Abstract: A composition in the form of an aqueous solution made by combining (i) an alkyltrialkoxysilane with C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyl groups on silicon; (ii) a silane coupling agent which is an amino organofunctional trialkoxysilane or a quaternary ammonium organofunctional trialkoxysilane; (iii) a blend of petroleum and synthetic hydrocarbon waxes; and (iv) an aqueous silicone resin emulsion. The composition is used in the treatment of cellulosic and masonry surfaces to render the surface water repellent.

Abstract: Aqueous synthetic resin dispersions are obtainable by copolymerizingA) from 70 to 97.5 parts by weight of a monomer mixture containinga) from 40 to 75% by weight of butadiene (monomer I),b) from 25 to 60% by weight of acrylonitrile (monomer II),c) from 0 to 25% by weight of styrene (monomer III),d) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more amides of .alpha.,.beta.-monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids of 3 to 5 carbon atoms (monomers IV) ande) from 0 to 10% by weight of other copolymerizable monomers (monomers V) andB) from 2.5 to 30 parts by weight of one or more copolymerizable monovinyl compounds (monomers VI) in aqueous emulsion at from 30.degree. to 70.degree. C. by a method in which not less than 50% by weight of the monomer mixture A is prepolymerized to a conversion of not less than 80%, and the polymerization is then continued with the addition of the remaining monomers A and the monomers B.These dispersions are suitable as binders for protective coats on leather.

Abstract: Reversible polymer gels comprising:(a) 55-98% by weight based on the total polymers contained in the gel, of an elastomeric copolymer of vinylidene fluoride comprising, in moles, 55-85% of vinylidene fluoride, 15-45% of hexafluoropropene and 0-30% of tetrafluoroethylene;(b) 2-45% based on the total polymers contained in the gel, of a non-elastomeric polymer selected from non-elastomeric VDF-based polymers, or polyvinylfluoride, or acrylic resins, for example polyalkylmethacrylates and copolymers of alkylmethacrylates with alkylacrylates, having T.sub.g >50.degree. C.Said polymer gels can be used as protective and consolidating agents for stone materials, for preparing insulating and impermeable films and for impregnating fiber textiles.

Abstract: Surfaces of stone materials, marble, sandstone, bricks, concrete and articles manufactured therefrom are consolidated and protected from atmospheric agents and pollutants by applying onto said surfaces a mixture consisting of:(a) 2-40% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride, or 1-20% by weight of a polyalkylmethacrylate wherein the alkyl group contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;(b) an elastomeric copolymer of vinylidene fluoride, constituting the balance to 100% and being, in moles, 55-85% of vinylidene fluoride, 15-45% of hexafluoropropene and 0-30% of tetrafluoroethylene.

Abstract: As cotton bales are produced by obtaining lint cotton by subjecting collected seed cotton to a ginning process, linear polyorganosiloxane of a specified type which has 10-6000 siloxane units and is insoluble or dispersive in water is adhesively attached to the seed cotton or to the lint cotton by 0.03-2.0 weight % with respect to the lint cotton.

Abstract: A method for preparing a clear under coat on a concrete substrate by applying onto a coating composition comprising a solvent type synthetic resin varnish and organic or inorganic pigment microparticles having an average diameter of 5 .mu. or less uniformly dispersed in the varnish in an amount which is enough to give a pigment volume concentration of 5 to 50, the difference in mean refractive index of the microparticles and synthetic resin being 0.01-0.40.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, compositions, and articles manufactured from scrap treated skin and/or leather which has been finely pulverized and mixed with synthetic resin. It further includes a method for the manufacture of improved leather products made from animal skin and/or leather and/or animal gelatin including the products derived therefrom and the method of producing skin and/or leather powder by use of steam and pulverization for combining with a fluid plastic material or resin in which the powder is uniformally dispersed in the plastic resin material for molding, extruding or manufacture of sheet material or for incorporation into coatings, paint or other plastic resinous products.

