Abstract: A non-aqueous secondary battery having an electrode group comprising a portion of exposed metal foil electrically connected to the positive electrode collector and covering the entire outer surface of the electrode group. Separator material is sandwiched between the foil and the negative electrode, which is positioned outwardly of the positive electrode, and separator material is also positioned between the foil covering of the electrode group and a negative polarity cell container. The positioning of the metal foil is such that if the battery is crushed, the separator material on the outermost side of the metal foil or between the metal foil and the negative electrode is broken first, so that the metal foil short-circuits with the inner wall of the cell container or the negative electrode, respectively.

Abstract: An all solid state battery comprising: (a) a positive electrode current collector layer, (b) a positive electrode active material layer carried on the positive electrode current collector layer, (c) a negative electrode current collector layer, (d) a negative electrode active material layer carried on the negative electrode current collector layer, (e) a solid electrolyte layer interposed between the positive and negative electrode active material layers, and (f) a substrate carrying either of the positive and negative electrode current collector layers, the substrate comprising a metal sheet and a coating layer covering the surface of the metal sheet, the coating layer comprising at least one metal nitride layer.

Abstract: All-solid-state electrochemical cells and batteries employing very thin film, highly conductive polymeric electrolyte and very thin electrode structures are disclosed, along with economical and high-speed methods of manufacturing. A preferred embodiment is a rechargeable lithium polymer electrolyte battery. New polymeric electrolytes employed in the devices are strong yet flexible, dry and non-tacky. The new, thinner electrode structures have strength and flexibility characteristics very much like thin film capacitor dielectric material that can be tightly wound in the making of a capacitor. A wide range of polymers, or polymer blends, characterized by high ionic conductivity at room temperature, and below, are used as the polymer base material for making the solid polymer electrolytes. The preferred polymeric electrolyte is a cationic conductor. In addition to the polymer base material, the polymer electrolyte compositions exhibit a conductivity greater than 1×10−4 S/cm at 25° C.

Abstract: A battery electrode that can be bent in any shape without deterioration in battery performance. The metal current collector of the battery electrode has cut lines. This battery electrode is used for the positive or negative electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery. The length of the cut lines is such that the ratio of y/x is from 0.2 to 0.9, with y being the total length of cut lines, and x being the distance between two points at which the extension of the cut line crosses both edges of the current collector.

Abstract: A method of forming battery leads, comprising the steps of: forming a plurality of aligned, spaced-apart elongated openings in a rectangular, metallic sheet, the metallic sheet having side edges and a width between the side edges equal to a desired length of a battery lead, the openings extending between the side edges and being aligned in a row that extends parallel to the side edges; treating areas of the surfaces of the metallic sheet between the openings to enhance the adhesive properties thereof; applying a strip of an adhesive/sealant material to each side of the metallic strip over the area and the slots; and cutting a battery lead from the metallic sheet by cutting the metallic sheet widthwise through each opening from one side edge to the other side edge.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery includes: (a) a positive electrode plate comprising an active material part and a current collector carrying the active material part, the active material part comprising a positive electrode active material capable of absorbing or desorbing a lithium ion during charge and discharge; (b) a negative electrode plate comprising an active material part and a current collector carrying the active material part, the active material part comprising a negative electrode active material capable of absorbing or desorbing a lithium ion during charge and discharge; (c) a separator interposed between the positive and negative electrode plates; (d) an electrolyte; and (e) a battery case accommodating the positive and negative electrode plates, the separator, and the electrolyte. The positive and negative electrode plates are wound with the separator interposed therebetween, thereby to form an electrode plate assembly.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrode comprising a porous three-dimensional conductive support containing an electrochemically active material, said support having at least a first edge connected to a connection piece and at least a second edge substantially parallel to said first edge, and means for preventing said active material disposed along said second edge from moving. Said means is selected from: a piece having a U-shaped fold placed stride said second edge; a surface covering; and treatment to modify the texture of said support. The electrode is used as a positive electrode in a second electrochemical cell of the nickel metal hydride type.

