Abstract: This invention comprises an impact-resisting glazing structure having a support frame and a multilayered composite secured in the frame wherein the composite comprises two sheets of glass spaced apart by an interior spacer positioned along the periphery of the glass sheets with a polyester film adhered to the interior surface of one of the glass sheets. The polyester film has an asymmetric orientation of crystals and molecules in the amorphous regions and having an in-plane distribution of crystalline and amorphous phases in which the (100) planes of said crystals lie in the film plane and wherein in the film, said crystals have chain axes oriented toward the transverse direction such that dominant physical properties are obtained in the transverse direction.

Abstract: Disclosed in this invention is an optical filter to enhance the contrast and brightness of images from a color display. The filter comprises suitable dyes and a polymer matrix, applied in a suitable form on the display unit. Such filters have utility in devices based on CRTs, plasmas and the like.

Abstract: A laminated and insulated glass window construction, especially for use in entryway glass lites. The window includes first and second glass sheets mounted in facing, spaced apart relationship. An adhesive layer is disposed on an outer surface of the first glass sheet and a third glass sheet is adhered to the first glass sheet by the adhesive layer. A decorative element may be disposed within the space created between the first and second glass sheets. This decorative element may be a separate panel or a resinous layer adhered to an inside surface of one of the first and second glass sheets.

Abstract: A composite surface covering includes a substrate and an inorganic wear layer. The composite surface covering retains its performance characteristics after mechanical embossing. Preferably, the inorganic wear layer of the surface covering is deposited on the substrate by a reduced pressure environment vapor deposition technique. Preferably, the inorganic wear layer is aluminum oxide. The preferred substrate is a plastic material.

Abstract: Cyclic silane esters and solvolysis products thereof and processes for making these materials. The cyclic silanes and their solvolysis products are useful as adhesives, crosslinking agents and reagents for modifying polymers containing ester groups.

Abstract: Electrochromic devices and processes for preparing the same are provided which do not require a separate process step of ion intercalation by employing an electrochromically-inert reducing or oxidizing additive in the electrochemically active material or the electrolyte of the electrochromic devices.

Abstract: A soundproofing laminated glass pane comprising at least two transparent rigid sheets, at least one plastic film, and at least one film having ordinary acoustic performance, provides acoustic results just as good as the plastic film alone. The two films may be separated by an impermeable thin film, such as polyethylene terephthalate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ornamental glass which can be used as decorative windows, doors, curtain walls, or the like in houses, buildings, automobiles, boats, or any living environments where division between the interior and the exterior is required. In particular, the ornamental glass features an embedded pattern designed for decorative purpose and a oneway light-transmitting quality that allows a viewer standing on the exterior side to see only the designed pattern but not the scene behind while a viewer standing on the interior side can see a translucent view of the exterior scene. The ornamental glass comprises a first sheet of transparent glass; a decorative pattern layer coated upon the first transparent glass sheet, and a second sheet of transparent glass placed upon the layer of decorative pattern.

Abstract: A colorant of ultrafine particles for providing transparent color includes ultrafine metal particles, a fixing agent and a glass forming material. The ultrafine metal particles can be gas condensed ultrafine metal particles or polymer compound ultrafine metal particles. The colorant produces a transparent colored film on a substrate.

Abstract: A chemically adsorbed film having a surface layer containing fluorine groups and a stem layer chemically bonded by siloxane bonds to a substrate is formed on the surface of a frictional portion of a machine part such as a gear or a bearing or on the surface of a game ball. An excellently self-lubricating low frictional resistance machine part or game ball thus can be obtained. A frictional portion of a gear or the like, made of SiO.sub.2 or like ceramic material, is dipped and held in a solution containing a surface active material, e.g., CF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.7 (CH.sub.2).sub.2 SiCl.sub.3 dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent. A hydrochloric acid removal reaction is brought about between SiCl groups of the material, which contains a fluorocarbon and a chlorosilane group, and hydroxyl groups numerously present on the SiO2 surface, thus forming bonds ofCF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.7 (CH.sub.2).sub.2 Si(O--).sub.3over the entire frictional portion surface.

