Abstract: A glass article layer is provided that includes at least two cylindrical glass articles arranged side by side in an x-direction and extending in a z-direction. Spacers are arranged between the cylindrical glass articles. The spacers are provided at least at two spaced apart spacer positions in the z-direction longitudinally of the cylindrical glass article. The spacers are thread-like elements and at least one thread-like element is provided at each position.

Abstract: An alkaline electrochemical cell includes a cathode, an anode which includes an anode active material, and a non-conductive separator disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein from about 20% to about 50% by weight of the anode active material relative to a total amount of anode active material has a particle size of less than about 75 ?m, and wherein the separator includes a unitary, cylindrical configuration having an open end, a side wall, and integrally formed closed end disposed distally to the open end.

Abstract: A glass article layer is provided that includes at least two cylindrical glass articles extending in a z-direction and arranged side by side in an x-direction. Two spacers are provided spaced apart from one another at an interval longitudinally of the glass article in the z-direction. The spacers are arranged between the glass articles. The spacers are thread-like elements and at least one of the thread-like elements is provided at each spacer position.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing golf balls having a core and a cover of at least one layer encasing the core includes the steps of producing a core by molding and vulcanizing a rubber composition containing (A) a base rubber, (B) an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or a metal salt thereof, and (C) an organic peroxide; and heat-treating the core for 1 to 24 hours at between 175 and 300° C. Golf balls which undergo little energy loss and have a high initial velocity can be obtained by this method.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a light emitting element having a pad electrode, and a metal member connected to the pad electrode via a wire. The wire has a layered structure including at least a core material containing copper as a main component, an intermediate layer containing palladium as a main component, and a surface layer containing silver as a main component. The intermediate layer is arranged between the core material and the surface layer.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method of drying electrode assembly of lithium-ion battery, comprising the steps of vacuum drying the electrode assembly in an oven at elevated temperature; filling the oven with hot, dry air or inert gas; repeating the steps of vacuum drying and gas filling 2 or more times. The method disclosed herein can provide the electrode assembly having a water content of less than 20 ppm.

Abstract: An electrical cell and method for generating electrical power are disclosed for producing electrical energy from a gas such as hydrogen and isotopes thereof. The electrical cell comprises an ionizing material located within an interior volume of a housing for absorbing the gas and separating ions and electrons. An electron collector receives electrons generated by the ionizing material. An insulator material within the housing inhibits electrons from entering into an ion collector while allowing the gas and the ions to pass to the ion collector for generating electrical voltage between the electron collector and the ion collector.

Abstract: An insulation portion for an electrochemical cell having a plurality of slots into which bent electrode tabs are slid through during an assembly process of an electrochemical cell. A latch is disposed adjacent the slots and is movable from a resting position to a biased position to engage the electrode tabs. Attachment of the insulation portion to the electrochemical cell and bending of the electrode tabs can be robotically performed, such that controllers of an attachment device and bending device are in communication with each other.

Abstract: A prismatic battery includes an electrode assembly including: a positive electrode including a belt-shaped positive electrode core member and a positive electrode active material layer formed on both surfaces thereof; a negative electrode including a belt-shaped negative electrode core member and a negative electrode active material layer formed on both surfaces thereof; and a belt-shaped separator. The electrode assembly is formed by winding the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator in the longitudinal directions thereof. The negative electrode has, in an end portion thereof from which winding is started, a one-sided active material layer portion in which the negative electrode active material layer is provided only on one surface of the negative core member. The one-sided active material layer portion terminates at a predetermined position between positions at which the negative electrode is folded for the second time and for the third time.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved industrial apparatus for the large-scale storage of energy and a process for storing and transporting electric energy by means of this apparatus.

Abstract: An electrode for a power storing apparatus has a collector and a plurality of electrode patterns formed on at least one surface of the collector. An electrode pattern in a region where heat is radiated less than in other region, from among the plurality of electrode patterns, has a lower formation density than an electrode pattern in the other region.

Abstract: A battery includes a housing, an anode and a cathode within the housing, the anode having a first portion and a second portion adjacent to each other, a current collector at least partially disposed in the anode, a separator between the anode and the cathode, and an anode portion separator at least partially disposed in the anode and between the first and second portions of the anode.

