Abstract: A heat exchange member includes: a honeycomb structure including: an outer peripheral wall; an inner peripheral wall; and partition walls arranged between the outer peripheral wall and the inner peripheral wall, the partition walls defining a plurality of cells, each of the cells extending from a first end face to a second end face to form a flow path for a first fluid; and a covering member for covering an outer peripheral surface of the outer peripheral wall. In a cross section of the honeycomb structure orthogonal to a flow path direction for the first fluid, the partition walls extend in a radial direction. Each of the cells is formed from the outer peripheral wall, the inner peripheral wall, and the partition walls.

Abstract: A server includes a printed circuit board (PCB), an electronic component connected to the printed circuit board, and a chassis connected to the PCB. The chassis includes a first end with a first aperture configured to allow airflow into the server, a second end with a second aperture configured to allow the airflow out of the server after having passed across the electronic component, and a temporary bulkhead that is movable between a deployed position and a stowed position, wherein in the deployed position, the temporary bulkhead is connected to the PCB and extends across the server in a path of the airflow, and wherein in the stowed position, the temporary bulkhead is disconnected from the PCB and is positioned to open the path of the airflow.

Abstract: A system for efficiently forming a plurality of shaped piece parts from a sheet of material comprises a sheet of piece part material from which the piece parts can be shaped and cut, a pattern for arranging the plurality of piece parts in a prearranged orientation, a series of joints connecting aligned ones of the piece parts within the pattern, a piece part cutting machine configured to separate a plurality of workpieces from the sheet of material according to the patterns and joints, a bending machine for simultaneously applying a first fold and a second fold, each across a respective set of aligned piece parts without breaking the series of joints, and a detacher for breaking the series of joints to groups and individual ones of joined piece parts.

Abstract: A surface mountable reflector for use with a surface-emitting diode (e.g., LED) includes at least one side wall, a roof, and a mounting pad extending from at least one side wall to facilitate mounting of the surface mountable reflector to a circuit substrate, with the roof of the surface mountable reflector disposed over a diode mounted on the circuit substrate, whereby simulation of an edge-emitting diode is achieved.

Abstract: A framing accessory includes a bead and a backing strip. The bead may comprise a first leg, a second leg, and a lip. The second leg may comprise a plurality of openings. The strip may be attached to the upper surface of the first leg. In some embodiments, the strip may comprise a single layer of material, while in other embodiments, the strip may comprise two or more layers of material. The strip may comprise material having fire resistant, intumescent, and/or sound insulating properties. The finishing accessory may be configured to be installed in a gap at a head of wall joint by positioning the first leg and strip along the top edge of a wallboard panel and the second leg extending vertically downward along the outer surface of the wallboard panel.

Abstract: A method of providing an article having a set of directional channels, including a first directional channel, therein is described. The method comprises preparing a mixture including particles comprising a first material and a first binding agent. The method comprises providing an article precursor by surrounding a pattern comprising a second material with the mixture. The method comprises heating the article precursor thereby coalescing the particles to provide the article. The method comprises removing the pattern by reacting the second material to form a gaseous product, thereby providing the set of directional channels in the article, wherein the set of directional channels corresponds with the removed pattern. Such an article is also described.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal shaped article having a porous structure includes a mold formation step of forming a mold having a plurality of columnar structures extending from a substrate by performing a resin material supply step of supplying a liquid containing a resin material to a plurality of places of the substrate at intervals in two directions crossing each other, and a curing step of curing the liquid, a sintering target material supply step of supplying a sintering target material to the mold, a removal step of removing the substrate, a degreasing step of degreasing the columnar structures, and a sintering step of sintering the sintering target material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rechargeable battery (1) comprising at least one storage module (3) for electrical energy and at least one cooling device (2) for cooling or controlling the temperature of the at least one storage module (3), wherein the cooling device (2) has at least one coolant channel (6), at least one coolant inlet (8) and at least one coolant outlet (9) and wherein the cooling device (2) has a single-layer or multi-layer film (4) and lying with this film (4) against the at least one storage module (3).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a light emitting device, including: providing a first structure including: providing a lead frame which includes providing a metal plate including a plurality of pairs of first and second metal parts, each metal part including an upper surface, a lower surface, and an end surface, the end surface of the first metal part and the end surface of the second metal part of each pair are opposite to each other, and a first region including the end surface, and disposing a mask of a resist film on the first region using an electrodeposition technique, disposing a first plated layer containing gold or gold alloy on a second region including the upper surface other than the first region on at least one of the upper surface, the lower surface, and the end surface of each of the first and second metal parts using a plating technique, and removing the resist film, providing a resin molded body molded integrally with the lead frame with parts of a lower surface of the lead frame being exposed, in

