Abstract: Electrically conductive, thermoplastic and heat-activatable adhesive film, comprising i) a thermoplastic polymer in a proportion of from 30 to 89.9% by weight, ii) one or more tackifying resins in a proportion of from 5 to 50% by weight and/or iii) epoxy resins with hardeners, with or without accelerators, in a proportion of from 5 to 40% by weight, and iv) silver-coated glass beads or silver particles in a proportion of from 0.1 to 40% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals associated to a compound, wherein the nanocrystals have a characteristic spectral emission, wherein said spectral emission is tunable to a desired wavelength by controlling the size of the nanocrystal, and wherein said emission provides information about a biological state or event.

Abstract: The purpose of the invention is to provide a forgery/alteration protective material which containing a retroreflecting material and having an improved forgery/alteration protecting effect against the process of the upper part of the material. In order to achieve the above purpose, the forgery/alteration protective material 2 according to the invention where a retroreflecting material 4 for returning the incident light substantially along the path along which the incident light travels is provided and a transparent film 6 is layered on the retroreflecting material 4 is characterized in that a low transmittance layer 8 formed of a material having a lowerer light transmittance than that of the transparent film 6 is provided between the retroreflecting material 4 and the transparent film layer 6, and the light transmittance of the low transmittance layer 8 is 45% or higher to the light in the wavelength range of 420 nm to 700 nm.

Abstract: This invention provides an antimicrobial glass which exhibits excellent dispersing ability into a resin and excellent transparency besides generating small yellowing and a method for manufacturing the antimicrobial glass. In the antimicrobial glass capable of releasing an Ag ion, a shape of the antimicrobial glass is formed into a polyhedron and, at the same time, an average particle size of the antimicrobial glass is set to a value within a range of 0.1 to 300 &mgr;m.

Abstract: In order to reduce the heat transfer coefficient of coated building panels, the coating and the building panel have a high voidage. This high voidage can be obtained by using a fiber mat and a porous coating applied to the fiber mat. The porous coating includes porous glass particles and a low amount of a binder. The porous glass particles are held together by binder bridges, including a silicate binder and a low amount of an organic dispersion binder, for example an polymeric styrol acrylate. The partial volume filled by the binder bridges is small and therefore there is a remarkable first empty partial volume in between the porous particles. A second empty partial volume is located within the glass particles. The total volume of all pores of the glass particles is a relevant part of the total coating volume. This second empty partial volume is a very good thermal isolation because the individual pores are small and to a high percentage closed chambers not connected to the ambient.

Abstract: The invention relates to coloring pigment granulates and a method for producing the same. The aim of the invention is to provide a granulate and a method for economically producing the same. The granulate disintegrates very quickly once added to a building material that is to be colored. To this end, the granulates are comprised of granulate cores which do not contain binding agents, which have a granular size ranging from 0.1 to 8 mm and which are enclosed by an enveloping layer made of a material that can be broken down. In addition, the granulates have a moisture content <30% and the granulates that do not contain binding agents are produced in a pregranulator, are compacted immediately after granulation and are subsequently subjected to a screening process. Lastly, the useful granular fraction that has been separated out during the screening process is enclosed with an enveloping material.

Abstract: Methods are provided for coating glass waste. A mixture including a universal resin, a curing agent, a flow modifier, and a colorant is applied to the glass waste. The glass waste is then cured. In some embodiments, the mixture is sprayed onto the glass waste. In an alternative embodiment, the mixture is mixed with the glass waste.

Abstract: The present invention relates to optical elements comprising fluorochemical surface treatments. The invention further relates to materials such as retroreflective sheetings, pavement markings and beaded projection screens comprising a binder and the surface treated optical elements. The fluorochemical surface treatment is substantially free of perfluoroalkyl groups having more than four carbon atoms. Preferably, the surface treatment is a polyfluoropolyether-based compound comprising at least one polar group or polar group-containing organic radical.

Abstract: A color effect material is described as composed of a plurality of encapsulated substrate platelets in which each platelet is encapsulated with a highly reflective silver layer which acts as a reflector to light directed thereon, a spacer layer which is selectively transparent to light directed thereon, and an iron oxide layer on the spacer layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to multilayer pigments based on glass flakes and to a method for the production of such pigments. The resulting pigment can be used in any application for which pearlescent pigments have been heretofore used such as, for example, in plastics, paints, inks, cosmetic formulations, coatings including solvent or waterborne automotive paint systems, powder coatings, inks and agriculture foils, for the laser-marking of papers and plastics.

