Abstract: A thermosetting powder coating material includes powder particles that include a core which contains a thermosetting resin and a thermosetting agent having a blocked isocyanate group and a resin coating portion which contains a thermosetting resin having a glass transition temperature of equal to or higher than 45° C. and coats a surface of the core, and satisfy the followings (1) to (4): (1) a volume particle diameter distribution index GSDv of the powder particles is equal to or less than 1.50; (2) an average circularity of the powder particles is equal to or greater than 0.96; (3) a melting temperature of the powder particles measured according to a ½ method by using a flow tester is from 90° C. to 115° C.; and (4) an exothermic peak is within a range of from 80° C. to 150° C. in a differential scanning calorimetry measurement of the powder particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing high-strength cross-linked polymer photonic crystal film by core-shell polymer microspheres via evaporation-induced self assembly. Monodispersed core-shell polymer microspheres are fabricated by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization, and then the microspheres emulsion is coated onto suitable substrates. Finally, polymer photonic crystal film with long-range ordered is constructed via self assembly. Self-cross-linking between the two units improves the strength of the polymer photonic crystal film, therefore the preparation of large size industrial-grade photonic crystal film is practicable which extends its application on the field of dyeing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a resin composition comprising at least an organophosphorous compound and a branched amorphous carboxylic acid functional polyester, said polyester having a Tg of at least 40° C., said polyester comprising at least 1 to 45% mol of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol; a C3 to C5 aliphatic diol AD1 not including 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol; a C6 to C50 aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diol AD2; 0.1 to 10% mol of an at least trifunctional monomer; 1 to 55% mol of terephthalic acid, wherein the % mol is based on the polyester. The powder coatings of the present invention derived upon curing at low temperature of the thermosetting powder coating compositions of the invention that were storage stable and comprised said resin composition and a crosslinker having functional groups that are reactive with the carboxylic acid groups of the polyester, have limited or no blooming, good smoothness sufficient reverse impact resistance and preferably have also good degassing limit.

Abstract: A negative active material includes a silicon-based alloy, wherein the silicon-based alloy includes silicon (Si); a first metal (M1) selected from titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), and germanium (Ge), and at least one additional element (A), which is included in the silicon-based alloy and on a surface of silicon-based alloy, selected from carbon (C), boron (B), sodium (Na), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), sulfur (S), and chlorine (Cl), and the silicon-based alloy has an internal porosity of about 35% or less. A lithium battery including the negative active material may have improved lifespan characteristics.

Abstract: Polymers, monomers, chromophoric polymer dots and related methods are provided. Highly fluorescent chromophoric polymer dots with narrow-band emissions are provided. Methods for synthesizing the chromophoric polymers, preparation methods for forming the chromophoric polymer dots, and biological applications using the unique properties of narrow-band emissions are also provided.

Abstract: A polishing composition contains a nitrogen-containing compound and abrasive grains, and the pH of the composition is in the range of 1 to 7. The nitrogen-containing compound in the polishing composition preferably has a structure expressed by a formula: R1—N(—R2)—R3 in which R1, R2, and R3 each represent an alkyl group with or without a characteristic group, two of R1 to R3 may form a part of a heterocycle, and two of R1 to R3 may be identical and form a part of a heterocycle with the remaining one. Alternatively, the nitrogen-containing compound is preferably selected from a group consisting of a carboxybetaine type ampholytic surfactant, a sulfobetaine type ampholytic surfactant, an imidazoline type ampholytic surfactant, and an amine oxide type ampholytic surfactant. A polishing composition may contain a water-soluble polymer and abrasive grains, and the pH of the composition is in the range of 1 to 8.

Abstract: A porous silica particle optimized as the scrubbing agent is used for a cleansing cosmetic. The porous silica particle has an average circularity of 0.1 to 0.5, a pore volume of 1.0 to 2.0 ml/g, a mode diameter of 50 to 600 ?m, and a ratio of the maximum particle diameter to the mode diameter of 3.0 or less. The porous silica particle moreover has a median size of 0.5 to 25 ?m and the maximum particle diameter of 1 to 100 ?m, after rubbing with a load of 1.0 to 1.4 KPa for 30 seconds. With the cleansing cosmetic containing this particle, the skin is rubbed by the frictional force generated by the friction with the skin at the rubbing. Therefore, the mild peeling effect for the stratum corneum is obtained and the damage of the skin and the micro damage on the stratum corneum can be prevented.