Abstract: A composite coin, coin blank, medal or token structure provides an inner stack, an outer ring surrounding the inner stack, and a separator, an authentication method and method of manufacture for the same. The inner stack comprises one or more inserts stacked on top of each other. The separator is disposed between the outer ring and the inner stack separating the outer ring from the inner stack and separating the plurality of inserts from each other.

Abstract: In one aspect, a calcium-magnesium alumino-silicate (CMAS)-resistant coating includes an outer coating having a plurality of columnar structures formed during material deposition due to preferential material accumulation and a plurality of generally vertically-oriented gaps separating adjacent columnar structures. The columnar structures include a plurality of randomly-oriented particle splats and a CMAS-reactive material and have a total porosity of less than five percent. The plurality of generally vertically-oriented gaps extend from an outermost surface of the outer coating to a first depth of the outer coating equal to or less than a total thickness of the outer coating. The vertically-oriented gaps have a median gap width of less than five micrometers.

Abstract: A composite material member having an FRP layer made of fiber-reinforced plastic, and a resin-rich layer that has a fiber content that is 5% or less of the fiber content of the FRP layer. The resin-rich layer is formed in at least a partial region of a surface of the FRP layer, and is formed from the same resin as a matrix resin of the fiber-reinforced plastic. A hole is bored so as to penetrate the FRP layer and the resin-rich layer.

Abstract: An object is to provide an aluminum plate having favorable coating properties and favorable adhesiveness to active materials and a method for manufacturing an aluminum plate. The aluminum plate having a plurality of through holes that penetrate in a thickness direction includes through holes A which have an average opening diameter of the through holes of 0.1 ?m or more and less than 100 ?m and have a shape in which a maximum diameter Ra is formed inside and the maximum diameter Ra and a minimum diameter Rb satisfy 1>Rb/Ra?0.1.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for volumetric manufacture of three-dimensional physical objects from a precursor material based on plans, specifications, or virtual models. A build domain is provided comprising an enclosed three-dimensional wire grid in which the wires are connected to one or more electric power sources configured to controllably and addressably apply power to one or more individual wires to cause the wires to dissipate heat produced by Joule heating to the surrounding precursor material situated within the build domain, and to further allow for the control of the three-dimensional heat distribution and accordingly temperature distribution within the build domain. By activating and deactivating one or more predetermined subsets of the wires in the build domain, the precursor can be caused to melt and/or solidify so as to form a three-dimensional object within the build domain.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of forming a hermetically sealed enclosure that comprises a diamond material. The method comprises providing first and second enclosure components comprising the diamond material and having first and second recesses, respectively, at edge portions. At least one of the first and second enclosure components has a cavity. The enclosure components have respective contact surfaces at the first and second recesses and are shaped such that an outer channel is formed by the co-operation of the first and second recesses when the first and second enclosure components are contacted at the contact surfaces to form the enclosure. The method further comprises bonding a first type of material to at least surface portions of the first and second recesses of the first and second enclosure components, respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for providing vehicles with energy by magnetic induction. The apparatus has a primary side electric conductor and a field shaping layer. The invention also relates to a composite layer for shaping magnetic field lines of an electromagnetic field generated by an electric conductor. The composite layer includes a continuous supporting layer and a plurality of elements made of magnetizable material. Finally, the invention relates to a method of generating an apparatus for providing vehicles with energy by magnetic induction.

Abstract: A fuel cell (3) includes interconnectors (hereinafter, IC) (12, 13), a cell body (20) disposed between the ICs and including an air electrode (14) and a fuel electrode (15) on both surfaces of an electrolyte (2), and current collecting members (18, 19) disposed between at least one of the electrodes (14, 15) and the ICs. The current collecting members (19) include connector contact portions (19a) in contact with the IC (13), cell body contact portions (19b) in contact with the cell body (20), and connecting portions (19c) that are bent approximately 180 degrees and connect both the contact portions. The connector contact portions include asperities (19e) on outside surfaces of the connector contact portions on the side where the connector contact portions are in contact with the IC 13, and a spacer (58) is disposed between the connector contact portions and the cell body contact portions.

