Abstract: A polymer electrolyte including a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) containing polymer; and a lithium salt, wherein a terminal of the poly(ethylene oxide) containing polymer is substituted with a sulfur compound functional group, a nitrogen compound functional group or a phosphorus compound functional group, and a method for preparing the same and a battery containing the same.

Abstract: There is disclosed a polymer electrolyte composition that comprises a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1), at least one electrolyte salt selected from the group consisting of lithium salts, sodium salts, and magnesium salts, and a molten salt having a melting point of 250° C. or less: wherein X? represents a counter anion.

Abstract: The invention discloses a thin film transistor, a display panel and a method of fabricating the thin film transistor. The thin film transistor includes a substrate, a flat film, a dielectric layer, an active layer, and a source/drain layer which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top; and a plurality of reinforcing portions are disposed on an upper surface of the flat film, wherein the flat film and the reinforcing portions constitute a gate layer, wherein the reinforcing portions are configured to increase an area of the upper surface of the flat film, so as to increase an effective overlapping area between the flat film and the active layer, and reduce a width and a length of the thin film transistor.

Abstract: One or more interfacial layers in contact with a solid-state electrolyte and hybrid electrolyte materials. Interfacial layers comprise inorganic (e.g., metal oxides and soft inorganic materials) or organic materials (e.g., polymer materials, gel materials and ion-conducting liquids). The interfacial layers can improve the electrical properties (e.g., reduce the impedance) of an interface between an a cathode and/or anode and a solid-state electrolyte. The interfacial layers can be used in, for example, solid-state batteries (e.g., solid-state, ion-conducting batteries).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a Lithium battery with a substrate current collector formed of pillars on a substrate face, wherein the method comprises: forming elongate and aligned structures forming electrically conductive pillars on the substrate face with upstanding pillar walls; wherein the pillars are formed with a first electrode, a solid state electrolyte layer provided on the first electrode; and a second electrode layer, wherein the pillars are dimensioned in such a way that adjacent pillars are merged and a topstrate current collector is formed of complementary interspace structures between the merged pillars.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a separator for a lithium-sulfur battery having a composite coating layer including polydopamine, and a method for preparing the same, and in particular, to a lithium-sulfur battery suppressing lithium polysulfide elution by using a composite coating layer including polydopamine and a conductive material on one surface of a separator. In the lithium-sulfur battery according to the present invention, a porous structure of polydopamine adsorbs lithium polysulfide eluted from a positive electrode preventing elution and diffusion, and by providing additional electric conductivity, a reaction site of a positive electrode active material is provided, and therefore, battery capacity and life time properties are enhanced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolyte containing a polydopamine and a lithium-sulfur battery including the same and, more particularly, to a technique in which polydopamine contained in an electrolyte adsorbs a lithium polysulfide eluted from a positive electrode of a lithium-sulfur battery. When using an electrolyte, according to the present invention, to which polydopamine particles are added, the polydopamine particles dispersed in the electrolyte act to adsorb lithium polysulfide eluted from a positive electrode during the charging and discharging, and thus can suppress the diffusion thereof, i.e., suppress a shuttle reaction, thereby improving the capacity and lifetime characteristics of the lithium-sulfur battery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a separator for a lithium-sulfur battery having a composite coating layer including polydopamine, and a method for preparing the same, and in particular, to a lithium-sulfur battery suppressing lithium polysulfide elution by using a composite coating layer including polydopamine and a conductive material on one surface of a separator. In the lithium-sulfur battery according to the present invention, a porous structure of polydopamine adsorbs lithium polysulfide eluted from a positive electrode preventing elution and diffusion, and by providing additional electric conductivity, a reaction site of a positive electrode active material is provided, and therefore, battery capacity and life time properties are enhanced.

Abstract: An electrolyte is provided, which includes (a) 100 parts by weight of oxide-based solid state inorganic electrolyte, (b) 20 to 70 parts by weight of [Li(—OR1)n?OR2]Y, wherein R1 is C1-4 alkylene group, R2 is C1-4 alkyl group, n is 2 to 100, and Y is PF6?, BF4?, AsF6?, SbF6?, ClO4?, AlCl4?, GaCl4?, NO3?, C(SO2CF3)3?, N(SO2CF3)2?, SCN?, CF3CF2SO3?, C6F5SO3?, CF3CO2?, SO3F?, B(C6H5)4?, CF3SO3?, or a combination thereof, (c) 1 to 10 parts by weight of nano oxide, and (d) 1 to 20 parts by weight of binder. The electrolyte can be disposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode to form a battery.