Abstract: A water repellent composition for treating surfaces which is an aqueous solution of a water soluble silane coupling agent and an alkyltrialkoxysilane. The alkyltrialkoxysilane is either an alkyltrialkoxysilanes with C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl groups on silicon or a blend of alkyltrialkoxysilanes each with C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl groups on silicon. A treatmetn method for wood and masonry is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for improving the adhesion of aqueous silicone elastomeric materials to porous masonry substrates consists essentially of first coating the substrate with an aqueous silicone emulsion which provides an elastomeric coating upon removal of the water, the emulsion having a viscosity of from 0.1 to 10 Pa.s at 25.degree. C. and a pH of from 7 to 11.5 inclusive. After the first coating is dried to form a film, a second aqueous silicone emulsion which provides an elastomeric material upon removal of the water is applied. The second aqueous silicone emulsion has a solids content of greater than 15 percent by weight and a viscosity of greater than 10 Pa.s at 25.degree. C. The second silicone emulsion is then allowed to dry, forming an elastomer firmly adhered to the substrate. The elastomer can be in the form of a coating to give protection to the substrate from the effects of water, pollution, or sunlight; or can be in the form of a sealant to seal spaces between masonry pieces.

Abstract: Protecting marble, stone, tiles, cement, and similar materials utilized in the building industry from the action of atmospheric agents and pollutants, which comprises applying a perfluoropolyether having perfluoroalkyl end groups onto the surface of the article, said perfluoropolyether being in the form of an aqueous microemulsion.

Abstract: A masonry water repellent composition for treating surfaces which is an aqueous solution of a water soluble silane coupling agent and an alkyltrialkoxysilane. The alkyltrialkoxysilane is either an alkyltrialkoxysilanes with C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl groups on silicon or a blend of alkyltrialkoxysilanes each with C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl groups on silicon. A treatment method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Quarried building materials, e.g., slate, marble and stone, are waterproofed and structurally shaped by sawing such quarried material while concomitantly introducing water into the cutting zone, and wherein the process water contains an effective waterproofing amount of a silicone emulsion.

Abstract: Protecting marble, stone, tiles, cement, and analogous materials utilized in the building industry, from the action of atmospheric agents and pollutants, by applying onto the surface thereof a microemulsion of perfluoropolyethers, optionally provided at one end or at both ends or in the chain with functional groups capable of acting as anchoring agents to the substrate.

Abstract: Efflorescence phenomena on mineral substrates are prevented by coating the surface of the mineral substrates with aqueous polyacrylate dispersions and drying the coating, if necessary at elevated temperatures, by a process in which a mixture of(A) a dispersion of a copolymer of(a) (meth)acrylates of alkanols which are of 3 to 20 carbon atoms and have a tertiary CH group,(b) styrene, .alpha.-methylstyrene, methyl methacrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate and/or (meth)acrylonitrile and(c) mono- and/or dicarboxylic acids of 3 to 5 carbon atoms and/or or their amides which may be substituted at the N atom by alkyl, and(B) an aromatic ketoneis used for the coating, and the coating is exposed to ultraviolet light.

Abstract: Mixtures containing organosilicon compounds and their use for the waterproofing and antimicrobial impreganation of stone, masonry and concrete. The organosilicon compounds are alkyltrialkoxy silanes and cationic trialkoxy silanes.

Abstract: A method of coating a concrete floor is disclosed in which the concrete surface is coated with a homogeneous liquid coating composition containing maleate or fumarate unsaturation in combination with vinyl ether unsaturation and a ketonic photoinitiator, the wet coating is allowed to seep into the concrete surface and to flow out on the concrete surface to form a smooth coating, and this coating is cured by exposing it at light having a wavelength in the range of from about 200 to about 600 nanometers.

Abstract: The surfaces of stony materials, tiles, cement conglomerates and relevant manufactured articles are protected from atmospheric agents and pollutants by surface application of a protective material consisting of a mixture comprising a vinylidene fluoride polymer or copolymer containing 55-100 mol % of vinylidene fluoride, 0-45 mole % of hexafluoropropene and 0-30 mol % of tetrafluoroethylene and an aqueous microemulsion or emulsion of perfluoropolyethers. Such mixtures are applied by conventional methods onto the surface to be protected.