Abstract: Electrodes including bipolar composite electrodes and end electrodes are characterized by a layer of electrochemically active material bonded to a first surface of a non-conductive electrode substrate material. In the case of a bipolar electrode, the opposing second surface of the substrate material also carries a layer of electrically active material, the layer of electrochemically active material contacting through said substrate material to provide a current pathway. In the case of an end electrode, the opposing second surface of the substrate material carries a layer of electrically active material, the layer of electrochemically active material contacting the layer of electrically active material through the substrate material to provide a current pathway. Processes of preparing the electrodes and uses of the electrodes in batteries are also disclosed.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolytic cell having a positive electrode, which has a positive electrode active material layer containing, at least a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode, which has a negative electrode active material layer containing, at least, a negative electrode active material; and an electrolyte, wherein a sulfur compound is added to at least one of the positive electrode active material and/or the negative electrode active material.

Abstract: A battery comprising an electricity-generating element comprising a strip-form positive electrode, a strip-form negative electrode, and a strip-form separator, said positive electrode and said negative electrode being spirally wound through said separator and said positive electrode and said negative electrode respectively having current collecting lugs protruding from a side thereof, wherein the pitches of the current collecting lugs become longer toward the outer periphery side, and the at least one current collecting lug that located on the outer side has a larger width than that located on the inner side. In this battery, the electricity-generating element has at least one current collecting lug which has a larger width than the adjacent current collecting lug located on the inner side thereof.

Abstract: A lead acid battery grid made from a lead based alloy containing calcium, tin, and silver having the following composition: calcium above 0.06 and below 0.082%, tin above 1.0% and below 1.2%, silver between 0.005 and 0.020%, and optionally containing up to 0.025% aluminum. To enhance corrosion resistance and reduce grid growth, the grid optimally may contain 0.005 to 0.05% copper as an alloying element complementary to and as a replacement for part of the silver, provided the silver content does not fall below 0.005% and no more than a trace of aluminum is present.

Abstract: The present invention improves the performance of lithium electrochemical cells by providing a new electrode assembly based on a sandwich cathode design, but termed a double screen sandwich cathode electrode design. In particular, the present invention uses sandwich cathode electrodes which are, in turn, sandwiched between two half double screen sandwich cathode electrodes, either in a prismatic plate or serpentine-like electrode assembly. In a jellyroll electrode assembly, the cell is provided in a case-positive design and the outside round of the electrode assembly is a half double screen sandwich cathode electrode.

Abstract: A wide range of solid polymer electrolytes characterized by high ionic conductivity at room temperature, and below, are disclosed. These all-solid-state polymer electrolytes are suitable for use in electrochemical cells and batteries. A preferred polymer electrolyte is a cationic conductor which is flexible, dry, non-tacky, and lends itself to economical manufacture in very thin film form. Solid polymer electrolyte compositions which exhibit a conductivity of at least approximately 10−3-10−4 S/cm at 25° C. comprise a base polymer or polymer blend containing an electrically conductive polymer, a metal salt, a finely divided inorganic filler material, and a finely divided ion conductor.

Abstract: A rectangular electrode plate including a core metal sheet and a mixture paste coated thereon has a lead on one long side edge thereof where no mixture is coated, and a mixture non-coated part on the other side edge thereof. Positioning holes are punched only in the lead so that the stress exerted when punching the holes will not cause the mixture paste to fall off. Stacked electrode plates are accommodated within a magazine with a certain clearance between the three side edges of the electrodes other than the lead and the inner surface of the magazine, and fed one by one to be assembled into an electrode plate group to form a battery.

Abstract: An electrode having a current collector and, formed thereon, a thin film comprising an active material, characterized in that a thin alloy film (such as Sn—Co) comprising a metal which can form an alloy with lithium (such as Sn) and a metal which can not form an alloy with lithium (such as Co) is formed on a current collector such as a copper foil. It is preferred that the above metal which can form an alloy with lithium and the above metal which can not form an alloy with lithium can not form an intermetallic compound with each other.

Abstract: An electrode substrate is formed by mechanically processing a nickel foil so as to be made three dimensional through the creation of concave and convex parts, and then, this substrate is filled with active material or the like so that an electrode is manufactured, wherein the above described concave and convex parts are rolling pressed so as to incline in one direction. Furthermore, an electrode for secondary battery is formed by using the above described electrode.