Abstract: A lithium-ion battery including an electrodeposited anode material having a micron-scale, three-dimensional porous foam structure separated from interpenetrating cathode material that fills the void space of the porous foam structure by a thin solid-state electrolyte which has been reductively polymerized onto the anode material in a uniform and pinhole free manner, which will significantly reduce the distance which the Li-ions are required to traverse upon the charge/discharge of the battery cell over other types of Li-ion cell designs, and a procedure for fabricating the battery are described. The interpenetrating three-dimensional structure of the cell will also provide larger energy densities than conventional solid-state Li-ion cells based on thin-film technologies. The electrodeposited anode may include an intermetallic composition effective for reversibly intercalating Li-ions.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, the nonaqueous electrolyte including: a fluorine-containing lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an organosilicon compound represented by Formula 1: wherein, in Formula 1, R1 to R6 are each independently a C1-C10 alkyl group or a C1-C10 alkoxy group. Also a lithium secondary battery including the nonaqueous electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention provides a redox flow battery comprising a microporous or nanoporous size-exclusion membrane, wherein one cell of the battery contains a redox-active polymer dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent or a redox-active colloidal particle dispersed in the non-aqueous solvent. The redox flow battery provides enhanced ionic conductivity across the electrolyte separator and reduced redox-active species crossover, thereby improving the performance and enabling widespread utilization. Redox active poly(vinylbenzyl ethylviologen) (RAPs) and redox active colloidal particles (RACs) were prepared and were found to be highly effective redox species. Controlled potential bulk electrolysis indicates that 94-99% of the nominal charge on different RAPs is accessible and the electrolysis products are stable upon cycling. The high concentration attainable (>2.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte for a lithium-ion battery including a film having a multiplicity of nanowires, each nanowire including a lithium-ion conductive material, and a lithium-ion battery including the solid electrolyte. The multiplicity of nanowires may be formed in an electrospinning process. The lithium-ion battery may be formed by compressing the solid electrolyte between an anode layer and a cathode layer.

Abstract: Batteries with particularly high energy capacity and low internal impedance have been described herein. The batteries can exhibit extraordinary long cycling with acceptable low amounts of fade. Pouch batteries using high specific capacity lithium rich metal oxide as positive electrode material combined with graphitic carbon anode can reach an energy density of at least about 180 Wh/kg at a rate of C/3 from 4.35V to 2V at room temperature while having a room temperature areas specific DC resistance of no more than about 75 ohms-cm2 at 20% SOC based on a full charge to 4.35V. High specific capacity lithium rich metal oxide with specific stoichiometry ranges used in these batteries are disclosed.

Abstract: The present application relates generally to conductive compositions that are transparent to visible light and their use in various optical applications, such as ophthalmic products. Embodiments of the invention include transparent conductive ink compositions that comprise a conductive polymer and one or more of a lithium salt or a high boiling point solvent. Embodiments of the invention further include electro-active ophthalmic products, such as electro-active ophthalmic lenses, comprising one or more conductive structures (e.g., contacts, wires, and the like) that are at least partially composed of said transparent conductive ink compositions.

Abstract: A porous electrolytic composite membrane for electrochemical energy systems, such as alkaline fuel cells, metal-air batteries and alkaline electrolyzers, comprises a porous polymeric material and nanomaterials. The polymeric material is preferably polybenzimidazole (PBI). The nanomaterials are preferably functionalized or non-functionalized. The nanomaterials are preferably titania nanotubes and/or graphene oxide nanosheets. The membrane further comprises an electrolyte solution, such as KOH. A method of preparing the membrane is also provided.

Abstract: Provided are an electrolyte comprising an amide compound of a specific structure, in which an alkoxy group is substituted with an amine group, and an ionizable lithium salt, and an electrochemical device containing the same. The electrolyte may have excellent thermal and chemical stability and a wide electrochemical window. Also, the electrolyte may have a sufficiently low viscosity and a high ionic conductivity, and thus, may be usefully applied as an electrolyte of electrochemical devices using various anode materials.

