Abstract: A redox flow battery may include: a membrane interposed between a first electrode positioned at a first side of the membrane and a second electrode positioned at a second side of the membrane opposite to the first side; a first flow field plate comprising a plurality of positive flow field ribs, each of the plurality of positive flow field ribs contacting the first electrode at first supporting regions on the first side; and the second electrode, including an electrode spacer positioned between the membrane and a second flow field plate, the electrode spacer comprising a plurality of main ribs, each of the plurality of main ribs contacting the second flow field plate at second supporting regions on the second side, each of the second supporting regions aligned opposite to one of the plurality of first supporting regions. As such, a current density distribution at a plating surface may be reduced.

Abstract: A segmented frame plate is provided, which may be used in a frame plate assembly of a redox flow battery cell stack. A plurality of segmented frame plates may couple together around a perimeter of a cell plate. Each segmented frame plate may provide fluidic communication from/to a redox flow reservoir and/or another frame plate assembly to a cell plate of the frame plate assembly.

Abstract: A redox flow battery is characterized in that the anolyte comprises a zinc salt as redox-active component and preferably a 2.2.6.6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl (TEMPO)-based cathode is used.

Abstract: The flow battery according to the present disclosure comprises an anode and a cathode. The cathode comprises a first electrode, a first liquid, a first active material, and a first circulation mechanism. The first liquid is in contact with the first active material and the first electrode. The first circulation mechanism is configured to circulate the first liquid between the first electrode and the first active material. The first liquid includes perylene or the derivative thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stack of several electrochemical cells stacked on top of one another in a stacking direction. The stack comprises at least: a first electrochemical cell, a second electrochemical cell, and an intercalary plate. Each cell includes an upper frame housing a first electrode and a lower frame housing a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode being separated from one another by a membrane. The second electrode of the first electrochemical cell and the first electrode of the second electrochemical cell are separated by an intercalary plate. The stack includes an intercalary frame arranged on the periphery of the intercalary plate.

Abstract: In one example, a system for a flow cell for a flow battery, comprising: a first flow field; and a polymeric frame, comprising: a top face; a bottom face, opposite the top face; a first side; a second side, opposite the first side; a first electrolyte inlet located on the top face and the first side of the polymeric frame; a first electrolyte outlet located on the top face and the second side of the polymeric frame; a first electrolyte inlet flow path located within the polymeric frame and coupled to the first electrolyte inlet; and a first electrolyte outlet flow path located within the polymeric frame and coupled to the first electrolyte outlet. In this way, shunt currents may be minimized by increasing the length and/or reducing the cross-sectional area of the electrolyte inlet and electrolyte outlet flow paths.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a sodium-ion storage material and an electrode material for a sodium-ion battery, an electrode material for a seawater battery, an electrode for a sodium-ion battery, an electrode for a seawater battery, a sodium-ion battery, and a seawater battery, which include the sodium-ion storage material. Specifically, the sodium-ion storage material may include one or more materials selected from the group consisting of CuxS, FeS, FeS2, Ni3S, NbS2, SbOx, SbSx, SnS and SnS2, wherein 0<x?2. When the sodium-ion storage material according to the present disclosure is used, it may exhibit high discharge capacity, and when the sodium-ion storage material is applied to a sodium-ion battery which is a secondary battery, it may exhibit excellent charge/discharge cycle characteristics.

Abstract: The flow battery comprises a first semi-cell (2), wherein a first electrolyte is fed through a first electrode (21); a second semi-cell (3), wherein a second electrolyte is fed through a second electrode (31); a partition membrane (4) disposed between the first electrode (21) and second electrode (31) in order to prevent them from reciprocally contacting with each other, and suitable to enable ions to permeate; and at least one porous barrier material layer (5) disposed between the first electrode (21) and second electrode (31), and suitable to block an undesired flow of ions of one or both the electrolytes through the partition membrane (4), the barrier material layer (5) having zones with different selectivities towards the ions whose flow is undesired.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition including (i) at least one aprotic organic solvent; (ii) at least one conducting salt; (iii) at least one pyridine-SO3 complex of formula (I) wherein R is selected independently at each occurrence from F, C1 to C10 alkyl, C2 to C10 alkenyl, and C2 to C10 alkynyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl may be substituted by one or more substituents selected from F and CN; and n is an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; and (vi) optionally one or more additives; and its use in electrochemical cells.

