Abstract: Leakproof, adhesive, non-lamellar and pore-free antifriction coatings can be produced from essentially oxidation-sensitive dispersion alloys, with at least two metallic alloy components forming a miscibility gap in the solid state, by means of vacuum plasma-spraying with a practically homogeneous material distribution. Precipitation crystallites of alloy components are significantly below 5 .mu.m and fringe-crystal growth is definitely inhibited. By adding hard particles during the coating process further dispersion consolidation can be achieved. Such antifriction coatings improve longevity, corrosion resistance and emergency lubrication of sliding surfaces without reducing their running-in characteristics and their ability to bed in foreign matter. They can be deposited individually on to sliding bearing components or continuously on to supporting strips.

Abstract: Hardened penetrators (armor penetrating projectiles) of tungsten alloy can be work hardened such that they are hard at the surface, tough in the center to resist bending, and with hardness gradient such that the surface hardness is materially harder than the center or the core thereof.

Abstract: A protective coating system for superalloys is described. The coating is an yttrium enriched aluminide, and can be formed by aluminizing an MCrAlY coated superalloy, wherein during the aluminizing process, aluminum diffuses completely through the MCrAlY coating and into the substrate. The coating system exhibits desirable oxidation resistance and resistance to thermal fatigue cracking.

Abstract: For some applications of slide layers, for example in connecting rod bearings of internal combustion engines, for individual sites of a formed piece, high load bearing capability are required while for other places of the same formed piece good embedding abilities are demanded. A composite material with a slide layer applied by cathode sputtering of a tightly cohesive matrix and an insoluble component distributed statistically in it, is adapted to these opposite demands in that the diameter of the particle of the insoluble material has gradients at predetermined sites, which extend parallel to the surface of the slide layer, and to which slide layer hardness gradients correspond. These gradients are generated during the cathode sputtering process in the substrate to be coated to form a growing slide layer having temperature gradients which are maintained and which extend parallel to the substrate surface.

Abstract: A rotary drill bit is provided for boring earth formations which includes a bit blank and a metal matrix secured to the blank. The metal matrix includes a filler material dispersed therein. Cutting elements are mounted on the exterior face of the bit, and substantially all of the exposed internal and external surfaces of the bit are coated with an erosion and abrasion resistant hardfacing material bonded to the metal matrix.

Abstract: A coated substrate in which the coating includes abrasion-resistant particles protruding from the hardened surface of a metal matrix and is bonded to the substrate.

Abstract: Case-hardened plate armor disclosed includes a steel plate (14,18) that is heat treated to provide carbonitride surfaces and a tough, ductile core, with the carbonitride surfaces having a toughness of at least 66, and preferably at least 67, on the Rockwell C scale to prevent surface penetration, and with the tough, ductile core being softer than the carbonitride surfaces to prevent brittle fracture. The steel plate (14,18) may be made from either rolled homogenous armor which has a final core hardness in the range of 45 to 50 on the Rockwell C scale, or from high-hard armor which has a final core hardness in the range of 52 to 54 on the Rockwell C scale. The steel plate may be made with holes or may be imperforate depending upon weight requirements.

Abstract: A preform for being embedded in a matrix material for making a composite material is made essentially of many short fibers stuck together by a quantity of dried binder. This preform has a first portion in which the fiber volume proportion is relatively high, a second portion in which the fiber volume proportion is relatively low, and a third portion, joining between the first portion and the second portion, in which the fiber volume proportion changes substantially continuously from its portion adjoining to the first portion to its portion adjoining to the second portion. Thereby, the characteristics of the composite material, such as its strength, heat and wear resistance, and machinability and workability and characteristics with respect to wear on a mating member, alter smoothly from the first portion to the second portion without any severe discontinuity, thus ensuring that no points of weakness are caused.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a turbine disk and a method of making the turbine disk comprising the steps of rotating a mold, adding a first powdered metal to the rotating mold at a first rate, reducing the rate of addition of the first metal to a second rate, and adding a second powdered metal to the mold at a third rate substantially equal to the difference between the first and second rates.

