Abstract: A biomedical member having high strength, high toughness and high hardness and an artificial joint that uses the same are provided. In addition, a biomedical member that exhibits high wear resistance even in in vivo environment and an artificial joint are provided. Such a composite ceramic is used that contains 65% by weight or more Al2O3, 4 to 34% by weight of ZrO2 and 0.1 to 4% by weight of SrO, while Sr forms a solid solution with part of the ZrO2 grains. The composite ceramics further contains TiO2, MgO and SiO2 as sintering additives, while controlling the amounts to 0.20% by weight or more SiO2, 0.22% by weight or more TiO2 and 0.12% by weight or more MgO, and the total amount of SiO2, TiO2 and MgO within a range from 0.6 to 4.5% by weight.

Abstract: Method to produce an element (10) subject to wear, such as a mechanical member, an abrasion or crushing tool or suchlike, comprising a metal matrix (14) and at least a core (12) of ceramic material. The method comprises a preliminary step wherein the core (12) is prepared by mixing at least a first component with a base of aluminum oxide in the form of a (a-Al2O3) with a second component comprising a eutectic compound with a base of a-Al2O3 and ZrO2, a second step wherein the core (12) is arranged in a mold, so as to define a free volume inside the mold, and a third step wherein a molten metal material is cast into the mold, to occupy the free volume so as to anchor to the core (12) and thus form a single body.

Abstract: A lithium aluminum oxide (LiAlO2) substrate suitable for a zinc oxide (ZnO) buffer layer is found. The ZnO buffer layer is grown on the LiAlO2 substrate. Because the LiAlO2 substrate has a similar structure to that of the ZnO buffer layer, a quantum confined stark effect (QCSE) is effectively eliminated. And a photoelectrical device made with the present invention, like a light emitting diode, a piezoelectric material or a laser diode, thus obtains an enhanced light emitting efficiency.

Abstract: A method of processing an article includes heating the article in an atmosphere substantially free of oxygen to an oxidation temperature within a predetermined temperature range. The article includes a substrate and a bond coat disposed on the substrate. A partial pressure of oxygen is then established within the atmosphere after heating to the oxidation temperature. At least a portion of the bond coat oxidizes in the partial pressure of oxygen at the oxidation temperature to form a desired type of oxide to the substantial exclusion of forming other types of oxides. A ceramic coating is then deposited on the oxide.

Abstract: Coated metal cutting tools with reduced adhesion weat and improved thermal resistance, processes for making the same and methods of use.

Abstract: A cementitious composite material wherein glass-coated steel rods are positioned in a cementitious matrix. The glass composition for coating the steel reinforcing rods includes between about 33-45 weight percent SiO2, 13.5-19.5 weight percent B2O3, 3.5-4.6 weight percent Al2O3, 4.0-13.5 weight percent K2O, 5.5-15.5 weight percent ZrO2, 8.6-15.9 weight percent Na2O, 4.6-5.1 weight percent CaO, 0.6-0.7 weight percent MnO2, 1.0-1.0 weight percent NiO, and 1.0-1.1 weight percent CoO. The glass composition is typically in compression on the rods at ambient temperatures, has a coefficient of thermal expansion of between about 12.5 and about 13.5, and has a softening temperature of between about 585 degrees Celsius and about 600 degrees Celsius.

Abstract: The invention relates to a connection 1 between a first component and a second component, the first component being formed from an aluminium alloy in particular and the second component being formed from a carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics material in particular. The first component is a rib 6 in particular and the second component is preferably an angle bracket 7, with which the rib 6 is connected to an aircraft fuselage skin 2 within a fuselage reinforcement structure. The connection 1 between the components comprises, according to the invention, a ceramic coating 16 which is applied for protection against corrosion at least in the region of a contact area 9 between the components, the components being riveted and/or adhesively bonded. The ceramic coating 16 is less than 0.1 mm thick and may be formed from a mixture of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and TiO2 for example.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for pretreating and depositing a coating on metal substrates is provided. The coating composition includes from about 1,500 to about 55,000 ppm based on the aqueous composition of a Group IIA dissolved metal ion, from about 100 to about 200,000 ppm based on the aqueous composition of a dissolved complex metal fluoride ion wherein the metal atom is selected from Group IIIA, Group IVA, Group IVB metals, Group VA, Group VB metals; and water. The composition is free of Group IIA metal fluoride precipitate achieved by including in the composition a complex metal salt different than the salt associated with the complex metal fluoride ion, with the complex metal salt being capable of complexing free fluoride ions to prevent a precipitation reaction. A process for coating a metal substrate with such an aqueous composition is further provided.