Abstract: Protecting marble, stone, tiles, cement and analogous materials, utilized in the building industry, from the action of atmospheric agents and pollutants, by applying to the surface of the material an emulsion of perfluoropolyethers, optionally having at one end or at both ends or in the chain functional groups capable of acting as anchoring agents to the substrate.

Abstract: A method for treating siliceous and carbon central structures with a water repellant composition wherein an effective amount of water repellant composition is dispersed in water and the mixture then is applied in a continuous process after the mixing to the structure to be treated. The methods also contemplate increasing the depth of penetration of a silane into the structure to be treated by applying subsequent applications of silane to the structure to be treated.

Abstract: A dressed leather is provided at least on one side with depressions and have on this side absorbent protruding fibres. At this side the leather is bonded with a layer formed of an aqueous dispersion of synthetic plastics material, said layer fills the depressions and completely receives the protruding fibres and forms at least a part of the dressing, which dressing is provided with a structured surface at the side turned away from the leather.Preferably, the dressing consists of two layers, the inner layer, which is adjacent the leather and completely receives the protruding fibres, is formed of the aqueous dispersion of synthetic plastics material and the outer layer, which has the structured surface, consists of an aqueous dispersion of synthetic plastics material or of a liquid solution of synthetic plastics material.

Abstract: Process for the protection of stone materials, marble, bricks, and concrete, and of structures made from such materials, against the decay caused by atmospheric agents and pollutants, by applying to the surface of said materials or structures a mixture which is constituted by:(1) polytetrafluoroethylene in the form of a fine powder;(2) a perfluoropolyether not bearing functional groups; and/or(3) a perfluoropolyether or a fluoropolyether having a chain end, or both chain ends, constituted by functional groups which are capable of forming a chemical and/or physical bond with the material to be protected.The invention also relates to a process for preventing, on the normal materials for building industry and lining materials, the decay effects caused by writings made by using spray paits or brush paints, inks, and the like.

Abstract: Described are compositions suitable for rendering masonry and other surfaces water repellent. Such compositions comprise the reaction product of a linear polysiloxane containing at least one percent of alkyl hydrogen siloxy groups and a C.sub.7 -C.sub.30 alkenyl succinic anhydride. The reaction product may be diluted with an inert liquid diluent such as water or mineral spirits. The composition may be applied to masonry or other structural surfaces by techniques known in the art.

Abstract: Use of finely divided aqueous cationic dispersions of synthetic resins obtainable by emulsion polymerization from suitable monomers and which contain cationic dispersion polymers, as impregnants and primers for consolidating and priming of porous absorbent substrates, preferably inorganic substrates such as, for example, masonry, concrete, plaster surfaces, gypsum surfaces, bricks or wood, by treating these substrates with the aqueous cationic dispersions whose polymer particles have mean particle diameters of 0.02 to 0.2 .mu.m.Aqueous cationic dispersions of synthetic resins exhibit a superior penetrating and permeating power, in particular on smooth plaster surfaces and smooth gypsum surfaces, compared with aqueous anionic or non-ionic dispersions of synthetic resins.

Abstract: The surface of stone materials, of tiles, of cement mixes and articles and structures manufactured therefrom are protected against atmospheric and polluting agents by superficially applying a protecting material consisting of a vinylidene fluoride polymer or copolymer comprising 55-100% by moles of vinylidene fluoride, 0-5% by moles of propene hexafluoride and 0-30% by moles of tetrafluoroethylene. Such polymers or copolymers are applied to the surface to be protected in the form of a solution in volatile solvents.

Abstract: A dressed leather is provided which comprises a split leather having one side from which fibers protrude, a first layer of solidified aqueous dispersion having a thickness between 0.07 mm and 0.22 mm of a synthetic plastics material in which the fibers are completely immersed on the one side, and a second layer of a synthetic plastics material of generally the same thickness of the first layer bonded to the first layer and having turned away therefrom a textured or non-textured surface. Additionally, there may be a finish layer overlying the textured or non-textured surface of the second layer. The split leather is substantially free of the dispersion except at the fibers.