Abstract: An alloy for contacting portions of a conductive interconnect layer exposed by an overlying organic insulating layer having apertures therethrough. The alloy contains chromium and titanium, and is formed such that at least 50 atm % of the total content of the alloy is titanium at the alloy-insulating layer interface.

Abstract: A method of laying a protective coating on a blade (1) made of a titanium alloy including vanadium. Vanadium powder is deposited on the portion of the blade (1) to be coated, the temperature of the powder is then raised to a temperature slightly greater than the melting point of vanadium. A powder of a cobalt-chromium-tungsten alloy is then deposited on the layer of vanadium, and this powder is raised to a temperature greater than its melting temperature and less than the melting temperature of vanadium. A blade made of an alloy of titanium including vanadium is characterized in that the blade includes a coating layer (5) of cobalt-chromium-tungsten alloy at its periphery, said layer being at least 1 mm thick and covering an underlayer of vanadium (6) which has a thickness lying in the range 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. The resulting blade has very high resistance to abrasion by water droplets.

Abstract: Corrosion and wear resistant metallic compositions containing nickel, cobalt, boron and thallium and articles coated therewith are described. Preferred electroless coatings contain nickel and cobalt in a ratio of about 45:1 to about 4:1 and are deposited as hard, amorphous alloy nodules of high nickel content dispersed or rooted in a softer alloy of high cobalt content. The coatings are preferably deposited on catalytically active substrates from an electroless coating bath containing nickel ions, cobalt ions, thallium ions, metal ion complexing agents and a borohydride reducing agent at pH about 12 to about 14. With post-coating heat treatment coated surfaces exhibit hardness levels as high as about 1300 Knoop.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for providing an article having within its integral body a plurality of sections of varying density. The method involves successively loading a die with each of a plurality of powders, each powder having a specific composition and particle size and each powder being loaded in a predetermined amount to result in each section of the final article having a characteristic density, compacting the powders to produce a preformed article, and sintering the preformed article at a sufficient temperature for a sufficient time to produce the final article.A method is disclosed in which the powders are metal.A metal article is disclosed which is produced the above methods, with the preferred metals being tungsten powder and molybdenum powder.

Abstract: There are disclosed a surface refined sintered alloy body which comprises a hard phase containing at least one selected from the group consissting of carbides, carbonitrides, carbooxides, carbonitrooxides of the metals of the groups 4a, 5a and 6a of the periodic table and a binding phase containing at least one selected from iron group metals, characterized in that the concentration of the binding phase in the surface layer (of from 10 .mu.m to 500 .mu.m from the surface of the sintered alloy) is highest at the outermost surface thereof and approaches the concentration of the inner portion, the concentration of the binding phase decreasing from the outermost surface to a point at least 5 .mu.m from the surface; and a method for making the same by applying decarburization treatment at the surface of the sintered alloy at temperatures within the solid-liquid co-existing region of the binding phase after sintering or in the process of sintering.

Abstract: A platinum article, especially an article of jewellery, has its surface region modified to improve its scratch resistance by the addition of at least one element which forms an intermetallic compound with platinum, especially aluminum and chromium. The surface region may be formed by the pack cementation chemical vapor deposition process.

Abstract: A process for casting molten transition metal alloy comprising 15 to 35 at % of rare earth metal in which the molten alloy is contacted with a surface (26) of a backing member (25) and the alloy is caused to solidify whilst in contact with the surface (26) such that when the alloy has solidified there is produced a unitary structure (21) comprising a solid layer (27) of the alloy bonded to the backing member (25). The process minimizes the effects of cracking in the alloy and facilitates the use of the alloy as a sputter target.