Abstract: Positive electrode-active materials for use in lithium-ion and lithium-ion polymer batteries contain quaternary composite oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt and aluminum where one of the four is present at levels of over 70 mol percent. The composite oxides can be lithiated to form positive electrode-active materials that are stable over at least ten charge/discharge cycles at voltage levels over 4.8 volts, and have capacities of over 200 mAh/g. Methods for producing the materials and electrochemical cells and batteries that include the materials are also provided.

Abstract: A secondary battery comprising: a substrate; a first current collector; a first electrode; a solid electrolyte; a second electrode; and a second current collector; the first current collector being formed on the substrate and serving as a current collector of the first electrode, the first electrode being formed on the first current collector, the solid electrolyte being formed on the first electrode, the second electrode being formed on the solid electrolyte, the second current collector being formed on the second electrode and serving as a current collector of the second electrode, at least one electrode selected from the group consisting of the first electrode and the second electrode containing at least one material selected from the group consisting of an ion conductive material and an electron conductive material.

Abstract: A grid plate for high power lead acid battery having a plate (14) covered with a conductive polymeric matrix (10) of preferably polyaniline and its derivatives, which is then coated with nanoscale particles of active material (14) such as lead sulfate and basic lead sulfate complexes.

Abstract: This invention provides a small battery and an electric double layer capacitor exhibiting adequate cell voltage and capacitor withstand voltage. Specifically, this invention provides a battery or electric double layer capacitor in which basic cells comprising a pair of electrodes oppositely laminated via the separator, and an electrolyte are packaged in a resin sheet package, wherein the basic cells are laminated in series via a sheet current collector; the sheet current collector extends to an edge of the resin sheet package around the periphery of the basic cells laminated on both sides of the current collector; the sheet current collector is glued or fused to the resin sheet in its edge; and the adjacent basic cells via the sheet current collector are fluid-tightly separated within the resin sheet package.

Abstract: In a fuel cell assembly typically consisting of a plurality of cells each comprising an electrolyte layer (2), a pair of gas diffusion electrode layers (3, 4) interposing the electrolyte layer between them, and a pair of flow distribution plates (5) for defining passages (10, 11) for fuel and oxidizer gases that contact the gas diffusion electrode layers, the electrolyte layer (2) comprises a frame (21) including a grid (21a) having a number of through holes (21b), and electrolyte (22) retained in each of the through holes. Because the electrolyte is not required to be interposed between structural members such as the gas diffusion electrode layers and flow distribution plates, the electrolyte is allowed to expand into the passages for the fuel and oxidizer gases to that no undesirable stresses are produced, and the structural members would not be affected by the expansion of the electrolyte.

Abstract: A coin type battery having a structure that contributes to improved discharge capacity and prevent deposition of lithium metal is provided. A positive electrode plate (7) and a negative electrode plate (8) are folded at their connecting pieces and coiled around into a flat shape to construct an electrode plate group (1) such that layer faces of the positive electrode plate (7) and layer faces of the negative electrode plate (8) are alternately layered upon one another with a separator (9) interposed therebetween, and the electrode plate group is accommodated in a battery case made of a cap case (4) having an open end and a sealing case (5) for sealing this open end. An insulating member is provided to a connecting piece of the positive electrode plate (7) that is to be located at the center when the electrode plates are coiled around, on a face opposite one end of the negative electrode plate (8).

Abstract: Lithium electrochemical cells having a sandwich cathode electrode of SVO/CFx/SVO active materials are described. Such a design improves the service life of defibrillator electrochemical cells. A preferred formulation uses &ggr;-SVO/CFx/&ggr;-SVO or (&ggr;+&egr;)-SVO/CFx/(&ggr;+&egr;)-SVO sandwiched cathode electrodes.

Abstract: A rechargeable, thin film lithium battery cell (10) is provided having a supporting substrate (11), a cathode current collector (12), a cathode (13), a solid state electrolyte (14), an anode (15) and an anode current collector (17).

Abstract: In a first process, an electrically conductive thin metal plate 7 is subjected to a press molding process employing a plurality of punches 3 in a primary molding block 1 and a plurality of dies 4 in a secondary molding block 2, so as to form therein a plurality of hollow projections 9 that project from one side of the metal plate 7, and bulges 14 that bulge out in a direction opposite to that of the projections 9, positioned between the projections 9. In a second process, the metal plate 7 on which have been formed the plurality of projections 9 and bulges 14 is subjected to either chemical etching or electrolytic etching, so as to form through holes 17 by corrosively removing thin-walled portions 11 from the tips of the projections 9, and, at the same time, to corrosively form innumerable fine irregularities 18 over the entire surface of the metal plate 7.