Abstract: A composite deposited film including (A) a polymeric film substrate; (B) a deposit of an inorganic material formed on at least one side of the polymeric film substrate (A); and (C) a water-resistant film laminated on the deposit (B) and formed from a mixture containing a polycarboxylic acid or a partially neutralized product thereof and a saccharide in a weight ratio of 95:5 to 20:80 is provided. A production process of a composite deposited film, which includes the steps of forming a deposit (B) of an inorganic material on at least one side of a polymeric film substrate (A); casting a solution of a mixture containing a polycarboxylic acid or a partially neutralized product thereof and a saccharide in a weight ratio of 95:5 to 20:80 on the deposit (B); drying the mixture to form a film; and then subjecting the resultant dry film to a heat treatment at a temperature not lower than 100.degree. C. (373 K), thereby forming a water-resistant film (C) on the deposit (B), is also provided.

Abstract: A layer of glass, and an optically clear or transparent coating layer bonded to at least one surface of the glass layer by an interposed layer of optically clear adhesive having a peel strength of at least 3,000 grams per square inch. The coating layer generally includes a plurality of polymeric plies or strata, which are preferably made of a polyester material. The adhesive layer is preferably a pressure sensitive acrylic resin. The coating layer preferably includes an ultraviolet absorbing polyester ply, a reflective polyester ply which will generally include a metallized surface, and an outermost scratch resistant ply that prevents scratching of the coating layer which will reduce optical transparency. The coating layer may additionally include a protective polyester ply adjacent to the metallized surface of the reflective ply.

Abstract: An ultraviolet absorbing multilayer coating formed on one side of a transparent substrate includes a first layer formed on a surface of the transparent substrate and a second layer formed on the first layer. The first layer is an ultraviolet absorbing film of a hardened primer coating of a synthetic resin which is mixed with a fluorescent brightening agent and an ultraviolet absorbing agent. The second layer is a film of a siloxane polymer. An optional infrared reflecting coating is interposed between the transparent substrate and the first layer. The ultraviolet rays until the upper limit of its wavelength can be substantially absorbed by the multilayer coating.

Abstract: A tear resistant film comprises more than five layers situated one on the other in a parallel array. The layers are individually selected from a stiff polyester or copolyester, a ductile polymeric material, and optionally, an intermediate material. The stiff polyester or copolyester is oriented in at least one direction. Tear resistance may be measured in a Graves area test and reflects the ability of the film to absorb energy. The films of the invention are useful in many articles including security control laminates for glazing members.

Abstract: In an optical element, an optically transparent substance is sandwiched between transparent paired plate-shaped elements by utilizing a connection member capable of deforming, and the angle formed by the paired plate-shaped elements is caused to vary by a force applied thereto from the outside, so that a predetermined optical characteristic for the passing light rays is obtained. The connection member is constructed from a high-molecular material capable of molding.

Abstract: A transparent glass/plastic material composite pane, comprising at least one transparent plastic pane, at least one glass pane and according to demand an adhesion-promoting intermediate layer between the glass pane and the plastic pane, the glass pane being a glass film of a layer thickness of from 30 to 1,000 .mu.m.

Abstract: A decorative board comprising an inorganic substrate comprising an inorganic material other than a metal or a glass and having an organic or inorganic layer on a surface thereof, the substrate having consecutively thereon (1) a transfer base layer comprising a polyol-curing polyurethane resin, which is transparent or contains a colorant so as to have a color with hiding properties; (2) a transfer-printed layer having a pattern; and (3) a topcoat layer comprising a polyol-curing polyurethane resin.

Abstract: A laminated carrier film for use in a ceramic green sheet, (A) which comprises a core layer formed of an addition polymer, two support layers formed of a polyester and mounted at the side of both surfaces of the core layer, and two release layers laminated on outer surfaces of the two support layers, and (B) in which at least one of two adhesions between the core layer and the two support layers is 0.8 to 8 g/25 mm.