Abstract: Decorative shape cast products and methods, systems, compositions and apparatus for producing the same are described. In one embodiment, the decorative shape cast products are produced from an Al—Ni or Al—Ni—Mn alloy, with a tailored microstructure to facilitate production of anodized decorative shape cast product having the appropriate finish and mechanical properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for continuously coating a substrate in motion such as a metal strip made of steel, the coating formed being an ultra-fine film of a thickness between 10 and 100 nm, deposited on the substrate: from a solution containing nanoparticles of oxides, in conditions of controlled pH, said substrate being at a temperature higher than 120° C., the total duration of the deposition being less than 5 seconds and preferably less than 1 second, characterised in that at least one chemical additive, called a “refiner”, is incorporated into said solution, said refiner having, mutatis mutandis, the effect of restricting the formation of said coating.

Abstract: A composite structure forming method comprises the steps of first pre-treating brittle material fine particles to impart an internal strain to the brittle material fine particles, secondly causing the brittle material fine particles in which the internal strain has been created to collide with a substrate surface at high speed or applying a mechanical impact force to the brittle material fine particles containing the internal strain therein provided on the substrate surface, to deform or fracture the brittle material fine particles, re-joining the fine particles through active new surfaces generated by the deformation or fracture, forming an anchor section made of polycrystalline brittle material of which part bites into the substrate surface at a boundary section between the new surfaces and the substrate, and further forming a structure made of polycrystalline brittle material on the anchor section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for providing an aluminium article with a copper coating, comprising a first step of anodizing said aluminium article to produce an anodic oxide layer on the surface thereof; and a second step of colouring the anodized aluminium surface in an electrolytic bath containing a copper salt by subjecting the aluminium surface to an asymmetrical voltage controlled alternating block current having a positive phase and a negative phase, such that a metallic copper coloured coating is formed. The invention also relates to aluminium articles, provided with a copper coating, obtainable by said process.

Abstract: A method of providing a corrosion-resistant coating on a surface of an aluminum component comprises anodizing the surface of the aluminum component to form an anodized aluminum oxide layer and sputter coating a sputtered layer on the anodized aluminum oxide layer. A coated aluminum component can be used in a substrate processing chamber and comprises an aluminum body, an anodized aluminum oxide layer formed on the aluminum body, and a sputtered layer comprising aluminum oxide on the anodized aluminum oxide layer.

Abstract: Aluminum alloy products comprising an aluminum alloy base and a sulfate-phosphate oxide zone integral therewith are disclosed. Methods of making the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: Components having ceramic bases provided with a metalized structure on at least two opposite and/or juxtaposed faces at the same time, wherein metal in the form of pastes, films or sheets is provided for metallization and is applied to the surfaces of the ceramic base to be provided with a metalized structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating layer structure for heat-cookers, and more particularly, to a coating layer structure for heat-cookers wherein said structure has been produced by forming an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layer on the surface of an aluminum heat-cooker by anodic oxidation and then applying thereon either an anion- and far infrared ray-emitting, inorganic ceramic coating agent or a non-stick, inorganic ceramic coating agent, said both coating agents being non-toxic to human body, and whereby said structure, on heating, does not release any carcinogens and increases heat conductivity at the same time, and said structure also has excellent anti-corrosive and anti-abrasive properties.