Abstract: The protection layer (3,4,5) applied to a support (1) by a vacuum plasma spraying process comprises an adherence layer (3), an intermediate layer (4) and a coating layer (5). In order to enable a universal application of the protection, particularly in the construction of turbines, foundry and nuclear technique, the adherence layer (3) is made of a selected material having a composition and a thermal expansion coefficient close to those of the material of the object to be coated (1). The intermediate layer (4) is comprised of a mixture of the material of the adherence layer (3) and of that of the coating layer (5) and the coating layer is comprised of a thick layer of sprayed material selected in the group of borides, carbides, nitrides and oxides of preferably TiB.sub.2 or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A graded material system comprising: a refractory metal alloy base having a major metal selected from the group consisting of Group V-B metals (columbium, tantalum and vanadium), and having at least one alloy metal selected from the group consisting of Group IV-B metals (titanium, zirconium and hafnium), Group VI-B metals (molybdenum, tungsten and chromium) and mixtures thereof. The base has a surface containing non-metallic pick-ups in concentration of at least 1 mg/cm.sup.2 at said surface and decreasing inwardly from said surface. The non-metallic pick-ups are selected from the group consisting essentially of: oxygen and carbon; oxygen, carbon and nitrogen; oxygen, carbon and boron; and oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and boron.

Abstract: In the recrystallization and purification of a strip-shaped film of a metal or metalloid wherein one or more locally restricted melting zones are produced and are moved through the film, the improvement which comprises advancing the film, and melting it in zones which are transverse to the direction of advance of the strip-shaped film. Advantageously the film is melted by passing a current through a spirally wound coil which is placed near the film; the film is advantageously advanced in a plane so that the melt zones are diagonal relative to the film.

Abstract: An Al-containing stainless steel is rapidly solidified from a molten state to produce a ribbon. In catalyst carrier for the exhaust gas of automobile, the Al is utilized for the formation of .alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 whiskers, which carry and rigidly bond the .gamma.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 powder to the ribbon, as the direct carriers of noble metals.

Abstract: A method of producing a material having a layer of ceramic as a first component, a layer of a metal as a second component and an intermediate layer lying between said layers and including said first and second components in continuous gradient ratios so that the properties of the material may change continuous, including a step of forming said intermediate layer by igniting a powder mixture of metallic and nonmetallic constitutive elements of said ceramic component and said metal component so as to cause a synthetic reaction in the powder mixture.

Abstract: This invention provides a shaped, graded, cermet article comprising at least one continuous ceramic phase and at least one discontinuous metal phase, the ratio of ceramic/metal being controlled and varied over the thickness of the article. The ceramic phase preferably is microcrystalline.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetic head core material having very high corrosion resistance even under severe conditions and a method for preparing the same. The material consists of 3 to 6 wt % of aluminum, 7 to 12 wt % of silicon, not more than 3 wt % of chromium and the substantial balance being iron.

Abstract: Novel materials having the ability to reversibly store hydrogen are amorphous metal alloys of the formulaA.sub.a M.sub.b M'.sub.cwhereinA is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Hg, Pd and Pt;M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pb, Ru, Cu, Cr, Mo, Si, W, Ni, Al, Sn, Co. Fe, Zn, Cd, Ga and Mn; andM' is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mg, Ti, Y, Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta and the rare earths; andwhereina ranges from greater than zero to about 0.80;b ranges from zero to about 0.70; andc ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95;characterized in that (1) a substantial portion of A is disposed on the surface of said material and/or (2) that said material functions as an active surface layer for adsorbing/desorbing hydrogen in conjunction with a bulk storage material comprising a reversible hydrogen storage material.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic film for magnetic recording comprises a copper substrate having particles of iron and iron oxides dispersed in the surface layer of the copper. The particles have maximum dimensions in the range between 50 and 500 Angstroms. The ferromagnetic film can be formed by ion implantation of iron ions into the copper substrate followed by heat treatment to permit growth of ferromagnetic particles to the desired size. As an alternative to ion implantation, the iron can be deposited on the copper substrate by sputtering or evaporation and mixed with the copper by ion beam mixing.

