Abstract: An electrode assembly including a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate and a separator between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate. The separator includes an extension portion extending to the outside of the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate in a length direction of the electrode assembly. The extension portion is provided with a glue layer including a first bonding portion extending in a width direction of the electrode assembly. The first bonding portion is parallel to the width direction.

Abstract: An electrode assembly includes a first sub-unit body including a plurality of stacked first unit bodies, and a second sub-unit body at a lower portion of the first sub-unit body and including a plurality of stacked first unit bodies and a second unit body at a lower portion of the first unit bodies, and each of the first unit bodies includes: first and second electrode plates of a first electrode separately arranged at a side of a first separator; a second separator on the first and second electrode plates of the first electrode; a first electrode plate of a second electrode arranged to correspond to the first electrode plate of the first electrode, with the first separator therebetween; and a second electrode plate of the second electrode arranged to correspond to the second electrode plate of the first electrode, with the second separator therebetween.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide an electrode assembly including a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate and a separator between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate. The separator includes an extension portion extending to the outside of the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate in a length direction of the electrode assembly. The extension portion is provided with a glue layer including a first bonding portion extending in a width direction of the electrode assembly. The first bonding portion is parallel to the width direction. Embodiments of the present application further provide a battery. The electrode assembly and battery provided in the present application will at least reduce the risk of short circuit of the electrode assembly.

Abstract: A battery module includes a plurality of battery cells aligned along one direction, each of the plurality of battery cells including terminals at first surfaces of the battery cells. A holder is on the first surfaces of the battery cells and has a groove. A frame surrounds side surfaces adjacent to the first surfaces of the battery cells and includes a first bent portion that is at least partially inserted into the groove.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a region spaced a certain distance apart from a hole of a battery case. The region is different in surface roughness from the other regions of the battery case, and thus, a forming error of the hole may be visually detected, so as to decrease a condition setting time for controlling the forming error.

Abstract: In order to solve at least one of the drawbacks that result from a state in which a plurality of secondary batteries are integrated, a battery apparatus having a plurality of flat secondary batteries 70 includes housing 1 with opening 30, and lid 31 capable of opening and closing opening 30 of housing 1, wherein the plurality of secondary batteries 70 are disposed in a vertical orientation in parallel with each other in housing 1 and are capable of being singly inserted into and taken out of housing 1 through opening 30.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery comprises an electrode assembly comprising an anode, a cathode, and a separator, a case for receiving the electrode assembly, and an electrode terminal electrically connected to the electrode assembly and drawn outside the case. The anode and the cathode each comprises an electrode uncoated region exposed past the separator and including a current collector at an edge. The electrode terminal comprises a terminal plate having a first terminal portion adhered to a bottom surface of the current collector and a second terminal portion drawn outside the case, and a combiner installed on the terminal plate to surround and adhere to a side surface and a top surface of the current collector.

Abstract: A thin battery having an electric connector is provided. The electric connector can be used for plugging a mating connector along a first direction or a second direction. Therefore, when a mating connector is provided on mobile electronic equipment, the thin battery according to the present disclosure can be connected to the mobile electronic equipment along the first direction or second direction through the electric connector, thereby supplying power to it. Apart from the electric connector, the thin battery also includes a base plate, a first flange, a second flange, a third flange, a cover plate, at least two positioning blocks, a battery cell, and a circuit board. The cover plate can be bent toward the base plate and be clamped with the base plate. The electric connector is disposed between the base plate and a top sealing area, and is exposed from the opening.

Abstract: A battery pack having a case where connection tabs can be accurately positioned within the case and where welding holes in the case are formed to provide access to a welding rod and to allow heat to escape. Connection tabs are fixed into a lower case, batteries are arranged in the case, and then a welding process is performed to attach electrode tabs of the battery to the connection tabs so that the batteries can be connected together, to an external terminal and to a protection circuit module.

Abstract: A battery temperature sensor may include a substrate and a thin film resistive temperature device (RTD). The substrate can be layered on a battery cell element. The battery cell element can be an anode, a cathode, and a separator between the anode and cathode used in a battery cell. The thin film resistive temperature device (RTD) on the flexible substrate can change resistance with a change in temperature. A battery cell housing can enclose the thin film RTD.