Abstract: A component having a ceramic base the surface of which is covered in at least one area by a metalized coating, the ceramic base being spatially structured and the partial discharge resistance between at least two layers of a metalized structure produced from the same or different materials and between the layer of a metalized structure and the ceramic being <20 pC.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate (10), especially a transparent glass substrate, provided with a thin-film multilayer coating comprising an alternation of n functional layers (40) having reflection properties in the infrared and/or in solar radiation, especially metallic functional layers based on silver, and (n+1) dielectric films (20, 60), where n?1, said films being composed of a layer or a plurality of layers (22, 24, 62, 64), so that each functional layer (40) is placed between at least two dielectric films (20, 60), characterized in that at least one functional layer (40) includes a blocker film (30, 50) consisting of: on the one hand, an interface layer (32, 52) immediately in contact with said functional layer, this interface layer being made of a material that is not a metal; and on the other hand, at least one metal layer (34, 54) made of a metallic material, immediately in contact with said interface layer (32, 52).

Abstract: A ceramic assembly includes one or more electrically and thermally conductive pads to be thermally coupled to a heat generating device, each conductive pad is electrically isolated from each other. The ceramic assembly includes a ceramic layer to provide this electrical isolation. The ceramic layer has high thermal conductivity and high electrical resistivity. A top surface and a bottom surface of the ceramic layer are each bonded to a conductive layer, such as copper, using an intermediate joining material. A brazing process is performed to bond the ceramic layer to the conductive layer via a joining layer. The joining layer is a composite of the joining material, the ceramic layer, and the conductive layer. The top conductive layer and the joining layer are etched to form the electrically isolated conductive pads. The conductive layers are bonded to the ceramic layer using a bare ceramic approach or a metallized ceramic approach.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of material sciences and relates to a metal-ceramic composite with good adhesive strength, such as can be used, for example, for forming tools or cutting tools. The object of the present invention lies in the disclosure of a metal-ceramic composite with good adhesive strength which has a strong and durable bond between ceramic and metal. The object is attained with a metal-ceramic composite with good adhesive strength, comprising a metal component and a ceramic component and which are connected to one another by adhesive force or by adhesive force and in a non-positive manner, wherein silicon, beryllium, titanium, chromium, nickel, manganese, hafnium, vanadium, zirconium, aluminum and/or the organic compounds thereof is present in the area of the connection surfaces and wherein the components have been processed as a greenbody to form a composite and jointly sintered.

Abstract: Disclosed are an aluminum alloy material and a plate heat exchanger using the aluminum alloy material, both of which have superior corrosion resistance. Specifically, the aluminum alloy material includes an aluminum alloy base material having an anodic oxide layer with an average thickness of 1 to 20 ?m as its surface layer, an organic phosphonic acid primer coating arranged on the surface of the aluminum alloy base material, and a fluorocarbon resin coating arranged on the surface of the organic phosphonic acid primer coating and having an average thickness of to 100 ?m after drying.

Abstract: A method of coating a component is disclosed. The method includes applying a coating composition to a surface of the component. The method also includes providing an induction coil having a coil configuration corresponding to the surface. The method further includes relatively positioning the surface and the induction coil with a gap sufficient to enable induction heating of the surface by the induction coil. Furthermore, the method includes heating the component with the induction coil sufficient to produce a coating having an empirical formula FexMnyOz, where x varies from about 0 to about 2, y varies from about 1 to about 4, and z varies from about 2 to about 8.

Abstract: A method, and an article produced thereby, of providing a corroson-resistant, scratch-resistant, and stick-resistant, surface on a ferrous-metal-containing article, including forming microcavities in a ferrous-metal-containing article surface by ferritic nitrocarburization and seasoning the surface, including a non-stick agent deposited thereon. In preferred embodiments, the surface of the article including the exposed microcavities is oxidized before seasoning. The article includes cookware. Certain preferred embodiments include forming microcavities by ferritic nitrocarburization wherein the article is heated in an atmosphere including ammonia, nitrogen, and carbon-containing gas to a nitriding temperature of between about 800° F. and about 1300° F. for a time of about 0.5 hours to about 10 hours.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing oxidic layers by means of PVD (physical vapor deposition), in particular by means of cathodic arc vaporization, wherein a powder-metallurgical target is vaporized and the powder-metallic target is formed of at least two metallic or semi-metallic components, the composition of the metallic or semi-metallic components resp. of the target being chosen in such a manner that during heating in the transition from the room temperature into the liquid phase no phase boundary of purely solid phases, based on the phase diagram of a molten mixture of the at least two metallic or semi-metallic components, is crossed.