Abstract: Redox flow battery 1 includes cell stack 2, first positive-electrode tank 11, second positive-electrode tank 12, first negative-electrode tank 21, and second negative-electrode tank 22. Cell stack 2 is divided into a plurality of cell groups 3, each of which consists of a plurality of cells 4. The plurality of cell groups 3 are connected to first and second positive-electrode tanks 11, 12 such that a positive-electrode fluid containing positive-electrode active material flows in parallel through the plurality of cell groups 3, and are connected to first and second negative-electrode tanks 21, 22 such that a negative-electrode fluid containing negative-electrode active material flows in parallel through the plurality of cell groups 3. The plurality of cells 4 in each cell group 3 are connected to each other such that the positive-electrode fluid flows in series through a plurality of positive cells 5 and such that the negative-electrode fluid flows in series through a plurality of negative cells 6.

Abstract: Organic anolyte materials for redox flow batteries and redox flow batteries containing organic anolyte materials are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a secondary battery using lithium metal as a negative electrode, and more particularly, a method of manufacturing a secondary battery capable of removing an oxide film formed on a lithium metal by performing some initial discharges during the initial period of the activation process to thereby improve the cycling performance of the battery by allowing lithium to be uniformly precipitated. The result minimizes the reduction of ion conductivity by removing the oxide film formed on the surface of the lithium metal through the initial partial discharge and improves the battery cycle performance since the precipitation reaction of lithium becomes uniform.

Abstract: A lithium metal oxide powder for a cathode material in a rechargeable battery, consisting of a core and a surface layer, the surface layer being delimited by an outer and an inner interface, the inner interface being in contact with the core, the core having a layered crystal structure comprising the elements Li, M and oxygen, wherein M has the formula M=(Niz (Ni1/2 Mn1/2)y Cox)1-k Ak, with 0.15?x?0.30, 0.20?z?0.55, x+y+z=1 and 0<k?0.1, wherein the Li content is stoichiometrically controlled with a molar ratio 0.95?Li:M?1.10; wherein A is at least one dopant and comprises Al; wherein the core has an Al content of 0.3-3 mol % and a F content of less than 0.05 mol %; and wherein the surface layer has an Al content that increases continuously from the Al content of the core at the inner interface to at least 10 mol % at the outer interface, and a F content that increases continuously from less than 0.

Abstract: A redox flow battery includes a positive electrolyte tank container which houses a positive electrolyte tank for storing a positive electrolyte; a negative electrolyte tank container which houses a negative electrolyte tank for storing a negative electrolyte; and a battery container which houses a battery cell including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a membrane, a positive electrolyte circulation mechanism configured to supply and circulate the positive electrolyte to the battery cell, and a negative electrolyte circulation mechanism configured to supply and circulate the negative electrolyte to the battery cell.

Abstract: An electrochemical system that can serve as a heat engine or heat pump is disclosed. The electrochemical system comprises a first electrode assembly, a second electrode assembly, a first electrolyte and a second electrolyte. The first electrode assembly, configured to operate at a first temperature, includes a first electrode set and a second electrode set. The second electrode assembly, configured to operate at a second temperature different from the first temperature, includes a first electrode set and a second electrode set. The first electrolyte is configured to circulate between the first electrode set of the first electrode assembly and the first electrode set of the second electrode assembly. The second electrolyte is configured to circulate between the second electrode set of the first electrode assembly and the second electrode set of the second electrode assembly.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a battery, a cathode for a battery, and a method for making a cathode and a battery are provided. The method comprises the steps of at least combining an electrode active material, one or more conductive diluents, a binder and a solvent to form an electrode active mixture having a first solvent to powder weight ratio, reducing a solvent to powder weight ratio to form a paste, feeding the paste into a plastic tube; and calendering the plastic tube. A dry cathode mixture is provided. The dry cathode mixture includes a cathode active material, a conductive diluent and a polymeric binder. A solvent is mixed with the dry mixture to form a slurry. Solvent is removed from the slurry to form a doughy composition. The doughy composition is calender sheeted to form a sheet. The sheet is baked at a temperature of 30° C. to 120° C. for 15 minutes to 6 hours to form a dry sheet. The dry sheet is cut into coupons. The coupons are pressed to form a pressed coupon.

