Abstract: A hydrogen/bromine reduction-oxidation flow battery system includes a bromine electrode, a hydrogen electrode, a membrane, a first catalyst, and a second catalyst. The membrane is positioned between the bromine electrode and the hydrogen electrode. The first catalyst is associated with the bromine electrode. The second catalyst is associated with the hydrogen electrode and at least partially formed from a subsurface alloy configured (i) to promote facile dissociation of H2, and (ii) to prevent bromide from adsorbing onto the hydrogen electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a secondary cell having a negative electrode compartment and a positive electrode compartment, which are separated by an alkali ion conductive electrolyte membrane. An alkali metal negative electrode disposed in the negative electrode compartment oxidizes to release alkali ions as the cell discharges and reduces the alkali ions to alkali metal during recharge. The positive electrode compartment includes a positive electrode contacting a positive electrode solution that includes an alkali metal compound and a metal halide. The alkali metal compound can be selected from an alkali halide and an alkali pseudo-halide. During discharge, the metal ion reduces to form metal plating on the positive electrode. As the cell charges, the metal plating oxidizes to strip the metal plating to form metal halide or pseudo halide or corresponding metal complex.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a redox flow battery and a redox flow battery including the electrolyte, the electrolyte including a metal-ligand coordination compound as a cation and an anion containing at least four atoms linked to each other by a straight chain in a certain direction.

Abstract: A metal-ligand coordination compound containing an aliphatic ligand useful as a catholyte and/or an anolyte that enables the provision of a redox flow battery having high energy efficiency and charge/discharge efficiency.

Abstract: An organic electrolyte solution for use in a redox flow battery and the redox flow battery including the organic electrolyte solution has a high energy density because re-precipitation is prevented in the organic electrolyte solution or eduction is prevented in an electrode during reduction of a metal ion used as an electrolyte.

Abstract: Batteries including a lithium anode stabilized with a metal-lithium alloy and battery cells comprising such anodes are provided. In one embodiment, an electrochemical cell having an anode and a sulfur electrode including at least one of elemental sulfur, lithium sulfide, and a lithium polysulfide is provided. The anode includes a lithium core and a ternary alloy layer over the lithium core where the ternary alloy comprises lithium and two other metals. The ternary alloy layer is effective to increase cycle life and storageability of the electrochemical cell. In a more particular embodiment, the ternary alloy layer is comprised of lithium, copper and tin.

Abstract: A method suitable for detecting the onset of colloid formation within a solution whose composition is in a state of change, which method makes use of the technique of acoustophoresis and which comprises the step of either (I) applying an oscillating electric field to the solution and monitoring the amplitude of the resultant acoustic signal, the onset of colloid formation being detected by a change in the amplitude of the resultant acoustic signal, or (ii) applying an oscillating acoustic signal to the solution and monitoring the resultant oscillating electric field, the onset of colloid formation being detected by a change in the amplitude of the resultant oscillating electric field, or (iii) applying an oscillating electric field to the solution and monitoring the resultant oscillating electric field, the onset of colloid formation being detected by a change in the amplitude of the resultant oscillating electric field.

Abstract: An electrical battery has a vessel accommodating an electrolyte, a positive electrode and a negative electrode arranged in the vessel at a distance from one another in contact with the electrolyte, and a partition arranged in the vessel between the electrodes so that positive ions formed by an electrolytic process from a material of the positive electrode in the electrolyte move toward one side of the partition, and negative ions formed by an electrolytic process from a material of the electrolyte move to an opposite side of the partition during charging of the battery, so that the positive ions and the negative ions at both sides of the partition are attracted to one another and accumulate at both sides of the partition in great quantities so as to provide a significant charge in the battery, one of the electrodes being movable toward the partition to be located in a zone of accumulation of the ions of corresponding charge so as to obtain the charge with high voltage, so that a discharge of the battery is pe

Abstract: Thermocells, also known as thermogalvanic electrochemical cells having one or more hot half-cells, electrolyte salt supplying reservoirs, porous inserts in the electrolyte conduits produce improved power output performance are disclosed.

Abstract: A novel battery cell is disclosed which is characterized by a metal-organosulfur positive electrode which has one or more metal-sulfur bonds wherein when the positive electrode is charged and discharged, the formal oxidation state of the metal is changed. The positive electrode has the general formula(M'.sup.z.spsp.+.sub.(c/z) [M.sub.q (RS.sub.y).sub.x.sup.c- ]).sub.nwhereinz=1 or 2; y=1 to 20; x=1 to 10; c=0 to 10; n.gtoreq.

Abstract: A thermally regenerative electrochemical system including an electrochemical cell with two water-based electrolytes separated by an ion exchange membrane, at least one of the electrolytes containing a complexing agent and a salt of a multivalent metal whose respective order of potentials for a pair of its redox couples is reversible by a change in the amount of the complexing agent in the electrolyte, the complexing agent being removable by distillation to cause the reversal.

Abstract: The limiting current density is increased without detrimentally affecting the quality of the metal deposit in an electrolytic process employing an electrolyte containing a dissolved metal sulfate, by adding sufficient quantities of the metal sulfate in a particulate state to maintain a solids concentration of the metal sulfate in the electrolyte during the electrodeposition.

Abstract: In a secondary battery employing an aqueous lead salt solution as the electrolyte, salts of manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, thallium, bismuth and/or antimony are additionally present in concentrations of from 0.1 to 100 mmole/l.

Abstract: The addition of cathode materials comprising Cu.sup.++, Fe.sup.+++, Cr.sup.+++ or Au.sup.+++, in the form of salts such as the nitrate or halide, e.g. Fe(NO.sub.3).sub.3 or CuCl.sub.2, to low melting nitrate electrolyte cells increases cell potential. Other ions such as Co.sup.++, Eu.sup.+++, La.sup.+++, Ni.sup.++, Mn.sup.++, Ce.sup.+++, Pr.sup.+++, Nd.sup.+++, Gd.sup.+++, Sm.sup.+++ and Tb.sup.+++, in the form of salts thereof, can also be used, but yield smaller cell potentials. Such cathodic materials in the form of a suitable salt, such as a nitrate or halide, e.g. Fe(NO.sub.3).sub.3 or CuCl.sub.2, are added to low melting fused nitrate electrolytes, e.g. a LiNO.sub.3, KNO.sub.3 mixture, in a concentration sufficient to increase cell potential, using Li or Ca anodes. A suitable metal current collector such as a Ni screen can be used as a cathode. The above cathodic materials can be used in conjunction with other cathodic materials such as AgNO.sub.3, which undergoes reduction to the free metal.