Abstract: The disclosure relates to a floor mat and method for producing the same. The floor mat includes a plurality of tufts extending from a carrier fabric which is joined by a layer of adhesive to a backing having at least one layer of vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer. The process for production of the floor mat includes applying an olefin based adhesive to the back of a primary tufted fabric which has been preheated. The process for production includes the further separate step of applying a sheet of vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer of between about 20 and 40 mils thickness with or without a layer of reinforcing material to the preheated adhesive backed primary tufted fabric. A second layer of vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer may thereafter be applied following another heating step.

Abstract: An interior base material is obtained by a method comprising a step of treating with a treating agent which comprises (A) a water-insoluble water-absorbent resin having a water absorbency to pure water for 50 to 1,000 ml/g and a particle size of 0.1 to 100 .mu.m, (B) a polyoxyalkylene nonionic surfactant and/or an anionic surfactant, and (C) a solvent having the boiling point of 50 to 250.degree. C. A process for printing the thus-treated interior base material comprises applying a dye ink having a viscosity of 1 to 100 cps by an ink-jet method, or applying a textile printing dye paste having a viscosity of 100 to 10,000 cps by a textile printing method followed by a heat-color developing treatment.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a tile having a desired pattern. The pattern goes through the tile in the thickness direction. For manufacturing such a tile, e.g. a partition plate 84 is disposed in a pressure forming die 91 so as to divide its inside space into an outer forming space 95 and an inner forming space 96. Light black granules and light red granules are filled respectively in the outer and inner forming spaces 95, 96. Then, the partition wall 84 is taken out from the die 91, and lining granules are filled over the colored granules. Thereafter, they are pressed into one body and burned.

Abstract: An abrasive sheet for fine texture processing has threads planted uniformly on a surface of a flexible base sheet and abrasive particles are attached by a binder to each of these threads uniformly over a specified distance from the tip such that the threads remain free to move independently without getting stuck to each other. Such an abrasive sheet can be manufactured by gravure processing with the separation between a gravure roller and a back roller adjusted according to the distance over which a coating material including the abrasive particles can be applied to the threads.

Abstract: A sparring device comprising a columnar member and a sparring member is disclosed. The sparring member includes a belt portion which is fastened upon the columnar member. The sparing member also includes at least one arm portion which is normally disposed in a horizontal direction with its inner end joined to the belt portion and its outer end in at least one arcuate path the radius of which extends from the inner end of the arm portion. The sparring member may also be separable from the columnar member by unfastening the belt portion.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a water-repellent surface, including steps of preparing a mixture by mixing a curable liquid with a needle-like material, applying the mixture onto a surface of an object, curing a liquid of the applied mixture and forming an applied layer in which the needle-like material has been mixed on a base material of the cured liquid of the mixture, forming pits and projections of the needle-like material on a surface of the applied layer by etching the applied layer under a condition where an etching rate of the base material is larger than that of the needle-like material, and coating the surface of the applied layer with a water-repellent substance.

Abstract: A flexible clay liner in roll form for use on steep slopes. The liner includes a layer of geotextiles. The geotextiles are stitched together in rows of stitches which extend along the length of the liner. The thread used to make the stitching is a multifilament thread treated with a resin to prevent wicking through the liner. The spacing of the rows of stitches and the frequency of stitches along the rows are sufficient to transfer shear stresses through the bentonite layers, thus preventing the bentonite from becoming a shear plane.

Abstract: A composition of matter and a process for the preparation thereof is disclosed for a fibrous composite (e.g., synthetic wood). The fibrous composite contains 50 to 95% by weight carpet and 5 to 50% by weight of a structural adhesive. Structural adhesives effective in this application would include phenol-formaldehyde resins, either of the resole or novalac type, phenol-formaldehyde resins that have at least one other co-monomer present, e.g., bis-phenol A, resorcinol, and other substituted phenols, urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine urea formaldehyde resins, tannin-phenol-formaldehyde resins, diisocyanate resin, epoxy resins, crosslinkable polyvinyl acetate, proteins, e.g., soy flour, blood and polyester resins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dielectric materials used in circuit board, radar and microwave applications and methods of making these materials. The dielectric materials of this invention are characterized by having a ground plane, at least two dielectric materials having different dielectric constants and a common conducting layer positioned over the dielectric materials.