Abstract: A solid-state electrolyte for rechargeable lithium batteries. The solid state electrolyte comprises a large unsaturated aromatic anion and a lithium charge carrier. The large unsaturated aromatic anion is selected from a di-lithium phthalocyanine and a di-lithium porphyrin, wherein one of the lithium ions of the unsaturated aromatic anion is replaced with a nitrogenous cation.

Abstract: An example of a flexible membrane includes a porous membrane and a solid electrolyte coating formed on at least a portion of a surface of the porous membrane, in pores of the porous membrane, or both on the surface and in the pores. The solid electrolyte coating includes i) a polymer chain or ii) an inorganic ionically conductive material. The polymer chain or the inorganic material includes a group to interact or react with a polysulfide through covalent bonding or supramolecular interaction.

Abstract: An electrolyte comprising an organic solvent, a lithium salt, and a polymer additive comprised of repeating vinyl units joined to one or more heterocyclic amine moieties is described. The heterocyclic amine contains five to ten ring atoms, inclusive. An electrochemical cell is also disclosed. The preferred cell comprises a negative electrode which intercalates with lithium, a positive electrode comprising an electrode active material which intercalates with lithium, and the electrolyte of the present invention activating the negative and the positive electrodes.

Abstract: A reactive polymer-supported porous film for separator, that has sufficient adhesiveness between electrodes and separator and can suitably be used to produce a battery having low internal resistance and high rate performance, a method for producing the porous film, a method for producing a battery using the porous film, and an electrode/porous film assembly are disclosed. The reactive polymer-supported porous film for battery separator includes a porous film substrate having supported thereon a reactive polymer obtained by reacting a crosslinkable polymer having at least one reactive group selected from the group consisting of 3-oxetanyl group and epoxy group in the molecule, with an acid anhydride, thereby partially crosslinking the polymer.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition that shows low methanol cross-over and exhibits high proton conductivity when used as a solid electrolyte for solid polymer fuel cells or the like, and a solid electrolyte membrane and a solid polymer fuel cell that use the electrolyte composition are provided. This electrolyte composition comprises a perfluorocyclobutane-containing polymer having a specific structure. High proton conductivity is provided by sulfonic acid groups connected to the benzene rings. Reduction of methanol crossover is realized by introduction of a rigid structure with aromatic rings, or a combination o a rigid structure with aromatic rings and a three-dimensional cross-linked structure.

Abstract: An electrolyte includes an eutectic mixture composed of (a) a hetero cyclic compound having a predetermined chemistry figure, and (b) an ionizable lithium salt. An electrochemical device having the electrolyte. The eutectic mixture included in the electrolyte exhibits inherent characteristics of an eutectic mixture such as excellent thermal stability and excellent chemical stability, thereby improving the problems such as evaporation, ignition and side reaction of an electrolyte caused by the usage of existing organic solvents.

Abstract: A lithium ion battery cell. The lithium ion battery cell includes a lithium-based anode, a cathode, and a solid-state electrolyte positioned between the lithium-based anode and the cathode. The cathode comprises alkylammonium cation lithium phthalocyanine anion complex. The solid-state electrolyte comprises an alkoxyalkylammonium cation lithium phthalocyanine anion complex.

Abstract: The invention relates to a BA diblock or BAB triblock copolymer, in which the A block is a non-substituted poly-oxyethylene chain having a mean molecular weight that is higher than 100 kDa and the B block is an anionic polymer which can be prepared using one or more monomers selected from among the vinyl monomers and derivatives thereof, said monomers being substituted with a (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion. The invention also relates to the uses of such a copolymer, in particular for preparing an electrolyte composition for lithium metal polymer (LMP) batteries.