Abstract: A battery assembly having batteries connected in series to form rows and columns of battery cells into packs that combine the energy of multiple batteries. The battery cells are joined together to form columns of cells connected mechanically together by an exterior connection sleeve, and mechanically and electrically connected together by a conductive epoxy joining the end of one cell to the end of an adjacent cell in series. The columns of cells are mounted and held in place by racks, with bolts passing through the racks to form a sandwich structure that secures the position and orientation of the cells and columns, and that maintains the electrical connection between joined cells. Perpendicularly disposed to the direction of the columns are a series of conductive bands that join adjacent cells together along rows of cells.

Abstract: A nickel-metal hydride (hydrogen) hybrid storage battery comprising a positive electrode containing nickel hydroxide, a combination negative electrode containing a hydrogen storage alloy electrode and a reversible hydrogen electrode, an alkaline electrolyte, and an alkali conducting separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The alkali conducting separator may be a substantially non-porous ion conducting material wherein the alkali conducted is Na, K, or Li. A method of charging and discharging such a hybrid battery is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an all-solid-state battery capable of improving output power. The all-solid-state battery includes a wound solid electrolyte/electrode assembly and a case housing the solid electrolyte/electrode assembly with a pressurized fluid being filled between the inner periphery surface of the case and the solid electrolyte/electrode assembly.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a lithium ion battery comprising an electrode core, an electrolyte solution, a metal shell and an end cover assembly, said metal shell comprising an outer wall, an inner wall and a chamber, said electrode core and electrolyte solution being located in the chamber of the metal shell, and said electrode core being connected to the end cover assembly with a electrode terminal of the electrode core, wherein the number of said electrode core is more than one, and the multiple electrode cores are located in the chamber of the metal shell. The lithium ion battery according to the present invention possesses excellent disperse heat dispersion, high mechanical safety, and good high rate discharge performance.

Abstract: A process for recovering metals such as Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Zn, among others, through precipitation as sulphides, enabling recovery of magnesium in the form of hydroxide, carbonate and oxide and providing recovery of sulphate as gypsum and ammonium sulphate. Liquid phase, after full treatment, comprises recovered water with a quality proper for total reuse in industrial process. This process of liquid and solid effluent treatment is provided with flexibility to process several types of effluents presenting wide variations in their chemical composition.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a tube plate for an electrode, preferably a positive electrode, of a lead acid battery, wherein the tube plate (2) has an upper frame (3) and a plurality of lead or lead alloy cores (1) extending substantially parallel from the upper frame (3). To provide a tube plate for an electrode of a lead acid battery, with which a lower current density and shorter current paths or diffusion paths for reducing the electrical resistance in comparison with tube plates in accordance with the state of the art are achieved, with the same use of material, it is proposed according to the invention that in the cross-section relative to their longitudinal extent the cores (1) have a surface profile with at least three convex portions (11) and at least three concave portions (12), wherein convex and concave portions (11, 12) alternate in the course of the surface profile.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes an electrode group 5 formed by winding a positive electrode plate 1 and a negative electrode plate 2 with a separator 3 interposed therebetween. Each of the positive and negative electrode plates 1 and 2 includes a current collector 1 and mixture layers 8 and 9 each containing an active material and formed on the surface of the current collector 1. A plurality of trenches 30 are formed in the surfaces of the mixture layers 8 and 9 of at least one of the positive electrode plate 1 and the negative electrode plate 2. The trenches 30 have curvature portions at side edges 30b and bottom centers 30a thereof.

Abstract: An electrode assembly for a rechargeable battery resists external impacts applied to the rechargeable battery, and includes a sealing tape attached to an outer circumference of the rechargeable battery, which extends toward an upper part and a lower part to prevent the electrode assembly from unfastening, and a top insulating plate and a bottom insulating plate may be attached to the extended portion of the sealing tape. A shock resistant electrode assembly for a rechargeable battery has an insulating plate attached thereto by an extended portion of a sealing tape, thereby preventing the electrode assembly from moving in a battery housing when an external impact is applied.

Abstract: An alkaline electrochemical cell capable of providing optimum discharge efficiencies at both a high tech drain rate and a low drain rate is disclosed. In one embodiment, the ratio of the anode's electrochemical capacity to the cathode's electrochemical capacity is between 1.33:1 and 1.40:1 and the surface area of the anode to cathode interface is maximized.