Abstract: A geosynthetic barrier adapted to deny wildlife access to contaminated seents (CS), includes a geocomposite (10) formed of a top layer (14) juxtaposed on a bottom layer (12) which is adapted to be placed on the sediments. The top layer includes a geosynthetic drainage matrix having a plurality of openings, and the bottom layer includes a geotextile having a plurality of openings (12H) formed so as to allow gases to escape from the contaminated sediments on which said geocomposite is placed. The openings in the bottom layer of the geosynthetic barrier have a size in the range up to 200 cm and are spaced apart on centers having a range of between 6 cm to 600 cm, for example. The geosynthetic drainage matrix may be a geonet, a geogrid or a geomesh, fabricated from polyethylene, polypropylene, high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polystyrene, or high impact polystyrene.

Abstract: The textile spacer material is a material for replacing foamed substances; it consists of two knitted or woven covering layers that are connected by a pile thread structure. The pile thread structure produces the compressibility known from flexible foams and the large air fraction. The elasticity can be determined by the length and density of the pile threads and the material used. When recyclable materials are used, an environmentally compatible foam substitute can be obtained. Moreover, the textile spacer material can also assume chemical or physical properties through the use of treated starting material or a treatment during or after production and thus be used as a filter or catalyst material, for example.

Abstract: An improved method of manufacturing geosynthetic clay liners is provided. The method of manufacture enables the construction of a structurally sound liner without the use of glue or adhesive and further without the use of needle punching or quilting. The method of manufacture also eliminates the need for any subsequent drying step. Water in combination with compression is used to adhere the granular bentonite layer to the inside surfaces of the cover sheet and the primary carrier sheet and further to provide structural stability to the bentonite layer itself.

Abstract: A flexible clay liner in roll form for use on steep slopes. The liner includes a layer of geotextiles. The geotextiles are stitched together in rows of stitches which extend along the length of the liner. The thread used to make the stitching is a multifilament thread treated with a resin to prevent wicking through the liner. The spacing of the rows of stitches and the frequency of stitches along the rows are sufficient to transfer shear stresses through the bentonite layers, thus preventing the bentonite from becoming a shear plane.

Abstract: A method for making tufted carpet, as well as the tufted carpet made by this method, are provided. Pile yarn fibers are tufted into a tufting backing, which is composed of a primary backing, a secondary backing, and an elastomer sandwiched between the primary and secondary backings. In another embodiment, the tufting backing comprises a primary backing and an elastomer applied to the primary backing, but does not include a secondary backing. In a preferred embodiment, the elastomer is applied to the primary backing in a non-contiguous form whereby voids are provided within the arrangement for the tufting backing to be tufted without the primary backing fibers being immobilized. After the pile yarn fibers are tufted into the tufting backing, the elastomer is heated such that it softens, allowing the elastomer to flow in and around the pile yarn fibers. The elastomer may then be cooled, thereby hardening the elastomer and bonding the pile yarn fibers to the primary backing.

Abstract: A geosynthetic clay liner is disclosed for providing barriers in landfills that substantially preclude the migration of liquids. The geosynthetic clay liner includes a layer of bentonite disposed between a primary carrier sheet and a cover sheet. The primary carrier sheet and the cover sheet are linked via plurality of tufting threads. A bight or loop portion of the tufting thread extends through to the undersurface of the lower or primary carrier sheet and is partially melted to prevent the bight portion from slipping back through the primary carrier sheet. The partially melted bight portions create an under surface with a high coefficient of friction thereby enabling the geosynthetic clay liner to be installed on steep slopes or banks of landfills or ponds.

Abstract: A geocomposite liner having a first fibrous layer, a second fibrous layer, and a non-fibrous layer secured between the first and second fibrous layers. A plurality of fibers extend from the non-fibrous layer such that the ends of the fibers extend outwardly of an outer surface of the first fibrous layer. The ends are heat fused so as to secure the ends outwardly of the outer surface of the first fibrous layer. The second fibrous layer is needle punched such that the fibers extend from the second fibrous layer through the non-fibrous layer. The ends of the fibers are heat fused such that the ends have a greater diameter exterior of the first fibrous layer than interior of the first fibrous layer. Some of the ends are heat fused together on the outer surface of the first fibrous layer.

Abstract: Basic commodity or collector's object in particular of a high replacement collector's value with an identification label, whereby the identification label is formed in material of the object itself as an optical mark which is not visible if illuminated with a light source with a wavelength range within the sensitivity range of the human eye but is visible to the human eye if illuminated with a light source outside this sensitivity range the label being situated in an area of a housing surface or other area of the which is optically transparent for at least a part of the wavelength range within the sensitivity range of the human eye and for an additional wavelength range which is outside the sensitivity range of the human eye and which is used to read the label, whereby the undamaged nature of the area is at least to a high degree important when evaluating the replacement or collector's value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cleaning fiber provided for a cleaning unit of an image forming apparatus such as an electrostatic copying machine or an electrostatic printer using an electrostatic process, the cleaning fiber being capable of quickly removing transferred oil which causes oil fog to be generated. The cleaning fiber according to the present invention contains inorganic porous particles dispersed therein.