Abstract: A lithium-ion battery having an anode including an array of nanowires electrochemically coated with a polymer electrolyte, and surrounded by a cathode matrix, forming thereby interpenetrating electrodes, wherein the diffusion length of the Li+ ions is significantly decreased, leading to faster charging/discharging, greater reversibility, and longer battery lifetime, is described. The battery design is applicable to a variety of battery materials. Methods for directly electrodepositing Cu2Sb from aqueous solutions at room temperature using citric acid as a complexing agent to form an array of nanowires for the anode, are also described. Conformal coating of poly-[Zn(4-vinyl-4?methyl-2,2?-bipyridine)3](PF6)2 by electroreductive polymerization onto films and high-aspect ratio nanowire arrays for a solid-state electrolyte is also described, as is reductive electropolymerization of a variety of vinyl monomers, such as those containing the acrylate functional group.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery including a lithium salt, a nonaqueous organic solvent, and an additive, in which the additive is composed of one or more compounds including a purinone or a purinone derivative. The lithium secondary battery with improved life and high-temperature storage may be provided by using the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery that includes a lithium salt and a non-aqueous organic solvent including a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 is described: The compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 is included at greater than or equal to 0.001 volume % and less than 1 volume % based on a total volume of the non-aqueous organic solvent. A rechargeable lithium battery including the electrolyte is also described.

Abstract: An organic electrolytic solution including a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a linear or cyclic polymerizable monomer that is negatively charged due to localization of electrons on the monomer, and a lithium battery employing the same. Since the organic electrolytic solution prevents decomposition of an electrolyte and elution from or precipitation of metal ions, the lithium battery employing the organic electrolytic solution has excellent lifetime characteristics and cycle characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention concerns polymers obtained by anionic initiation and bearing functions that can be activated by cationic initiations that are not reactive in the presence of anionic polymerization initiators. The presence of such cationic initiation functions allow an efficient cross-linking of the polymer after molding, particularly in the form of a thin film. It is thus possible to obtain polymers with well-defined properties in terms of molecular weight and cross-linking density. The polymers of the present invention are capable of dissolving ionic compounds inducing a conductivity for the preparation of solid electrolytes.

Abstract: Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) comprising at least one electrolyte salt and at least one linear triblock copolymer A-B-A, in which: the blocks A are polymers that may be prepared from one or more monomers chosen from styrene, o-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, m-t-butoxystyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, m-chlorostyrene, p-chlorostyrene, 4-carboxystyrene, vinylanisole, vinylbenzoic acid, vinylaniline, vinylnaphthalene, 9-vinylanthracene, 1 to 10C alkyl methacrylates, 4-chloromethylstyrene, divinylbenzene, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetramethylolpropane tetraacrylate, 1 to 10C alkyl acrylates, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; the block B is a polymer that may be prepared from one or more monomers chosen from ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), poly(ethylene glycol) acrylates (PEGA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylates (PEGMA). Rechargeable battery cell or accumulator comprising an anode and a cathode between which is intercalated the said solid polymer electrolyte.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte includes a sulfide-based electrolyte and a coating film including a water-resistant, lithium conductive polymer on a surface of the sulfide-based electrolyte, a method of preparing the solid electrolyte, and a lithium battery including the solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A gel-like or solid electrolyte containing (i) an electrolyte solution containing an electrolyte dissolved in an organic solvent, (ii) a lamellar clay mineral and/or an organically modified lamellar clay mineral and (iii) a polyvalent onium salt compound and a photoelectric transducer element and a dye-sensitized solar cell using the same.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery including a lithium salt, a nonaqueous organic solvent, and an additive, in which the additive is composed of one or more compounds including a purinone or a purinone derivative. The lithium secondary battery with improved life and high-temperature storage may be provided by using the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Abstract: A polymer ion exchange membrane for acidic electrolyte flow battery. The membrane is nitrogen heterocycles aromatic polymer, especially polybenzimidazole type polymer. A nitrogen heterocycles in the membrane interact with acid in the electrolyte to form donor-receptor proton transport network, so as to keep the proton transport performance of the membrane. The preparation condition for the membrane is mild, and the process is simplicity. The preparation method is suitable for mass production. The membrane is used in acidic electrolyte flow battery, especially in vanadium flow energy storage battery. The membrane has excellent mechanical stability and thermostability. In vanadium redox flow battery, the membrane has excellent proton conduct performance and excellent resistance to the permeation of vanadium ions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cyclic siloxane-based compound and a solid polymer electrolyte composition containing the same as a crosslinking agent. The cyclic siloxane-based compound having a novel structure in which polyalkylene oxide acrylate groups are introduced into a cyclic siloxane compound and a solid polymer electrolyte composition containing the cyclic siloxane-based compound as a crosslinking agent along with other electrolyte components such as a plasticizer, lithium salt and a curing initiator. Since the solid polymer electrolyte composition of the present invention improves ion conductivity and electrochemical stability at room temperature, it can be useful as polymer electrolyte for electrolyte films, small-sized to high-capacity lithium-polymer secondary batteries, etc. Also, physical properties of the polymer electrolyte can be controlled easily by controlling the length of the polyalkylene oxide group in the cyclic siloxane-based crosslinking agent.

