Abstract: An antistatic film includes a substrate, a lower coating layer positioned on the substrate and including a conductive material, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and silsesquioxane (SSQ), and an upper coating layer positioned on the lower coating layer and including the conductive material and tetraethyl orthosilicate.

Abstract: A multilayer encapsulation thin-film and a method and apparatus for preparing a multilayer encapsulation thin-film are provided. The multilayer encapsulation thin-film includes an inorganic thin film that includes a metal oxide, and an organic thin film that includes a polymer and is formed on the inorganic thin film, where the inorganic thin film and the organic thin film are alternately stacked in multiple layers.

Abstract: An adhesive system including a synergistic combination of a light curable silicone-containing adhesive composition and an amine-containing primer composition that provides desirable bond strength between two articles preferably one of the articles including a polyolefin or polyolefin-based thermoplastic elastomer. Methods of connecting articles, preferably those utilized in fluid transfer applications, utilizing the adhesive system and the resulting adhered assemblies are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are high solids, one-component, storage stable coating compositions that include an epoxy resin comprising more than one 1,2-epoxy groups per molecule; a hydrocarbon compound having a softening point of from 50° C. to 140° C.; an alkoxy-functional and/or silanol-functional silicone; and a ketimine curing agent comprising a reaction product of reactants comprising a polyalkyldiamine component and a ketone component. Also disclosed are substrates at least partially coated with a coating deposited from such composition and methods for coating substrates with such compositions.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a silicone coating material which, when applied to a transparent substrate such as glass, can provide a coating film which is excellent in surface uniformity and adhesion, has high hardness, and has characteristics capable of sufficiently shielding heat rays such as near-infrared rays. The silicone coating material comprises a silane solution comprising an alkoxysilane hydrolysate and a dispersion of indium tin oxide (ITO) (ITO dispersion), the solution and the dispersion being mixed for service. ITO particles in the ITO dispersion are silane-treated. The silane treatment agent (silane coupling agent) in the silane treatment is preferably an ?-glycidoxyalkylalkoxysilane represented by general formula (I): wherein R1 and R4 each represent H or CH3; R2 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and n=0 or 1.

Abstract: One-component, solvent-free organosiloxane composition comprising a) a linear or branched polyorganosiloxane containing at least two alkenyl or alkynyl groups, as component A; b) a linear or branched polyorganosiloxane containing at least 3 Si—H groups, as component B; c) a hydrosilylation catalyst as component C; d) an alkynol of the general formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3 are selected independently of one another from H, C1-C6-alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted C3-C6-alkyl; or R1 is selected from H, C1-C6-alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted C3-C6-cycloalkyl, and R2, R3 are bonded together and form a 3- to 8-membered ring which can be substituted by one or more C1-C3-alkyl groups, as component D; and e) a fumed silica as component E.

Abstract: Described are glycerol diesters of the general formula (I) wherein one of the two radicals R1 or R2 is hydrogen, and the radical of the two radicals R1 and R2 that is not hydrogen is a radical: and the radicals R3, R4, R5, and R6 independently of one another are a saturated, aliphatic radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the radicals R3 and R4 together contain at least 5 carbon atoms and the radicals R5 and R6 together contain at least 5 carbon atoms. Also described is a process for preparing the glycerol diesters, use thereof as reactive diluents, coating materials comprising the glycerol diesters, multicoat paint systems and their production, comprising the use of the coating materials, and also to substrates coated therewith.

Abstract: There are provided a method for producing a transfer structure, in which detachment between a transfer-receiving material and a matrix can be easily achieved without destroying the fine pattern, the transfer pattern of the matrix is satisfactorily transferred to the transfer-receiving material, and the durability of the matrix is maintained for a long time during repeated transfer; and a matrix for use in the method. A film of a silane coupling agent represented by the following formula (I) is formed on a surface of a matrix having a transfer pattern formed on the surface thereof, a transfer-receiving material is applied thereon to transfer the pattern on the surface of the matrix, and the transfer-receiving material is detached from the matrix to obtain a transfer structure formed of the transfer-receiving material.