Abstract: A method of cooking edible foods by heating the foods on an electromagnetic cooker cover plate, formed by molding using a composition comprising a wholly aromatic, liquid crystalline polyester and a filler, said composition having a heat deformation temperature of not lower than 200.degree. C. at a load of 18.5 kg/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: Mandrels for use in the manufacture of nickel shells by vapour deposition of nickel from gaseous nickel carbonyl. The mandrels comprise a body formed of a composite material of a matrix, for example, a ceramic material or an organic polymeric compound, and a filler, for example, metal, metal oxides, carbon in particulate form and having the same coefficient of thermal expansion as nickel. The invention includes processes of manufacturing the shells using the composite mandrel and shells made thereby. The shells have improved non-deformability in operation and are of use as molds in the mass production of plastic articles.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another are C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, or phenyl or benzyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by F, Cl, Br, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy or di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl)amino.The compounds are suitable as .pi.-acceptors and electrical semiconductors, and they can be used for antistatic finishing of objects.

Abstract: In a fire-protection and safety glass panel having a transparent appearance and dual functions as a fire protection glass for shutting out flame and smoke for a long period of time upon occurrence of fire and as a safety glass which is neither shattered into pieces and nor forms any through hole if it is broken in an ordinary life, a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film (12) is arranged between a first glass plate (10) and a second glass plate (11). The first and the second glass plates (10 and 11) and the PET film (12) are adhered through transparent acrylic adhesive agent layers (13 and 14), respectively. An intermediate resin layer comprises the PET film (12) and the adhesive agent layers (13 and 14) and has a thickness between 75 and 200 .mu.m.

Abstract: A barrier coating against oxygen and water vapor penetration for a plastic packaging film comprising two oxides, one of which is SiO.sub.2 while the other is Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. The barrier is a single layer of mixed oxides in which the concentration of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 increases continuously from 20% by weight to 80% by weight while the concentration of SiO.sub.2 decreases continuously from 80% by weight to 20% by weight as the thickness of the mixed oxide layer increases from the surface of the plastic film. The plastic film is preferably polyethylene terephthalate or polyphenylene oxide and the barrier coating is transparent.

Abstract: Coated glass containers having a surface cured composition which is the reaction product of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monoene, a polyene and a curing initiator. The coating is bonded to the exterior or interior surface of a glass container to increase hardness and strength.

Abstract: This invention relates to multiple glass/plastic laminates for ballistic resistant and security applications. The laminates typically comprise a glass lite and a plastic sheet, such as polycarbonate, bonded with an adhesive based on a novel solvent free thermosetting alkyd resin. Subsequent layers can be polycarbonate sheets and/or acrylic sheets and glass lites with the adhesive layer separating the lites and sheets.Further, this invention relates to a vertical liquid pour process which enables the rapid manufacture of bullet resistant glass/plastic laminates without the need for expensive ultra-violet or heat curing ovens. The adhesive cures at temperatures ranging from 60.degree. F. to 90.degree. F. High temperature and high pressure treatments are unnecessary. Laminates produced in this manner with adhesive interlayer will pass all intended ballistic or security tests within a 12 hour period.

Abstract: An improved decorative wall covering that gives the fabric-like appearance but that can be used in high humidity areas such as bathrooms or showers comprising a laminate made up of acrylic cast clear plastic sheet, a clear polyester resin layer, a fabric having a print thereon connected to the clear polyester resin, another layer of polyester resin on the other side of the fabric and a pigmented resin polyester all forming a sturdy laminate that can be cut in sheets and attached on wall surfaces.