Abstract: A method of forming a secondary battery comprises: positioning an electrode assembly between a first pouch sheet and a second pouch sheet; initially sealing outer portions of the first pouch sheet and of the second pouch sheet on at least one side of the first and second pouch sheets; and additionally sealing outer portions of the first pouch sheet and of the second pouch sheet on the at least one side of the first and second pouch sheets.

Abstract: A battery pack includes terminals (33) and a lock hook (37b). The terminals (33) are fastened onto a circuit board (74) and connected to rechargeable batteries (39). The terminals are exposed externally of a casing (31). The hook (37b) protrudes from a surface of the casing (31), and holds the battery pack on a charger (100). A hook opening window (24) is open in one of the surfaces of the casing. The hook (37b) can protrude from the surface of the casing (31). A drain hole (28) is open in another surface of the casing. A partition rib (25) is arranged between a path and an electronic circuit. The path is separated from the circuit. The path extends inside the casing (31) from the window (24). The circuit is mounted on the board (74). The window (24) communicates with the hole (28) through the path.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a battery cartridge having a plate-shaped battery cell mounted therein, wherein the battery cartridge includes a pair of plate-shaped frames configured to fix opposite sides of the battery cell at the edge thereof in a state in which the sides of the battery cell are open, and each of the frames is provided at the inside thereof, disposed in contact with the edge of the battery cell, with an elastic pressing member configured to press the edge of the battery cell.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: an electrode assembly including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive and negative electrodes and having an expanded portion protruding to the outside of the positive and negative electrodes; a fixing member including a first support contacting a first outer side of the expanded portion, a second support contacting a second outer side, facing the opposite direction of the first outer side, and a joining portion joining the first and second supports; and a terminal electrically connected with the electrode assembly.

Abstract: A battery module includes a battery array and an end plate. The battery array includes at least two battery cells that are stacked, the battery cells including a terminal surface where an electrode and a vent are exposed and an opposite bottom side. The end plate is disposed at the terminal surface of the stacked battery cells and includes an electrode hole through which the electrode is exposed. a first coupling unit including an alignment protrusion is disposed on one side of the end plate, and a second coupling unit including an accommodation unit is disposed on an opposite side of the end plate. The accommodation unit of the second coupling unit is configured to be coupled with an alignment protrusion of a first coupling unit of an end plate of an adjacent battery module.

Abstract: A battery module includes a plurality of battery cells stacked together; first and second end plates located at a first end and a second end, respectively, of the stacked battery cells; and side plates and a bottom plate coupled to the first and second end plates, wherein at least one of the first end plate and the second end plate has a bent support portion that overlaps with at least a portion of the bottom plate.

Abstract: A battery pack comprises a battery module disposed inside a case, the battery module including a plurality of battery units, each including first and second lead tabs which protrude outside of each battery unit and which have bent portions. An insulation plate includes a plurality of ribs, wherein the bent portions of the lead tabs extend over the ribs, and a plurality of bus bars are disposed over the lead tabs and electrically connect the battery units serially with each other, the bus bars being fixed to the ribs.

Abstract: A holding mechanism for holding a battery includes a retaining member, a resisting member ant at least two limiting members. The retaining member limits the battery from movement in a first direction. The resisting member corresponds to the retaining member and engages with the retaining member to cooperatively support and limit the battery from movement in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The at least two limiting members are arranged at opposite sides of the retaining member and are used for limiting the battery from movement in a third direction. The third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction. An electronic device using the holding mechanism is also provided.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes a bare cell having an electrode terminal and a cap plate, and a protective circuit module protecting the bare cell. The protective circuit module includes a first module positioned on an upper surface of the bare cell, a second module positioned on a lower surface of the bare cell and having a charge/discharge terminal, and a third module positioned on a side surface of the bare cell and electrically connecting the first module to the second module.