Abstract: A hydrosilylation curable composition containing a comprising (A) 100 parts by weight of an organic polymer having on average at least 1.4 alkenyl groups per molecule; (B) an amount sufficient to cure the composition of a crosslinker having on average at least 1.4 Si—H groups per molecule; (C) a platinum group metal-containing catalyst in an amount sufficient to effect curing of the composition; (D) 0.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an acrylic resin film that is less likely to whiten on bending when laminated on a plastic molded body or the like, has well-balanced physical properties such as high surface hardness, excellent transparency, and excellent cracking resistance, and is therefore suitable for use in decorative molding. The acrylic resin film is obtained by forming, into a film, a methacrylic resin composition (D) containing a specific methacrylate-based resin (A), a rubber-containing four-stage graft copolymer (B) containing rubber particles having an average particle size of 0.2 to 0.4 ?m, and a rubber-containing two-layer graft copolymer (C) containing rubber particles having an average particle size of 0.02 to 0.15 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating composition and antireflective coatings prepared therefrom. The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the antireflective coating on a substrate using the coating composition.

Abstract: A laminated lithographic printing plate comprising an aluminum layer having a first side and a second side, an aluminum oxide layer coating the first side aluminum layer, optionally a second aluminum oxide layer coating the second side of the aluminum layer, an image forming layer coating the first aluminum oxide layer, an adhesive layer adhering to the second side of the aluminum layer or to said second aluminum oxide layer when second aluminum oxide layer is present, and a base layer coating the adhesive layer is provided.

Abstract: Provided is a removable water-dispersible acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition capable of forming a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer that is superior in antistatic properties (resistance to peeling-induced static build-up), removability, adhesion (adhesive properties), and the ability to prevent an increase in peel strength (adhesive strength) over time and also superior in less-staining properties on adherends, particularly, the ability to prevent white staining on adherends in a high-humidity environment. Also provided is a pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet having a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer made from such a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition. The removable water-dispersible acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition contains an acrylic emulsion polymer including units derived from raw material monomers including at least (A) an alkyl (meth)acrylate and (B) 0.

Abstract: A moisture-curable resin composition comprising (a) at least one moisture-curable polymer having at least one hydrolysable silyl group; (b) at least one hydrocarbylalkoxysilane; and (c) at least one silane adhesion promoter containing a glycidoxy group. The composition may also contain additives including a catalyst for catalyzing the reaction between the moisture-curable polymer having at least one hydrolysable silyl group (a) with water under curing conditions, a filler, a plasticizer, and combinations thereof. The moisture-curable resin composition is useful in the production of adhesives, sealants and coatings for use in primerless concrete applications.

Abstract: A gypsum panel that incorporates a plant fiber other than paper is disclosed. The plant fiber material may be in the form of a facing material adhered to at least one side of the gypsum panel or in the form of loose fibers integrated with the gypsum panel as a matrix or both. Further, the plant fiber may be combined with conventional gypsum panel additives, is fully recyclable and environmentally sustainable. The present invention further relates to a method of making such a gypsum panel.

Abstract: The decorative sheet for three-dimensional molding includes a thin metal film layer, a surface protection layer, and a base film, at least the thin metal film layer and the surface protection layer being disposed on the base film in this order, in which the surface protection layer consists of a cured material of an ionizing radiation curable resin composition containing a polycarbonate(meth)acrylate and/or an acrylic silicone (meth)acrylate. The decorative sheet for three-dimensional molding, which has excellent moldability, provides a decorative molded article with a metallic style in excellent design and with excellent abrasion resistance.

Abstract: A conductive film composition for forming a conductive film in a single coating layer on one or both sides of a base film, the composition including a metal nanowire, and polyfunctional monomers.

Abstract: There is provided a flame-resistant composite member exhibiting remarkably high flame resistance even if having a flammable base material. The flame-resistant composite member according to the present invention has a film formed of a silicone resin composition (C) containing at least an inorganic oxide particle-containing condensation-reactive silicone resin on at least one surface of a base material. The inorganic oxide particle-containing condensation-reactive silicone resin may be a condensation-reactive silicone resin (A) including a crosslinked structural body wherein an inorganic oxide particle dispersed in a polysiloxane resin having a condensation-reactive group and the polysiloxane resin are crosslinked through a chemical bond. The silicone resin composition (C) may contain the condensation-reactive silicone resin (A) and an inorganic particle (B).