Abstract: The invention refers to process for preparing a bio-resorbable polyester in particulate form, comprising the steps: a) providing a bio-resorbable polyester with in the form of a dry polymer mass or in the form of a wet polymer mass; b) feeding the polymer mass from step a) into an extruder extruder with at least one degassing zone where the polymer mass is molten, extruded and degassed; c) discharging the degassed polymer mass out of the extruder; d) comminuting the discharged polymer mass to particles with —a bulk density of 0.3 g/ml or more, —a tapped density of 0.4 g/ml or more and —a specific surface area of 2.0 m2/g or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hollow nanoparticles having inside their cavity a metal core constituted by metal seeds agglomerated with a cationic polyelectrolyte, useful in medicine as well as in the bio-imaging and/or radio-therapeutic or chemo-therapeutic techniques and also in the industry as starting materials for preparing catalysts or metamaterials in non-linear optical processes.

Abstract: By first forming an emulsion in a system that separates into two phases which include a solution phase containing an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) as the main component and a solution phase containing a polymer (B) different from the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) as the main component when the copolymer (A), the polymer (B), and an organic solvent (C) having an SP value of 20 (J/cm3)1/2 to 30 (J/cm3)1/2 are dissolved and mixed together, and then causing the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) to precipitate as microparticles by bringing a poor solvent (D) of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) into contact with the emulsion, it is possible to obtain ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer microparticles that have a narrow particle size distribution wherein the particle size distribution index in a dry-powder state is 2 or less, have a true spherical particle shape, and exhibit excellent re-dispersibility into liquid.

Abstract: A method of preparing a core-shell nanorod can include growing a shell of a core-shell nanorod (M1X1)M2X2 in a solution through a slow-injection of M2 precursor solution and X2 precursor solution, wherein the core-shell nanorod includes a M1X1 core.

Abstract: The synthesis of a silver-PMMA nanocomposite film using herbal extract includes mixing an aqueous extract of Aristolochia bracteolate buds with an aqueous solution of silver nitrate, thereby reducing the silver ions to silver metal nanoparticles. A solution of the silver nanoparticles is added to a solution of PMMA [poly (methyl methacrylate)] in N?N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with stirring at 80° C. A brown solution of silver colloids develops, which is cast in a glass plate and the DMF is evaporated at room temperature, leaving a silver-PMMA nanocomposite film. Testing on water shows the silver-PMMA nanocomposite film prevents or inhibits growth of microbes, suggesting use as an antimicrobial or antibacterial agent, e.g., in water purification. In addition, testing by disc diffusion against E. coli and Bacillus cereus showed zones of inhibition, also suggesting use as an antimicrobial or antibacterial agent.

Abstract: A method of dispersing graphene and graphitic nanomaterials uses a multiphase fluid dynamic technique. The method includes a device, incorporating a high intensity fluid dynamics technique, controlling the expansion and compression ratio of the working stream that leads to an effective dispersion of the nanomaterial in the matrix. The condensation of the injected steam creates high intensity and controllable cavitation, leading to effective dispersion of the graphitic nanomaterial. The dispersion is most preferably done in a medium that creates a repulsive potential to balance the attractive inter-graphitic layer potential.

Abstract: An abrasive grain is disclosed and may include a body. The body may define a length (l), a height (h), and a width (w). In a particular aspect, the length is greater than or equal to the height and the height is greater than or equal to the width. Further, in a particular aspect, the body may include a primary aspect ratio defined by the ratio of length:height of at least about 2:1. The body may also include an upright orientation probability of at least about 50%.

Abstract: A roofing granule includes a glass substrate and a plurality of pores in the glass substrate such that the roofing granule has a minimum total solar reflectance of at least 50%.

Abstract: Semiconductor nanocrystal compositions comprising magnesium containing shells and methods of preparing them are described. The compositions provide strong emission in the blue and green wavelengths as well as chemical and photostability that have not been achieved with conventional shell materials.

Abstract: The present subject matter includes a product formulation made by the process including the steps of: adding a sufficient amount of water to cover a group of long grain seeds to form a first mixture; adding a sufficient amount of water to cover a group of whole grain seeds to form a second mixture; boiling the first and second mixtures, cooling the first mixture to form a thin colorless liquid; separating any solid seeds from the thin colorless liquid; cooling the second mixture to form an opaque thick liquid; separating any solid seeds from the opaque thick liquid; combining the thin colorless liquid and the opaque thick liquid to form a third mixture; cooling the third mixture to allow the formulation of a film; heating the film to form a porous material; cooling the porous material to form a powder residue; and processing the powder residue to form a formulation. The formulation can be used in various cosmetics, and to treat subject in need of treatment for skin conditions, such as acne.

