Abstract: A bundle of short chopped carbon fibers impregnated with a sizing agent, the short fiber bundle having an average weight per unit length of 1.7 to 4 mg/mm in the fiber length direction and a coefficient of variation of 30 to 60% in the distribution of weight per unit length in the fiber length direction.

Abstract: The problems caused by chemical and thermal shrinkage of hard roll covers, are reduced by the inclusion of one or more intermediate compressive layers between the metal roll substrate and the outer cover, or cover. A compressive layer has the properties of being rigid enough to allow the cover to be applied to the roll, and compressible enough to deform and absorb the stresses which occur as the cover is shrinking during processing.In one embodiment, the intermediate compressive layer comprises a three dimensional fabric that is filled preferably with a thermoset resin system which cures at lower temperature than cover. In a second embodiment, the precise amount of shrinkage in the roll is predetermined to a high enough degree of accuracy so that a depth for the fabric layer can be used to compensate for the amount of shrinkage, thereby eliminating the need for filling. In a third embodiment, the compressive layer is comprised of a meltable material wherein said material melts at cure temperatures.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a rubber modified asphalt type of waterproofing composition which can be used in a normal temperature type of spray waterproofing method and can find its application in waterproofing, moisture-proofing, rustproofing, and filling buildings and structure for engineering works, said waterproofing composition coagulates instantaneously to form a stable yet firm waterproofing layer. This rubber modified asphalt type of waterproofing composition comprises a cationic rubber modified asphalt emulsion and an organic coagulating agent.

Abstract: A component for a power transmission belt. The component is a fiber cord that is treated in a first step with at least one of a) an isocyanate compound and b) an epoxy compound such that after the first step the at least one of the isocyanate compound and epoxy compound is present in solid form in an amount equal to 0.5 to 2.0 weight %. The fiber cord is treated after the first step in a second step with an RFL liquid so that the percentage void in the cord, as determined by the following formula, is not greater than 1.5%:percentage void=100.times.A.sub.y /A.sub.x, where A.sub.x is the total surface area of the cord and A.sub.y is the void area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sizing composition for glass threads which comprises a solution of a viscosity of less than or equal to 400 cP containing less than 5% by weight of solvent and containing at least one base system which can be polymerized under the action of ultraviolet radiation or an electron beam, the said base system comprising at least one component that has a molecular mass of less than 750 and that has at least one reactive epoxy group and comprising at least 60% by weight of one or more components that have a molecular mass of less than 750 and that have at least one reactive group selected from the following groups: epoxy, hydroxy, vinyl ether, acrylic and methacrylic. The invention relates also to a process using this composition and to the threads coated with the said composition.

Abstract: An adhesive composition comprised of (A) a latex of 100 wt. parts of a carboxyl group-containing highly saturated nitrile-conjugated diene copolymer rubber, (B) 5-30 wt. parts of a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, and (C) 2-10 wt. parts of an aromatic epoxy resin. A composite comprised of a nitrile group-containing highly saturated copolymer rubber and a fibrous material, which has been treated with the adhesive composition. This composite is useful for belts.

Abstract: A method for improving the adhesion of alkylated chlorosulfonated polyethylene (ACSM) and chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) rubber compounds to a resorcinol-formaldehyde latex (RFL) treated polyester reinforcing element using lower than conventional heat set temperatures comprising dipping the element into a RFL dip comprising chlorosulfonated polyethylene; drying the element; heat setting the element at a temperature in the range from about 300.degree. F. to about 425.degree. F. under tension; incorporating the element into the rubber compounds; and curing the element and the rubber compounds. Further, adding an amine functional polyacrylate to the RFL dip prevents failure of the adhesion of the cord at start up temperatures of about -40.degree. F.

Abstract: A rubber thread includes in cross-section a first rubber portion and a second rubber portion.

Abstract: In a charging device included in an image forming apparatus for charging an image carrier uniformly, a charge roller has an elastic layer and a surface layer. The elastic layer is made of a substance having a medium electric resistance and having no conductive particles dispersed therein. The surface layer is made of a non-adhering substance having a greater non-adhering property than the substance constituting the elastic layer.