Abstract: A method includes the steps of: with the use of a winding core having a first member wherein its cross sectional-area in the direction orthogonal to the revolving axis and the peripheral length of the cross section are larger than those of a second member, passing a strip-shaped separator between the first member and the second member, placing one strip-shaped electrode plate near the second member such that the plate is not in contact with the winding core, and winding for one revolution the one electrode plate and the strip-shaped separator toward the first member; placing another strip-shaped electrode plate between the inner and outer portions of the separator that have been revolved along with the one electrode, winding both electrodes along with the separator toward the first member by revolving the winding core; removing the winding core and pressure-molding the resulting wound article into a flat wound electrode assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite system comprising an electrode and a membrane, which can be used as a fuel cell element or an ion-exchange membrane.

Abstract: Combined boards are taught that comprise a second board substrate (12) having a through bore (14) formed therein, a first board substrate (10), and a connector pin (40, 50) received in the through bore (14) of the second board substrate (12). The first and second board substrates overlap such that the through bore (14) of the second board substrate (12) is covered by a first surface (10b) of the first board substrate (10). The connector pin is fusion bonded to a circumferential surface of the through bore (14) and the first surface (10b) of the first board substrate (10).

Abstract: A fibrous microcell structure comprising: (1) an inner electrode, (2) a hollow fibrous membrane separator in contact with the inner electrode, (3) an electrolyte embedded in the hollow fibrous membrane separator, and (4) an outer electrode, wherein at least one of the inner and outer electrodes comprises a metal clad composite having two or more metal layers bonded together by solid-phase bonding. Preferably, such fibrous microcell structure is a fuel cell that comprises inner current collector, an inner catalyst layer, a hollow fibrous membrane separator in contact with the inner catalyst layer and the inner current collector, an electrolyte embedded in the hollow fibrous membrane separator, an outer catalyst layer, and an outer current collector.

Abstract: The center pin 20 is cylindrical and tube-shaped, and each of the planes formed by the external surface of the center pin 20 in the vicinity of the edges 22a and 22b of the slit 21 is angled toward the inside of the center pin 20. The edges 22a and 22b are therefore arranged to be more inward than the imaginary circumference that complements the gap from the slit 21 of the center pin 20, and consequently, the edges 22a and 22b have less possibility of contacting and damaging the spiral-wound electrode assembly 10 in the event an external force deforms the center pin 20. Further, the planes formed by the external surface of the center pin 20 in the vicinal areas 23a and 23b of the edges 22a and 22b are angled so as to form an angle of no greater than 120 degrees.

Abstract: In the process of manufacturing a cylindrical battery, when a tubular separator (3) and bottom separator (5) are inserted into a battery casing (1) in which are accommodated positive electrode mixture pellets (2), by inserting the bottom separator (5) such that it is pushed into the battery casing (1) at the leading end of the tubular separator (3), the peripheral portion of the bottom separator (5) is raised up, so that both separators (3,5) are inserted into the battery casing (1) in a condition with the leading end of the tubular separator (3) surrounded from the outside by this peripheral raised-up portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microbattery made of bioelectroactive components based on biomimetic processes. Bio-derived electron donors and electron acceptors are separately encapsulated in at least one pair of polymerized phospholipid vesicles. Embedded within the vesicle walls are lipophilic electron mediators that facilitate the transfer of electrons across the vesicle walls. Each pair of vesicles is immobilized on a conducting surface. The pair of vesicles are isolated from each other to create a galvanic cell, in which electrons flow from high to low electrochemical potential. A high energy density battery can be achieved if the vesicles are immobilized on highly porous conducting substrates.

Abstract: A fibrous microcell structure comprising: (1) an inner electrode, (2) a hollow fibrous membrane separator in contact with the inner electrode, (3) an electrolyte embedded in the hollow fibrous membrane separator, and (4) an outer electrode, wherein at least one of the inner and outer electrodes comprises a metal clad composite having two or more metal layers bonded together by solid-phase bonding. Preferably, such fibrous microcell structure is a fuel cell that comprises inner current collector, an inner catalyst layer, a hollow fibrous membrane separator in contact with the inner catalyst layer and the inner current collector, an electrolyte embedded in the hollow fibrous membrane separator, an outer catalyst layer, and an outer current collector.

Abstract: In the process of manufacturing a cylindrical battery, when a tubular separator (3) and bottom separator (5) are inserted into a battery casing (1) in which are accommodated positive electrode mixture pellets (2), by inserting the bottom separator (5) such that it is pushed into the battery casing (1) at the leading end of the tubular separator (3), the peripheral portion of the bottom separator (5) is raised up, so that both separators (3,5) are inserted into the battery casing (1) in a condition with the leading end of the tubular separator (3) surrounded from the outside by this peripheral raised-up portion.