Abstract: To provide a fluorinated ether compound, a fluorinated ether composition and a coating liquid, whereby it is possible to form a surface-treated layer which has high initial water/oil repellency and which is excellent in abrasion resistance and fingerprint stain removability, and a substrate having a surface-treated layer and a method for its production. A fluorinated ether compound which has a poly(oxyperfluoroalkylene) chain ((??)n) made of at least two units (??) linked to one another, and which has a hydrolysable silyl group on at least one terminal of the chain ((??)n) via a linking group, wherein each unit (??) is a poly(oxyperfluoroalkylene) group comprising one to three groups (?) made of at least one type of a C1-2 oxyperfluoroalkylene group and one to three groups (?) made of at least one type of a C3-6 oxyperfluoroalkylene group.

Abstract: An injection moldable, thermally conductive polymer composition that has ultra low CTE properties is provided. The composition is suitable both for substrate applications in high precision electronics assemblies as well as over molding applications in conjunction with ceramic substrates. The composition includes a base polymer matrix material loaded with thermally conductive filler, which imparts thermal conductivity to the polymer matrix while also maintaining or enhancing the dielectric properties of the base polymer. The resultant composition exhibits CTE properties in the range of between 9 ppm/° C. and 2 ppm/° C., exhibits an optical anisotropy of below 1.5, and a thermal conductivity of greater than 2 W/m° K. The composition is suitable for use in over molding applications in conjunction with virtually any suitable electronics substrate material without the introduction of mechanical stresses produced by large CTE differentials.

Abstract: A masking material and method of forming a masking tape that includes a substrate and an adhesive layer disposed on the substrate. The adhesive layer is preferably thicker than the substrate and formed of a material that has a modulus of elasticity combined with a viscoelastic component that allows the adhesive to conform to discontinuities associated with a surface to which the masking material is applied. Preferably, the adhesive is formed in two rows that are aligned with the lateral edges of the substrate and which prevent seepage of liquid materials between the masking material and the surface to which it is applied.

Abstract: An electro-conductive member for electrophotography, including an electro-conductive mandrel and an electro-conductive layer; and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus using the same. The layer contains a binder resin having a sulfo or a quaternary ammonium group as an ion exchange group, and an ion opposite in polarity to the ion exchange group. The resin has any one of structures represented by formulas (1)-1 and (1)-2, and any one of structures represented by formulas (2)-1 to (2)-3; and the resin has a molecular structure preventing occurrence of a matrix-domain structure. M represents an integer of 2-20, n represents an integer of 5-50, p represents an integer of 1-25, q represents an integer of 1-15, and r represents an integer of 1-12.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions based on silane-functional polymers that are suitable for the adhesive bonding, sealing and coating of porous substrates, more particularly of porous mineral substrates, and that even after water storage ensure effective adhesion of the composition to the substrate.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented composite film includes a polyester substrate supporting one or more coatings on one or both surfaces of said substrate, wherein the polyester substrate is a biaxially oriented film; wherein the one or more coatings is/are derived from a predominantly inorganic hardcoat coating composition including inorganic particles contained in a polymerisable predominantly inorganic matrix; and wherein the biaxially oriented composite film has been annealed at a temperature Ta (° C.) above Tg where Tg<Ta?Tg+100 (° C.) for a time t after thermal equilibrium where 1 hour ?t?72 hours. A method of making the film is provided.

Abstract: Processes that make the surface of an article comprising a semi-crystalline polymer substrate and vapor deposited with metal visibly line free and having a diffuse reflectance less than 2 percent. Articles metalized by these processes.

Abstract: The content of phosphorus in polycrystalline silicon prepared by the Siemens process is reduced by treating phosphorus-containing steel surfaces with an ?-amino-functional alkoxysilane. The treated surface exhibits less corrosion in an atmosphere of moist hydrogen chloride, and less loss of phosphorus as a result.

Abstract: The present teachings provide a fuser member. The fuser member includes an outer layer comprising a composite of a fluoropolymer and a networked siloxyfluorocarbon polymer.