Abstract: A battery cell including an electrode assembly, a pouch accommodating the electrode assembly, a electrode lead connected to the electrode assembly and extending to an external portion of the pouch, a slit portion that the electrode lead pass through and an insulator covering at least a portion of the pouch and the electrode lead.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a battery stack arrangement (50) comprising at least one bipolar battery. Each bipolar battery comprises a plurality of battery cell arranged between endplates (22,23). Each battery cell is provided with a seal (24) arranged around the entire periphery of each cell, and a sealing pressure Fseal is applied over the seal to prevent electrolyte leakage between adjacent cells. The battery stack arrangement further comprises a mounting frame (57) including: at least two mounting units (58,59) and at least one tie unit (60, 60?, 60?) holding said mounting units together. The bipolar battery is arranged between the mounting units (58,59), and the battery stack arrangement further comprises at least one spacing element (61) arranged between the mounting units (58,59) and each spacing element (61) abuts against at least one endplate (22,23) and is held in place by said mounting frame (57) to create a stack pressure Fstack, independent of the sealing pressure Fseal.

Abstract: An electricity storage system comprises a plurality of battery cells in which battery elements are accommodated in angular metal battery cases, wherein the plurality of battery cells are connected together electrically and are disposed in such a manner as to form spaces between the metal battery cells, and wherein the metal battery cell comprises an angular metallic housing on an external surface of which irregularities are formed and a resin portion which is injection molded integrally on the external surface of the metallic housing.

Abstract: A battery provided by the present invention includes a sealing plate (20) for closing an opening portion in a case for housing an electrode body unit. A fitting convex portion (24) that intrudes into the case opening portion when the sealing plate is attached to a predetermined position of the case opening portion is formed on a rear surface side of the sealing plate. The sealing plate is subjected to thickness increasing molding in a pressing process such that at least a part (27A) of an outer peripheral part (25, 27) of the fitting convex portion that contacts a peripheral edge of the case opening portion is thicker than an inner part (28) of the fitting convex portion that does not contact the peripheral edge of the case opening portion.

Abstract: Provided is a battery which can reduce expansion caused by gas emission when stored at high temperature. A secondary battery (1) is constructed such that a flat wound electrode (20) as a power generating element is sandwiched between exterior members (30a, 30b), having adhesion layers (40a, 40b) interposed therebetween. The adhesion layers (40a, 40b) are, for example, two-sided adhesive tapes and have a structure such that adhesive layers are formed on both surfaces of a thin plate-shaped support layer. The support layer is preferably made of polypropylene or polyimide. The adhesion layers (40a, 40b) are composed of maleated polypropylene whose melting point is preferably in a range from 100° C. to 200° C., more preferably, in a range from 140° C. to 180° C.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes an electrode assembly having a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate and a separator interposed therebetween. A pouch case includes an accommodating portion for accommodating the electrode assembly and a cover portion for sealing the accommodating portion. A reinforcing member is formed between the pouch case and the electrode assembly. In the secondary battery, the reinforcing member includes a first frame formed along one surface of the pouch case, which comes in contact with the electrode assembly, a support portion formed in form of a plate while being spaced apart from the first frame, and a second frame to connect the first frame and the support portion to each other.

Abstract: A secondary battery module includes a row of cells arranged with a gap therebetween, a lid covering one side of the cell row, inner ribs formed on the inner surface of the lid and each determining the gap between the adjacent cells, an outer rim extending along the outer periphery of the lid and cooperating with the corresponding inner ribs to hold the cells located at the opposite ends of the cell row, and a plurality of busbars used to electrically connect the cells in series. The cells and the lid are mechanically connected together by means of the busbars.

Abstract: An energy storage cell having a flexible envelope, which cell is attached flat to a heat-conducting plate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a battery cell including an electrode assembly of a cathode/separator/anode structure mounted in a receiving part of a battery case (cell case). The cell case is provided, at a predetermined region of the cell case corresponding to the upper end interface of the electrode assembly while the electrode assembly is mounted in the receiving part, with a small groove for pressing against the upper end of the electrode assembly to prevent the upward movement of the electrode assembly. The small groove is continuously formed in parallel with the upper end of the electrode assembly.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a plurality of secondary batteries fixed in a frame to be enclosed by an outer frame. The battery pack includes at least first and second battery cells having an electrode terminal and a frame surrounding a periphery of the first and second battery cells. The frame has at least one opening corresponding to the electrode terminal of the first and second battery cells.