Abstract: A sealed lead-acid battery includes a separator made from hydrophilic treated sheet made from synthetic fiber wraps at least either one of positive electrode and negative electrode, and a mat type separator made from fine glass fiber is disposed between the wrapped electrode and its opposite electrode. This structure is adopted in a battery which uses a paste type electrode where an expanded grid having no outer frame on both edges is used, thereby prolonging cycle life even after cycling of charge and deep discharge.

Abstract: Corrosion management componentry for use in fibrous electrochemical systems for generation/conversion of energy. Fibrous structures are provided for enhanced resistance to oxidative degradation of microcell-based high voltage, high power density fuel cell and battery systems.

Abstract: Microcell structures and assemblies utilized for electrochemical generation/conversion of energy, in which high voltage, high power density outputs are produced for applications such as fuel cell and battery systems, with high efficiency extraction of heat produced in electrochemical reaction. The superior efficacy of thermal management achieved by the invention permits highly compact, small footprint electrochemical cells to be usefully employed in a variety of vehicular, consumer and industrial applications.

Abstract: Fabrication process for manufacture of microcell structures and assemblies, in which a microcell precursor is contacted with one or more of electrolytes, electrocatalysts, electrocatalyst reducing agents, and hydrophicity-imparting materials. The process may derive the precursor from a high rate extrusion process in which the electrocatalyst is impregnated, coated or extruded on a fibrous substrate to form an electrode. The process of the invention permits the high volume production of fibrous microcell elements for correlative high volume production of highly compact, small footprint electrochemical cells useful for a variety of vehicular, consumer and industrial applications.

Abstract: A microcell assembly wherein water is generated by electrochemical reaction and sorptive channeling elements are provided in the assembly to remove excess water from the locus of electrochemical reaction. The water management techniques of the invention enhance electrochemical generation/conversion of energy, and facilitate high voltage, high power density outputs for applications such as fuel cell and battery systems.

Abstract: Series-connected microcell structures and assemblies are efficiently utilized for electrochemical generation/conversion of energy. The microcell structures of the invention are readily constructed from discrete fibrous microcell elements that are fabricated in sheet form and assembled into layered, sub-bundled and bundled conformations that produce high voltage, high power density outputs in applications such as fuel cell and battery systems.

Abstract: A cup-shaped separator and method of assembly for an electrochemical cell for separating a positive electrode from a negative electrode. The separator comprises a sheet of non-conductive separator material have a bottom section and a side wall section. The separator sheet has a plurality of tabs formed in the bottom section. The separator sheet is rolled and the plurality of tabs are folded inward to form a closed bottom surface of the cup-shaped separator.

Abstract: A cylindrical electrochemical cell includes a cathode, an anode, a cylindrical separator, coaxial with the cell, for electrically separating the cathode and anode, and a cup seal at an end of the separator for electrically separating the anode and cathode and maintaining an ionic connection therebetween. The cup seal is comprised of one or more first layers of a micro-porous or a non-porous membrane, or a combination thereof, and one or more second layers of a porous membrane and wherein the seal overlaps at least a portion of the separator.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell and method for achieving increased anode-to-cathode interface area to realize enhanced service performance are disclosed. A first electrode, such as a cathode, is provided in a container and a cavity is formed in the first electrode. A tubular separator is disposed within the cavity by inserting a conductive plate against the separator to form first and second separator compartments. The conductive plate is preferably coated with active first electrode material, such as manganese dioxide, and the plate is interference fit within the cavity. A second electrode, such as an anode, is disposed within each of the first and second separator compartments. A collector is assembled in contact with the anode and a cover and seal assembly is assembled to the top of the container.

Abstract: A battery construction and a method of producing the construction. The construction comprises a ceramic separator having a honeycomb structure in which cells run lengthwise of the honeycomb and are separated by porous walls, and internal positive and negative electrodes positioned in part at least within the honeycomb structure.