Abstract: A vibration damping insert configured to seat within a cell of a cellular structure and to span the cell cavity. The insert comprises a first portion formed of a first material and a second portion formed of a second material having lower stiffness than the first material. The first portion is arranged to constrain deformation of the second portion to be in a predetermined direction. The invention also comprises a vibration damping body comprising a cellular structure formed of a plurality of tessellating cells and a vibration damping insert as described. The vibration damping insert is mounted in at least one of the cells in the cellular structure. The invention also comprises a method of manufacturing a vibration damping body.

Abstract: The present application provides seal assemblies for reducing leakages between adjacent components of turbomachinery. The seal assemblies may include outer shims, and at least a portion of the outer shims may be substantially impervious. At least one of the outer shims may be configured for sealing engagement with seal slots of the adjacent components. The seal assemblies may also include at least one of an inner shim and a filler layer positioned between the outer shims. The at least one inner shim may be substantially solid and the at least one filler layer may be relatively porous. The seal assemblies may be sufficiently flexible to account for misalignment between the adjacent components, sufficiently stiff to meet assembly requirements, and sufficiently robust to operating meet requirements associated with turbomachinery.

Abstract: A method is provided for coating a hollow, internally cooled blade (1) of a gas turbine, in which method an outer coating (5) comprising an MCrAlY-based bonding layer (6) and a ceramic thermal barrier layer (9) of zirconium oxide is applied to the base material (3) of the blade (1) on the outer side of the blade (1) and an inner coating (4) comprising a Cr diffusion layer (7) is applied to the base material (3) of the blade (1) on the inner side of the blade (1). The MCrAlY-based bonding layer (6) is thereby applied to the finished blade (1). At the same time, along with the inner coating (4), the Cr diffusion layer (7) is also applied to the MCrAlY-based bonding layer (6) of the outer coating (5) by chemical vapor deposition. Subsequently, an Al diffusion layer (8) and an outer brittle Al build-up layer are applied by chemical vapor deposition to the bonding layer (6) coated with the Cr diffusion layer (7).

Abstract: Provided are a heat-absorbing material having high heat resistance and high wavelength selectivity, and a process for producing the same. The heat-absorbing material includes: a heat-resistant metal having the substantially same periodic structure in the light incidence plane as the wavelength of sunlight having a specific wavelength in the wavelength regions of visible light and near-infrared rays; and a cermet formed on the light incidence plane of the heat-resistant metal. Thus, there can be achieved desirable absorption and radiation characteristics being such that absorption is performed in the visible light region meanwhile reflection is performed in the infrared region. Furthermore, the cermet does not need complicated film-formation control, and therefore, the high heat resistance can be maintained.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aluminum-diamond composite having both high thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient close to those of semiconductor elements, which is improved in platability in the surface and surface roughness so that the composite becomes suitable for use as a heat sink of a semiconductor element of the like. Specifically disclosed is a plate-like aluminum-diamond composite containing diamond particles and a metal mainly composed of aluminum. The aluminum-diamond composite is composed of a composite part and surface layers formed on both sides of the composite part, and the surface layers are composed of a material containing a metal mainly composed of aluminum. The diamond particle content is 40-70% by volume of the entire aluminum-diamond composite.

Abstract: This dummy substrate is for use in an inline reactive sputtering apparatus. The main unit thereof is made of a rectangular-plate-like frame structure in which an opening portion in a rectangular shape is formed in a metal plate in a similar shape. It is configured such that a contact portion of a carrier with the main unit is covered with the main unit. As a result, even while the sputtering apparatus is in operation, there is no possibility of the occurrence of undesirable situations such as glass cracking, making it possible to significantly increase the number of times the dummy substrate is used. Furthermore, the dummy substrate continues to cover the contact portion with the carrier. Thereby, it is possible to prevent deposition of a substance left in a sputter deposition chamber, especially a compound thin film, on the contact portion of the carrier with the substrate.

Abstract: A base frame includes a base plate, a first side plate, and a second side plate. The base plate has a first edge and a second edge. The base plate includes a plurality of V-shaped reinforcing ribs. Each V-shaped reinforcing rib has a first end and a second end. The first and second ends are located at the first and second edges, respectively. The first side plate is connected to the first edge and has a plurality of first through holes. Each first through hole is locationally configured next to the first edge and faces to the corresponding first end. The second side plate is connected to the second edge and has a plurality of second through holes. Each second through hole is locationally configured next to the second edge and faces to the corresponding second end.