Abstract: Metal oxyanion coated substrates are disclosed comprising a three dimensional inorganic porous substrate having a coating of metal oxyanion on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof, produced by a unique process having particular applicability to the manufacture of metal oxysulfide, oxycarbide and oxynitride coated three dimensional substrates. Certain novel coated substrates, such as diatomite porous substrates are disclosed. The coated substrates are useful in polymers, catalysis, heat dissipation and shielding applications.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium using black magnetic acicular composite particles produced by forming a single carbon black coat between the surface of magnetic acicular cobalt-coated iron oxide particle or magnetic acicular metal particle and a coating comprising at least one organosilicon compound, in an amount of from more than 10 to 40 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the magnetic acicular particles, exhibits not only a smooth surface, a smaller light transmittance and a lower surface electrical resistivity value, but also a small friction coefficient and an excellent running durability.

Abstract: To provide a glass powder for glass ionomer cement, which has an effect for enhancing an adhesive force to a tooth structure as compared with the conventional glass powders for glass ionomer cement, and which is particularly suitable for a paste-like glass ionomer cement composition, the glass powder for glass ionomer cement is subjected to a surface treatment with at least one silane coupling agent having at least one group selected from a mercapto group, an amino group, and an epoxy group, or a surface treatment with at least one silane coupling agent having at least one group selected from a mercapto group, an amino group, and an epoxy group and with at least one vinyl group- or (meth)acryloyl group-containing silane coupling agent at the same time.

Abstract: A rare earth borate in the form of substantially spherical, uniform diameter particles having an average particle diameter of 0.5-2 &mgr;m is prepared by mixing substantially spherical rare earth oxide co-precipitates having an average particle diameter of 0.5-2 &mgr;m with boric acid or boron oxide, and heating the mixture at 600-1100° C. for reaction. It is a useful raw material for phosphor manufacture.

Abstract: A method for effectively decreasing electromagnetic radiation by means of active absorbing material in a broad frequency band, preferably from 100 MHz-10 GHz, is provided wherein the material combines the desired shielding properties with the heat insulating properties of a porous material in addition to providing a favourable ratio between density and resistance. The method includes use of an absorber granulate which consists of a highly porous glass and/or ceramic granulate which is coated or filled with ferrite and/or an electrically conductive material.

Abstract: Bioactive substantially silica-free glass material with a hydroxyapatite layer thereon is described, as well as methods for producing hydroxyapatite on a borate glass.

Abstract: A semiconductor nanocrystal compound is described capable of linking to an affinity molecule. The compound comprises (1) a semiconductor nanocrystal capable of emitting electromagnetic radiation and/or absorbing energy, and/or scattering or diffracting electromagnetic radiation—when excited by an electromagnetic radiation source or a particle beam; and (2) at least one linking agent, having a first portion linked to the semiconductor nanocrystal and a second portion capable of linking to an affinity molecule. The compound is linked to an affinity molecule to form a semiconductor nanocrystal probe capable of bonding with a detectable substance. Subsequent exposure to excitation energy will excite the semiconductor nanocrystal in the probe, causing the emission of electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organosilicon nanocapsule, which includes: a nanoscale core A, which includes: at least one particle including at least one oxide or mixed oxide, KA—O, of at least one metal or semimetal selected from the group including main groups 2 to 6 of the Periodic Table, transition groups 1 to 8 of the Periodic Table, lanthanides, and mixtures thereof; and an organosilicon shell B, which includes: at least one organosilicon compound having the formula (Ia): (Si′O—)xSi—R  (Ia) wherein R is a linear, branched, cyclic or substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms; wherein x is a number from 0 to 20; wherein remaining free valences of Si are each independently (KA—O)—, SiO— or —Z; wherein remaining free valences of Si′ are each independently (KA—O)—, SiO—, —R, or —Z; wherein the Z's are each independently hydroxyl or alkoxy radicals; and wherein each Si and Si′

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for uniformly depositing a coating material from a vaporization source onto a powdered substrate material to form a thin coalescence film of the coating material that smoothly replicates the surface microstructure of the substrate material. The coating material is uniformly deposited on the substrate material to form optical interference pigment particles. The thin film enhances the hiding power and color gamut of the substrate material. Physical vapor deposition process are used for depositing the film on the substrate material. The apparatus and systems employed in forming the coated particles utilize vibrating bed coaters, vibrating conveyor coaters, or coating towers. These allow the powdered substrate material to be uniformly exposed to the coating material vapor during the coating process.