Abstract: A composite porous membrane comprises a porous matrix and a polymer. The porous matrix contains a fiber woven fabric, a fiber nonwoven fabric, a porous metal material, or a porous inorganic material, and the polymer forms a three-dimensional network structure in the porous matrix. The composite porous membrane may be obtained by impregnating the porous matrix with a solution of the polymer, and by solidifying while stretching the polymer. Preferred examples of the porous matrix include glass fiber nonwoven fabrics, and preferred examples of the polymer include polybenzimidazoles.

Abstract: High electrical energy density storage devices are disclosed. The devices include electrochemical capacitors, electrolytic capacitors, hybrid electrochemical-electrolytic capacitors and secondary batteries. Advantageously, the energy storage devices may employ core-shell protonated perovskite submicron or nano particles in composite films that have one or more shell coatings on a protonated perovskite core particle, proton bearing and proton conductive. The shells may be formed of proton barrier materials as well as of electrochemically active materials in various configurations.

Abstract: Provided are an electrolyte comprising an amide compound of a specific structure, in which an alkoxy group is substituted with an amine group, and an ionizable lithium salt, and an electrochemical device containing the same. The electrolyte may have excellent thermal and chemical stability and a wide electrochemical window. Also, the electrolyte may have a sufficiently low viscosity and a high ionic conductivity, and thus, may be usefully applied as an electrolyte of electrochemical devices using various anode materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel and improved solid polymer electrolytes (or ‘gel’ polymer electrolytes) membranes for use in polymer electrolyte battery assemblies, supercapacitors and other applications. The solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) are designed specifically for lithium ion batteries and are generally comprised of a polyazole ring-substituted lithium sulfonates (PARSLS). One or more non-aqueous, PARSLS compatible solvents may be incorporated, and one or more thermally stable ionic liquids, and one or more lithium salts may also be incorporated into the SPE membranes of this invention. The SPE membranes of this invention show uniquely high lithium ion transfer values, high current carrying capacity over a wide temperature range, excellent rechargeability, and good compatibility with anode and cathode materials. These SPE membranes also have very high thermal/chemical stability, are optically clear, and can be made completely nonflammable.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane, a method of manufacturing the same, and a fuel cell including the polymer electrolyte membrane are provided, wherein the polymer electrolyte forms an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of a polymer by simple blending of a hydrophobic polyimide having a reactive terminal group and a hydrophilic aromatic polymer having ion conductivity. The polymer electrolyte membrane has reduced swelling properties due to highly dense crosslinking of polyimide through the reactive terminal group, shows high ion conductivity at low humidity, and has methanol crossover suppressing ability. Accordingly, a fuel cell with improved electric and mechanical properties can be provided.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium ion secondary battery and a lithium ion secondary battery comprising the electrolyte. The electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, and at least one aromatic phosphate compound. Exothermic reactions are inhibited in the battery upon overcharge or during high-temperature storage to prevent an increase in the temperature of the battery, resulting in an improvement in safety. In addition, the battery exhibits good swelling stability during high-temperature storage as well as improved cycle life characteristics. The electrolyte further comprises an ethylene carbonate-based compound. The presence of the ethylene carbonate-based compound leads to further improvements in the overcharge safety, high-temperature safety and cycle life characteristics of the battery.