Abstract: The problems caused by chemical and thermal shrinkage of hard roll covers, are reduced by the inclusion of one or more intermediate compressive layers between the metal roll and the outer cover, or topstock. A compressive layer has the properties of being rigid enough to allow the topstock to be applied to the roll, and compressible enough to buffer and absorb the stresses which occur as the topstock is shrinking during processing.In one embodiment, the intermediate compressive layer comprises a three dimensional fabric that is filled preferably with a thermoset resin system which cures at lower temperature than topstock. In a second embodiment, the precise amount of shrinkage in the roll can be predetermined to a high enough degree of accuracy so that a depth for the fabric layer can be used to compensate for the amount of shrinkage, thereby eliminating the need for filling. In a third embodiment, the compressive layer is comprised of a wax material.

Abstract: An offset rubber-blanket sleeve having a support sleeve in the form of a layered body. The layered body is produced from a plastic, preferably rubber, as a base material and the base material is reinforced by layer inserts embedded therein. Additionally, a rubber layer is vulcanized on the support sleeve.

Abstract: A method for improving the adhesion of alkylated chlorosulfonated polyethylene (ACSM) and chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) rubber compounds to a resorcinol-formaldehyde latex (RFL) treated polyester reinforcing element using lower than conventional heat set temperatures comprising dipping the element into a RFL dip comprising chlorosulfonated polyethylene; drying the element; heat setting the element at a temperature in the range from about 300.degree. F. to about 425.degree. F. under tension; incorporating the element into the rubber compounds; and curing the element and the rubber compounds. Further, adding an amine functional polyacrylate to the RFL dip prevents failure of the adhesion of the cord at start up temperatures of about -40.degree. F.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fixing roll, comprising a core metal, a heat resistant elastic layer formed to cover the circumferential outer surface of the core metal, and a surface layer formed to cover the circumferential outer surface of the heat resistant elastic layer, the surface layer being formed of a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer resin film of a double layer structure consisting of an inner layer having a volume resistivity of 10.sup.11 .OMEGA..cm or less and an outer layer having a thickness falling within a range of between 3 .mu.m and 50 .mu.m, and the entire thickness of the resin film falling within a range of between 20 .mu.m and 500 .mu.m.

Abstract: The problems caused by chemical and thermal shrinkage of hard roll covers, are reduced by the inclusion of one or more intermediate compressive layers between the metal roll and the outer cover, or "topstock". A compressive layer has the properties of being rigid enough to allow the cover to be applied to the roll, and compressible enough to buffer and absorb the stresses which occur as the cover is shrinking during processing.In one embodiment, the intermediate compressive layer comprises a three dimensional fabric that is filled preferably with a thermoset resin system which cures at lower temperature than cover. In a second embodiment, the precise amount of shrinkage in the roll can be predetermined to a high enough degree of accuracy so that a depth for the fabric layer can be used to compensate for the amount of shrinkage, thereby eliminating the need for filling. In a third embodiment, the compressive layer is comprised of a wax material.

Abstract: Organic polymer surfaces are modified by contacting such surfaces with a haloester compound and a cationic compound of having a pK.sub.a >5. Preferably the organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyesters, aromatic polyamides, and graphitic polymers and the contacting is conducted at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to coating composition, coated articles of manufacture, and to the formation of the coated articles. The coating is an energy-beam set resin containing fluid containing heat-expandable, fluid-encapsulating hollow spheres in the resin. The coating of a substrate, such as a communication line material, is accomplished by coating the material with a resin mixture containing expandable spheres and then exposing the coated material to an energy-beam source for a period of time to cure the resin and expand the spheres. The coating is applied to at least one filament of a communication line material. Such filaments can be gathered into bundles which are first extrusion coated with a thermoplastic polymer before being coated with the resin mixture. The composition of the resin material can be varied by changing the volume percent of the hollow spheres present in the resin mixture.

Abstract: A resin-coated, bonding fine wire for use in forming bonded electrical connections on a semiconductor device, wherein the bonding wire comprises an elongated fine wire of electrically conductive material, and first and second non-conductive coating layers. The first non-conductive coating layer covers the elongated fine wire and is of a material having good insulating property and heat resistance. The second non-conducting coating layer covers the first non-conductive coating layer and is of a material having good abrasion resistance. The first non-conductive coating layer includes at least one aromatic polyester resins, and the second non-conductive coating layer includes at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, polyester imides and polyimides. The second non-conductive coating layer is built up from a plurality of successive coats to define the second non-conductive coating layer as a non-conductive multilayer coating structure.