Abstract: Low-temperature organometallic nucleation and crystallization-based synthesis methods for the fabrication of semiconductor and metal colloidal nanocrystals with narrow size distributions and tunable, size- and shape-dependent electronic and optical properties. Methods include (1) forming a reaction mixture in a reaction vessel under an inert atmosphere that includes at least one solvent, a cationic precursor, an anionic precursor, and at least a first surface stabilizing ligand while stirring at a temperature in a range from about 50° C. to about 130° C. and (2) growing nanocrystals in the reaction mixture for a period of time while maintaining the temperature, the stirring, and the inert-gas atmosphere.

Abstract: A moldable mass contains graphite and a phase change material (PCM). The moldable mass further contains a binder and microcapsules having the PCM. A process produces a molding from the moldable mass, and the molding is used to produce various products such as cooling elements, battery temperature control elements, cooling elements for vehicle cabins, electronic components, and motors.

Abstract: A coated quantum dot and methods of making coated quantum dots are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of a super absorbent polymer including: carrying out a thermal polymerization or a photopolymerization of a monomer composition including a water-soluble ethylene-based unsaturated monomer and a polymerization initiator to form a hydrogel polymer; drying the hydrogel polymer; pulverizing the dried polymer; classifying the pulverized polymer into a fine powder having a particle diameter of less than 150 ?m and a polymer having a particle diameter of 150 to 850 ?m according to the particle diameter; performing reassembly to form a fine powder reassembly; and mixing the polymer having a particle diameter of 150 to 850 ?m with the fine powder reassembly, followed by surface cross-linking.

Abstract: Mixed-metal oxides and lithiated mixed-metal oxides are disclosed that involve compounds according to, respectively, NixMnyCozMe?O? and Lii+?NixMnyCozMe?O?. In these compounds, Me is selected from B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, In, and combinations thereof; 0?x?1; 0?y?1; 0?z<1; x+y+z>0; 0???0.5; and x+y+?>0. For the mixed-metal oxides, 1???5. For the lithiated mixed-metal oxides, ?0.1???1.0 and 1.9???3. The mixed-metal oxides and the lithiated mixed-metal oxides include particles having an average density greater than or equal to 90% of an ideal crystalline density.

Abstract: A filament guide that guides thermoplastic filament to an object being manufactured. A deposition head comprising the disclosed filament guide provides a filament to the intended deposition point. The filament guide comprises a guide member having a filament groove configured to guide the filament along a path of travel. The groove has an upstream end that is configured to receive the filament from a source and a downstream end that is configured to direct the filament toward the deposition point in the intended direction. A notch at the downstream end of the guide member enables the filament to travel toward the deposition point. The portions of the guide member on either side of the notch act to keep the filament centered laterally. A plate that is transparent to electromagnetic radiation from a heat source covers the groove and permits the electromagnetic radiation to reach the filament while providing added support.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions for inhibiting the formation of deposits in underground formations such as oil wells, comprising, in a solvent medium, polymers P resulting from the radical copolymerization, preferably controlled and in solution, of a mixture including: monomers having an ethylenically unsaturated structure, selected from monomers that form, by polymerization, a polymer that has an effect of inhibiting the formation of organic and/or inorganic deposits; and polyethylenically unsaturated, cross-linking monomers carrying at least one group that can be cleaved between two ethylene unsaturations, said polymers P being present in the solvent in the form of dispersed nanogels.

Abstract: Moisture curable elastomer compositions are highly suitable for use as sealants, and initially contain an organopolysiloxane having condensable groups, a tri-acyloxy functional organosilicon compound, and as fillers, anhydrite and silica. The compositions have very low modulus and accommodate high joint movement, while being storage stable.

Abstract: A cathode material for a lithium-ion secondary battery including cathode active material particles which have central particles made of LixAyMzPO4 (0?x?1.1, 0.8?y?1.1, and 0?z?0.2; here, A represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co, and Ni, and M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Co, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zn, B, Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, and rare earth elements) and a carbonaceous film that coats surfaces of the central particles; and inorganic phosphate salt particles.