Abstract: An electrode assembly of a secondary battery includes an electrode group including a first electrode plate, a separator, and a second electrode plate that are stacked and wound, and a finishing tape attached to a predetermined region of a terminal portion of the electrode group. The finishing tape satisfies the equation Y1=tensile strength×thickness of finishing tape/modulus of elasticity, with Y1 ranging from 64 to 89. Alternatively, the finishing tape includes a film layer and an adhesive layer, and satisfies the equation Y2=tensile strength×thickness of film layer of finishing tape/modulus of elasticity, with Y2 ranging from 51 to 75. The finishing tape effectively prevents an increase in the thickness of a high-capacity secondary battery.

Abstract: An integral cap assembly comprising a top cap mounted as a base plate to an opening of a battery can and a cap subassembly including a protective circuit module and the like integrally mounted on the top cap, a method for manufacturing a secondary battery comprising the same, and a secondary battery manufactured thereby are disclosed. The cap assembly is provided as an integral member comprising the top cap acting as the base plate, and the cap subassembly having the protective circuit module provided thereon, thereby simplifying a manufacturing process of the battery while minimizing frequency of defective products. Additionally, the integral cap assembly is manufactured through insert injection molding, thereby providing notable advantages over the conventional technology.

Abstract: A battery assembly includes a first cell and a second cell adjacent the first cell. A first insulator and a second insulator extend over and encapsulate first electrode and second electrode. A shell extends over the first and second insulators thereby encapsulating the first and second insulators. A mechanical connection is defined between the first insulator of the fist cell and the second insulator of the second cell.

Abstract: A pouch-type secondary battery including: an electrode assembly comprising a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate and a separator; a negative electrode tab electrically connected to the negative electrode plate and having a first tab tape; and a positive electrode tab electrically connected to the positive electrode plate and having a second tab tape wherein one or two of end portions which the positive electrode tab crosses are located inside a sealing portion.

Abstract: A safety mechanism for a laminate battery. An exterior case (5) consists of two molded sheets (5a) made of laminate sheets, superposed upon one another, and bonded together around the outer edges. The exterior case has a protrusion (10) that communicates with the interior of the exterior case and protrudes outwardly from one side. A safety vent (13) is made up of an exhaust hole (11) formed in at lease one of the two molded sheets (5a) in the protrusion (10), and a valve element (12) making elastic pressure contact with the edge of the exhaust hole (11) to seal it. The safety mechanism does not operate within the range of internal pressure variation during normal use, but operates reliably at a time point when a predetermined valve operating pressure is reached to release a necessary amount of gas to the outside, this valve operating pressure being within the safe range relative to the pressure resistance of the exterior case (5) made of laminate sheets.

Abstract: A process for recovering metals such as Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Zn, among others, through precipitation as sulphides, enabling recovery of magnesium in the form of hydroxide, carbonate and oxide and providing recovery of sulphate as gypsum and ammonium sulphate. Liquid phase, after full treatment, comprises recovered water with a quality proper for total reuse in industrial process. This process of liquid and solid effluent treatment is provided with flexibility to process several types of effluents presenting wide variations in their chemical composition.

Abstract: A first row of batteries and a second row of batteries both consisting of the same number of cylindrical batteries (2) arranged in parallel are held at both axial ends using holder frames (3). The holder frame (3) is formed as a rectangular parallelepiped by detachably coupling together an inner frame (4) and two outer frames (7, 8). On both lateral sides of the inner frame (4) and on the sides of the two outer frames (7, 8) opposite the inner frame (4) are provided the same number of holding parts (4a, 7b, 8b) as the rows of batteries, the holding parts being semi-circular cut-outs in which halves of the cylindrical batteries (2) can fit. Each two adjacent cylindrical batteries (2) are electrically interconnected via inter-battery connection plates (9).