Abstract: A degradable agricultural ground cover which is composed of high density polyethylene polymer fiber and cellulose pulp which is 100% photo and biodegradable for use in weed control and moisture retention in soil. The unique agricultural mat or cover lasts 8-12 weeks before serious photo and biodegradability occurs, while allowing crop plants sufficient time to mature and produce. The sheet totally disappears with plowing and tilling, becoming a soil extender until complete degradation occurs.

Abstract: A treating agent comprises a nitrile group-containing highly saturated polymer rubber latex (A) having an iodine value of 120 or less, a rubber latex (B) other than the highly saturated polymer rubber latex, and a water-soluble resorcinol/formaldehyde condensate in amounts of 15 to 80%, 5 to 70% and 2 to 15%, all by weight in terms of solids, respectively. A rubber-reinforcing fiber product is coated with the treating agent. A rubber article such as a toothed belt, a tire and the like is made using this rubber-reinforcing fiber product. The glass fiber product coated with the treating agent may be further coated with a halogen-containing polymer-based adhesive as a secondary treating agent. Thus, the treating agent exhibits a large bonding force between the reinforcing fiber product and a matrix. Even if the rubber article is repeatedly subjected to a flexing stress, the strength thereof cannot be reduced. A peel-off cannot occurs between the reinforcing fiber product and the rubber matrix.

Abstract: An improved elastomer-based connector sheet for use to electrically connect electrode terminals is proposed which comprises, in the form of an integral sheet: (a) a matrix in the form of a sheet made from an electrically insulating rubber having a specified rubber hardness; and (b) a multiplicity of straightly extending wire segments of a metal having a specified volume resistivity and having a diameter in the range from 20 to 90 .mu.m embedded in the matrix of the rubber substantially in parallel each with the others in such a direction that the bias angle formed with the direction perpendicular to the surface of the sheet is in the range from 20.degree. to 60.degree. in such a fashion that each of the wire segments has the ends exposed on the surfaces of the matrix sheet and the distance between the surfaces of adjacent wire segments is at least 10 .mu.m, the distribution density of the ends of the wire segments exposed on the sur-face of the matrix sheet being in the range from 70 to 1000 per mm.sup.2.

Abstract: The improved ruffling tape includes a heat fusible, flexible, resilient, elongated strip of thermoplastic or the like, to one side of which is a pull string loosely secured thereto, as by spaced stitches along the length of the strip, which stitches run over the string and into the strip. The strip can include the heat fusible material, if desired, only on the side opposite that bearing the string. The string has one end thereof anchored thereto, as by a knot which does not pass through the stitches. The The string may have a slip covering of silicone or the like. In accordance with the method, the strip is heat fused to one side of a fabric, with the string and stitches exposed. The fabric is then ruffled by pulling the free end of the string, with or without simultaneously pushing said fabric toward the tied end of the string. When the desired ruffling is obtained, the free end of the string is tied off against the adjacent end of the tape to hold the ruffling in place.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a rubber covered roll comprising a metallic core and at least one covering rubber layer. The covering rubber layer is a vulcanized rubber layer formed by a rubber composition comprising an ethylenically unsaturated nitrile-conjugated diene type highly saturated copolymer rubber (A) having a conjugated diene unit content of the polymer chain of at most 25 wt. % and the zinc salt (B) of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid. A covering rubber layer coming into contact with the metallic core is at least a vulcanized rubber layer formed by a rubber composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a rubber component containing at least 50 wt. % of the highly saturated copolymer rubber (A) and 10-40 parts by weight of the zinc salt (B). A rubber composition for rubber covered rolls is also disclosed. It comprises 100 parts by weight of a rubber component containing 90-50 wt. % of the highly saturated copolymer rubber (A) and 50-10 wt.