Abstract: A process for protecting manufactured structures or articles of marble, stones, tiles, cement and the like from the action of polluting and atmospheric agents, by applying a perfluoropolyether onto the surface of the manufactured structure or article, characterized in that there is utilized a perfluoropolyether having at one or both its ends functional groups selected from carboxylic, ester or amidic groups.

Abstract: A grindstone-polymer composite for a super colloid mill characterized in that, in the inner void pores of the porous vitrified grindstone for the super colloid mill, thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers are allowed to fill the void pores of the wall surface within a range of 30 to 60% of total volume of void pores in said grindstone so that 70 to 40% of void pores in the grindstone for the super colloid mill remain and the volume fraction Vp thereof lies within a range of 0.09 to 0.21.

Abstract: A method for treating a carbon or graphite electrode comprising contacting the electrode with a phosphate-containing compound and a halide-containing compound. The treated electrode is oxidation retarded and inhibits non-conductive film formation between the electrode and a copper electrode holder, thereby inhibiting arcing between the electrode and the electrode holder when used in an electric arc furnace.

Abstract: The coating of surfaces to impart gloss and protect from weathering, and the use of solvents in paint formulations, are disclosed; the following being exemplary: Compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are saturated alkyls having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms therein. R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, alternatively, may be the same and form a nitrogen heterocyclic compound such as that derived from, for example, a pyrrolidine, a piperidine or a hexahydroazepine.

Abstract: A process for coloring granite a which comprises dissolving in a solvent a metallic salt formed by reacting a metal with a strong acid to form a solution, introducing the solution to a vacuum container charged with granite to permeate the solution into the granite, developing color by heating the permeated granite in a heating furnace maintained at temperatures in the range from 250.degree. C. to 300.degree. C. for 2 to 3 hours, cooling down to room temperature, and finally surface-treating the colored granite with silicone oil.

Abstract: Method and device for impregnating plates (5) with a dispersion (D), whereby the plates (5) are saturated with dispersant (M) in a device (1) and the plates (5) are dried with dry air in a drying system (2) from the surfaces (51) to be impregnated down to a predetermined depth and then the dispersion (D) is introduced with an application device (3) into the dried area and the plates (5) subsequently dried.The application roller (3) is located in a vacuum chamber (7). The plates (5) are conveyed among the various devices (1, 2, 3, 4) with a continuous conveyor (6), a conveyor belt for example.

Abstract: Leather is finished with a synthetic carboxylated rubber dispersion to which as much as 50% by weight of one or more oxides and/or hydroxides of divalent and/or trivalent metals may have been added, finishing being carried out by a process in which the carboxylated rubber dispersion is prepared by the emulsion feed method, with a conversion of more than 90%, in such a way that it contains from 20 to 60% by weight of carboxylated rubber which is soluble in dimethylformamide at room temperature.

Abstract: A dressed leather comprises a split leather having one side from which fibers protrude, a first layer of a solidified aqueous dispersion having a thickness between 0.07 mm and 0.22 mm of a synthetic plastics material in which the fibers are completely immersed on the one side, a second layer of a synthetic plastics material of generally the same thickness as the first layer bonded to the first layer and having turned away therefrom a textured surface, and a finish layer overlying the textured surface of the second layer. The split leather is substantially free of the dispersion except at the fibers.

Abstract: The invention is directed to overprinting a poly(vinyl chloride) resin substrate whose surface, or portion thereof, is colored by solvent soluble dye or by way of a mass solvent soluble dye, with a coloring agent made up of a liquid halogenated hydrocarbon solvent having 1-4 carbon atoms, pigment dispersed in said halohydrocarbon solvent, and a film former, dissolved in said halohydrocarbon solvent, consisting essentially of (a) acrylic resin or (b) a combination of acrylic resin and chlorinated polyolefin, at least 50% by weight of acrylic resin; and heat treating said overprinted substrate to adhere said film former and associated pigment.