Abstract: Metal Nanoshells having partial coverage of a substrate or core particle and methods of making them are provided. A method of making a partial metal nanoshell preferably includes asymmetrically confining a substrate particle and selectively layering a metallic material over the substrate particle according to the asymmetry. Confining the substrate particle may include attaching it to a support defining an exposed portion and a contact portion. The method may include either chemically modifying the substrate particle. The solid angle of coverage of the partial metal nanoshell may be influenced by the nature of the chemical modification, such as alternatives of activating and passivating the exposed portion.

Abstract: Interference pigment flakes and foils are provided which have color shifting properties. The pigment flakes can have a symmetrical coating structure on opposing sides of a reflector layer, can have an asymmetrical coating structure with all of the layers on one side of the reflector layer, or can be formed with encapsulating coatings around a core reflector layer. The coating structure of the flakes and foils includes a reflector layer, a dielectric layer on the reflector layer, and a titanium-containing absorber layer on the dielectric layer. The pigment flakes and foils exhibit a discrete color shift so as to have a first color at a first angle of incident light or viewing and a second color different from the first color at a second angle of incident light or viewing. The pigment flakes can be interspersed into liquid media such as paints or inks to produce colorant compositions for subsequent application to objects or papers.

Abstract: A filler (1) is envisioned which comprises glass-based granules (2) provided with a sizing composition, in which filler each of the granules (2) consists of a multiplicity of milled glass fragments (3) agglomerated together by the agency of a sizing composition (4) containing especially a compound chosen from esters of alkylsilicic acids, particularly an aminosilane. The process comprises a milling step (6) during which the glassy material is comminuted into fragments by this milling, a metering step (7) during which a mixture including the fragments (3) and the sizing composition (4) is formed and an agglomeration step (8) during which the mixture is dried so as to form granules each including a multiplicity of fragments (3) and dried parts of the sizing composition (4).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a binder composition containing

Abstract: Multilayered metal oxide coated substrates are disclosed comprising a three dimensional inorganic substrate having a coating of metal oxide on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof, produced by a unique process having particular applicability to the manufacture of tin oxide coated three dimensional substrates. Certain novel coated substrates, such as flakes, spheres and porous substrates are disclosed. The coated substrates are useful in polymers, catalysis, heating and shielding applications.

Abstract: Dental composites containing hybrid fillers and process for their production. Dental compounds are disclosed which contain two- or multi-phase inorganic fillers in an organic polymer matrix. These are characterized by improved abrasion resistance.

Abstract: Multilayered metal oxide coated substrates are disclosed comprising a three dimensional inorganic substrate having a coating of metal oxide and a thermally associated barrier coating on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof, produced by a unique process having particular applicability to the manufacture of tin oxide coated three dimensional substrates. Certain novel coated substrates, such as flakes, spheres and porous substrates are disclosed. The coated substrates are useful in polymer, catalysis, heating and shielding applications.

Abstract: Metal oxide coated substrates are disclosed comprising a three dimensional inorganic nano substrate having a coating of metal oxide on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof, produced by a unique process having particular applicability to the manufacture of tin oxide coated three dimensional substrates. Certain novel coated substrates, such as flakes, spheres and porous substrates are disclosed. The coated substrates are useful in polymer, catalysis, heating and shielding applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to optical elements comprising fluorochemical surface treatments. The invention further relates to materials such as retroreflective sheetings, pavement markings and beaded projection screens comprising a binder and the surface treated optical elements. The fluorochemical surface treatment is substantially free of perfluoroalkyl groups having more than four carbon atoms. Preferably, the surface treatment is a polyfluoropolyether-based compound comprising at least one polar group or polar group-containing organic radical.

Abstract: Composite particles made of a binder and filler material are provided for use in subterranean formations. The filler is finely divided mineral and optional fiber. The particles are proppants useful to prop open subterranean formation fractures. The particles are also useful for water filtration and artificial turf for sports fields. Methods of making the composite particles are also disclosed.

Abstract: The following artificial stone having a deep color tone and a glaze and having a luminousness is provided at low costs. An artificial mixture in which a fine powder component of an inorganic material having a size of from 5 to 70 mesh is used, the sum of this fine powder component and a finely divided component of an inorganic material of 100 mesh-under is 89% by weight or more of the product and a resin component is 11% or less is struck and integrated into a cured slab which has been cured.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for uniformly depositing a coating material from a vaporization source onto a powdered substrate material to form a thin coalescence film of the coating material that smoothly replicates the surface microstructure of the substrate material. The coating material is uniformly deposited on the substrate material to form optical interference pigment particles. The thin film enhances the hiding power and color gamut of the substrate material. Physical vapor deposition process are used for depositing the film on the substrate material. The apparatus and systems employed in forming the coated particles utilize vibrating bed coaters, vibrating conveyor coaters, or coating towers. These allow the powdered substrate material to be uniformly exposed to the coating material vapor during the coating process.