Abstract: A contact member for controlling an electrostatic state of a surface of a chargeable member includes electrically conductive base members, and flame retardant material included in the base members.

Abstract: A nonwoven surface treating article suitable for treating surfaces which include calcium carbonate, such as marble floors, includes an open, lofty, three-dimensional nonwoven web of a plurality of thermoplastic organic fibers, a binder, and abrasive particles having an average particle diameter ranging from about 0.1 micrometer to about 30 micrometers. The abrasive articles of the invention do not rust, as do steel wool pads, and produce a high gloss, durable surface. A system for treating calcium carbonate-containing surfaces is also presented, the system including the articles and an acidic crystallization agent. Methods of treating calcium carbonate-containing surfaces with the system are also presented.

Abstract: A thermal protection device for protecting walls of structures exposed to ablative flow at high temperatures in the presence of vibrations comprises, embedded in a thermally insulative matrix, a refractory armature formed by a fringed mat comprising a meshed part exposed to the ablative flow and fringes intended to be directed towards the wall of the structure to be protected. The device further comprises an open-weave refractory woven material parallel to the meshed part of the armature and through which the fringes pass.

Abstract: A carpet composite is provided having improved static electricity characteristics which comprises: a surface layer comprised of face yarn, adhered to a backing layer of thermoplastic resin material into which has been incorporated a mixture of carbon black and carbon fibers in an amount sufficient to improve the static electricity characteristics of said carpet composite.

Abstract: A preventive method against apposition of a marine organism according to which a preventive sheet having white or green fur-like fibers provided to be thick thereon, for example such as a boa cloth obtained by napping the front surface of a polyester cloth, is attached to portions of a structure which is to be brought into contact with sea water, with the fibers facing toward the seawater when the sheet is attached to the structure. The preventive sheet comprises a base member to be attached to the submerged portion of the structure and the fur-like fibers thickly provided on the front surface of the base member so as to be flexible and thereby naturally sway in water. The fur-like fibers may be raised vertically in a straight fashion and may contain an ultraviolet-ray absorbent. The base member may be dotted over with magnetic pieces such as magnets.

Abstract: A laminated playing surface and its method of making wherein a chemically blown polyolefin foam sheet is laminated by an adhesive to a scrim sheet saturated with a stabilizing agent which when heated contracts the lamination so that it can stretch tight between opposed edge portions affixed to the surface of the playing site.

Abstract: A sanitary article comprises an absorbent and a sheet of a surface material to envelop the absorbent, the sheet comprising an opaque, hydrophobic film, having recesses in its land portion, the recesses being formed to have a bottom and side walls, the side walls having a slanting part, the slanting part being provided therein with an opening so that the slanting part having the opening may not be covered with the land portion.

Abstract: A gripping stick such as penholders, toothbrushes and shaving holders, in which a skin layer whose main component is polyolefin resin is laminated on a substrate layer formed of high melting point high-density polyolefin resin, the skin layer comprising an elastomer of low melting point low-density polyolefin resin within which high melting point high-density polyolefin resin powder remains in the form of solid particles and a mat-tone or rough surface is formed on the surface of the skin layer.

Abstract: A sports surface comprises a pile fabric (11) and a layer of coated grains (13) in which the pile is partly submerged. The grains are of sand coated with a rubber.

Abstract: A flexible and resilient, nonwoven, surface treating article formed of entangled synthetic fibers bonded together at points where they contact one another by a binder resin comprising plasticized vinyl resin and polymerized amine-formaldehyde derivative.

Abstract: A broadloom carpet is featured that can be laid similar to modular carpet tiles, and which can be cut or severed to remove damaged portions or to gain access to the floor below the carpet. The carpet is uniquely characterized by its ability to prevent fraying and/or warping of severed flaps.

Abstract: There is described a composite sheet includes a textile layer containing an electrically conductive fiber with an electric resistance of 10.sup.5 to 10.sup.9 ohms/cm as disposed at spaced intervals not exceeding 30 mm and a semiconductive layer with a surface resistivity of 10.sup.6 to 10.sup.10 ohms as disposed on the reverse side of the textile layer. This composite sheet releases the static electricity of the charged body on mutual contact and is therefore suitable for use as a car upholstery material and particularly as a seat covering material.