Abstract: To provide an aluminum alloy or aluminum member having an anodic oxide coating formed thereon, the coating having excellent resistance to gaseous corrosion and resistance to plasma and excellent adhesion, and a member for a vacuum apparatus formed of such an aluminum alloy or aluminum member having excellent corrosion resistance. Moreover, a member having a sufficient voltage resistance is provided to stably keep a plasma state in a process using plasma. The object is substantialized by providing the following: (1) An aluminum alloy or aluminum member, wherein the anodic oxide coating has impedance of at least 107? at a frequency of 10?2 Hz, and hardness of at least 400 in Vickers hardness (Hv); or (2) An aluminum alloy or aluminum member, wherein the anodic oxide coating has impedance of at least 108? at a frequency of 10?2 Hz, and hardness of at least 350 in Vickers hardness (Hv).

Abstract: A coated article includes a substrate and a substantially pure metal layer coated thereon. The substantially pure metal layer is configured to enhance the strength of the underlying substrate. A method is also disclosed for making a coated article by providing a substrate and coating a substantially pure metal layer thereon.

Abstract: A heat-insulating layer has a melting point above 2500° C., a thermal expansion coefficient in excess of 8×10?6 K?1, and a sintering temperature greater than 1400° C. This material has a perovskite structure of the general formula A1+r(B?1/2+xB?1/2+y)O3+z in which: A=at least one element of the group (Ba, Sr, Ca, Be), B?=at least one element of the group (Al, La, Nd, Gd, Er, Lu, Dy, Tb), B?=at least one element of the group (Ta, Nb), and 0.1<r,x,y,z<0.1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet product having a superior corrosion resistance, annealing resistance, film tension, and the like in insulating treatment based on a phosphate not containing chromium and a treatment agent for the same, so provides grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having an insulating film not containing chromium characterized by the insulating film containing a phosphate and one or more compounds selected from inorganic compounds of Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Sr, and Mo in an amount, as metal elements, of 0.06 to 2.10 moles per mole of phosphate, and an insulating film agent of the same.

Abstract: A coating system and process capable of providing erosion and corrosion-resistance to a component, particularly a steel compressor blade of an industrial gas turbine. The coating system includes a metallic sacrificial undercoat on a surface of the component substrate, and a ceramic topcoat deposited by thermal spray on the undercoat. The undercoat contains a metal or metal alloy that is more active in the galvanic series than iron, and electrically contacts the surface of the substrate. The ceramic topcoat consists essentially of a ceramic material chosen from the group consisting of mixtures of alumina and titania, mixtures of chromia and silica, mixtures of chromia and titania, mixtures of chromia, silica, and titania, and mixtures of zirconia, titania, and yttria.

Abstract: An article which is resistant to corrosion or erosion by chemically active plasmas and a method of making the article are described. The article is comprised of a metal or metal alloy substrate having on its surface a coating which is an oxide of the metal or metal alloy. The structure of the oxide coating is columnar in nature. The grain size of the crystals which make up the oxide is larger at the surface of the oxide coating than at the interface between the oxide coating and the metal or metal alloy substrate, and wherein the oxide coating is in compression at the interface between the oxide coating and the metal or metal alloy substrate. Typically the metal is selected from the group consisting of yttrium, neodymium, samarium, terbium, dysprosium, erbium, ytterbium, scandium, hafnium, niobium or combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides low-emissivity stacks being characterized by a low solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), enhanced aesthetics, mechanical and chemical durability, and a tolerance for tempering or heat strengthening. The invention moreover provides low-emissivity coatings comprising, in order outward from the substrate a first dielectric layer; a first nucleation layer; a first Ag layer; a first barrier layer; a second dielectric layer; a second nucleation layer; a second Ag layer; a second barrier layer; a third dielectric layer; and optionally, a topcoat layer, and methods for depositing such coatings on substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a steel sheet for dissimilar materials weldbonding to an aluminum material, the steel sheet containing, in mass, C: 0.02 to 0.3%, Si: 0.2 to 5.0%, Mn: 0.2 to 2.0%, and Al: 0.002 to 0.1%, further one or more of Ti: 0.005 to 0.10%, Nb: 0.005 to 0.10%, Cr: 0.05 to 1.0%, and Mo: 0.01 to 1.0%, and the balance consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities. In the steel sheet, (i) the proportion of the oxide containing Mn and Si by 1 at.