Abstract: An electrode wire for wire electric discharge machining a workpiece at high speed and high accuracy and a process for preparing the same are provided. The electrode wire comprises a core wire made of a copper clad steel wire, 10 to 70% of the sectional area of the copper clad steel wire being occupied by copper, and a copper-zinc alloy layer covering the core wire. The copper-zinc alloy layer is prepared by coating the core wire with zinc by electroplating or hot galvanizing, followed by heating to disperse copper in the zinc layer to convert the same into a copper-zinc alloy layer wherein the concentration of zinc is increased gradually along the radially outward direction. The preferable thickness of the copper-zinc alloy layer ranges from 0.1 to 15 microns and the average concentration of zinc in the copper-zinc alloy layer is preferably less than 50% by weight but not less than 10% by weight.

Abstract: In construction of a conductive plate made of dispersion strengthened copper alloy, the concentration of the dispersed substance is decreased in the surface sections in order to raise the bending endurance.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a magnetic recording layer formed on a non-magnetic substrate by depositing a ferromagnetic metal or alloy on the substrate, the recording layer containing oxygen atoms in such a manner that the ratio thereof gradually reduces from the substrate side to the surface of the recording layer except the portion thereof very near to the surface thereof. The recording layer may comprise many deposited magnetic films, each containing oxygen atoms distributed as described above or uniformly in a ratio different from those in the other magnetic films. In the latter case, a magnetic film positioned nearer to the substrate contains a higher ratio of oxygen atoms.

Abstract: A ring is formed having alternating segments of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials. The ring is formed by first providing an annular ring of a high strength magnetic steel. Teeth are formed on the outer surface of the ring by forming troughs of the ferromagnetic material. Low pressure plasma deposition is used to fill in the troughs with a high strength paramagnetic material. The excess steel and excess plasma deposited material is removed to leave the finished ring of alternating segments of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic material.

Abstract: High performance alloy structures are improved in corrosion and erosion and wear resistance characteristics by the incorporation of an interdispersed phase and a ternary or quaternary alloy of platinum, rhodium or palladium, the alloy base metal and an alloying element such as aluminum in the structure surface with the use of relatively less of the precious metals for a given depth of case by virtue of the conjoint incorporation of the interdispersed phase.

Abstract: An inorganic fiber-reinforced metallic composite material comprising a matrix of a metal or its alloy and inorganic fibers as a reinforcing material, characterized in that(a) the inorganic fibers are inorganic fibers containing silicon, either titanium or zirconium, carbon and oxygen and being composed of(i) an amorphous material consisting substantially of Si, M, C and O, or(ii) an aggregate consisting substantially of ultrafine crystalline particles with a particle diameter of not more than 500 .ANG. of .beta.-SiC, MC, a solid solution of .beta.-SiC and MC and MC.sub.1-x, and amorphous SiO.sub.2 and MO.sub.2, provided that in the above formulae, M represents titanium or zirconium, and x is a number represented by 0<x<1, or(iii) a mixture of the amorphous material (i) and the aggregate (ii),(b) the inorganic fibers have an initial degradation speed of not more than about 0.3 kg/mm.sup.2.sec.sup.

Abstract: This composite material includes reinforcing hybrid fiber mixture material in a matrix of metal which is aluminum, magnesium, copper, zinc, lead, tin, or an alloy having these as principal components. The hybrid fiber mixture is a mixture of amorphous alumina-silica fiber material and mineral fiber material. The amorphous alumina-silica fiber material has as principal components 35% to 80% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 65% to 20% by weight of SiO.sub.2, with a content of other substances of less than or equal to 10% by weight, with the percentage of non fibrous particles included therein being less than or equal to about 17% by weight, and with the percentage of non fibrous particles with diameters greater than 150 microns being less than or equal to 7% by weight. And the mineral fiber material has as principal components SiO.sub.2, CaO, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, the content of MgO being less than or equal to 10% by weight, the content of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: This composite material includes reinforcing carbon fibers and a matrix metal which is an alloy containing from 2% to about 8% by weight of Zn, less than about 2% by weight of Zr, less than about 1% by weight of Al, and balance substantially Mg. Thereby, the strength of the composite material is found to be substantially improved. Preferably, the content of Zn in the matrix metal may be from 3% to about 7.5% by weight, even more preferably this content of Zn in the matrix metal may be from 4.5% to about 7% by weight, and optimally it may be 6% by weight. Preferably, the content of Zr in the matrix metal is less than about 0.18% by weight, and preferably the content of Al in the matrix metal is less than about 0.6% by weight. The carbon fibers may desirably be high strength carbon fibers, i.e. carbon fibers which have low graphitization level.