Abstract: A sheet filter made up of a flat textile article carrying micrometric particles of a resistant and/or adsorptive additive, the textile article made up of fibers which upon heating become temporarily adhesive without fusing. Advantageously the textile article is a nonwoven fibrous fleece or a pile fabric; if a fleece, a second fleece can be placed over the additive particles so heating unites the fleeces as well as adhereing the particles.

Abstract: A carpet composite is provided having improved static electricity characteristics which comprises: a surface layer comprised of face yarn, said face yarn being embedded into a backing layer of thermoplastic resin material into which has been incorporated a mixture of carbon black and carbon fibers in an amount sufficient to improve the static electricity characteristics of said carpet composite.

Abstract: A hot-melt adhesive comprising at least one component which under the action of microwaves on the dry hot-melt adhesive leads to an increased heating-up rate compared with a corresponding dry hot-melt adhesive without said component contains with a view to universal application with highest possible activatability and constant property characteristic as microwave-activatable component electrically conductive substances with an electrical conductivity higher than that of the dry hot-melt adhesive without said component. Provided as electrically conductive substances are in particular carbon fibres, carbon black, graphite, antistatic agents and metal particles, either on their own or in mixtures adapted to the use. Hot-melt adhesive coatings or self-supporting hot-melt adhesive films having these additives have a heating-up rate by microwaves which is greater by a factor of up to 400 than that of conventional microwave-activatable adhesives.

Abstract: Pile carpet of nylon, polyester, or other pile yarn, is coated with 0.1 to 5 weight percent, based on weight of the pile yarn of a heat-activated adhesive powder having a melting point within the range of 100.degree. to 170.degree. C., preferably 110.degree. to 150.degree. C. For nylon pile yarn a preferred adhesive powder is a ternary copolyamide selected from the group consisting of 6/6,6/12; 6/6,6/11; and 6/6,6/12,12. The powder is heat-activated, for example to 195.degree. C. for about 60 seconds. The treated carpet displays enhanced carpet tuft appearance, improved resilience, carpet surface cleanness, and improved wear performance.

Abstract: A surface suitable for equestrian and other use such as ball games is formed using a sand mixture which comprises a selected sand within which is distributed in a homogeneous and randomly oriented manner a relatively small percentage by weight of straight (uncrimped) polymeric fibres, the fibres serving to hold the sand together under the weight of the horses hooves or players feet or other users such as wheeled vehicles or implements.

Abstract: Floor covering, such as carpets (40) or other covering materials for residential and general furnishing, are fixed to a floor or other surface (10) by means of an applied bonding layer (42).Embedded into the bonding layer are adhesive particles which are made chemically passive and the cohesive forces of which are greater in the thermoplastic state than their adhesive forces and which are converted, only after the carpet has been laid and adjusted in position, from their non-adhesive state into a malleable tacky phase of the layer as a result of the effect of temperature, after which a firm bond is produced in a cooling phase as a result of the lowering of this temperature.Alternatively, the bonding layer may be provided by a separate interlayer.

Abstract: A substrate having an appearance similar to that of nubuk-leather or pile-leather, respectively, or of a textile pile consists of a textile carrier body being at least partially impregnated with a, preferably cross-linked, polymeric synthetic plastics material consisting of a foam which has open cells formed by introducing air and optionally has closed cells formed of hollow microspheres. The textile carrier body consists of a fleece or of a knitting, preferably of a crimped fleece of synthetic fibres, which is needled together with a knitting or with a fleece, strengthened by thermal embossing, in such a manner that the fibres extend through the knitting. The knitting may consist of a roughened stockinet, i.e. a stockinet having opened loops. The carrier body is ground at least at its one impregnated surface and is thus rough and can be provided with a coating.

Abstract: This invention provides a fusible interlining which comprises a base fabric having naps distributed thereon, the surface of tip portion of the naps is applied with heat adhesive synthetic resin powders. Particle size of the powders is preferably 80.mu. or less. A method for production thereof is also provided.

Abstract: Use of a textured polyester filament yarn in a substrate for the manufacture of abrasives is disclosed. The substrate permits the manufacture of abrasives having a uniform and clean surface and a long running time. Coated abrasives incorporating the invention will not rapidly lose their binding agent grain layer during grinding and possess a high level of adhesion between substrate and adhesive. The particular yarn disclosed exhibits good absorbency for a binding agent for all, including fine, grains of abrasives.

Abstract: A method characterized by entirely or partially coating a shaped material of synthetic resin or fibers with an adhesive having incorporated therein a thermally color-changeable particulate material which comprises three components enclosed or encapsulated in a high-molecular-weight compound, the three components being an electron donating chromogenic substance, an electron accepting substance corresponding to the chromogenic substance and a solvent having a boiling point of at least 150.degree. C. and selected from among alcohols, amides, esters and azomethines; and electrostatically flocking the adhesive layer with colored or colorless short fibers. The treated material is useful for making stuffed toys or dolls.

