected from the .beta.-alumina and magnetoplumbite family of materials is used to provide a weakly bonded interface between the fibers and the ceramic matrix. .beta.-aluminas and magnetoplumbites have weak layers as an intrinsic characteristic of their crystal structure, which comprise spinel layers (basically Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) separated by very weakly bonded planes containing the .beta.-forming ions. The weak planes of these materials allow preferential debonding and sliding, and thus inhibit crack growth across the interface between the fibers and the ceramic matrix. The alumina fibers can be coated with .beta.

Abstract: A layer (16) forming interphase in a material having a lamellar structure is situated between the fibers of the texture and the matrix, and at least one layer (14) forming control interphase is situated between the surface of the fibers (10) and the lamellar interphase (16) in such a way as to define, for those cracks which have spread through the matrix (18) and the lamellar interphase (16), a preferential propagation zone away from direct contact with the actual fibers (10).

Abstract: A composite integral sheet of wrap material which includes a first layer of absorbent material, a second layer of printable material and an impermeable pigmented polymer layer interposed between the first and second layers. The composite wrap material has a plurality of air pockets formed between at least one of the first or second layers and the polymer layer, by discontinuously bonding the first or second layers to the polymer material. A method of making the composite integral sheet.

Abstract: Small diameter fibers formed from the use of laser energy and gaseous reactants and are disclosed. Also disclosed is an apparatus and method for the formation of continuous, substrate free, crystalline or amorphous fibers. Materials which can be formed into small diameter fibers include boron, silicon, germanium, zinc, tungsten, cadium, gallium, thenium, and compounds and mixtures thereof. The fibers have a diameter of about 10 micrometers to about 170 micrometers. The apparatus for producing the fibers includes a laser, a reaction chamber, and gas supply means. The laser beam has a focal point adjusted to coincide with the tip of the growing fiber, the focal point of the laser creating a region of elevated temperature at the fiber tip.

Abstract: A bottle type container is fabricated by blow molding a continuous wall liner of thermoplastic polymer integrally to the interior wall surface of an oppositely matched pair of paperboard cladding jackets. Paperboard cladding jackets respective to each pair are joined substantially edge-to-edge along the meeting seam exclusively by the continuous liner wall lap. For container stability when resting on a flat surface, at least one folded ridge is formed in the bottom edge panel of both jackets.

Abstract: A process for producing fibres composed of or coated with carbides or nitrides. The process involves forming a first reaction zone containing microfine particles of an oxide (or oxide precursor) of silicon or a suitable metal (e.g. boron) uniformly mixed with carbon (or a carbon precursor); forming a second reaction zone comprising a layer having a thickness of 1 cm or less of a porous mass having a density of 1 g/cc or less formed of short or continuous fibres made of or coated with carbon (or carbon precursor); heating the first reaction zone in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to generate a gaseous sub-oxide of the silicon or metal; simultaneously heating the second reaction zone so that the gaseous sub-oxide diffuses into it and reacts with the carbon to form carbide or nitride on the fibres; and separating the resulting fibres from any carbide or nitride whiskers that may have formed in the second rection zone. Short or continuous fibres (e.g.

Abstract: A large size container made of laminate including a layer (A) of modified polyolefin modified with 0.005 to 1.0 wt. % unsaturated carboxylic acid and a layer (B) of a mixture of (i) 50 to 95 wt. % polyamide and (ii) 5 to 50 wt. % polyolefin modified with 0.01 to 1.0 wt. % unsaturated carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A method of producing a ceramic fiber/ceramic matrix composite having a precracked fiber coating includes depositing a metal coating or a metal nitride or metal carbide coating on each ceramic fiber in a preform of fibers, infiltrating the fiber preform with a ceramic matrix to form a ceramic fiber/ceramic matrix composite, after the formation of the composite is complete, oxidizing the coating so as to change the coating to an oxide thereof. This process forms microcracks throughout the oxidized coating because of the mismatch in characteristics between the precursor layer and the final oxidized layer. An alternative method of producing a ceramic fiber/ceramic matrix composite having a precracked fiber coating includes depositing an oxidation resistant oxide, carbide or nitride which undergoes a destructive phase transformation after the coating and matrix infiltration processes are complete by the use of thermal cycling.

Abstract: A blend consisting essentially of a major portion of an amorphous polyamide and a minor portion of an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer exhibits gas barrier properties which are less dependent on humidity than are those of either of the component polymers. Films and laminated structures which incorporate the material of these blends are suitable for use as packaging materials.

Abstract: A blood platelet preserving container formed of a flexible vinyl chloride resin composition containing 1 to 30% by weight, based on the total amount of vinyl chloride resin component, of cross-linked vinyl chloride resin particles having an average diameter in the range of 2 to 30 .mu.m and provided on the inner wall surface thereof with minute protuberances, and a method thereof.

Abstract: Presented in this invention are a bottle made of polyethylene naphthalate resin and formed by stretching a preform so that the stretch index defined as follows be 130 cm or more, wherein gas barrier properties are improved greatly.