Abstract: A negative electrode for lithium secondary battery includes a negative electrode collector having a proportional limit of not less than 2.0 N/mm and having a negative electrode material attached thereon, and the negative electrode material including a material to be alloyed with lithium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sintered nickel positive electrode plates for alkaline storage batteries with a high capacity density in which the working voltage during discharge is kept from dropping and the utilization of the positive electrode active material remains high even at high temperatures. The electrode comprises a porous sintered nickel substrate and metal hydroxides mainly composed of nickel hydroxide impregnated in the substrate, the metal hydroxides including: a first layer comprising a hydroxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of yttrium, ytterbium and lutetium, and being in contact with the substrate; a second layer comprising a mixture of nickel hydroxide and cobalt hydroxide, and covering the first layer; and a third layer comprising cobalt hydroxide and covering the second layer.

Abstract: An electrochemical capacitor cell is provided. The cell includes a cathode having a coating of an amorphous metal oxide, and an anode having a coating of an amorphous metal oxide. An electrolyte layer is disposed between the cathode and anode, and first and second current collectors are disposed, respectively, adjacent the outer surfaces of the cathode and anode. A conductive resin coating then surrounds the exterior surfaces of the cathode and anode and their respective current collectors to provide an exterior packaging having rigidity and strength for the cell. Additionally, a process for forming the light-weight reinforced capacitor is provided. The process includes creating a die member having first and second mating components. The first component is in the form of a die mold having a recessed area, and the second component is in the form of a mating die punch sized and shaped to fit the recessed area of the first component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprising: a flat outer jacket comprising a metal sheet and having two primary flat portions facing each other; two active material layers of a first polarity respectively carried on inner surfaces of the flat portions; an electrode plate of a second polarity disposed in a position facing with each of the active material layers; and a separator layer interposed between each of the active material layers and the electrode plate of a second polarity, with the outer jacket serving as a current collector of the active material layers.

Abstract: A storage battery including an electrode and an electrolyte material, in which the electrode has a grid with a mesh area of about 50 mm2 or less and an active material provided on the grid. Accordingly, it is made possible to prevent a decrease in the negative electrode's conductivity due to a contraction of the negative electrode active material that takes place extensively when a cycle of charge and discharge is repeated particularly at high temperatures with a resulting remarkable improvement in cycle life characteristics of a lead-acid storage battery.

Abstract: A cell such as a nonaqueous electrolytic secondary cell includes a plurality of power-generating elements each of which includes a strip-like positive electrode and a strip-like negative electrode both wound into an elliptic cylinder with a separator being interposed therebetween, each power-generating element having a peripheral face including at least a flat portion, a cell case for housing the power-generating elements, the cell case having an opening, and a cover hermetically sealing the opening of the cell case. The flat portion of each power-generating element is superposed on the flat portion of the adjacent power-generating element, and a sheet member is wound around peripheries of the power-generating elements superposed to fasten the power-generating elements such that the power-generating elements are integrated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a current collector for a battery which comprises a lead or lead alloy substrate and a thin cladding of tin, batteries utilizing such a current collector and methods for manufacturing such batteries. Preferably the tin cladding is composed of substantially pure tin and the concentration of the tin cladding relative to the weight of the current collector (i.e., the combined weight of the substrate and cladding) is less than 4% by weight. The tin cladding forms a noncontinuous layer over the outer surface of the substrate such that there are interspersed regions of lead and tin at the current collector surface. Batteries utilizing such current collectors exhibit marked improvement in performance compared to similar cells composed of tin alloys. In particular, batteries using current collectors of the present design offer superior cycle life and shelf life performance.