Abstract: Marble, stones, tiles and articles manufactured from such materials are protected from the degrading action of atmospheric and polluting agents by applying to the surfaces of said materials and manufactured articles, a protecting agent which is a perfluoropolyether as such or diluted with a solvent or a mixture of solvents having a boiling temperature lower than 80.degree. C., preferably a fluorochlorohydrocarbon.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of a porous inorganic material e.g. stone, comprises contacting the porous inorganic material with a single phase liquid mixture comprising alkoxysilane, water, organic solvent and a silanol polymerization catalyst. There is also included a liquid treatment for a porous inorganic material in the form of a single phase liquid mixture, comprising alkoxysilane, water, organic solvent and a silanol polymerization catalyst; which mixture may be supplied in the form of a pack comprising an assembly of containers which contain the various components of the mixture either separated from one another or in suitable admixture.

Abstract: A wristwatch strap of leather or the like has a continuous non-porous barrier layer on the surfaces of the strap that contact the wrist of the wearer. The barrier layer consists of metal particles such as aluminum, noble metal or silver, having a particle size of 150 to 500 microns, preferably 200 to 350 microns, embedded in a matrix which consists of a synthetic resin. The barrier layer is effective to prevent the transfer of allergens and irritants from the material of the wristwatch strap, to the skin of the wearer.

Abstract: A method is provided for upgrading rock in the form of aggregate, block, shaped stone or concrete structures involving the treatment of such rock with a dilute aqueous solution of polyelectrolyte and polyalkyleneglycol. Treated aggregate, portland cement and bituminous concrete compositions containing such treated aggregate are also provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing reinforcing fibers for a hydraulic binding material, to be used as an initial material for structural elements comprises the steps of providing a plurality of plant fibers and mineralizing the plant fibers. The mineralizing step includes opening the capilaries of the plant fibers, drying the same, impregnating the plant fibers with a lime water suspension, soaking the plant fibers with a formaldehyde-containing water glass solution, and intermediately drying the plant fibers between the impregnating and soaking steps. The plant fibers, after the drying, can be first impregnated with a lime water suspension, then dried, and after this soaked with a formaldehyde-containing water glass solution. It is also possible that the plant fibers, after drying, can be first soaked with a formaldehyde-containing water glass solution, then dried and after this impregnated with a lime water suspension.

Abstract: A polyester comprising acid monomer units of terephthalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid and isophthalic acid and/or an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and glycol monomer units of a C.sub.2-10 alkylene glycol in specific proportions has been found to be extremely useful as hot-melt materials such as a hot-melt adhesive, a hot-melt coating material, a hot-melt sealing material and a hot-melt filling material. The present hot-melt polyester has excellent melting characteristics, that is, it can be rapidly molten from a solid state with a high sensitivity to heating to give a molten polyester having a stably low viscosity that does not almost undergo change according to variation of temperature and having an excellent fluidity. Further, the present hot-melt polyester has a good affinity for objects (e.g. adherend) to which the polyester is applied and exhibits excellent bonding or adhesive performance. Moreover, the present hot-melt polyester has improved suppleness and flexibility.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved method for priming the surface of a cement mortar or concrete base whereby the adhesive bonding strength of the overcoat finishing with a cement mortar or paste as well as the waterproofing effect of the overcoat layer can be greatly improved by use of a novel aqueous priming composition. The priming composition contains, as an essential ingredient as dissolved in an aqueous medium, a modified polyvinyl alcohol characteristic in the side chains etherified with long-chain alkyl groups such as lauryl and stearyl in a limited mole fraction. The priming composition may also contain an emulsion of a synthetic resin mainly composed of vinyl acetate. The effectiveness of the modified polyvinyl alcohol is so outstanding that the inventive priming composition may contain only 1% by weight or more of the modified polyvinyl alcohol based on the total solid content, the balance being the synthetic resin dispersed as the emulsion.