Abstract: A liquid catholyte for a Li—S battery comprises a non-aqueous solution of at least one lithium polysulfide of formula Li2Sx (wherein x is selected from 4, 6, and 8) and an anion receptor compound capable of complexing with polysulfide anion. The non-aqueous solution typically is composed of the Li2Sx and the anion receptor compound dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent (e.g., one or more organic ether or fluorinated ether solvents). The anion receptor compound typically is present in the catholyte at a concentration of about 0.1 M to about 4 M. Li—S batteries comprise a metallic lithium anode; a porous conductive substrate; a separator membrane between the anode and the porous conductive substrate; and the liquid catholyte composition within pores of the substrate.

Abstract: Embodiments of the claimed invention are directed to a device, comprising: an anode that includes a lithiated silicon-based material and a sulfur-based cathode, wherein the anode and the cathode are designed to have mesoporous structures. In certain embodiments, the sulfur-based cathode is a mesoporous carbon structure comprising sulfur within the mesopores. A further embodiment of the invention is directed to a device comprising a semi-liquid lithium-sulfur battery comprising a lithium anode and a sulfur cathode. In certain embodiments, the sulfur cathode comprises a liquid catholyte, which is housed within a reservoir that is a carbon nanotube sponge. An additional embodiment of the invention is directed to a method for producing a lithiated silicon anode and a sulfur-based cathode.

Abstract: A redox flow battery is illustrated and described, having at least one cell frame enclosing a cell interior and having at least one supply line provided outside the cell frame for supplying electrolyte to the cell interior and/or at least one disposal line provided outside the cell frames for removing electrolyte from the cell interior. In order to provide greater degrees of freedom in the design of the cell so as to make available redox flow batteries with improved properties, it is envisaged that the supply line for supplying electrolyte to the cell interior and/or the disposal line for removing electrolyte from the cell interior is in fluid contact with the cell interior via a plurality of separate flow channels in the cell frame.

Abstract: A cell frame includes a bipolar plate in contact with an electrode constituting a battery cell; and a frame body surrounding a periphery of the bipolar plate, wherein the frame body includes a liquid supply manifold through which an electrolyte is supplied into the battery cell, the bipolar plate includes, in a surface facing the electrode, a plurality of main groove portions that are arranged adjacent to one another and through which the electrolyte flows, at least one of the frame body and the bipolar plate includes a supply flow directing portion configured to distribute, in a direction in which the main groove portions are arranged adjacent to one another, the electrolyte supplied through the liquid supply manifold, to supply the electrolyte to each of the main groove portions, and each of widths Wi of electrolyte inlets of the main groove portions, and a width Wr of the supply flow directing portion in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the main groove portions are arranged adjacent to one

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell having a channel-type flow-electrode unit. The channel-type flow-electrode structure according to the present invention, which has at least two channel-type flow-electrode units, can significantly reduce manufacturing costs and installation space by reducing the number of parts while extending the electrode capacity to be suitable for large-scale plants for electricity generation, energy storage, desalination, etc. In addition, the channel-type flow-electrode structure can be applied not only to a capacitive flow-electrode device and/or a redox flow battery device, but also to all of the devices for electricity generation, energy storage, and desalination while moving ions or protons.

Abstract: An improved lead acid battery (LAB) battery may provide high charge acceptance and may be suitable for a wide range of applications, including a variety of new applications. The new battery can sustain 67% of the maximum capacity even at a very high charging rate of IOC. This battery may decrease the use of lead in comparison to prior lead acid battery designs by up to 50%.

Abstract: A REDOX flow battery or fuel battery includes a reactant storing and collecting unit for preventing leakage of a reactant. The battery includes two end plates and a stack that is disposed between the end plates and includes one or more unit cells. The reactant storing and collecting unit for preventing leakage of a reactant is disposed inside or outside the stack. According to the present invention, sealing reliability of the REDOX battery or fuel battery is dramatically improved. In addition, although a reactant or a product leaks from the stack, the reactant or the product may not leak to an outside of the battery but is collected before leaking to the outside. Therefore, the battery according to the present invention has an advantage of easy maintenance.

Abstract: In one example, a system for a flow cell for a flow battery, comprising: a first flow field; and a polymeric frame, comprising: a top face; a bottom face, opposite the top face; a first side; a second side, opposite the first side; a first electrolyte inlet located on the top face and the first side of the polymeric frame; a first electrolyte outlet located on the top face and the second side of the polymeric frame; a first electrolyte inlet flow path located within the polymeric frame and coupled to the first electrolyte inlet; and a first electrolyte outlet flow path located within the polymeric frame and coupled to the first electrolyte outlet. In this way, shunt currents may be minimized by increasing the length and/or reducing the cross-sectional area of the electrolyte inlet and electrolyte outlet flow paths.