Abstract: Resin compositions containing (a) unsaturated polyester, (b) polymerizable monomer, (c) thermoplastic resin, (d) a polymerization initiator, and (e) hollow glass microspheres with a true density of 0.5 to 1.3 g/cm.sup.3 and an elution alkalinity of 0.05 meq/g or less; molding materials obtained by impregnating glass fibers with such resin compositions; and molded products obtained by curing such molding materials.The molding materials have a superior workability and are useful for the production of parts to be coated, such as automotive external body panels. The molded products are light in weight and are highly resistant to water. Defective adhesion of coating or blisters does not occur.

Abstract: A multilayer composite having improved chemical resistance and improved intimate holding between layers is provided comprising(A) a layer of a polyamide-based molding composition having a specified level of amino end groups, and(B) a molding composition comprising a blend of a linear crystalline polyester and a polymer having a specified level of reactive end groups other than epoxide groups.

Abstract: A lead-free anticorrosive formulation applied in layer form for the protection of metal films applied to transparent supports, said formulation comprising a binder consisting of at least one resin selected from the group consisting of isomerized rubber, urethane oil, alkyd, modified alkyd, acrylic, phenol and epoxy resins; at least one melamine resin; a corrosion-inhibiting pigment consisting cyanoacetylurea; fillers; metal oxides; at least one solvent; and adhesion promoting additives. Said formulation being particularly useful with mirrors, reflective surfaces and the like.

Abstract: A laminated ornamental glass article has two transparent glass substrates and three coating layers of opaque figures and crevices between the two transparent glass substrates. This allows a person at one side of the glass article to see through the glass article an object at the opposite side of the glass article, while another person on the opposite side may only see the opaque figures on the glass article. The three coating layers include a glaze figure layer, a white paint layer and a dark, ink layer. Each layer has the same figure patterns and the same crevices, the crevices being adapted to be filled with an adhesive material for bonding the two transparent glass substrates.

Abstract: An acoustic glazing intended for land transportation vehicles and including first and second glass sheets separated by an interlayer region, wherein the acoustic transmission loss differs at most by 5 dB from a figure increasing of 9 dB per octave from 800 to 2000 Hz and of 3 dB per octave above that. As examples, double glazings or laminated glazings are presented featuring an interlayer with a pronounced damping. The acoustic glazing will then operate to effectively eliminate aerodynamic noises in moving vehicles.

Abstract: A bullet resistant glass screen is made of a number of glass sheets which can be standard thicknesses window glass, separated by air gaps. Security films, preferably made of polyester, are provided on the front and rear surfaces of the glass sheets. A pressure sensitive adhesive can be used to adhere the security films to the glass sheets. The resistance off the screen to penetration by a bullet is increased by increasing the thickness of the air gaps.

Abstract: A safety windowpane and process of manufacture made of laminated glass. The windowpane includes two glasses made of annealed, hardened or quenched glass 1, 2 bonded to one another by an insert sheet of synthetic material 3 to the opposite faces of which the glasses are adhesively attached. The sheet includes in the material a line 4 of discontinuity in mechanical strength of relatively small width. The line defines an outline of preopening of a surface area such that after breaking of the glasses 1, 2 and rupture along the outline, it offers a sufficient passage for a human body.

Abstract: A soda-lime glass containing vanadium which can be produced by the float process with high UV absorption for wavelengths below 350 nm. The glass comprises 70 to 74 weight % SiO.sub.2, 0 to 2 weight % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.1 weight % or less Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0 to 0.15 weight % TiO.sub.2, 7.5 to 10 weight % CaO, 3.5 to 5.4 weight % MgO, 12 to 15 weight % Na.sub.2 O, 0 to 1 weight % K.sub.2 O, 0 to 0.02 weight % BaO, 0.1 to 0.3 weight % SO.sub.3, 3 to 7 weight ppm CoO and 0.1 to 0.3 weight % V.sub.2 O.sub.5.

Abstract: A method of protecting a metal layer of a solar reflecting coating on a heat-shrinkable substrate, which are components of a prelaminate for a laminated window, from atmospheric corrosion. The prelaminate is cut partially through its thickness adjacent the edge and when the region of the cut is later exposed to elevated temperature, preferably during the laminating process forming the window, the substrate shrinks to create a channel into which flows plasticized polyvinyl butyral (PVB) to block the edge wall of the coating inward of the channel from the surrounding atmosphere.