Abstract: An improved leather grip is disclosed wherein leather strapping for a handle is treated with a tackifier resin, the surface roughened, and a solvent applied to the leather surface. A wax-solvent solution may also be used in treating the leather. The improved hand grip is useful in improving the grip on sporting equipment such as golf clubs and tennis racquets.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions which are suitable for the treatment of leather and have a pH of from 2 to 7 and particle diameters of from 20 to 150 nm of polymers having a T.sub..lambda.max -value below 20.degree. C. ofA from 20 to 70 parts by weight of one or more acyclic conjugated dienes having from 4-9 carbon atoms;B from 10 to 40 parts by weight of acrylonitrile and/or methacrylonitrile;C from 1 to 5 parts by weight of allylsulphonic acid and/or methallyl sulphonic acid or water-soluble salts thereof;D less than 20 parts by weight of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid hydroxyalkylesters having from 2-4 carbon atoms in the hydroxyalkyl group; andE 0 to 40 parts by weight of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid alkyl esters having up to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.

Abstract: Advantages in the dressing of leather, especially of split leather, with a synthetic rubber latex are obtained if in the leather dressing, the rubber latex is reacted with from 0.5 to 50% by weight, based on solid rubber, of one or more oxides and/or hydroxides of one or more bivalent metals and the leather is treated with a non-polymerized rubber latex which is produced in a one-stage process up to a monomer conversion of from 70 to 95% by weight, by emulsion polymerization of:(A) from 1 to 10 parts by weight of one or more .alpha.,.beta.-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids; and(B) from 90 to 99 parts by weight of a mixture of(a) from 10 to 90 parts by weight of butadiene and(b) from 10 to 90 parts by weight of styrene and/or acrylonitrile, wherein the quantity of acrylonitrile in the mixture amounts to a maximum of 50 parts by weight.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are certain novel compounds which are mostly properly designated as 3-isothiazolones. These compounds and compositions containing them exhibit a broad spectrum of biocidal properties and are particularly effective for the control of microorganisms.

Abstract: Ambient or low-temperature curable aqueous dispersions of (1) an emulsion polymer containing units polymerized from a monomer mixture of (a) from about 0.25% to about 10% by weight of a polymerizable aldehyde, (b) from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, and (c) up to about 99.25% by weight of at least one copolymerizable mono-ethylenically unsaturated monomer, with (2) a curing agent selected from the group of dicarboxylic acid bis-hydrazides and bis-hydrazones are disclosed. The dispersions are useful in leather treating compositions, especially in top coat compositions. A process for producing fully finished leather, or leather substitutes is also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved technique for making the finished shell of a violin. The wood used in the construction of a violin shell is subjected to a heating and treating process which improves the sound properties of the wood in a completed violin. The wood is first subjected to a temperature of 180.degree. F. to 350.degree. F. for a period of 1 to 2 months and then coated with iodine and again heated to a temperature of 300.degree. for a period of 2 to 7 days until the wood becomes charcoal-like. The wood is then scraped and varnished to produce the finished shell of a violin.

Abstract: A lightweight aggregate for use in making concrete which comprises scoria aggregate with the individual particles of the aggregate being impregnated with a slow or medium setting asphalt emulsion in an amount sufficient to materially reduce the absorption rate of the scoria aggregate.

Abstract: Pressure treatment of fire unstable materials by an intumescent fire retardant composition which is injected or insinuated into the surface of fire unstable materials results in a fire and flameproof structure with a high capacity to withstand prolonged exposure to flame and heat.

Abstract: Leather can be protected from color bleeding and, at the same time, the surface gloss and smoothness of a leather can be controlled to any desired value by treating the leather, which has been colored with dyes or pigments, with a copolymer (I) comprising (B) an ethylenically unsaturated ester compound having 4 to 22 carbon atoms and (A) an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 20 carbon atoms or a halogen-substituted derivative thereof and, if necessary, a third component which is a vinyl compound having a functional group; or with a mixture of 100 parts by weight of said copolymer (I) and 0.1 to 100 parts by weight of a polymer of copolymer (II) of an ethylenically unsaturated compound and/or 0.1 to 100 parts by weight of an inorganic powder (III).