Abstract: The Ce—H2 redox flow cell is optimized using commercially-available cell materials. Cell performance is found to be sensitive to the upper charge cutoff voltage, membrane boiling pretreatment, methanesulfonic-acid concentration, (+) electrode surface area and flow pattern, and operating temperature. Performance is relatively insensitive to membrane thickness, Cerium concentration, and all features of the (?) electrode including hydrogen flow. Cell performance appears to be limited by mass transport and kinetics in the cerium (+) electrode. Maximum discharge power of 895 mW cm?2 was observed at 60° C.; an energy efficiency of 90% was achieved at 50° C. The Ce—H2 cell is promising for energy storage assuming one can optimize Ce reaction kinetics and electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention discloses general apparatus and methods for electrochemical energy conversion and storage via a membraneless laminar flow battery. In a preferred embodiment, the battery includes a flow-through porous anode for receiving a fuel and a porous electrolyte channel for transporting an electrolyte adjacent to the porous anode; a flow-through porous cathode is provided for transporting an oxidant; and a porous dispersion blocker is disposed between the electrolyte channel and the porous cathode, which inhibits convective mixing while allowing molecular diffusion and mean flow. Pore structure properties are selected for tuning convective dispersion, conductivity or other macroscopic properties. Specific materials, reactants, fabrication methods, and operation methods are disclosed to achieve stable charge/discharge cycles and to optimize power density and energy density.

Abstract: A fluid pumping system may include an electroosmotic pump; and a separation member provided at least one end of the electroosmotic pump, and configured to separate the fluid and a transfer target fluid. The electroosmotic pump may include: a membrane that allows a fluid to move therethrough; and a first electrode and a second electrode which are respectively provided at two opposite sides of the membrane, and each of which is formed of a porous material or has a porous structure to allow a fluid to move therethrough; each of the first electrode and the second electrode may be made of porous carbon only; and an electrochemical reaction of the first electrode and the second electrode may take place as a cation is moved in a direction whereby a charge balance is established.

Abstract: An energy storage system reaction cell configured for distribution throughout a transport system. The length of the reaction cell is substantially greater than its width and is looped throughout the transport system in a serpentine configuration. A membrane within the reaction cell has a length substantially equal to the length of the reaction cell such that surface area of the membrane is maximized relative to volume of the reaction cell to increase electrical power provided to an electrical load of the transport system.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery includes: a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material layer; a negative electrode; and an electrolyte. The positive electrode active material layer contains Lia(M)b(PO4)c (M=VO or V, 0.9?a?3.3, 0.9?b?2.2, 0.9?c?3.3) as a first positive electrode active material, and additionally contains a fluorine compound of 1 to 300 ppm in terms of fluorine with respect to a weight of the positive electrode active material layer.

Abstract: This invention in general relates to a transparent conductive layer comprising a silver nanowire. This invention further relates to an etching composition suitable for etching a transparent conductive layer comprising a silver nanowire to form a pattern. This invention further relates to a transparent conductive electrode manufactured by etching a transparent conductive film comprising a silver nanowire. The etching composition may comprise an oxidizing agent and a ligand. The oxidizing agent may be a first chemical compound that can react with silver metal to form a silver compound; and the ligand may be a second chemical compound that can react with the silver compound to form a water soluble coordination complex of the silver ion.

Abstract: To provide a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element including a positive electrode including a positive-electrode active material capable of inserting and eliminating anions, a negative electrode including a negative-electrode active material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive-electrode active material includes a carbon material which has a plurality of pores constituting a three-dimensional network structure and has a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) material on a surface of the carbon material.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of methods and systems for hydrogen production using an electro-activated material are provided. In some exemplary embodiments, carbon can be electro-activated and used in a chemical reaction with water and a fuel, such as aluminum, to generate hydrogen. Controlling the temperature of the reaction, and the amounts of water, aluminum and electro-activated carbon can provide hydrogen on demand at a desired rate of hydrogen generation.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery cell has an organic-liquid electrolyte contacting a dendrite free alkali-metal anode. The alkali-metal anode may be a liquid at the operating temperature that is immobilized by absorption into a porous membrane. The alkali-metal anode may be a solid that wets a porous-membrane separator, where the contact between the solid alkali-metal anode and the liquid electrolyte is at micropores or nanopores in the porous-membrane separator. The use of a dendrite-free solid lithium cell was demonstrated in a symmetric cell with a porous cellulose-based separator membrane. A K+-ion rechargeable cell was demonstrated with a liquid K—Na alloy anode immobilized in a porous carbon membrane using an organic-liquid electrolyte with a Celgard® or glass-fiber separator.