Abstract: In a batch package 20 which includes a stack 6 of individual packages 16, the external film 17 as well as the multilayer film 2 of the individual film 16 include several layers which are bonded to each other. The core layer 3 is made of a polypropylene polymer, the external layers 4, 5 of one of the films are made of a polypropylene copolymer or terpolymer consisting of ethylene or olefins which have 4 to 10 C-atoms, the external layer 21, 22 of the second film are made of acrylic resin. During heat sealing and shrinkage, the external layers 4, 5, 21, 22 of one film are bonded to each other, respectively; however, they are not bonded to the external layers of the second film; i.e. even after the shrinkage and heat sealing the external film 17 is not joined to the individual package 16 and the multilayer film 2 enclosing the latter.

Abstract: A bladder for a game ball is formed from a composite film which is made from a mixture of polyurethane and polyvinylchloride.

Abstract: A novel sulfone compound represented by the general formula (I) or (II) is disclosed. A sizing liquid containing the sulfone compound is applied to reinforcing fibers for improving compatibility thereof to a matrix resin into which the fibers are to be incorporated to form a fiber-reinforced composite material.

Abstract: The liquid colorant dispersion intended to be incorporated in plastic materials prior to their transformation and intended to color in bulk these plastic materials comprises a vehicle principally comprising a terpene oil based on pinene and colorant materials. An ethoxylated alkylphenol and other surface-active constituents selected from the group comprising sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate, sodium benzoate, fatty acid condensates, phosphoric ester and alkylpolyalkoxylate may be added to the vehicle. This dispersion compatible with conventional polymers permits obtaining products of a homogeneous coloration, without surface alteration and without distortions.

Abstract: A retortable container has a wall of at least two co-formed laminas. This wall is highly impermeable to fluids selected from the group consisting of oxygen and aromatic vapors. The wall includes a first load-carrying lamina of a first plastic material. This load-carrying lamina has been formed without mechanical hysteresis in the melt phase by a thermal pressure forming apparatus to cause strengthening with orientation of the load-carrying lamina in at least one axis but without memory of its pre-melt phase shape. The wall also includes a second sealing lamina of a second plastic material. This second sealing lamina is coextensive with the first load-carrying lamina. Consequently, the container formed by the apparatus is retortable, i.e. it can withstand temperatures and pressures of a retort chamber without undergoing significant and permanent distortion.

Abstract: Vinylidene chloride methyl acrylate copolymer coextruded with second and third different polymeric compositions in fabrication of multiple layer films. The third layer is between the first and second layers. The second composition can have a melting temperature greater than 204.degree. C., and can be, for example, polyester, polyamide, or polycarbonate. Preferred films contain at least five layers, at least one of which has a typical extrusion processing temperature higher than the typical extrusion processing temperature of the VDC-MA. Methods of fabricating such films are also disclosed.

Abstract: Multilayer structures suitable for food packaging is provided, wherein barrier layers of SiO and SiO.sub.2 are successively vacuum deposited on a resin substrate such as PET film. This combination of silicon oxide layers provides economical, color-free, microwaveable packaging. Barrier properties of the packaging after retorting can be improved by incorporation of a dopant of metallic material in the SiO.sub.2 layer.

Abstract: A high density, blow molded container for maple syrup having a thin, oxygen-barrier coating layer of polyvinylidene chloride copolymer bonded to the exterior surface. A method of providing an extended shelf life maple syrup jug which comprises applying, such as by dipping, a polyvinylidene chloride copolymer coating layer onto the treated exterior surface of a high density polyethylene maple syrup jug.

Abstract: An article which becomes lubricious when wet includes a base polymer and a coating composition thereon. The composition includes a lubricating polymer and a matrix polymer which adheres to the base polymer and serves as a carrier for the lubricating polymer. The composition may also include a homogenizing polymer to enhance the compatibility of the matrix and lubricating polymer. The invention includes a method to make the article of the invention by coextruding the base polymer and the coating composition.

Abstract: A multi-layer film useful in vacuum skin packaging and other vacuum packaging applications, and having a combination of good implosion resistance, formability and high oxygen barrier characteristics, includes a core layer having an oxygen barrier material, intermediate layers of EVA or other ethylene homopolymer or copolymers, polymeric adhesive layers which bond the intermediate layers to respective surfaces of the core layer, a first outer heat-sealable layer, a second outer heat resistant layer, and two moisture resistant layers disposed between respective outer and intermediate layers.

Abstract: This invention provides a gas-barrier multilayered packaging material which comprises an outer layer of a composition comprising 55-97 wt % of an EVCOH and 45-3 wt % of a resin selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyolefin, polyester and polycarbonate and an inner layer comprising a hydrophobic thermoplastic resin having a low moisture permeability; and further provides a gas-barrier multilayered packaging material which comprises an outer layer comprising a resin layer having a moisture permeability (measured at 40.degree. C., 90% RH) of at least 40 g/m.sup.2 day, an intermediate layer of a composition comprising 55 to 97% by weight of an EVOH and 45 to 3% by weight of a resin selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyolefin, polyester and polycarbonate and an inner layer comprising a hydrophobic thermoplastic resin layer having a moisture permeability lower than that of the outer layer.