Abstract: A tubular, rigid, porous, ceramic separator for a rechargeable, deep-discharge battery assembly, the separator having a porosity greater than 40%. A plurality of battery cells, each embodying such separators, are assembled with a common terminal to form the positive electrode in a motive traction battery.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes a first active electrode material having a tubular shape closed at one end and open at the other, a second active electrode material disposed within the cavity of the tubular shaped first active electrode material, a scrolled separator disposed between the sidewalls of the cavity and the second active electrode material, and an insulator disc disposed between the closed end of the cavity and the second active electrode material. The scrolled separator and insulator disc cooperate to provide a liner which provides a continuous electrical and physical barrier between the cavity walls and the second active electrode material disposed within the cavity. The cell utilizes a simple design which minimizes space occupied by the separator and insulator disc, while maximizing the available area for ion mass transfer between the electrodes, whereby greater cell efficiency and improved performance characteristics are achieved.

Abstract: A high-storage-capacity electrical storage battery (20) includes a plurality of fiber anodes (22), a plurality of fiber cathodes (28) bundled together and interspersed with the fiber anodes (22), and an electrolyte in the interstices (40) between the fiber anodes (22) and the fiber cathodes (28). The fiber anodes (22) and the fiber cathodes (28) include anode fibers (24) and cathode fibers (30) that are each preferably of a diameter of 0.010-0.050 inches. A tubular compliant lateral casing (44) laterally surrounds the fiber anodes (22), the fiber cathodes (28), and the electrolyte. A compliant end plate (46) is sealed to the lateral casing (44) at each end thereof with an end of each fiber anode (22) extending out of a first end plate at a first end of the battery (20), and an end of each fiber cathode extending out of a second end plate at a second end of the battery (20). A protective metallic housing (45) overlies the compliant lateral casing (44).

Abstract: A method for producing Li(Al) alloy anode comprises the steps of alloying Li and Al, grinding the formed alloy, pressing the powder around a current conductive thread and enclosing the anode element in a microporous separator material.

Abstract: A battery separator for tubular positive electrodes composed of a microporous, composite sheet product having first and second major surface, formed from a uniform mixture of a polymer, a filler, a processing aid a porous form stable layer at least partially embedded in either the first or second major surface and having a series of vertical tubes arranged across its surface. The tubular sleeve/separator can be formed of individual tubes, flat sheets formed into a series of tubes or sheets containing half tubes and which are aligned and bonded together to form the series of tubes.

Abstract: An electrical device such as a battery (20) or capacitor is formed as alternating facing layers of an array of fibrous electrodes. The fibrous electrodes (24) of one set of layers are connected at one end (36) of the array, and the fibrous electrodes (30) of the alternating set of layers are connected at the other end (38) of the array. The fibrous electrodes (24, 30) of the two layers, taken together, preferably have a two-dimensional close-packed arrangement. Desirably, no connection is made to at least one of each pair of any shorted electrodes that may be present.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of an electrode for lead-acid storage battery wherein a current-conducting backing is subjected to electrochemical treatment, to produce an active material. Said active material is formed from the outer layer of the current-conducting backing. The active material is subjected to compression by applying a pressure to the surface thereof.

Abstract: An improved tubular sealed lead-acid battery is proposed which has superior cycle life performance by providing a gap A between adjacent tubes which gap is expressed by the following equation, in which constant X is within the range of 0.29-0.75:A=B.times.constant X.times.(1.1-0.1.times.E)-2.times.C.times.DwhereA: the gap between the tubes (mm)B: the inside radius of the tube (mm)C: the thickness of the tube (mm)D: the porosity of the tube (%).times.0.01E: the inter-electrode distance (mm).

Abstract: An electrochemical cell, such as an alkaline cell, employing at least two separator strips in which the strips have notches appropriately placed so that when the separator is formed into a closed end cylindrical configuration it will have substantially no folds protruding inside and/or outside its wall at the area adjacent its bottom surface.

Abstract: An oxygen generator having a honeycomb body made of oxygen ion conducting material separates oxygen from a first gas, such as air. The honeycomb body has a plurality of generally parallel first and second channels coated with a layer of porous metal conductor which serve as electrodes. The first and second channels are arranged in alternating rows across the face of the honeycomb and the respective electrodes therein are oppositely charged by connection to a voltage source. Oxygen ions from a first gas in the first channels are caused to tranit across the channel walls to the second channels under an applied voltage. Oxygen generated in the second channels may be collected in a manifold through a set of third channels which intersect the sealed second channels, and used in applications such as home breathing apparatus'. Additional features are included in the honeycomb body and in the design of manifolds to facilitate the supply of a first gas and collection of oxygen.