Abstract: This composite material includes reinforcing hybrid fiber mixture material in a matrix of metal which is aluminum, magnesium, copper, zinc, lead, tin, or an alloy having these as principal components. The hybrid fiber mixture is a mixture of alumina fiber material and mineral fiber material. The alumina fiber material has principal components of at least about 80% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and remainder substantially SiO.sub.2. And the mineral fiber material has as principal components SiO.sub.2, CaO, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, the content of MgO being less than or equal to 10% by weight, the content of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 being less than or equal to 5% by weight, and the content of other inorganic substances being less than or equal to 10% by weight, with the percentage of non fibrous particles being less than or equal to 20% by weight, and with the percentage of non fibrous particles with diameters greater than 150 microns being less than or equal to 7% by weight.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium which comprises a magnetic layer formed on a substrate and comprising Co, or Co and one to three elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cr and O, wherein, when the magnetic layer is divided equally into four portions in the direction of the thickness of the magnetic layer, the density of the portion located farthest from the substrate is greater by at least 20% than the average density of three other portions.

Abstract: A sprayed-on wear-resistant coating which is carried on a substrate constituted by a machine part surface, has an inner face oriented towards the substrate and an outer face oriented away from the substrate. The coating consists of a material whose structure and/or composition continuously varies from the inner face of the coating towards the outer face thereof.

Abstract: This composite material includes reinforcing alumina-silica fiber material in a metal matrix. The alumina-silica reinforcing fibers have principal components about 35% to about 65% by weight of SiO.sub.2, about 35% to about 65% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and a content of other substances of less than or equal to about 10% by weight, with the weight percentage of the mullite crystalline form therein being at least about 15%, and with the weight percentage of included non fibrous particles with diameter greater than or equal to 150 microns being not more than about 5%. And the matrix metal is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, copper, zinc, lead, tin, and alloys having these as principal components. The volume proportion of the alumina-silica fibers should be at least 0.5%. Within these constraints, the qualities of the composite material with regard to wear, and wear on a mating member, and hardness, bending strength, and tensile strength, are good.

Abstract: A magnetic memory disk which has controlled magnetic characteristics in the radial direction is provided by controlling the thickness and composition of the magnetic layer which is formed on the disk. The thickness of the layer may be varied in the radial direction to control the remanence of the disk and the composition of the magnetic layer varied to control the coercivity of the disk. The magnetic layer is formed by an electroplating operation employing one or more rotating apertured masks in an electrolyte solution between an anode and a disk (cathode) which is to be plated. The thickness of the plated layer is determined by the configuration of the apertures in the mask, and the relative composition of the layer is determined by the variation and distance of the mask to the disk in the radial direction. Thickness characteristics of layers other than the magnetic layer may also be precisely controlled in the radial direction to achieve desired characteristics.

Abstract: A metal article such as a piston for a diesel engine has at least one portion which includes a matrix composite reinforced by inorganic ceramic fibers, wherein the density of fibers and/or the fiber orientation in the matrix composite is varied to provide superior resistance to thermal fatigue while having superior strength and wear characteristics.

Abstract: An article comprising a substrate having a hard and corrosion-proof coating thereon. The coating includes a thin metallic layer having an ultrafine distribution of hard materials and a particular compact morphology.

Abstract: A bearing element having an adherent score-resistant coating on its surface comprising a carbonized layer of an organic resin in which the layer is carbonized by ion implantation. The ion implantation is controlled to not only provide graphite-like and diamond-like structures in the carbonized coating but to also produce chemical bonding between carbon atoms of the resultant coating and atoms of the bearing surface.