Abstract: Fluorinated coatings having a lubricious additive, articles with the fluorinated coatings, and methods of making articles with the fluorinated coatings are provided. More specifically, the fluorinated coatings are prepared from a curable coating composition that includes both a fluorinated silane and a fluorinated polyether oil. The curable coating composition is typically applied adjacent to a siliceous substrate and then cured. The resulting cured articles can have an outer surface that has a good tactile response, that is abrasion resistant, that is easy to clean, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A stress control article for protecting joints and terminations in electrical power cables and for controlling electrical stresses, comprises a cover layer comprised of an electrically insulating, flexible polymeric material; and a stress control layer applied to one side of the cover layer. The stress control layer comprises a stress control material which may comprise a particulate filler comprising varistor particles; and a polymer matrix in which the particulate filler is embedded. The polymer matrix may comprise a silicone gum.

Abstract: Low adhesion backsize (LAB) compositions including a silicone macromonomer co polymerized with a crystalline (meth)acrylate monomer to form a copolymer. The copolymer exhibits a glass transition temperature of from about ?15° C. to about 55° C., and a crystalline melt transition of from about 25° C. to about 80° C. Articles including the LAB composition applied to a first major surface of a substrate. In some exemplary embodiments, the article is an adhesive article. In certain exemplary embodiments, the article is a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) article. In some particular embodiments, the PSA article includes a silicone adhesive applied to a second major surface of the substrate opposite the LAB composition. Methods of making and using the LAB and the articles are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transparent heat-resistant non-flammable film that has high transparency, heat resistance, and flame retardancy. The transparent heat-resistant non-flammable film according to the present invention includes a transparent heat-resistant protective layer comprising a polysiloxane resin containing a particulate inorganic oxide as a crosslinking agent on at least one surface of a transparent amorphous thermoplastic resin film having a heat distortion temperature of 250° C. or less. The transparent heat-resistant protective layer preferably has a refractive index in the range of 1.40 to 1.43. The transparent heat-resistant protective layer preferably has a thickness in the range of 1 to 100 ?m.

Abstract: A gel having improved thermal stability is the hydro silylation reaction product of (A) an organopolysiloxane having an average of at least 0.1 silicon-bonded alkenyl group per molecule and (B) a cross-linker having an average of at least 2 silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule. (A) and (B) react via hydrosilylation in the presence of (C) a hydrosilylation catalyst and (D) a heated reaction product of iron acetylacetonate. The iron acetylacetonate is present prior to heating in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 30 weight percent based on a total weight of (A) and (B). The gel is formed using a method that includes the steps of (I) heating the iron acetylacetonate to form the (D) heated reaction product of the iron acetylacetonate and (II) combining (A), (B), (C) and (D) to effect the hydrosilylation reaction of (A) and (B) in the presence of (C) and (D) to form the gel.

Abstract: A carrier belt for fabricating a device or component such as an anisotropic conductive film. The carrier belt includes a substrate having a sacrificial image enhancing layer. Microcavities are formed in the carrier by laser ablation through the image enhancing layer. After the image enhancement layer is removed, a plurality of conductive particles are distributed into an array of microcavities formed by laser ablation on a surface of a carrier belt and transferred to an adhesive layer. The image enhancing layer enables one to form microcavities with a fine pitch and spacing and partitions having a high aspect ratio.

Abstract: The present invention describes anti-stick coatings composed of carboxylic acid, carboxylate salt or thiol functionalized siloxanes. The compounds of this invention can be used as coatings on the surface of wind turbine blades, aircraft wings and fuselage, or on the surface of oil and gas platforms, ships, and other vehicles exposed to harsh weather conditions. These functionalized silicones can bond to the surface and create a new hydrophobic and oleophobic surface that is repellent to ice, oil, dirt and insects that may cause loss of efficiency, or impact the operation of the wind turbine, aircraft, ships, or offshore oil and gas platform that are exposed to the elements.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for inhibiting contamination enhanced laser induced damage (CELID) based on fluorinated self-assembled monolayers (F-SAMs) disposed on optics. For example, a coating for inhibiting CELID to an optic disposed in a sealed gas environment or vacuum may include an F-SAM that includes a fluorinated hydrocarbon tail group covalently bound to the optic by a head group. The coating may be formed by heating the optic and a liquid-phase precursor of the F-SAM to generate a gas-phase precursor, and exposing the heated optic to the gas-phase precursor for a period of time sufficient for the gas-phase precursor to coalesce at and covalently bond to the optic and form the F-SAM. The optic may include silica, and the F-SAM may include a siloxane group covalently bound to the silica.