Abstract: Using aqueous electrolytes containing complex fluorides or oxyfluorides such as fluorozirconates and fluorotitanates, ferrous metal articles and non-metallic articles having a first coating containing aluminum may be rapidly anodized to form a second protective surface coating. White coatings may be formed on articles using pulsed direct current or alternating current.

Abstract: An impact resistant composite member is for at least one of armor plate and an impact resistant structure. The member comprises a body in plate form and a reinforcement structure located within the body. The body includes a metal alloy having a fine grain size of about 5 microns or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the coating of objects made of valve metals selected from aluminum, magnesium, titanium, niobium and/or zirconium and their alloys with an oxide ceramic layer formed from the metal which has a thin barrier layer as a boundary layer towards the metal whose surface has been coated with polymers, characterized in that said polymers are introduced into the capillary system of the oxide ceramic layer in the form of dimers or halogenated dimers of general formula I wherein R1 represents one or more hydrogen or halogen residues; each R2 represents hydrogen or halogen; and R3 commonly represent a corresponding xylylene residue for completing a dimeric structure; by vacuum coating, followed by polymerizing the dimers.

Abstract: Aluminum alloy products comprising an aluminum alloy base and a sulfate-phosphate oxide zone integral therewith are disclosed. Methods of making the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for coating an article includes the steps of contacting an article with a first solution to produce a coated article, the first solution includes a solvent and at least one non-conductive material comprising at least one oxide of a metal; contacting with a second solution the coated article having at least one surface with a non-conductive material layer, the second solution includes a solvent and at least one conductive material comprising at least one of the foregoing: graphite, metals, conductive ceramics, semi-conductive ceramics, intermetallic compounds, and mixtures thereof; and drying the coated article having at least one surface with a non-conductive material layer having the at least one conductive material in contact with at least one surface of the non-conductive material layer and the at least one surface of the article.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy shell (10) and a manufacturing method for making the present aluminum alloy shell are provided. The aluminum alloy shell includes a base shell (11) and a microarc oxidation coating (12). The microarc oxidation coating is formed on a surface of the base shell by micro arc oxidation processing. The manufacturing method includes steps as follows. The base shell is pretreated. The pretreated base shell is microarc oxidized to form the microarc oxidation coating thereon. The aluminum alloy shell is post treated by washing and drying.

Abstract: A diffusion barrier system for a display device comprising a layer system with at least two layers of dielectric material, wherein at least two adjacent layers of that layer system comprise the same material. A respective method for manufacturing such a diffusion barrier system in a single process chamber of a plasma deposition system has the steps of introducing a substrate to be treated in said process chamber, discretely varying in a controlled manner during deposition at least one process parameter in the process chamber, without completely interrupting such process parameter, which results in layers with different properties and finally unloading said substrate from said process.

Abstract: Methods for bonding adherent phosphorous-containing coating layers to oxide surfaces on substrates wherein the substrates with oxide surfaces are selected from: (a) oxidized iron, titanium, silicon, tin and vanadium; (b) indium tin oxide; and (c) substrates with oxide layers deposited thereon, wherein the substrates on which oxide layers are deposited are selected from ceramics, semiconductors, metals, plastics and glass, and the method contacts the oxide surface with a carrier conveying an organo-phosphonic acid coating composition and heats the oxide surface and carrier at a sufficient temperature while maintaining contact for a sufficient time to bond a layer of the organophosphonic acid to the oxide surface. Coated articles prepared by the inventive method are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device comprising a first material (10) and a second material. (20) whereby the first and the second material are so provided towards each other as to form at least one focusing microstructure with a focal point (30) located outside of the first material.