Abstract: A method for solid state bonding of a plurality of metallic layers and devices made by that method are disclosed. First and second metallic layers are solid state bonded utilizing a protective coating on the non-bonded surfaces that engage the pressure applying appliance to prevent the surfaces from adhering to the pressure applying appliance and to protect the surfaces from imprinting during the bonding process. The invention can be used to fabricate micro-channel devices with smooth outer surfaces and eliminate mold release compounds utilized in conventional bonding procedures.

Abstract: A first substrate including, on one of surfaces, a light absorption layer having metal nitride and a material layer which is formed so as to be in contact with the light absorption layer is provided; the surface of the first substrate on which the material layer is formed and a deposition target surface of a second substrate are disposed to face each other; and part of the material layer is deposited on the deposition target surface of the second substrate in such a manner that irradiation with laser light having a repetition rate of greater than or equal to 10 MHz and a pulse width of greater than or equal to 100 fs and less than or equal to 10 ns is performed from the other surface side of the first substrate to selectively heat part of the material layer which overlaps with the light absorption layer.

Abstract: A press-fit type connector terminal including a contact section inserted into a through-hole of a printed circuit board, the connector terminal being formed of a single elastic metal sheet, the contact section including a plurality of contact pieces surrounding a longitudinal center line of the press-fit type connector terminal, and a pair of binders binding the contact pieces at their opposite ends, the binders having a thickness smaller than a maximum thickness of the contact pieces.

Abstract: Liner plates of mild steel layered over with chromium carbide are provided with a bi-planar spacer clip also acting as a lifting eye on the top surfaces thereof and fasteners such as bolts or studs extending from the exposed planar surface of the mild steel layer. A chain and hook arrangement is used to deliver and locate each liner plate adjacent a wall upon which the liner plates are to be mounted in vertically stacked relationship. The clips serve as spacers between vertically stacked liner plates and the fasteners extend through pre-formed holes in the wall of the delivery structure. The clips have a notched base portion which receives a weld bead running along the top exposed edge of only the mild steel layer. The clips are left in place after installation and are gradually worn away by ore traveling through the delivery structure.

Abstract: There is provided a graphite composite film including a graphite film and a metal layer formed on a surface of the graphite film, in which peeling-off of the metal layer from the graphite film is suppressed. More specifically, the graphite composite film includes a graphite film and a metal layer formed on at least one side of the graphite film, wherein the graphite film has a plurality of through holes formed therein, a metal layer is formed also inside the through holes so as to be connected to the metal layer formed on a surface of the graphite film, the metal layer inside the through holes is formed continuously from the one side to an opposite side of the graphite film, and a distance between outer diameters of the through holes is 0.6 mm or less and a ratio of an area of metal inside the through holes to an area of the graphite composite film is 1.4% or more.

Abstract: A self-aligned tunable metamaterial is formed as a wire mesh. Self-aligned channel grids are formed in layers in a silicon substrate using deep trench formation and a high-temperature anneal. Vertical wells at the channels may also be etched. This may result in a three-dimensional mesh grid of metal and other material. In another embodiment, metallic beads are deposited at each intersection of the mesh grid, the grid is encased in a rigid medium, and the mesh grid is removed to form an artificial nanocrystal.

Abstract: A modular construction system in which a number of three dimensional construction elements are adjoined to form a modular wall, ceiling or floor assembly. In their pre-assembly condition, each three dimensional construction element is formed from a planar metallic sheet (10) sub-divided by fold lines (12a, 12b) into panels (14, 16, 18) defining a multi-panelled sheet. Each panel lies in a common plane and at least one of the panels is deformable along its fold lines out of said common plane to form an assembled three-dimensional construction element for adjoining to other three-dimensional construction elements. At least one panel is provided with an opening (14a, 16a) dimensioned to allow the passage of a reinforcement or stabilising material through the assembled three-dimensional construction element.

Abstract: The present invention provides a galvanized metal reinforcing tensile member for use in mechanically stabilized earth structures and a method for delaying an onset of corrosion of the tensile member. The tensile member includes a structurally compromised region in a portion of the tensile member and a corrosion protective coating on at least the structurally compromised region, the coating of a thickness and composition to delay an onset of corrosion at the structurally compromised region to correspond to at least that of a remainder of the tensile member.