Abstract: An integral cap assembly comprising a top cap mounted as a base plate to an opening of a battery can and a cap subassembly including a protective circuit module and the like integrally mounted on the top cap, a method for manufacturing a secondary battery comprising the same, and a secondary battery manufactured thereby are disclosed. The cap assembly is provided as an integral member comprising the top cap acting as the base plate, and the cap subassembly having the protective circuit module provided thereon, thereby simplifying a manufacturing process of the battery while minimizing frequency of defective products. Additionally, the integral cap assembly is manufactured through insert injection molding, thereby providing notable advantages over the conventional technology.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a battery pack including: a plurality of cylindrical battery cells arranged in a plurality of rows and a plurality of layers; and a partition member for partitioning the battery cells; wherein each the battery cell is larger in diametral size on the positive electrode terminal side than on the negative electrode terminal side; the partition member includes a partition plate, and ribs formed in corners formed between the partition plate and support plates provided to be substantially orthogonal to the partition plate at substantially regular intervals, the ribs being operative to support the battery cells; and the ribs are formed correspondingly to the shape of the battery cell.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a stacking type electrode assembly constructed in a cathode/separator/anode structure, wherein the electrode assembly is provided at a predetermined region thereof with at least one through-hole, and a pair of holding members (a male coupling member and a female coupling member) constructed in a male-female coupling type structure is inserted through the through-hole inside a battery case, an outer surface of the female coupling member being brought into tight contact with the through-hole when the male coupling member is inserted into the female coupling member while the female coupling member having an outer diameter less than an inner diameter of the through-hole is inserted through the through-hole, and a secondary battery including the same.

Abstract: A flat secondary battery having a fusion-bonded sealing type laminate film as an armored body tends to be inferior in sealing reliability to a flat secondary battery having a welded sealing type can as an armored body, due to a difference in sealing method between the two batteries. Therefore, there has been a large challenge of finding the way to make the sealing reliability of the laminate film secondary battery closer to that of the can type secondary battery. The sealing reliability is improved by further increasing a sealing force without taking any measure to the existing laminate film secondary battery, in such a manner that the fusion bonding area of the existing laminate film secondary battery is sandwiched from upside and downside to be cramped from outside so as to mechanically add a sealing force from outside to the sealing force of the laminate film itself.

Abstract: An integral cap assembly comprising a top cap mounted as a base plate to an opening of a battery can and a cap subassembly including a protective circuit module and the like integrally mounted on the top cap, a method for manufacturing a secondary battery comprising the same, and a secondary battery manufactured thereby are disclosed. The cap assembly is provided as an integral member comprising the top cap acting as the base plate, and the cap subassembly having the protective circuit module provided thereon, thereby simplifying a manufacturing process of the battery while minimizing frequency of defective products. Additionally, the integral cap assembly is manufactured through insert injection molding, thereby providing notable advantages over the conventional technology.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochemical device comprising two types of separators having different energy to break, wherein the outermost electrode layer of the electrode assembly includes an active material non-coated cathode, an active material non-coated anode, and a separator (second separator) disposed between the cathode and anode and having relatively low energy to break compared to that of separators (first separator) in other electrode layers. Therefore, it is possible to remarkably improve safety of the battery by inducing primary short-circuiting in the outermost electrode layer of a battery, thus facilitating heat dissipation of the battery, upon application of external impact.

Abstract: Batteries are disclosed that include a plurality of cooling plates, a plurality of cells disposed between adjacent cooling plates, a plurality of insulating sheets disposed between adjacent cells, a plurality of bus bars interconnecting the plurality of cells, an inner casing surrounding the plurality of cooling plates, the plurality of cells, the plurality of insulating sheets, and the plurality of bus bars, an outer casing surrounding the inner casing so as to form a gap therebetween, a layer of insulating material disposed inside at least a portion of the gap, and several other structural features in different embodiments of the invention configured to prevent motion of the cells relative to one another.

Abstract: A combined thin battery structure comprises a metallic first plate, a plastic frame, a battery module, and a metallic second plate. The first plate has a plurality of jointing slices and first contacting slices formed upwardly from peripheral edges thereof. The frame has a plurality of jointing grooves and fitting grooves formed from peripheral edges thereof. The jointing slices respectively insert into the jointing grooves. The battery module is fixed in the frame. The second plate has a plurality of fitting slices and second contacting slices formed downwardly from peripheral edges thereof. The fitting slices insert into the fitting grooves. Each of the second contacting slices extends to form a flexible arm. Each of the flexible arms has a contacting surface. The contacting surfaces of the flexible arms contact the first contacting slice via surface contact method thus the first plate electrically contacts the second plate to enhance EMI efficiency.