Abstract: A composite useful as a ski sole comprising polyethylene particles in a polyethylene film, the former having a greater hardness or higher melt index than the latter, which is capable of renewably forming fibrils extending from a surface thereof under the abrasion characteristic of skiing conditions. The particles may have been treated with a material which is incompatible with or reduces the adhesion to the film-forming polyethylene.

Abstract: Stabilized pile articles, characterized in that the stabilizing has been carried out on the upper surface by means of latices, dispersions and/or resins or by a heat treatment, a process for its production characterized in that an unstabilized pile article is stabilized, and its use for the treatment of surfaces.

Abstract: An air and water vapor permeable, toxic vapor absorptive fabric material comprising, in superimposed relationship,(a) a first inactive, woven or non-woven fabric,(b) a first air and water vapor permeable adhesive layer having activated carbon fiber flocking positioned on the surface thereof away from said (a), and activated carbon powder deposited in the voids formed between said flocking,(c) a second air and water vapor permeable adhesive layer and(d) a second, inactive, woven or non-woven fabric.

Abstract: An element comprises a support, preferably a continuous polymeric film, and fibrous material, preferably a spun glass fiber web, which is secured to the support and protrudes therefrom, the protruding fibrous material being part of a layer comprising randomly distributed fibers having solid material, especially particulate material, adhered thereto. The element can be prepared from a composition containing solid material dissolved or dispersed in a liquid medium by applying said composition to fibrous material which is partially embedded in one surface of a support and then drying to evaporate the liquid medium.

Abstract: An electrically conductive element comprises a support (perferably a flexible continous polymeric film) and fibrous material (preferably a spun glass fiber web) which is partially embedded in the support and partially protruding therefrom, the protruding fibrous material being part of a conductive layer comprising randomly distributed fibers having conductive material adhered thereto. The element can be prepared from a conductive composition containing conductive particles dispersed in a liquid medium (preferably an aqueous dispersion of carbon particles) by applying said composition to a substrate comprising a support and fibrous material which is partially embedded in one surface of the support and partially protruding therefrom, and then drying to evaporate the liquid medium. The elements are particularly useful as heating elements which comprise electrodes so that current can be passed through the conductive layer.

Abstract: A remarkable degree of softness and flexibility is imparted to products such as artificial fur, soft woven or knitted fabrics and the like by using relatively small diameter fibers having a low elastic modulus. The fiber diameter and elastic modulus are selected to obtain a stiffness parameter of less than 8.5.times.10.sup.-9 but preferably greater than 1.0.times.10.sup.-11 lb-in.sup.2.

Abstract: A playing field surface is formed of a synthetic fiber carpet, having generally upright pile fibers, upon which is applied a particulate covering. The covering is formed of a lower layer of resilient, rubber-like particles such as crumb rubber, and an upper layer of relatively coarse sand-like particles. A binder material may be used for binding together at least some of the rubber-like particles. The upper layer sand-like particles cooperate with the exposed upper end portions of the fibers to provide a simulated grass-like field surface. The relatively large sand-like particles resist excessive compacting of the covering as well as form a stabilizing cover for the layer of rubber-like particles which provide an inner resiliency to the field surface.

Abstract: A playing surface for athletic games comprising a stable subsurface, a resilient underpad of specified character, a pile fabric resembling grass and a sand top dressing. The inventive surface is particularly suited for use as a golf green which properly facilitates control of an approach shot and also provides a true putting surface. The playing surface simulates the feel and appearance of natural turf, but has much greater durability and requires less maintenance. By appropriately varying the construction of the surface, it is possible to control its character to provide for a desired type of play.

Abstract: A wall covering material comprising a front, decorative filled cover layer containing textile fibers and a rear foam plastic layer. The foam plastic layer contains flame-retarding additives, is elastic and gas pervious. Furthermore, it contains closed cell inorganic hollow spheres or small balls, which rigidify or stiffen the foam plastic layer, but do not unduly impair its restoring capability and also do not impair the insulation capability, sound absorption capability and flame resistance.

Abstract: This is a decorative linkwork or mesh of interlinked parts which form a sheet for use as a decorative fabric. The linkwork is formed of small overlapping plates and interconnecting rings. Each plate has four outwardly extending arms which are formed into U-shaped hooks for engaging a respective connecting ring. At least one of the outwardly extending arms is relatively longer than the others and has a predetermined portion of its length folded back flat against the plate, resulting in a spacing between the edge of the plate and the beginning of the U-shaped hook formation of that arm.