Abstract: An iron-zinc alloy electro-galvanized steel sheet having a plurality of iron-zinc alloy coatings, which comprises: at least one iron-zinc alloy coating as the lower layer, formed on the surface of a steel sheet, and at least two iron-zinc alloy coatings as the upper layer, formed on the at least one iron-zinc alloy coating as the lower layer. The ratio of iron content to the coating weight of each of the at least one iron-zinc alloy coating as the lower layer is within the range of from 1 to 15 wt. %, and the total coating weight of the at least one iron-zinc alloy coating as the lower layer is within the range of from 1 to 50 g/m.sup.2 per side of the steel sheet. The ratio of iron content to the coating weight of each of the at least two iron-zinc alloy coatings as the upper layer is over 15 wt.

Abstract: A bearing element having an adherent score-resistant coating on its surface comprising a carbonized layer of an organic resin in which the layer is carbonized by ion implantation. The ion implantation is controlled to not only provide graphite-like and diamond-like structures in the carbonized coating but to also produce chemical bonding between carbon atoms of the resultant coating and atoms of the bearing surface.

Abstract: The invention is refractory, electrically conductive, mixed materials based on hexagonal boron nitride and at least one electrically conductive component such as titanium boride and zirconium boride, and having a density of at least about 95% of the theoretical density and nondirection-dependent properties, which have been manufactured from powder mixtures that are practically free of oxygen and metal and comprisefrom about 10 to 60% by weight of boron nitride,from about 0 to 60% by weight of aluminum nitride and/or silicon nitride, andfrom about 30 to 70% by weight of an electrically conductive component,without the concomitant use of sintering aids by means of isostatic hot pressing in a vacuum-tight casing at temperatures of from about 1400.degree. to 1700.degree. C. and under a pressure of from about 100 to 300 MPa. The powder mixtures are pre-densified to form green bodies in block form and are then introduced into casings or coated with a material forming a vacuum-tight casing.

Abstract: A ferrous metal body having a diffusion bonded coating which is corrosion resistant and free of any significant polarization, the bulk of said coating being comprised an alloy of at least about 70% by weight molybdenum, up to about 5% by weight iron balance chromium, the outside surface or surface portion of said coating being comprised of an alloy of at least about 30% by weight chromium, up to about 1% by weight iron, balance molybdenum, said outside surface or outside surface portion of said coating being significantly richer in chromium than said bulk portion, and a diffusion bonding layer comprised of MoCrFe alloy extending from said bulk portion into the surface of said ferrous body, said diffusion bonding layer being comprised of at least about 10% by weight molybdenum, at least about 5% by weight chromium and at least about 10% by weight iron.

Abstract: Structure coated with graded ceramic material and methods of coating application are disclosed. Techniques for maintaining low stress to strength ratios across the depth of the coating are discussed.In one particular structure the coating is applied to a metal substrate (12) and comprises a metallic bond coat (14), a first interlayer (16) of metal/ceramic material, a second interlayer (18) of metal/ceramic material having an increased proportion of ceramic and an all ceramic layer. Modulation of the metal substrate temperature during the coating process establishes a desired residual stress pattern in the part.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of aligned eutectics as thin films is provided. The components of the eutectic are deposited in overlying planar layers on a suitable substrate to form a preform and a molten zone, having predetermined characteristics, is established and caused to traverse the preform melting and intermixing the deposited layers leaving the solidified thin film eutectic in its path.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of aligned eutectics as thin films is provided. The components of the eutectic are deposited in overlying planar layers on a suitable substrate to form a preform and a molten zone, having predetermined characteristics, is established and caused to traverse the preform melting and intermixing the deposited layers leaving the solidified thin film eutectic in its path.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of aligned eutectics as thin films is provided. The components of the eutectic are deposited in overlying planar layers on a suitable substrate to form a preform and a molten zone, having predetermined characteristics, is established and caused to traverse the preform melting and intermixing the deposited layers leaving the solidified thin film eutectic in its path.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of aligned eutectics as thin films is provided. The components of the eutectic are deposited in overlying planar layers on a suitable substrate to form a preform and a molten zone, having predetermined characteristics, is established and caused to traverse the preform melting and intermixing the deposited layers leaving the solidified thin film eutectic in its path.