Abstract: A hydrolysis-stable mesoporous silica material has surface bearing functional groups of formula OxSiR4-x, where x is in a range from 1-3 and where each of the radicals R independently of any other contains c carbon atoms, n nitrogen atoms and o oxygen atoms, for which c + n o > 0.35 . At least ? of the nitrogen atoms and of the oxygen atoms carries in each case at least one hydrogen atom or is ionic. At least one radical R of a functional group is crosslinked with another radical R of a different functional group. The material is produced by providing a mesoporous silica material and functionalizing the surface of the mesoporous silica material with at least one silane of formula YxSiR4-x, where x is in a range from 1-3 and where Y is a functional group which reacts with a hydroxyl group on the surface of the mesoporous silica material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite adsorbent material comprising three components, including a porous media, a hygroscopic material, and graphite flakes. Among the many different possibility considered, it may be advantageous for the porous media to be mesoporous silica or the hygroscopic materials to be calcium chloride, lithium bromide, or lithium chloride. It is considered that the graphite flakes may comprise 50 percent or less of the graphite flake-hygroscopic material composition, and certain embodiments may utilize between 15 and 30 percent graphite in the graphite flake-hygroscopic material composition. It is still further considered that the graphite flakes may advantageously be less than 300 microns in size, or may have an average number of carbon planes that is 100 or less. Additional materials may also be incorporated, including biologics, polymers, and catalysts.

Abstract: A method of forming a shaped abrasive particle includes applying a mixture into a shaping assembly within an application zone and directing an ejection material at the mixture in the shaping assembly under a predetermined force, removing the mixture from the shaping assembly and forming a precursor shaped abrasive particle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to lightweight high strength microsphere containing ceramic particles having controlled microsphere placement and/or size and microsphere morphology, which produces an improved balance of specific gravity and crush strength such that they can be used in applications such as proppants to prop open subterranean formation fractions. Proppant formulations are further disclosed which use one or more microsphere containing ceramic particles of the present invention. Methods to prop open subterranean formation fractions are further disclosed. In addition, other uses for the microsphere containing ceramic particles of the present invention are further disclosed, as well as methods of making the microsphere containing ceramic particles.

Abstract: This invention describes spherical nanoparticle hydrides and a method for making them. A method of producing spherical nanoparticle hydrides comprises obtaining an electrically conductive or semiconductive wire fabricated from a base material capable of forming a hydride; exposing the wire to a hydrogen-containing processing gas under pressure; vaporizing the wire by electrical discharge, to generate a vapor phase; and reacting with hydrogen and condensing the vapor phase, generating a plurality of spherical nanoparticle hydrides.

Abstract: An antifoam granule includes a carrier and an antifoam compound deposited on the carrier. The antifoam granule is formed using a method that includes providing an emulsion and contacting the emulsion with a carrier to deposit the antifoam compound on the carrier and form the antifoam granule. The emulsion includes an oil phase, an aqueous phase, and a silicone polyether. The oil phase includes an antifoam compound. The antifoam compound includes a hydrophobic fluid and a hydrophobic filler dispersed in the hydrophobic fluid. The aqueous phase includes a binder and water. The emulsion is formed using a method that includes combining the oil phase, the aqueous phase, and the silicone polyether to form the emulsion. The antifoam granule is also utilized in a method of facilitating rinsing of a detergent from a substrate that includes applying the detergent, including the antifoam granule, to the substrate and rinsing the substrate.

Abstract: A method of producing polymer particles includes, in a system in which a polymer A and a polymer B are dissolved in and mixed with an organic solvent to undergo phase separation into two phases which are a solution phase containing the polymer A as a major component and a solution phase containing the polymer B as a major component, continuously adding an emulsion including the polymer A, the polymer B and the organic solvent, and a poor solvent for the polymer A to a vessel continuously to allow the polymer A to precipitate; and separating polymer A particles from the vessel continuously.

Abstract: A tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) copolymer film having a first endotherm between about 50° C. and about 300° C., a second endotherm between about 320° C. and about 350° C., and a third endotherm between about 350° C. and about 400° C. is provided. In exemplary embodiments, the third endotherm is approximately 380° C. In some embodiments, the second endotherm is between about 320° C. and about 330° C. or between about 330° C. and about 350° C. TFE copolymer films have a methane permeability less than about 20 ?g*micron/cm2/min. In addition, the dense articles have a void volume of less than about 20%. Methods for dense articles from core shell tetrafluoroethylene copolymers are also provided. The dense articles exhibit improved physical and mechanical properties such as adhesion and barrier properties.