Abstract: Provided is a current collector substrate in an electrode of an alkaline secondary battery, which is advantageous not only in that it has excellent holding ability for a mixture for electrode, but also in that the utilization of an active material is improved, thereby enhancing the discharge characteristics of the battery, and an electrode and an alkaline secondary battery using the same. This current collector substrate has a plurality of openings formed within the surface of a metal powder sinter sheet which has a thickness (t) of 80 &mgr;m or less and is produced by a powdery calendering process, wherein the openings have periphery portions comprising burr portions protruding in the opposite directions.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a positive electrode for an alkaline storage battery that achieves excellent filing characteristics for an active material for the positive electrode and longer lifetime of the battery is provided. The method includes a first process of filling a paste of the active material for the positive electrode in a first porous metal sheet provided with a plurality of oblate pores whose major axes are arranged substantially in one direction, and a second process of pressing the first porous metal sheet that has undergone the first process using a roller press such that the one direction and a direction of a rotation axis of a roller in the roller press substantially are parallel, so as to produce a positive electrode sheet provided with a second porous metal sheet.

Abstract: A battery includes a battery enclosure (3), a power-generating unit (50) accommodated in the battery enclosure (3), positive and negative terminal electrodes (1, 2). The battery enclosure (3) is composed of a laminate film compounded of metal and a polymer material, and has a rectangular shape. The power-generating unit (50) includes positive electrode collectors (5), negative electrode collectors (7) and separators (8). The positive and negative terminal electrodes (1, 2) have dimensions substantially equal to those of the positive and negative electrode collectors (5, 7), respectively. Further, the positive and negative terminal electrodes (1, 2) protrude from mutually different sides of the battery enclosure (3). The positive terminal electrode (1) is formed by protruding the positive electrode collectors (5) from the battery enclosure (3) in a state where end portions of the positive electrode collectors (5) are mutually stacked.

Abstract: In a hydrogen absorbing alloy electrode employed as a negative electrode of an alkaline storage battery, a covering layer containing at least one of metal elected from nickel and cobalt, and carbon particles is formed on a surface of the hydrogen absorbing alloy electrode or hydrogen absorbing alloy particles used in the hydrogen absorbing alloy electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a current collector for a battery which comprises a lead or lead alloy substrate and a thin cladding of tin, batteries utilizing such a current collector and methods for manufacturing such batteries. Preferably the tin cladding is composed of substantially pure tin and the concentration of the tin cladding relative to the weight of the current collector (i.e., the combined weight of the substrate and cladding) is less than 4% by weight. The tin cladding forms a noncontinuous layer over the outer surface of the substrate such that there are interspersed regions of lead and tin at the current collector surface. Batteries utilizing such current collectors exhibit marked improvement in performance compared to similar cells composed of tin alloys. In particular, batteries using current collectors of the present design offer superior cycle life and shelf life performance.

Abstract: A lead-acid storage battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte material. The foregoing negative electrode has a first grid with a first grid geometry and a first active material provided on the above first grid. The foregoing positive electrode has a second grid with a second grid geometry and a second active material provided on the above second grid. A first mesh area of the foregoing first grid is smaller than a second mesh area of the foregoing second grid, thereby achieving an excellent high rate discharge cycle life.

Abstract: A polyurethane compound, due to a substituent having a large dipole moment introduced onto the polyurethane molecule, can improve the closeness of contact between electrodes and an electrolyte and achieve an interfacial impedance comparable to that of electrolyte solution, while retaining a high dielectric constant and the ability to dissolve ion-conductive salts to a high concentration. The invention is also directed at a binder resin composed of the polymeric compound, an ion-conductive polymer electrolyte composition of high ionic conductivity and high bond strength which is composed primarily of an ion-conductive salt and a polyelectrolyte-providing polymer made of the polymeric compound, and a secondary cell in which these serve as constituents.

Abstract: An energy storage device includes a first electrode comprising a first material and a second electrode comprising a second material, at least a portion of the first and second materials forming an interpenetrating network when dispersed in an electrolyte, the electrolyte, the first material and the second material are selected so that the first and second materials exert a repelling force on each other when combined. An electrochemical device, includes a first electrode in electrical communication with a first current collector; a second electrode in electrical communication with a second current collector; and an ionically conductive medium in ionic contact with said first and second electrodes, wherein at least a portion of the first and second electrodes form an interpenetrating network and wherein at least one of the first and second electrodes comprises an electrode structure providing two or more pathways to its current collector.