Abstract: A membrane humidifier assembly includes a first flow field plate adapted to facilitate flow of a first gas thereto and a second flow field plate adapted to facilitate flow of a second gas thereto. A polymeric membrane is disposed between the first and second flow fields and adapted to permit transfer of water from the first flow field plate to the second flow field plate. The polymeric membrane includes a polymer having perfluorocyclobutyl groups and a pendant side chain having a protogenic group.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolyte for a secondary battery comprising an electrolyte salt and an electrolyte solvent, the electrolyte further comprising a lactam-based compound substituted with an electron withdrawing group (EWG) at the nitrogen position thereof. The electrolyte allows formation of a firm and dense SEI film on the surface of an anode, minimizes irreversible oxidative decomposition at a cathode, and thus can provide a battery with significantly improved lifespan, stability and high temperature characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid-state sodium-based secondary cell (or rechargeable battery). While the secondary cell can include any suitable component, in some cases, the secondary cell comprises a solid sodium metal negative electrode that is disposed in a non-aqueous negative electrolyte solution that includes an ionic liquid. Additionally, the cell comprises a positive electrode that is disposed in a positive electrolyte solution. In order to separate the negative electrode and the negative electrolyte solution from the positive electrolyte solution, the cell includes a sodium ion conductive electrolyte membrane. Because the cell's negative electrode is in a solid state as the cell functions, the cell may operate at room temperature. Additionally, where the negative electrolyte solution contains the ionic liquid, the ionic liquid may impede dendrite formation on the surface of the negative electrode as the cell is recharged and sodium ions are reduced onto the negative electrode.

Abstract: Nonaqueous electrolyte for high energy Li-ion batteries or batteries with lithium metal anode, in which the composition of additives are introduced to increase specific characteristics of lithium batteries including stability of the parameters during cycling and security of the battery operations, when the composition of the additives comprises the compounds from the class of esters, low molecular weight silicon quaternary ammonium salts, and macromolecular polymer organosilicon quaternary ammonium salts.

Abstract: The invention relates to ionic compounds in which the anionic load has been delocalized. A compound disclosed by the invention includes an anionic portion combined with at least one cationic portion Mm+ in sufficient numbers to ensure overall electronic neutrality; the compound is further comprised of M as a hydroxonium, a nitrosonium NO+, an ammonium —NH4+, a metallic cation with the valence m, an organic cation with the valence m, or an organometallic cation with the valence m. The anionic load is carried by a pentacyclical nucleus of tetrazapentalene derivative bearing electroattractive substituents. The compounds can be used notably for ionic conducting materials, electronic conducting materials, colorant, and the catalysis of various chemical reactions.

Abstract: An electrolytic membrane comprising a porous membrane substrate containing a cross-linked polymer electrolyte having at least a structural component shown by following chemical formula 1: wherein A represents a repeating unit having an aromatic hydrocarbon group substituted by at least a sulfonic acid group, B represents a repeating unit having one of a nitrogen-containing hetero ring compound residue, and the sulfate, hydrochloride or organic sulfonate thereof, C represents a repeating unit having a cross-linked group, and X, Y and Z represent mol fractions of respective repeating units in the chemical formula 1, with 0.34?X?0.985, 0.005?Y?0.49, 0.01?Z?0.495 and Y?X and Z?X, provided that, in the repeating unit A, a ratio of the aromatic hydrocarbon group substituted by at least a sulfonic acid group is 0.3 to 1.0, and the number of the sulfonic acid group in the aromatic hydrocarbon group is 1 to 3.

Abstract: It has long been recognized that replacing the Li intercalated graphitic anode with a lithium foil can dramatically improve energy density due to the dramatically higher capacity of metallic lithium. However, lithium foil is not electrochemically stable in the presence of typical lithium ion battery electrolytes and thus a simple replacement of graphitic anodes with lithium foils is not possible. It was found that diblock or triblock polymers that provide both ionic conduction and structural support can be used as a stable passivating layer on a lithium foil. This passivation scheme results in improved manufacture processing for batteries that use Li electrodes and in improved safety for lithium batteries during use.

Abstract: An unsaturated compound including a urethane bond in a main chain and a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, an alkylsulfonic acid group, or an alkylphosphoric acid group on a benzene ring in a side chain is provided. In addition, a solid polymer electrolyte membrane containing a compound prepared by polymerizing the above-mentioned compound and an electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly including diffusion layers adhered on both surfaces of the electrolyte membrane are provided. Furthermore, a solid polymer fuel cell using the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly is provided.