Abstract: A set of spherical inorganic particles having the particular property of being spontaneously individualized, both in dry state in the form of a powder and when they are dispersed in a matrix. The method for producing the particles, and the materials produced by including the particles in the matrices are also described.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing composite nanoparticles, the method using a first compound capable of transitioning from a monoclinic to a tetragonal rutile crystal state upon heating, and having the steps of subjecting the first compound to a hydrothermal synthesis to create anisotropic crystals of the compound; encapsulating the first compound with a second compound to create a core-shell construct; and annealing the construct as needed. Also provided is a device for continuously synthesizing composite nanoparticles, the device having a first precursor supply and a second precursor supply; a mixer to homogeneously combine the first precursor and second precursor to create a liquor; a first microreactor to subject the liquor to hydrothermic conditions to create an\isotropic particles in a continuous operation mode; and a second microreactor for coating the particles with a third precursor to create a core-shell construct.

Abstract: A CVD-SiC formed body has low light transmittance and high resistivity, and may suitably be used as a member for an etcher that is used for a semiconductor production process, for example. The SiC formed body is formed using a CVD method, and includes 1 to 30 mass ppm of boron atoms, and more than 100 mass ppm and 1000 mass ppm or less of nitrogen atoms. The SiC formed body preferably has a resistivity of more than 10 ?·cm and 100,000 ?·cm or less, and a light transmittance at a wavelength of 950 nm of 0 to 1%.

Abstract: A method of drilling a wellbore in a subterranean formation comprises circulating a water-based or oil-based drilling fluid in the subterranean formation; the water-based or oil-based drilling fluid comprising a carrier, and a superabsorbent polymer present in an amount effective to reduce fluid leakoff during the drilling operation, the superabsorbent polymer comprising crosslinks formed before the superabsorbent polymer is combined with the carrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to: a polymer particle in which a urethane resin (A1) and an acrylic polymer (B1) are included in a single particle, said polymer particle having a gel fraction of 10% or more as measured using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent; a polymer particle in which a urethane resin (A2) having a sulfonic acid group and an acrylic polymer (B2) are included in a single particle, said polymer particle having a surface acid value of 0.1 to 19 mgKOH/g as measured by a potentiometric titration method; and a method for producing a polymer dispersion. According to the present invention, it becomes possible to provide: a polymer dispersion which has excellent polymerization stability and can have an excellent coating viscosity property and excellent storage stability when used in a coating material; a method for producing the polymer dispersion; and a polymer particle contained in the polymer dispersion.

Abstract: Provided is a toner having a toner particle that contains a binder resin and a magnetic particle, wherein the magnetic particle satisfies the following stipulations (i) to (iii): (i) the magnetic particle has a prescribed shape and has a protruded portion on a plane portion thereof, (ii) the magnetic particle has a core particle that contains magnetite and has a coating layer, and (iii) the coating layer contains an iron-containing oxide and at least one of a silicon-containing oxide and an aluminum-containing oxide. In a molecular weight distribution measured on the tetrahydrofuran-soluble matter of the toner, the ratio (Mw/Mn) of a weight-average molecular weight to a number-average molecular weight is at least 10.0.

Abstract: A method of treating crude oil comprising depleting the content of aromatic hydrocarbons comprising contacting the crude oil with super-paramagnetic or paramagnetic nanoparticles comprising chemical functional groups. The method increases the API gravity of crude oil and reduces the viscosity of said oil. Oil can be depleted in its content of sulphur-containing aromatics using functionalized nanoparticles.

Abstract: A new multifunctional polyelectrolyte, particularly suitable for a solid-state supercapacitor, is obtainable or obtained by reacting an effective amount of vinyl hybrid silica nanoparticles (VSNPs) and a compound having a structural unit based on acrylic acid or a structural unit derived therefrom in the presence of a polymerization initiator. The polyelectrolyte allows for an advantageous tunable ionic conductivity, exceptional self-healability and super-stretchability. An energy storage device, in particular a solid-state supercapacitor, includes the polyelectrolyte. A method for manufacturing a solid-state supercapacitor as well as for repairing a solid-state supercapacitor having cracks is also disclosed. Benefiting from the superior properties of the polyelectrolyte, the energy storage devices based thereon exhibit highly advantageous stretchability and self-healability and an exceptional performance compared to conventionally known devices.