Abstract: An improved structure for use in a sensor includes an electrically conductive sensing element that provides improved durability in corrosive environments (ethanol, gasoline, etc.). A substrate may be formed using either ceramic or an anodized carrier of aluminum. In either case, the substrate presents an electrically insulating surface layer on which an electrically conductive sensing element may be formed. The conductive element is formed by thick film aluminum ink printing the desired shape (and thickness) of the element on the substrate, then firing the resulting structure. Thereafter, the entire structure, now with aluminum conductive elements, is anodized in order to form a protective and electrically insulative coating of a desired thickness. Another structure includes a base element or trace comprising an alloy of silver and palladium. An aluminum trace overlays the base element, and is thereafter anodized throughout its thickness to provide a protective layer.

Abstract: A power semiconductor substrate with an insulating sheet-like base, having at least one sequence of layers of: a thin adhesion promoting layer, a sintered metal layer and a conductive layer arranged on at least one main area of the substrate. The associated process includes the steps of: coating at least a portion of the one main area with the adhesion promoting layer; arranging a pasty layer of the sintered metal and a solvent on at least a portion of the adhesion promoting layer; arranging the conductive layer on the sintered metal layer; and applying pressure to the conductive layer of the power substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymer foil comprising at least one polymer layer coated with a barrier glass coating of an oxide composition, wherein said oxide composition comprises the element Si in the form of an oxide network, the oxide composition preferably comprises Si and at least one other element X in an oxide network. The oxide network may preferably be applied using plasma. The foil may be a multi-layered foil comprising a plurality of layers, at least one of the layers being a barrier glass coating. The foil has good barrier properties.

Abstract: An anodizing solution, and method of anodizing, comprising suspending at least one aluminium substrate in an anodizing solution and applying an anodizing current to the anodizing solution. The anodizing solution comprises 0.01-5%, by weight, sodium silicate and 0.01-5%, by weight, ?-amino acid.

Abstract: A metallic body of carbon steel covered with an adhesive layer capable of adhering to a rubber matrix based on diene elastomer. The carbon content of the steel is between 0.35 and 1.2% by weight. The adhesive layer is formed of a metallic layer bearing aluminum oxides or hydroxides, which itself is covered with an organosilane film which is at least bifunctional, capable of ensuring, as coupling agent, the bond between the aluminum oxides or hydroxides on one hand, and the rubber matrix on the other hand.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising an aqueous mixture containing acid-stable particles and one or more fluoroacids. The amount of the acid-stable particles in the coating composition is from 0.005% to 8% by weight on a dry weight basis. The acid-stable particles can be selected from aluminum-modified silica particles, nonaluminum-modified silica particles, and organic particles selected from anionically stabilized polymer dispersion particles. The invention is also directed to a coating on a metal substrate. The coating contains acid-stable particles attached to the metal substrate through a metal-oxide matrix. The metal-oxide matrix comprises a metal selected from titanium, zirconium, silicon, hafnium, boron, aluminum, germanium, or tin.

Abstract: To provide an aluminium composite structure having a highly airtight channel therein, including: a core material having a concave groove on a surface; a covering material made up of aluminium or aluminium alloy which covers the surface of the core material other than an inner surface of the concave groove; and a lid which is firmly fixed to the covering material to close an opening of the concave groove of the core material, forms a channel for running a heat exchange medium therein, and is made up of the aluminium or aluminium alloy, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a far infrared radiator used in various types of heating equipment. This far infrared radiator is comprised of a base material 1 composed of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and an electrolytic colored film 2 formed on this base material 1. Fine irregularities are formed in the surface of the electrolytic colored film, and nickel or cobalt is heterogeneously deposited from the bottoms to the openings in micropores of this film 2. Electrolytic colored film 2 is obtained by performing electrolysis treatment in a nickel bath or cobalt bath using an alumite film 3, formed on the surface of base material 1 having fine irregularities, as the cathode.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy-made part of the present invention includes an aluminum alloy, and an anodic oxide coating which coats a surface of the aluminum alloy and contains at least one of silver and copper. The aluminum alloy-made part is capable of enhancing the heat conduction performance in the interface between the anodic oxide coating and the base material and the heat radiation performance on the surface of the part concerned, thereby making it possible to make the heat resistance and the adhesion resistance compatible with good beat conductivity and good heat radiation property.