Abstract: This invention relates to multiple glass/plastic laminates for ballistic resistant and security applications. The laminates typically comprise a glass lite and a plastic sheet, such as polycarbonate, bonded with an adhesive based on a novel solvent free thermosetting alkyd resin. Subsequent layers can be polycarbonate sheets and/or acrylic sheets and glass lites with the adhesive layer separating the lites and sheets.The resin developed specifically for this application is an unsaturated polyester designed to be highly flexible, tough, low exotherm and compatible with t-butyl styrene. This monomer is unique in that it does not etch acrylic or polycarbonate sheets.Further, this invention relates to a vertical liquid pour process which enables the rapid manufacture of bullet resistant glass/plastic laminates without the need for expensive ultra-violet or heat curing ovens. The adhesive cures at temperatures ranging from 60.degree. F. to 90.degree. F.

Abstract: Provided is a method for laminating PBZT/fusible sol-gel glass microcomposite film layers by applying an adhesive of fusible sol-gel glass to the bonding surfaces of such films and compressing the film layers and the so-formed adhesive layer therebetween, at sufficient temperature and pressure to laminate the film and adhesive layers together. The sol-gel glass infiltrant and adhesive may be of the same or different materials. Desirably, the bonding surfaces of such films are roughened before application of the adhesive layer therebetween. The invention also includes the laminates prepared by the above method which laminates exhibit good coherent bonding between layers, high tensile strength and good interlaminar strength between layers for fabrication into durable high-strength space-age structures.

Abstract: Reinforced glass produced by overlaying a coating of thin material on a surface of a plate of glass which is optionally silvered, coating a mixture of silicone and epoxy resin on another surface of the glass, and drying at ambient temperature. A layer of highly-exothermic unsaturated polyester resin is then coated on the surface of the glass and dried. The glass is placed into a mould with the uncoated surface facing downwards. A suitable amount of lowly-exothermic unsaturated polyester resin is poured into the mould. A layer of highly-exothermic unsaturated polyester resin is coated on a surface of a plate of reinforcing material and dried. Before the lowly-exothermic unsaturated polyester resin is completely dried, the reinforcing material is overlaid on the glass with the coated surface of the reinforcing material facing downwards. The resultant assembly is then pressed and dried.

Abstract: Photographic element having high dimensional stability comprising a hydrophobic polyester film support, a barrier layer retarding diffusion of water in liquid or vapor phase into the hydrophobic polyester film support, and at least one hydrophilic image-precursor layer, said barrier layer being a vapor-deposited glass layer.

Abstract: An assembled battery including a plurality of bipolar cells is disclosed. In one embodiment, the battery a plurality of conduits for introducing electrolyte into the bipolar cells, each of the conduits acting to introduce electrolyte into a different one of the bipolar cells. In another embodiment, the battery comprises at least one spacer element acting to maintain the spacing between plates and/or electrodes in the battery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laminated glass, more specifically to an airplane windshield. The present laminated glass offers excellent resistance to breakage, and particularly, to cleavage of the sheets of glass from plastic layer(s) laminated therewith.

Abstract: Coating compositions which comprise: (i) a hydroxy-functional compound containing in the molecule an average of at least two hydroxyl groups; (ii) an anhydride-functional compound containing in the molecule an average of at least two cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride groups; and (iii) an epoxy-functional compound containing in the molecule an average of at least two cycloaliphatic epoxy groups, provide low temperature cure response and excellent durability.