Abstract: A copper metal alloy, for use in making elements for promoting and/or stimulating vital energy comprises between 60% and 70% in weight of copper (Cu), between 16% and 24% in weight of silver (Ag), between 3% and 6% in weight of zinc (Zn), between 3% and 6% in weight of manganese (Mn) and between 0.5%> and 6%> in weight of germanium (Ge). Tin (Sn) in percentage comprised between 3% and 6% can also be provided for. Platinum (Pt) can also be provided for between 0.1% and 5% in weight. The alloy is used for making for example sheets in form of plates or strips which are associated to articles of various types.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a compact component (10) comprising a shell (12) and optionally a grid structure (14) situated inside the shell (12) which are made of a shell material, and a core structure (16) that fills an interior of the shell (12) and is made of a core material. The invention further relates to a corresponding compact component that can be produced by means of the method.

Abstract: A shingle insert and method for eliminating and preventing growths on a shingled roof in which copper strips forming the inserts are installed with an upper edge disposed beneath a course of shingles with the remaining portions of the insert exposed. The insert strips have a confined space defined beneath a stiffening lengthwise extending arched hump formed in the exposed copper strip portions which has an array of elongated indentations formed therein with slits therein to allow slow drainage of water impounded by the arched hump through the inserts may contain a growth toxic material, in solid or granular form which releases a substance toxic to the growths when rainwater runoff passes into the confined space and over the material and thereafter flows out down the roof.

Abstract: A structural layer (30) may be bi-cast onto ligaments (62) extending from a porous cooling construction (20). The material of the structural layer may be optimized for high-temperature strength, while the material of the porous construction may be optimized for high thermal conductivity. A fugitive material (56) such as wax may be formed on the ligaments of the porous construction. A second fugitive material (58) such as ceramic may fill the remaining part of the porous construction. An investment casting shell (60) may be disposed around the porous construction and the fugitive materials. The first fugitive material may then be replaced with the material of the structural layer (30), and the second fugitive material may be removed to provide coolant paths (26). A second structural layer (52) may be bi-cast onto further ligaments (62) on a second side of the porous construction.

Abstract: A core tie having a varying cross sectional diameter, a component including such a core tie, and a method of casting a hot gas path component for a turbomachine are provided herein. In an embodiment, the core tie includes a tie member having an axial length; and a cross sectional diameter which varies along the axial length of the tie member. A variation in the cross sectional diameter of the tie member positively secures a position of the core tie relative to the core.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, manufacture, circuit, and/or composition of matter adapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method for activities that can comprise and/or relate to, a first form comprising: a plurality of surface artifacts that substantially spatially replicate a surface geometry of a stacked foil mold; and a prong that is adapted to form a hole in a cast product.

Abstract: The process of forming a partial gold-plating pattern on a stainless substrate includes a first plating step, a second plating step, and a stripping step. In the first plating step, pretreatment is applied to a stainless substrate including opposite main planes and a processing site formed of a plane different from the main planes, after which a first gold-plating layer is formed all over the surface of the stainless substrate using a hydrochloric acid plating solution. In the second plating step, mask plating is used to form a second gold-plating layer on the first gold-plating layer that covers the processing site in a desired pattern, and in the stripping step, a portion of the first gold-plating layer in an area where there is none of the second gold-plating layer is stripped off using an alkaline stripping solution.

Abstract: The present invention aims to obtain a surface modification member which is bonded successfully to an implant material in a method for bonding a surface modification member and an implant material by using a slurry containing metal powders. The present invention is a biocompatible metallic porous plate to be bonded to the surface of in vivo implant material, wherein the area ratio A of open holes (a) present on the surface of the side facing the implant material is less than the area ratio B of open holes (b) present on the surface of the side facing a living body; and the open holes (a) communicate through to the living body side. The biocompatible metallic porous plate is preferably produced by layered manufacturing.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for producing a foil slitting cut in a foil of a foiled metal sheet. A foil slitting tool is moved along a predetermined path with a tool tip resting on the metal sheet and thereby mechanically produces the foil slitting cut by displacing foil material along the path. The foil slitting cut has at least one acute-angled tooth for forming at least one foil corner detached from the metal sheet.