Abstract: A rubber-rubber bonded composite structure is made up of one unvulcanized preform formed from a rubber comprising hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, either a combination of methacrylic acid and zinc oxide or zinc methacrylate, and an organic peroxide and another unvulcanized preform formed from a rubber composition containing a rubber in common use both preforms having been laminated together into an integrally bonded structure by vulcanization. The resulting structure exhibits good rubber-to-rubber adhesion.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a heat resistant insulated wire which is not decomposed but maintains insulativity under a high temperature with excellent adhesion of a coating film, and a method of preparing the same. The heat resistant insulated wire includes a base material consisting of an electrical conductor, and an insulating layer provided on its surface. The insulating layer is obtained by heating a second polymer, in which main chains expressed in a chemical formula--[Si(R.sub.1).sub.2 --N(R.sub.2)].sub.n --are cross-linked with each other by chloroborazine through side chains containing trialkylsilyl radicals at a temperature of at least about 300.degree. C. and not more than 500.degree. C.

Abstract: A friction material for operating in oil containing 5 to 70 wt. % of fibrillated ramie fibers with a freeness of 400 to 700 ml and a friction material for operating in oil further containing cotton pulp and/or aramid fibers in addition to said fibrillated ramie fibers. They improve the wear resistance of friction material under the conditions of high-speed and high-pressure applied and in moisture-containing oil.

Abstract: This invention relates to the improvement of rubber-to-metal adhesion and adhesion retention in sulfur vulcanizable, metal reinforced rubber compositions via the use of substituted pyrimidine and triazine adhesion promoters of Structure (I). ##STR1## wherein A is N or C-H, X, Y and Z are independently selected from the group consisting of chloro, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 may be hydrogen, chloro, acyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl; R.sub.2 may be hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, chloro, hydroxy, alkoxy, or anilino; R.sub.3 may be hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or phenyl; R.sub.4 may be hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, cyclohexyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 hydroxylalkyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxyalkyl; R.sub.5 may be hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, cyclohexyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 hydroxyalkyl; with the proviso that Z may not be chloro when both X and Y are chloro.

Abstract: A rubber article having a fiber reinforcement embedded therein. The reinforcement comprises a cylindrically braided cord of an even number of twisted yarns of four or more, an equal number having an twist, i.e. twisted to the right, and a Z-twist, i.e. twisted to the left. The angle difference between a first twisting angle of a yarn and a final twisting angle of the cylindrically braided cord is set at less than 10.degree..

Abstract: The invention relates to reinforcing and/or process fibers based on plant fibers, obtainable thereby that plant fibers from which the wood components have been removed are treated with an aqueous solution of at least one metal compound selected among metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, sulfates, thiosulfates, sulfites, silicates or phosphates, subsequently washed and treated with an inorganic or organic binding agent or the fibers which have not been washed are neutralized with a mineral acid or that plant fibers from which the wood components have been removed are treated with an oxidation agent or that non-pretreated plant fibers are treated at 250.degree. to 350.degree. C. with the controlled addition of air so that carbonization of the fibers takes place.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method wherein fibers are treated with a first, second, and third treatment solution. The third treatment solution includes a chlorinated rubber and a rubber-containing composition having acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber or hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber. The treated fibers are positioned contiguous, and adhered, to an unvulcanized hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber composition which is then vulcanized. The resulting rubber-fiber composite exhibits improved adhesion between the hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber composition and the fibers. Adhesion is maintained in a hot environment even if subjected to what would conventionally be considered conditions that would result in thermal deterioration under high temperature. Thus, the rubber-fiber composite exhibits enhanced durability under the severe service conditions experienced by rubber-fiber composites.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a synthetic board from cellulosic or lignocellulosic fibers is disclosed wherein a standard isocyanate binder is emulsified and immediately applied to the fibers before consolidation into a finished board product. The apparatus includes an emulsification and application nozzle comprising a diluent inlet, a binder inlet, a mixing section for emulsifying the diluent and the binder, and a spray nozzle for applying the binder/diluent emulsion to the fibers. The method includes supplying a binder stream, supplying a diluent stream, emulsifying the binder with the diluent and immediately applying the emulsion to the fibers. The method further includes flushing the binder/diluent emulsion using the diluent at the end of a binder application run to prevent curing of the emulsion and clogging of the apparatus. The binder/diluent emulsion can be applied to the fibers either in the blowline or downstream of the blowline, such as in the blender.

Abstract: A rubber developer roller having a quaternary ammonium material as an antistatic agent to achieve an approximately one order of magnitude increase in the level of conductivity. This provides consistent printing over a range of temperatures of operation, particularly at start-up when the printer has not reached its designed operating temperature, and over a range of environmental conditions. This roller also permits the increase of print speed.