Abstract: Secondary battery structure 100 has secondary batteries 110 equipped with metallic battery cases 111 , temperature detectors 120 for detecting temperature of the secondary batteries 110 , and supporting members 130 for supporting the temperature detectors 120 . Each of the temperature detectors 120 has a detector body 121 which detects surface temperature of the battery case 111 by contacting with a bottom surface 111c (temperature-detected surface) on the battery case 111, and a fixing portion 122 which engages with the supporting member 130 and fixes the temperature detector 120 to the secondary battery 110 while keeping the detector body 121 contact with the bottom surface 111c on the battery case 111.

Abstract: A pocketed electrode plate for use in a ultra-slim lithium ion secondary battery, its manufacturing method and a lithium ion secondary battery using the same. The pocketed electrode plate comprises an electrode plate which has a coating layer of an electrode active material and a non-coated projection portion. The electrode active material can reversibly insert and extract lithium ions. The electrode plates further includes separating membranes which cover both sides of the electrode plate while exposing only the non-coated projection portion, and an insulating polymer having an adhesive component on both surfaces thereof. The insulating polymer film is placed adjacent to edges of the electrode plate but does not cover any portion of the electrode surface. The insulating polymer film is thermally bonded onto two separating membranes. A plurality of pocketed electrode plates may be produced by using a pressing roll.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode unit for rechargeable electrochemical cells, e.g. accumulator cells, whose energy storage properties are drawn from the deposition of an element such as metal or an alloy. The electrode unit has an electrode (2) and a porous separator (5a) nearly completely surrounding said electrode, wherein an electrically insulating spacer (3) covering at least one face of the electrode is disposed between the electrode and the separator. The spacer according to the invention makes it possible to provide the necessary space for the metal or alloy deposited on the electrode, particularly during charging of the accumulator cell. The mechanical pressure as a result of changes in the volume of the electrode due to the deposited metal or alloy are intercepted, thereby reliably preventing short circuits.

Abstract: A protective drainage wrap comprises a first portion, a second portion and a solid sheet portion. The first portion comprises cross-woven or cross-laminate material in the machine direction and in the transverse direction. The material in the machine direction comprises a polyolefin, polyester, nylon or combinations thereof and has a first thickness. The material in the transverse direction comprises a polyolefin, polyester, nylon or combinations thereof and has a second thickness. The second thickness is at least about 2 times greater than the first thickness so as to assist in providing drainage for moisture build-up. The second portion is a coating comprising a polyolefin, polyester, nylon or combinations thereof The first and second portions are located adjacent to each other. The solid sheet portion comprises a polyolefin, polyester, nylon or combinations thereof The solid sheet portion is attached to at least one of the first portion and the second portion.

Abstract: Battery with a flexible laminate casing includes a means for fixing the electrode assembly (2) within the casing (1, 18). The fixing means may be a frame (19, 33, 38, 50, 54) attached to the periphery of the electrode assembly, or an insulating spacer (59, 69, 70, 77, 78) encased within the casing together with the electrode assembly such as to fill a space between one end of the electrode assembly and the casing. Alternatively, the fixing means may be constructed of a material with which the casing and the electrode assembly are joined together by applying heat and pressure, or may be an abutting surface (87h) provided to the casing (87) itself such as to make contact with one end face of the electrode assembly within the casing.

Abstract: An environmentally responsible and non-toxic alkaline cell, both catalytically and electrically rechargable, consisting of one or more iron anodes, as well as a zinc cathode, all immersed in an aquaous solution of potassium hydroxide in a plastic container. The cathodic material is cast zinc and is preferably wrapped in a special sheet of studded rubber provided with either a semi-perforated edge or a specially serrated edge on both sides to permit ionic communication between anodes and cathode. This rubber sheet should also be equipped with diagonal grooves on at least one side of the material. The anodes consist of thin, mild steel stampings, made to a special pattern, and are preferably blued to resist rust. The tips of these anodes are then coated with a paste prepared from one part 100 mesh iron powder to one part 100 mesh activated carbon powder. To form the paste, the powders are first thoroughly mixed dry and then properly wetted with distilled water.