Abstract: Dental glass powders, methods for producing the powders and dental compositions including the glass powders. The powders preferably have a well-controlled particle size, narrow size distribution and a spherical morphology. The method includes forming the particles by a spray pyrolysis technique. The invention also includes dental filler and restorative compositions that include the glass powders.

Abstract: In-organic fillers are modified by in-situ co-polymerization of vinyl silane and another vinyl monomer. Vinyl silane couples with the filler by Si—O bonds. The remaining vinyl groups on the surface of the treated fillers then co-polymerize with the other vinyl monomer. The modified in-organic fillers treated by the in-situ co-polymerization are subsequently used to fill the polymer matrix. Tensile and impact strength of filler-reinforced polymer composites are improved remarkably.

Abstract: Silicon balls of single crystal silicon for use in semiconductir circuit substrates or the like, which have been lapped to satisfy necessary requirements and a method of making the same. The silicon ball of single crystal silicon is a lapped ball of single crystal silicon having a sphericity of not greater than 0.08 &mgr;m and also having a residue stress layer of not greater than 5 &mgr;m in a depth from a processing surface thereof on one side in negative and positive directions. The method of making the silicon balls makes use of a pair of lapping tables 2 and 3 supported in face-to-face relation with each other. One or both of the lapping tables 2 and 3 is prepared from finely divided abrasive particles hardened by the use of a resinous bonding material. Workpieces W of single crystal silicon are sandwiched between the lapping tables 2 and 3 and are lapped to provide the lapped balls.

Abstract: According to the present invention, the previously known functional material having a self-assembled monolayer on a substrate has a plurality of assembly molecules each with an assembly atom with a plurality of bonding sites (four sites when silicon is the assembly molecule) wherein a bonding fraction (or fraction) of fully bonded assembly atoms (the plurality of bonding sites bonded to an oxygen atom) has a maximum when made by liquid solution deposition, for example a maximum of 40% when silicon is the assembly molecule, and maximum surface density of assembly molecules was 5 silanes per square nanometer. Note that bonding fraction and surface population are independent parameters. The method of the present invention is an improvement to the known method for making a siloxane layer on a substrate, wherein instead of a liquid phase solution chemistry, the improvement is a supercritical phase chemistry.

Abstract: Construction material from granular material reclaimed from the ash of a municipal waste combustor wherein the ash is subjected to sorting and separating recovered metals, the granular material including particles having a maximum particle diameter of 5 to 40 mm, a U-coefficient of 10 or more, and ignition loss of 10% or less in weight and being subjected to at least one heavy metal immobilization agent, preferably phosphoric acid; and a second heavy metal immobilization agent consisting of ferrous sulfate. The ash is further subjected to drying before subjecting the ash to the at least one heavy metal immobilization agent. The ash is further subjected to mulling the material after subjecting the ash to the at least one heavy metal immobilization agent.

Abstract: Low density composite particles made of a binder and filler material are provided for use in subterranean formations. The filler includes low density filler and optionally other filler. The binder includes a polymer and optionally cement. The particles may be employed as proppants useful to prop open subterranean formation fractures. The particles are also useful for gravel packing in subterranean formations, water filtration and artificial turf for sports fields. Methods of making the composite particles are also disclosed.

Abstract: Potassium titanate powder with no risk of carcinogenic property, comprising particles with a length of less than 2 &mgr;m, a length/breadth ratio of less than 5 and, further, comprising 90% or more of particles with the ratio less than 2 and 97% or more of particles with the ratio of less than 3, based on the ratio of the number of particles.