Abstract: An electrolytic: solution for electrochemical devices includes: a salt consisting of a bifluoride anion and a cation; a compound containing boron; and an organic solvent.

Abstract: A flow battery includes a cell, a bipolar plate which is in contact with one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode constituting the cell, a current collector plate which has a terminal portion that is led out to the outside of the cell and is electrically connected to the bipolar plate, and a supply/discharge plate which is stacked on the current collector plate and supplies and discharges electrolytes to and from the cell. When the side of the supply/discharge plate facing the current collector plate is regarded as a front surface and the side opposite thereto is regarded as a back surface, the supply/discharge plate has an insertion hole which passes between the front surface and the back surface thereof and into which the terminal portion is inserted, and the terminal portion passes through the insertion hole and extends from the front surface side to the back surface side of the supply/discharge plate to be led out.

Abstract: The present disclosure relate to a method for operating a redox flow battery, which includes the steps of discharging the redox flow battery having an anode electrolyte and a cathode electrolyte when a volume difference between the anode electrolyte and the cathode electrolyte is within 20% of a total volume of the anode electrolyte and the cathode electrolyte, while maintaining an open circuit voltage of lower than 1.3 V/cell, and moving the anode electrolyte and/or the cathode electrolyte so that the volume difference is 2% or less between the anode electrolyte and the cathode electrolyte in the redox flow battery after the discharging.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a redox flow battery, and more particularly, to a redox flow battery which is charged and discharged by supplying a positive electrolyte and a negative electrolyte to a battery cell using an active material containing vanadium and a cation exchange membrane, in which the positive electrolyte and the negative electrolyte contain vanadium ions as active ions, the difference in volume between the positive electrolyte and the negative electrolyte is maintained at 10% or less, and the total concentration of anions in the negative electrolyte is higher than the total concentration of anions in the positive electrolyte, whereby the transfer of water in the battery is controlled and a change in the volume of the electrolytes is minimized.

Abstract: A semi-vanadium(V) redox flow battery (semi-VRFB) including a positive electrolyte tank, a negative electrolyte tank and a cell stack. The positive electrolyte tank is stored with a positive electrolyte of V ions and the negative electrolyte tank is stored with a negative electrolyte of iodine(I)-vitamin C. The cell stack comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an insulating film, a positive electrode plate, and a negative electrode plate. The negative electrode is made of carbon (C) sandwiched with titanium dioxide(TiO2), and can further comprise a metal or an alloy. The insulating film is located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The positive and negative electrode plates are located in front of the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The positive and negative electrolytes flow through the positive and negative electrode plates to charge/discharge power by the electrochemical reactions of V ions and I-vitamin C at the positive and negative electrodes.

Abstract: A redox flow battery is provided having a double-membrane (one cation exchange membrane and one anion exchange membrane), triple-electrolyte (one electrolyte in contact with the negative electrode, one electrolyte in contact with the positive electrode, and one electrolyte positioned between and in contact with the two membranes). The cation exchange membrane is used to separate the negative or positive electrolyte and the middle electrolyte, and the anion exchange membrane is used to separate the middle electrolyte and the positive or negative electrolyte. This design physically isolates, but ionically connects, the negative electrolyte and positive electrolyte. The physical isolation offers great freedom in choosing redox pairs in the negative electrolyte and positive electrolyte, making high voltage of redox flow batteries possible. The ionic conduction drastically reduces the overall ionic crossover between negative electrolyte and positive one, leading to high columbic efficiency.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of 1-alkyl-2-alkyl pyridinium halide (e.g., 1-ethyl-2-methyl pyridinium bromide), 1-alkyl-3-alkyl pyridinium halide (e.g., 1-ethyl-3-methyl pyridinium bromide) or 1-alkyl-3-alkyl imidazolium halide (e.g., 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium bromide) as additives in an electrolyte used in hydrogen/bromine cells, for complexing the elemental bromine formed in such cells. The invention also provides an electrolyte comprising aqueous hydrogen bromide and said additives, and processes for operating an electrochemical flow cell selected from the group consisting of hydrogen/bromine or vanadium/bromine cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to an energy storage module for a device for supplying voltage, in particular, of a motor vehicle, comprising a plurality of in particular prismatic storage cells, which are stacked together at least in one row, are arranged one behind the other and are braced between at least two end plates by means of at least one tie rod or a wrapping, wherein at least one of the end plates comprises a layer structure of at least three layers and/or the tie rod consists of a fiber composite material.