Abstract: An electrostatic attracting sheet which is used in a paper sheet-attracting device of X-Y plotter or the like, the attracting sheet being made of a high polymer substance selected from a group consisting of plastics such as polyurethane, polyacetal, polyamide and polyester, and synthetic rubbers and electrically conductive coated crystal whiskers of potassium titanate dispersed in the high polymer substance. In a first embodiment, the whiskers are homogeneously dispersed in the attracting sheet at 5 to 15 wt. % of the substance, the whiskers being 0.1 to 0.3 .mu.m in diameter, 10 to 30 .mu.m in length and coated with tin or antimony, to produce a sheet having a thickness of 0.2 to 0.8 mm and a volume resistivity on the order of 10.sup.13 .OMEGA.cm. In a second embodiment, the whiskers are distributed in the attracting sheet, in such a state that their longitudinal axes align with a direction in which a surface of the attracting sheet extends, at 2 to 8 wt. % of the substance, the whiskers being 0.2 to 0.5 .

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a coating composition for coloring transparent containers such as glass bottles, the composition comprising a combination of a film-former such as an acrylic resin, a metal-free polymeric dye reactive with the resin, an adhesion promoter (and optionally an ultraviolet light absorber). Also disclosed are a method of coating containers with such a composition and the resulting product.

Abstract: Provided are novel thermosetting powder coating compositions comprised of blends of certain amorphous polyesters, polyesters containing 1,4- and 1,3-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)-benzene, and cross-linking agents. Coatings provided therefrom possess good gloss, impact strength, and flexibility.

Abstract: A composition capable of being applied as a film and hardening to form a protective layer on the back of a mirror comprises a fluid organic resin and a corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of dicyandiamide and metal or acid salt thereof. The organic resin may be any thermoplastic or thermosetting resin suitable for coating the reflective and other metallic layers of the mirror. Exemplary resins include alkyd resins, acrylic resins, modified alkyd resins, polyesters, urethane oils, vinyl halide polymers or copolymers, oleoresinous varnishes, nitrocellulose compositions, phenol-formaldehyde resin varnishes, and epoxy resins. Preferably, the resin is an alkyd or modified alkyd resin. The dicyandiamide or metal or acid salt or dicyandiamide may be present in an amount from about 0.1 to 20 weight percent, preferably 0.5 to 10 weight percent, of the organic resin coating system. The resin system should be essentially free of lead and lead salts.

Abstract: A glazing panel and hollow glazing panel, the hollow glazing panel including a first pane, a second pane held in spaced-apart, face-to-face relationship with the first pane, and a plurality of localized damping members positioned between the first and second panes, adherent thereto, and distributed therebetween over the area of the opposing faces thereof, wherein the first pane comprises a pair of vitreous sheets and an intervening layer of polymeric material separating the sheets of the pair and to which the sheets adhere, wherein the first pane has a shape, an area, and a total mass of vitreous material, and may be compared to a notional monolithic vitreous sheets having a coincidence frequency (.phi..sub.m) and a critical frequency of coincidence, wherein the first pane has a coincidence frequency (.phi..sub.

Abstract: A self-extinguishing blanket comprises an insulating layer of glass fiber strands which include air spaces within the layer. Each surface of the layer has a bi-directional strand reinforced plastic film which extends continuously along the surface for keeping moisture out of the layer. Each plastic film is attached to the associated surface of the insulation layer by non-contiguous, longitudinally and laterally spaced apart areas of a thermoplastic adhesive. The adhesive areas provide attachment between the strand reinforcement and the layer of glass fiber strands. Each area of adhesive attachment provides sufficient retention to prevent shifting of the film during the sewing together of peripheral edge portions of the sandwiched plastic films and inner insulation layer as required to produce a selected, peripheral configuration of a blanket package.

Abstract: A reaction curable composition comprising, as reactive materials, a polyisocyanate component comprising a diisocyanate and a tri or higher functional polyisocyanate and having an average equivalent molecular weight of from 120 to 240, and a polyol component comprising a diol and a tri or higher functional polyol and having an average equivalent molecular weight of from 100 to 550.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a combination of a film-former, a metal-free, reactive colorant, ultraviolet light absorber and an adhesion promoter in an effective combination to substantially block transmission of light through a container in order to reduce lightstruck phenomenon.