Abstract: A coating composition having a water soluble emulsion polymer binder. The binder is a blend of a first emulsion containing a conjugated diene as monomer or comonomer, and a second emulsion containing an acrylic polymer. An effective amount of electrically conductive particles is dispersed in the binder. The particles include a combination of graphite particles, and metal containing particles. A solvent effective amount of water is also present.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to microemulsion techniques for rapidly preparing photochromic glass nanoparticles and to the photochromic glass nanoparticles so prepared. More particularly, the method of the invention comprises the combination of two microemulsions, one containing a water-soluble silver salt and a glass precursor and the other containing a halide salt and an initiator for glass formation, which process rapidly yields silver halide particles. This invention gives nanometer-sized silver halide particles embedded in glass, thus providing photochromic glass nanoparticles without further annealing, or at most mild annealing. These nanoparticles are valuable as added components to any macro-material that one might wish to have photochromic properties. The particles would impart photochromism while not affecting the physical properties of the material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite particle containing a solid inorganic or organic colorless support material and adherent to it an inorganic and/or organic pigment particle, wherein the pigment particle has an average particle size of 1 nm to 100 nm, comprises at least one primary pigment particle and the minimum average distance between two pigment particles is at least one quarter of the diameter of the primary pigment particle, whereby the modified inorganic and organic pigments, depending on the pigment material, can be used as IR light absorbers or as color-imparting agents and give rise to a negligible haze in the matrix.

Abstract: A three dimensional substrate, with shielded surfaces, having metal oxide-containing coatings is disclosed. The coated substrates are produced by a process comprising contacting a substrate with a metal oxide precursor reactant mixture at fast reaction and elevated temperature reaction conditions to form a substrate containing metal oxide on at least a portion of the three dimensions and shielded surfaces of the substrate. Also disclosed are substrates coated with metal oxide-containing coatings for use in various applications including catalysis, shielding, electrostatic dissipation and battery applications.

Abstract: A reinforced polypropylene mirror assembly, and process for making the same, are described. The mirror assembly, especially the components thereof, includes a long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene material. Additionally, various additives may also be included in the reinforced polypropylene material, such as a UV stabilizer. Because of the physical properties of the reinforced polypropylene material, it is possible to combined several individual components of a conventional automobile side view mirror assembly into single, integral components, thus reducing part content, vehicle weight, and construction costs.

Abstract: Preparations of particles having a glass surface, wherein more than 75% by weight of these particles have a particle size between 0.5 &mgr;m and 15 &mgr;m and a glass surface which contains between 2 and 6 mole % zinc oxide, have proven to be particularly advantageous in processes for the purification of nucleic acids. This in particular results in an increased nucleic acid yield.

Abstract: A light diffusing coating for use on the exterior surfaces of the glass envelopes of electric lamps. The light diffusing coating containing a bimodal distribution of fine and ultrafine silica scattering centers which are adhered to each other and the glass surface by a sol gel derived silica.

Abstract: A hydrophilic powder such as silica, adapted for dispersion in organic solvents and polymers, is provided with a coating over the outer surface of the powder particles to modify the surface characteristic from polar to non-polar or organophilic, whereby the thus coated powder is readily dispersible without agglomeration or enlargement of the powder particles. Preferred are nano-sized powders.

Abstract: A water based coating composition which does not require a primer for application over wood, masonry, metal, vinyl siding and previously painted surfaces and can be applied over these surfaces in a single coat to provide the tannin blocking, hiding, corrosion resistance and durability of a conventional primer plus two coats of latex paint.

Abstract: According to the present invention, the previously known functional material having a self-assembled monolayer on a substrate has a plurality of assembly molecules each with an assembly atom with a plurality of bonding sites (four sites when silicon is the assembly molecule) wherein a bonding fraction (or fraction) of fully bonded assembly atoms (the plurality of bonding sites bonded to an oxygen atom) has a maximum when made by liquid solution deposition, for example a maximum of 40% when silicon is the assembly molecule, and maximum surface density of assembly molecules was 5 silanes per square nanometer. Note that bonding fraction and surface population are independent parameters. The method of the present invention is an improvement to the known method for making a siloxane layer on a substrate, wherein instead of a liquid phase solution chemistry, the improvement is a supercritical phase chemistry.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide hollow glass microspheres having particle properties of a low particle density and grain size properties of a sharp grain size distribution, having a high homogeneity and having such strength that they are less likely to fracture during processing. In the present invention, a glass material containing a foaming agent and containing B2O3 in an amount of from 9 to 20%, is subjected to wet grinding to obtain a slurry having an average particle size of at most 3 &mgr;m, droplets thereof are heated, to obtain hollow glass microspheres having an average particle size of at most 15 &mgr;m, a maximum particle size of at most 45 &mgr;m, a particle density of at most 0.5 g/cm3 and a grain size gradient of at most 2.

Abstract: Coated particles made of particulate substrates having a coating of resin and fibrous material are provided for use in subterranean formations. The coated substrate particles are proppants useful to prop open subterranean formation fractures. The coated substrate particles are also useful for sand control, that is, acting as a filter or screen to prevent backwards flow of sand, other proppants or subterranean formation particles. Methods of making the coated particles are also disclosed.