Abstract: A secondary battery comprises a pair of collectors made of a valve action metal, a pair of electrodes comprising a sulfuric acid aqueous solution, a separator and an outer can. Each collector is covered with an oxide film of a thickness of 1.7-10 nm. The oxide film is formed in a range of from 30% by area or more to less than 100% by area relative to the surface area of the collector. Each collector has one electrode disposed thereon.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell of either a primary or a secondary chemistry, is described. In either case, the cell has a negative electrode of lithium or of an anode material which is capable of intercalating and de-intercalating lithium coupled with a positive electrode of a cathode active material. A nitrate compound is mixed with either the anode material or the cathode active material prior to contact with its current collector. The resulting electrode couple is activated by a nonaqueous electrolyte. The electrolyte flows into and throughout the electrodes causing the nitrate additive to dissolve in the electrolyte. The nitrate solute is then able to contact the lithium to provide an electrically insulating and ionically conducting passivation layer thereon.

Abstract: A secondary cell having a long cycle lifetime and a superior charge and discharge performance is provided with an electrode having a collector having a metal matrix 301 having micropores 302 with an average diameter not larger than 3 microns. The micropores 302 is formed by utilizing reduction reaction of a metal.

Abstract: A new sandwich cathode design having a second cathode active material of a relatively high energy density but of a relatively low rate capability sandwiched between two current collectors and with a first cathode active material having a relatively low energy density but of a relatively high rate capability in contact with the opposite sides of the two current collectors, is described. The present cathode design is useful for powering an implantable medical device requiring a high rate discharge application.

Abstract: Cobalt-based alloys are provided for use as a positive electrode current collector in a solid cathode, nonaqueous liquid electrolyte, alkali metal anode active electrochemical cell. The cobalt-based alloys are characterized by chemical compatibility with aggressive cell environments, high corrosion resistance and resistance to fluorination and passivation at elevated temperatures, thus improving the longevity and performance of the electrochemical cell. The cell can be of either a primary or a secondary configuration.

Abstract: In one implementation, a bicell battery apparatus includes first and second counter electrodes and an intermediate electrode positioned therebetween. Respective end edges of the first and second counter electrodes are received outwardly beyond a respective end edge of the intermediate electrode at a region. A current collector extension extends from one of the end edges of the intermediate electrode within the region and extends outwardly beyond the respective end edges of the first and second counter electrodes within the region. A first substantially electrolyte impermeable insulative layer is received between the current collector extension and the first counter electrode. A second substantially electrolyte impermeable insulative layer is received between the current collector extension and the second counter electrode.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a nonaqueous electrolyte battery that satisfies both of a large discharge capacity and a superior cycle life characteristic by developing a novel negative electrode material. A nonaqueous electrolyte battery uses a negative electrode active material that is a compound expressed by Formula (1): AzMXy  (1) where A is at least one element selected from the alkali metals, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, and Mg, X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of B, N, Al, Si, P, Ga, Ge, As, In, Sn, Sb, Pb, and Bi, 0≦z≦20, and 0.2≦y≦6.

Abstract: An electrode includes a composite mixture layer formed by applying a composite mixture having one of a cathode active material or an anode active material on one of main surfaces of a plurality of current collectors formed in substantially rectangular shapes; and a non-applied part to which the composite mixture is not applied at both end parts in the longitudinal direction. One current collector is connected to the other adjacent current collector at one end side in the longitudinal direction through a connecting part to which the composite mixture is not applied and which is provided continuously to the non-applied parts. In the electrode constructed as described above, a plurality of current collectors can be laminated to obtain a multi-layer structure and an electric current can be collected from a lead welded to only one end part of the current collector. Thus, the electrode of a new form having an excellent productivity and a high capacity can be provided.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell of either a primary or a secondary chemistry, is described. In either case, the cell has a negative electrode of lithium or of an anode material which is capable of intercalating and de-intercalating lithium coupled with a positive electrode of a cathode active material. A phosphonate compound is mixed with either the anode material or the cathode active material prior to contact with its current collector. The resulting electrode couple is activated by a non-aqueous electrolyte. The electrolyte flows into and throughout the electrodes causing the phosphonate additive to dissolve in the electrolyte. The phosphonate solute is then able to contact the lithium to provide an electrically insulating and ionically conducting passivation layer thereon.

Abstract: There are provided a constituent material for a rechargeable battery with a nonaqueous electrolyte and a rechargeable battery with a nonaqueous electrolyte, using the constituent material, which has high energy density and a high level of safety.