Abstract: A method of integrally forming at least one stiffener onto a sheet metal component configured to carry a load is provided including generating a stereolithography file. The stereolithography file includes a surface geometry of the at least one stiffener extending from a surface of the sheet-metal component. The surface geometry of the stereolithography file is sliced into a plurality of thin strips. The plurality of thin strips is substantially parallel to the surface of the sheet metal component. Energy from an energy source is applied to a powdered material such that the powdered material fuses to form the plurality of thin strips. One of the plurality of thin strips is integrally formed with the surface of the sheet-metal component. Each of the plurality of thin strips is integrally formed with an adjacent thin strip to create at least one stiffener.

Abstract: A flow formed part includes a first end, a second end, and a side wall extending therebetween. A reinforcing member is disposed around the second end. The side wall has a profile formed along an inner surface of the side wall. The profile is adapted to be substantially burr free after windows are formed in the sidewall. A method of making a flow formed part includes the steps of disposing a preform on a tailstock, providing a plurality of rollers adjacent the tailstock, providing a mandrel having an outer surface including a plurality of alternating channels and protuberances, and causing the rollers to press the preform against the outer surface of the mandrel.

Abstract: A method for mounting a second member on a first member, wherein a pad layer is provided on the first member, and wherein an annular aperture portion exposing the first member to the bottom and having at least one discontinuous portion is provided in a region of the pad layer for mounting the second member having a mount face, the annular aperture portion having the same outer shape as the mount face of the second member is disclosed. The method includes: filling the aperture portion with a solder paste layer; and disposing the mount face of the second member on the solder paste layer, and melting and cooling the solder paste layer to mount the second member on the first member.

Abstract: Generally, the present disclosure relates to a composite structure having at least three different components, and a process for manufacturing the same. The structure may be, but need not be, a metal coin. In one embodiment, the structure comprises an outer ring and two inserts stacked on top of each other and disposed within the outer ring. The outer ring and each of the two inserts are made of different materials. The outer ring and each of the inserts are locked together by a plurality of recesses formed in outer circumferential surfaces of the inserts. The structure may further comprise at least one interlayer disposed between the two inserts for adhering the two inserts to one another. The three major components and the interlayer may be made into a single structure by a striking force during coining or striking.

Abstract: Articles of manufacture comprise a body. A porous material is plated on the body, the porous material comprising nickel having a plurality of pores disposed in a generally ordered array extending into the nickel. Methods of forming a porous material on a body comprise disposing an anode and a cathode in an electrolyte comprising nickel ions. An electrical signal is pulsed to at least one of the anode and the cathode. A porous material comprising nickel having a plurality of pores generally disposed in an ordered array extending into the nickel is deposited on the cathode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a panel having a profile. The panel includes a first longitudinal edge including in succession a first longitudinal rib, a flange, and a second longitudinal rib. Each longitudinal rib includes an upper central part and two lateral wings. The panel also includes a central part and a second longitudinal edge including in succession a first lateral portion, a protruding part, and a second lateral portion. The lateral portions have a configuration permitting them to at least partially overlap the upper central parts of the first and second longitudinal ribs. The protruding part is capable of receiving a fastener. The present invention also provides an assembly of panels marginally overlapping, a roofing and a kit for fabrication of roofing.

Abstract: A transparent conductive structure useful in the fabrication of electrical, electronic, and optoelectronic devices is provided by a mesh-like metallic structure in the form of a thin film having a plurality of apertures, e.g. one having an average size of 250 nm to 425 nm as measured in the largest dimension and an average nearest-neighbor spacing of 300 nm to 450 nm. In another aspect, the metallic thin film has plural sublayers of different metals, and may have apertures up to 2 ?m in size and an average nearest-neighbor spacing of up to 2.5 ?m. The metallic thin film may be 20 to 200 nm thick, and may be formed on a flexible or rigid substrate or on a device itself. The structure exhibits a transparency enhanced over a value determined simply by the fraction of the area of the metallic film occupied by the apertures.

Abstract: Three dimensional structures useful for fundraising. The three dimensional structures can be structured into an interlocking puzzle configuration, can be essentially stacked, or configured in any manner that is stable and will provide a message to potential donors during a fund raising event. A method of fundraising using such blocks is also disclosed.

Abstract: A metal sheet member for insert molding with a plastic member is disclosed having a plurality of bonding portions arranged on the top wall thereof for enhancing the bonding strength of the plastic member to the metal sheet member, each bonding portion including a groove located on the top wall of the metal sheet member and a lug formed of a part of the metal sheet member and obliquely upwardly curved from one end of the groove.