Abstract: A method of producing a coated grain oriented steel strip, which includes the steps of: forming an insulating layer on the grain oriented steel strip; providing a chromium-free coating mixture that comprises a metal phosphate silica particles and an organosilane; applying the mixture on the insulating layer; and curing the mixture to form a chromium-free coating that provides tension to the grain oriented steel strip.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes cyclic carbonate-amine resin coating compositions including an amino functional silicon resin component, where the cyclic carbonate-amine resin coating displays improved oxidation resistance and durability. The coating compositions are isocyanate free and may be cured a low temperatures to provide a durable coating. In specific embodiments, the described coating compositions may be used as a mono-coat on a surface of an article, without any undercoating or primer layers.

Abstract: A water-repellent film is formed on a first joint surface of a first member that contains any one of a macromolecular material, a metallic material, and an inorganic material. The water-repellent film is subjected to an activation treatment, and is thereby converted into a film having a high hydrophilicity and a nylon 6 contact angle of less than 25°. A second joint surface of a second member that contains at least a thermoplastic resin, which differs from the macromolecular material, is placed on the first joint surface having the film, whereupon the second member is heated and melted. Then, the molten second member is cooled and solidified in order to bond the first joint surface and the second joint surface.

Abstract: Disclosed are cementitious articles with hydrophobic finish. In some embodiments, the article is a waterproof gypsum panel that is surface reinforced with inorganic mineral fibers that face a flexible and hydrophobic cementitious finish possessing beneficial waterproofing properties. The waterproof gypsum panels of the invention are useful in many applications, such as, for example, tilebacker board in wet or dry areas of buildings, exterior weather barrier panel for use as exterior sheathing, and roof cover board having superior water durability and extremely low surface absorption. The flexible and hydrophobic cementitious finish of the invention can include Class C fly ash, film-forming polymer, silane compound (e.g., alkyl alkoxysilane), and otheroptional additives.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sol-gel coating composition comprising: one or more silane hydrolysis promoting acids; at least one silanol precursor; and an acrylic-based co-polymer comprising nitrogen-containing organic functional groups, and methods of making and using same, as well as metals coated using the compositions.

Abstract: The compound below. R1 is an alkyl group or —(SiR72—O)m—R8. R7 is an alkoxy group. The value m is a nonnegative integer. R8 is an alkyl group or R3 and R4 are organic groups. R5 is an aliphatic group or a residue of a homopolymer of an aliphatic polyisocyanate. R6 has an electron withdrawing group that is bound to a carbon atom that is bound to the CHR4 group. The value n is an integer greater than or equal to 2. A method of: reacting a 3-trialkoxysilylpropyl amine with an organic compound having a carbon-carbon double bond activated by an electron withdrawing group to form a secondary amino propylalkoxysilane, and reacting the secondary amino propylalkoxysilane with an aliphatic polyisocyanate or a polymer thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sealant laminated composite for collectively sealing a semiconductor devices mounting surface of a substrate on which semiconductor devices may be mounted or a semiconductor devices forming surface of a wafer on which semiconductor devices may be formed, including a support wafer that may be composed of silicon and an uncured resin layer that may be constituted of an uncured thermosetting resin formed on one side of the support wafer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel fluorinated compound, a composition comprising the same, and a method for manufacturing a film by using the same, and more particularly a novel compound having a structure in which one or more fluorine and acrylate-based functional groups are substituted in a silane core, a composition comprising the compound and photoinitiator, and a method for manufacturing a film by using the same. If the composition comprising the compound according to the present invention is used, it is possible to manufacture a film in which a refractive index is low, reflectivity is reduced, and transmissivity is increased.