Abstract: Some embodiments herein disclose a process for producing an ethylene polymer or copolymer which contains less than 5 ppm titanium and has a bulk density, in granular form, of at least 22.5 lbs/ft3, using a spheroidal Ziegler-Natta type olefin polymerization catalyst having a particle size distribution characterized by a Dm*/Dn of less than 3.0 and comprising a titanium compound, an aluminum compound, and a spheroidal magnesium chloride support.

Abstract: A method for the transformation of material (e.g. plastic material) into an optically modulating state via laser radiation is described. The optically modulating state may be a state in which light is emitted at a different wavelength than it is absorbed. The plastic material to may be a thermoplastic or elastomeric material, or an organic polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate and polycycloolefin. The laser radiation may comprise the application of an amount of energy of about 0.1 nJoule/?m2 to about 100 ?Joule/?m2 and/or may comprise a radiation of a wavelength of about 355 nm to about 1064 nm. The optically modulating state of the plastic material may absorb light in a wavelength spectrum of about 380 nm to about 540 nm and/or a wavelength spectrum of about 635 nm to about 655 nm. The optically modulating state of the plastic material may emit light in a wavelength spectrum of about 550 nm to about 800 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal nanoplate, a method for manufacturing same, and a conductive ink composition and a conductive film comprising metal nanoplate. The metal nanoplate does not require application of a high temperature and high pressure and thus can be easily manufactured at a low temperature and at normal pressure, and a conductive film or a conductive pattern, among others, having excellent conductivity can be formed even when the conductive ink composition comprising the metal nanoplate is printed on a substrate and then heat-treated or dried at a low temperature. As a result, the metal nanoplate and the conductive ink composition comprising same can be very appropriately applied to various semiconductor elements, display devices, or when forming a conductive pattern or a conductive film for a solar cell in an environment requiring low-temperature firing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst comprising an active component based on molybdenum and on potassium and a support based on hydroxyapatite, and also to a process for preparing said catalyst and a process for producing methyl mercaptan in a catalytic process by reaction of carbon monoxide, sulphur and/or hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen, comprising the use of said catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing particles having a reduced particle size distribution, which method comprises the steps of: a) providing a composition comprising particles; b) subjecting the particles in said composition to a size reduction step or to a size growth step; c) feeding said particles to a first membrane separation system to separate said particles according to size; d) recycling those particles that do not meet the size criteria back to step a); e) optionally, collecting in a collection tank the permeate of the first membrane separation system. Particles obtainable according to the method of the invention and characterized by having a near monodisperse particle size distribution are also provided. The particles are preferably characterized by having a particle size distribution with a span of less than 2.0. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising particles according to the invention, and also apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a diamond compact includes functionalizing surfaces of diamond nanoparticles with fluorine; combining the functionalized diamond nanoparticles with a non-group-VIII metal to form a particle mixture; and subjecting the particle mixture to high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) conditions to form inter-granular bonds between the diamond nanoparticles. A cutting element for an earth-boring tool includes a plurality of grains of diamond material; a plurality of diamond nanoparticles bonded to the plurality of grains of diamond material; and a non-group-VIII metal fluoride disposed within interstitial spaces between the grains of diamond material and the plurality of diamond nanoparticles. The cutting element is substantially free of a metal-solvent catalyst.

Abstract: Providing a silicon-containing material having a novel structure being distinct from the structure of conventional silicon oxide disproportionated to use. A silicon-containing material according to the present invention includes at least the following: a continuous phase including silicon with Si—Si bond, and possessing a bubble-shaped skeleton being continuous three-dimensionally; and a dispersion phase including silicon with Si—O bond, and involved in an area demarcated by said continuous phase to be in a dispersed state.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of: providing a mixture of a polymer or a resin and a transition metal compound, producing a fiber from the mixture, and heating the fiber under conditions effective to form a carbon nanotube-containing carbonaceous fiber. The polymer or resin is an aromatic polymer or a precursor thereof and the mixture is a neat mixture or is combined with a solvent. Also disclosed are a carbonaceous fiber or carbonaceous nanofiber sheet having at least 15 wt. % carbon nanotubes, a fiber or nanofiber sheet having the a polymer or a resin and the transition metal compound, and a fiber or nanofiber sheet having an aromatic polymer and metal nanoparticles.