Abstract: A steel cord for reinforcing rubber. It is made of three steel filaments all having different diameters from one another. The small-diameter and medium-diameter ones of the three filaments have internal stresses adapted to be released when the cord is cut at both ends thereof. Owing to these stresses, the diameter of the cord is adapted to increase after it is cut at both ends. At the same time, the medium-diameter and small-diameter filaments retract inwardly from the ends of the large-diameter and medium-diameter ones, respectively.

Abstract: The claimed invention relates to a water-insoluble fire retardant coating composition and a method of rendering PVC cable fire resistant.

Abstract: An article comprising a non-conductive substrate which is coated with a sub-micron thickness of an oxidizable metal and overcoated with a microporous layer of an inorganic electrically insulative material. Optionally, the oxidizable metal-coated substrate may be sulfurized and/or further coated with (i) a promoter metal which is galvanically effective to promote the corrosion of the oxidizable metal, discontinuously coated on the oxidizable metal coating, and/or (ii) a salt, to accelerate the galvanic corrosion reaction by which the oxidizable metal coating is oxidized, prior to overcoating with the microporous insulative layer. Also disclosed is a related method of forming such articles, comprising chemical vapor depositing the oxidizable metal coating on the substrate and contacting the metallized substrate with a sol gel dispersion of the inorganic electrically insulative material which then is dried under suitable conditions to form the microporous layer on the substrate.

Abstract: An adhesive for bonding a nitrile group-containing highly saturated rubber to glass fibers or organic synthetic fibers, which comprises a nitrile group-containing highly saturated rubber latex having an iodine number of not more than 120 and a resoncinol/formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: The strength of the bond between a metal and vulcanized rubber may be increased by a bonding agent containing at least one organic cobalt compound and at least one boric acid ester.

Abstract: A reinforcing fiber is provided for use in fiber-reinforced rubber products. The reinforcing fiber has a first coating layer of a cured guanide compound over which is a second layer of an adhesive for bonding the fiber to rubber, the adhesive usually being a cured resorcinol formaldehyde latex composition. The coated fiber is embedded in uncured rubber which is then cured to create a fiber-reinforced rubber product.

Abstract: A cement reinforcing fiber obtained by impregnating an organic or inorganic fiber with a thermosetting resin, then coating it with a rubber solution or rubber latex, and curing it.

Abstract: Cement is reinforced by mixing into a water-curable cement a reinforcing quantity of a fiber prepared by impregnating a carbon fiber with from 50-200 wt. % of a thermosetting resin, coating the impregnated resin with from 10-200 wt. % of a rubber solution or rubber latex, and then curing the coated fiber.

Abstract: A radiation-resistant high molecular composition is disclosed, characterized in that, to the high molecular polymer, a halogenated acenaphtylene and/or condensates thereof represented by a following general formula [I] ##STR1## (wherein, X indicates a chlorine or bromine atom, a indicates 0 to 2, b indicates 1 to 6 and n indicates an integer not less than 1) and a diphenyl ether derivative represented by a following general formula [II] ##STR2## (wherein, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 indicate any ones of hydrogen atom, alkyl, alkoxy, phenyl phenoxy, diphenyloxy and terphenyloxy group) and/or basic lead compound are formulated.

Abstract: A polyester fiber highly heat-resistant in a rubber matrix and useful as a reinforcing material for rubber articles, has a tensile strength of 8 g/d or more and is composed of a core portion made from a polyester resin and a skin portion made from a polyester resin and covering the core portion, the skin portion being in an amount of 5% to 20% based on the entire amount of the fiber and having a lower orientation and/or lower crystallinity than the core portion, which polyester fiber has been produced by treating a surface portion of a homogeneous polyester fiber consisting essentially of a polyester resin with a solvent capable of swelling the polyester resin or by coating a precursory polyester fiber for the core portion with a polyester resin for the skin portion.