Abstract: Novel ceramic materials include a boron nitride matrix and an amount of silicon values, such ceramic materials comprising a core volume having an external sheath layer on an outer face surface thereof, with the majority of said silicon values being distributed throughout the external layer.

Abstract: A food packaging material that has a plurality of porous polymeric beads impregnated with an anti-oxidant, or oxygen scavenger compound.

Abstract: A process for the production of boron nitride is carried out by condensing a mixture of a B-tris-(loweralkylamino)borazine with an alkylamine in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 150.degree. C. or above to prepare a precursor, forming the precursor into a desired shape and then slowly heating the shaped precursor in an ammonia gas atmosphere until the precursor changes to a white boron nitride product.The shaped boron nitride in a form of fiber is particularly useful as a reinforcement.

Abstract: The present invention provides fiber-reinforced ceramics containing at least one member of fibers and whiskers as distributed in a sintering ceramic matrix, which comprises the ceramic matrix being composed mainly of SiC, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 and Si.sub.6-z Al.sub.z O.sub.z N.sub.8-z, where 0<z.ltoreq.4, the fibers and the whiskers being composed of at least one of SiC, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 and Si.sub.6-z Al.sub.z O.sub.z N.sub.8-z, where 0<z.ltoreq.4, and a coating film of C, B or BN being provided on the surfaces of the fibers and the whiskers. The fiber-reinforced ceramics have a high fracture toughness, K.sub.1c, and a high bending strength, particularly K.sub.1c of at least 10 MN/m.sup.3/2 and a bending strength of at least 50 kg/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: A laminar article of a base polyolefin, a condensation polymer incompatible with the base polyolefin and an alkylcarboxyl-substituted polyolefin is stretched 2 to 6 times its dimensions above a temperature at which a significant portion of the crystals of the base polyolefin have melted and below a temperature at which all of the crystals have melted.

Abstract: A composite comprised of a ceramic matrix and a plurality of layers of boron nitride coated fibrous material, said coated fibrous material comprising at least about 10% by volume of said composite, and said matrix having a thermal expansion coefficient which ranges from lower than that of said coated fibrous material to less than about 15% higher than that of said coated fibrous material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a wall for a package comprising: (a) an outer set of one or more layers (1-4) and (b) an inner set of one or more layers (5-6) which layer or the outermost of which layers (5) comprises a composition comprising a polymer and having oxygen-scavenging properties, wherein (i) the outer set of layers would have, if separate from the inner set and in the absence of any oxygen-scavenging properties in any of the layers or the layer constituting the set, a permeance, for oxygen, of not more than 1.5 cm.sup.3 /(m.sup.2 atm day); (ii) the inner set of layers would have, if separate from the outer set and in the absence of oxygen-scavenging properties in any of the layers or the layer constituting the set, a permeance, for oxygen, of at least 2.0 cm.sup.3 /(m.sup.2 atm day); and (iii) the inner set of layers would have, if separate from the outer set, a permeance, for oxygen, less than the permeance specified in (ii) by at least 1.0 cm.sup.3 /(m.sup.

Abstract: A fiber composite material has individual reinforcing fibers embedded in a bonding matrix material. The bonding of the fibers to the embedding matrix material is controlled along the length of the fibers by axially spaced fiber surface bonding zones having a high bonding ability and alternating with further fiber surface low bonding or non-bonding zones having a low or no bonding ability relative to the matrix material. The bonding zones having a high or maximal bonding ability are distributed optimally as to size, location and spacing along the length of a fiber so that loads or forces including the breaking load are transmitted from one bonding zone to the next bonding zone which are preferably formed as ring zones. The low-bonding or non-bonding zones are so dimensioned that bonding zones of fibers located adjacent to one another do not overlap in a direction across the length of the fibers.

Abstract: Boron nitride is coated on filaments of elemental carbon and/or silicon carbide, the coated filaments are contacted with an infiltration-promoting material containing elemental carbon to produce a preform wherein the filaments are substantially parallel and each filament is enveloped with infiltration-promoting material, and the preform is infiltrated with a molten solution of boron and silicon producing a composite containing boron nitride coated filaments.

Abstract: Composite moisture and oxygen barrier structures in the form of films, sheets, tubes and bottles are described which are composed of foils of high density polyethylene and foils of polar oxygen barrier resins adhered to each other with a coextruded bonding resin composition composed of blends of predominantly high density polyethylene containing low levels of a grafted unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride and linear low density polyethylenes which are copolymers of ethylene with either octene-1 or butene-1. The preferred dicarboxylic acid anhydride is maleic anhydride. The oxygen barrier resins are preferably ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymers or amorphous polycarboxylamides from condensation polymerization of aliphatic diamines and aromatic dicarboxylic acids.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved adhesive layer for multi-layer films and bottles, the adhesive layer being a graft copolymer of a polyolefin backbone with a methyl methacrylate graft. The graft copolymer sufficiently improves the compatibility between barrier resins and polyolefins to permit the production of monolithic or single layer bottles comprised of a blend of those three components. The resultant products have improved physical properties while retaining acceptable permeability to gases.