Abstract: This invention is directed to aqueous redox flow batteries comprising ionically charged redox active materials and separators, wherein the separator is about 100 microns or less and the flow battery is capable of (a) operating with a current efficiency of at least 85% with a current density of at least about 100 mA/cm2; (b) operating with a round trip voltage efficiency of at least 60% with a current density of at least about 100 mA/cm2; and/or (c) giving rise to diffusion rates through the separator for the first active material, the second active material, or both, of about 1×10?7 mol/cm2-sec or less.

Abstract: An energy storage system includes a vanadium redox battery that interfaces with a control system to optimize performance and efficiency. The control system calculates optimal pump speeds, electrolyte temperature ranges, and charge and discharge rates. The control system instructs the vanadium redox battery to operate in accordance with the prescribed parameters. The control system further calculates optimal temperature ranges and charge and discharge rates for the vanadium redox battery.

Abstract: Described herein are redox flow batteries comprising a first aqueous electrolyte comprising a first type of redox active material and a second aqueous electrolyte comprising a second type of redox active material. The first type of redox active material may comprise one or more types of quinoxalines, or salts thereof. Methods for storing and releasing energy utilizing the described redox flow batteries are also provided.

Abstract: A fuel cell comprised of a proton conductive electrolyte film sandwiched between a pair of catalyst layers, wherein the catalyst layer of at least the cathode is comprised of a mixture including a catalyst ingredient, an electrolytic material, and a carbon material, the carbon material is comprised of a catalyst-carrying carbon material carrying the catalyst ingredient and a gas-diffusing carbon material not carrying the catalyst ingredient, and the catalyst-carrying carbon material has an amount of adsorption of water vapor at 25° C. and a relative humidity of 90% of 50 ml/g or more.

Abstract: Improved metal-based redox flow batteries (RFBs) can utilize a metal and a divalent cation of the metal (M2+) as an active redox couple for a first electrode and electrolyte, respectively, in a first half-cell. For example, the metal can be Zn. The RFBs can also utilize a second electrolyte having I?, anions of Ix (for x?3), or both in an aqueous solution, wherein the I? and the anions of Ix (for x?3) compose an active redox couple in a second half-cell.

Abstract: The invention provides a metal-air battery in which a metallic electrode can be smoothly inserted into a metal-air battery main body. The metal-air battery of the invention includes at least one cell. The cell includes an electrolytic tank that stores an electrolytic solution, a metallic electrode that is provided in the electrolytic tank and serves as an anode, at least one air electrode that serves as a cathode, an electrode insertion opening through which the metallic electrode is inserted into the electrolytic tank, and a position adjustment section. The position adjustment section is provided to adjust a position of the metallic electrode through contact between the metallic electrode and the position adjustment section during insertion of the metallic electrode into the electrolytic tank.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel cell exhibiting a high performance regardless of the humidification conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of at least one 1-alkyl-3-alkyl-pyridinium halide, in particular 1-alkyl-3-methyl-pyridinium bromide, as an additive in bromine-generating electrochemical cells, such as zinc/bromine cells. Processes for preparing 1-alkyl-3-methyl-pyridinium bromide and concentrated aqueous solutions comprising same for use as additives in the aforementioned cells, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel multi cell stack architecture has specific features allowing deployment of simple electrical instrumentation of data collection/monitoring of crucial hydraulic, electrical and electrochemical quantities, on the basis of which the operator or electronic controller is able to gather/process critical information of such a depth and enhanced reliability, for immediately identifying any cell in “state of sufferance” and eventually to exclude it from the system and possibly substitute it with a spare cell. A method of monitoring/controlling the operation of an all-vanadium redox flow battery system is also disclosed.