Abstract: Provided are a resin blend including a first resin, and a second resin having a hydrophobic moiety represented by Formula 1 at a main chain and having a difference in surface energy from the first resin at 25° C. of 0.1 to 20 mN/m, and formed in a layer-separated structure, a pellet, a method of manufacturing the same, and a resin molded article having a specific layer-separated structure. Because of the resin blend, a molded product may have enhanced mechanical properties and surface hardness, and additional surface coating may be omitted, thereby reducing a processing time, increasing productivity, and reducing production costs.

Abstract: A method for coating metallic surfaces with aqueous compositions, wherein a silane-based aqueous composition containing at least one silane and/or a related silicon-containing compound and optionally additional components is treated further, for example, at temperatures above 70° C., in a pretreatment step without drying the coating, by using at least one aqueous rinse step after this pretreatment step and then performing an electrodeposition coating, in which at least one surfactant is added at least in the last rinse step of the aqueous rinse steps. Coated metallic surfaces are also described.

Abstract: A fibrous structure. The fibrous structure can be a paper product treated with a waterborne shape memory polymer. The waterborne shape memory polymer can include structural units, wherein each structural unit comprises: a) a switching segment comprising a semicrystalline or amorphous polymer; b) a chargeable unit comprising a cationically or anionically chargeable group; and c) a cross-linkable unit comprising a monomer, wherein the cross-linkable unit connects the switchable segment to the chargeable unit, wherein the waterborne shape memory polymer is dispersible in water.

Abstract: The general field of the invention is that of airbags. The invention relates to a process for improving the tear strength and the combing strength of coated fabrics intended for uses in the field of inflatable bags, using a silicone composition comprising an additive consisting of a polyorganosiloxane resin (V) and a calcium carbonate. After coating the composition onto the fabric supports and curing, the coated supports not only have optimum adhesion and crease resistance properties, but also have good properties in terms of combing strength and tear strength.

Abstract: A buffer film for multi-chip packaging which does not cause out of alignment during multi-chip packaging and ensures favorable connection reliability has a structure in which a heat-resistant resin layer having a linear expansion coefficient of 80 ppm/° C. or less and a flexible resin layer made of a resin material having a Shore A hardness according to JIS K6253 of 10 to 80 are laminated. A multi-chip module can be produced by aligning a plurality of chip devices on a substrate through an adhesive to perform temporary adhesion, disposing the buffer film for multi-chip packaging between the chip devices and a bonding head so that the heat-resistant resin layer is on a chip device side, and connecting the plurality of chip devices with the substrate by applying heat and pressure to the chip devices toward the substrate with the bonding head.

Abstract: A composite sheet comprises a substrate and a multi-layer coating on its outer surface, the coating comprising a metal layer and an outer polymeric layer formed from a precursor comprising a polymerizable composition that includes a olefin group and a moisture curable group, such as an isocyanate or silane group. The function of the polymeric layer includes protecting the metal layer from corrosion. A production process for the composite sheet includes depositing the precursor and exposing it to both beam radiation and moisture, which respectively promote polymerization and curing at different sites of the precursor. The amenability of the isocyanate or silane functionality to moisture-promoted coupling promotes substantially full conversion and curing of the precursor, even of portions of the substrate that are geometrically shadowed from incident beam radiation.

Abstract: A film-forming composition according to one embodiment includes a siloxane polymer (A) containing a condensation product (A1) and a condensation product (A2). In the (A), a contained amount of the (A1) is 75 percent or less by mass in terms of SiO2 with respect to the total of the (A1) and the (A2). The (A) has a weight-average molecular weight (MW) of 80 percent or greater of a molecular weight value M determined by expression (1) if RA1>RA2, expression (2) if RA1<RA2, or expression (3) if RA1?RA2: M=(RA1/RA2)*(MA1+MA2)+[(RA2?RA1)/RA2)]MA2??expression (1): M=(RA1/RA2)*(MA1+MA2)+[(RA2?RA1)/RA2)]MA2??expression (2): M=MA1+MA2??expression (3): (MA1 and RA1 are MW and the SiO2-converted-mass ratio in the (A), respectively, for the (A1). MA2 and RA2 are MW and the SiO2-converted-mass ratio in the (A), respectively, for the (A2)).