Abstract: A thermal insulation is formed by simultaneously spraying ceramic fibers and a binder at a surface to be covered. An aqueous binder is prepared prior to application to the fiber during the spraying operation. The binder includes an organic component which provides necessary wet and green adhesion to the substrate surface and wet and green cohesion to the newly formed lining prior to firing of the sprayed-on layer. The binder also includes an inorganic component which functions at and after exposure to a high temperature to secure the ceramic fibers to the substrate and to one another. Drying and firing of the layer develops strength in the inorganic binder. Known ceramic fibers such as alumina-silica amorphous fibers, alumina-silica-zirconia fibers, polycrystalline mullite fibers, alumina fibers, mineral fibers, or combinations thereof, and the like may be employed. The fiber may be precoated with the organic binder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer composition exhibiting high temperature oil resistance, while having improved modulus and tensile strength, as well as a novel insulated electrical conductor employing such material, said material comprising a polymeric constituent selected from the group consisting of copolymers of ethylene and propylene, polymers of same with other polymerizable materials, and mixtures of the foregoing, said constituent being in intimate mixture with a fully calcined aluminum silicate clay filler containing less than about 0.5 percent by weight water (based on the weight of the clay) having an average particle size less than 1 micron with at least about 80 weight percent of the particles having size finer than 2 microns and with at least about 10 weight percent of the particles being more finely divided than 0.5 microns.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer composition exhibiting high temperature oil resistance, while having improved modulus and tensile strength, as well as a novel insulated electrical conductor employing such material, said material comprising a polymeric constituent selected from the group consisting of copolymers of ethylene and propylene, polymers of same with other polymerizable materials, and mixtures of the foregoing, said constituent being in intimate mixture with from about 1 to about 150 parts by weight (per 100 parts by weight of polymer) of processing oil, and a calcined aluminum silicate clay filler containing less than about 0.5 percent by weight water (based on the weight of the clay) having an average particle size less than 1 micron with at least about 80 weight percent of the particles having size finer than 2 microns and with as much as 10 weight percent of the particles being more finely divided than 0.5 microns.

Abstract: Very high levels of insulation resistance and of insulation resistance stability of insulating compositions having polyolefin bases and having polar organic additives are achieved in this invention. The polar organic additives can be organic halogenated flame retardants, such as decabromodiphenyl oxide. The surprising increase in insulation resistance and in insulation resistance stability is achieved by addition of certain antioxidants in combination and, particularly, the addition of a zinc salt of mercaptoimidazole and a sterically hindered ditertiary butyl phenol. The composition may be crosslinked by radiation or even by chemical means as through use or organic peroxides without loss of the surprisingly increased insulation resistance and insulation resistance stability.

Abstract: This application discloses cables insulated with a flexible homogenous and smooth composition which consists essentially of an interdispersion of low density polyethylene and polychloroprene ingredients and at least an effective amount of fibrous polytetrafluoroethylene interdispersing agent effective to homogenously blend said ingredients.

Abstract: A strong and tough SiC/RBSN composite material comprises silicon fibers and a reaction bonded silicon nitride matrix. This composite material may be used at elevated temperatures up to at least 1400.degree. C.

Abstract: There is disclosed a hollow fiber semipermeable membrane element comprising hollow fiber semipermeable membranes having their respective one end portions or both end portions bonded together by means of a vulcanized rubber, so that the semipermeable membrane element has a high resistance to chemicals. The incorporation of a graphite fluoride in the rubber serves to further increase not only the hardness of the bonding rubber portions but also the resistance of the bonding rubber portions to chemicals. Such a semipermeable element can be easily, efficiently produced on a commercial scale.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing elastomeric electric insulating material is disclosed. The material is a vulcanized product of a composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a fluorine-containing elastomeric copolymer having a number average molecular weight of from 20,000 to 60,000, containing as major components a unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and a unit based on an .alpha.-olefin having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and exhibiting rubber elasticity at room temperature, 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of an organic peroxide and 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a polyallyl compound.

Abstract: A metal-coated substrate, e.g., of glass, ceramic, or a hydroxy-functionalized material, wherein the improvement comprises a polysilicate, titania, or alumina interlayer between the substrate and the metal coating. The interlayer may have a porous microstructure, e.g., a polysilicate interlayer with an average pore size on the order of 50-150 Angstroms.Such articles, e.g., in the form of metal-coated fibers, may suitably be employed as reinforcing media in material composites having utility in structural applications, such as EMI shielding elements.Also disclosed is a corresponding method for forming a metal coating on a substrate by the provision of an interlayer of the above type. The interlayer may suitably be formed by applying to the substrate a sol gel dispersion of the polysilicate, titania, or alumina material, followed by drying of the applied dispersion.