Abstract: A carbon-sulfur composite including a carbonized metal-organic framework (MOF); and a sulfur compound introduced to at least a part of an outside surface and an inside of the carbonized metal-organic framework, wherein the carbonized metal-organic framework has a specific surface area of 1000 m2/g to 1500 m2/g, and the carbonized metal-organic framework has a pore volume of 0.1 cc/g to 10 cc/g, and a method for preparing the same.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a coil component includes: providing multiple metal magnetic grains; preparing a magnetic body paste by mixing the multiple metal magnetic grains, a binder resin containing a resinate having at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, Cr, Mg, Ti, and Zr, and a solvent; forming a compact using the magnetic body paste; heat-treating the compact to form, on surfaces of the metal magnetic grains, bonding parts constituted by an amorphous oxide containing carbon and the at least one element, thereby forming a magnetic base body wherein the multiple metal magnetic grains are bonded via the bonding parts; forming a coil that includes a metal conductor; and forming external electrodes on surfaces of the magnetic base body and connecting end parts of the coil to the external electrodes, respectively.

Abstract: Provided is a positive electrode material that allows reducing the low-temperature resistance of a secondary battery. The positive electrode material of a secondary battery includes positive electrode active material particles each having a void in the interior, and a compound (A) that is present at least within the void. The average diameter of the void is not less than 0.01 ?m and not more than 1 ?m. The compound (A) is a nitrile group-containing polymer, and the proportion of nitrogen atoms, relative to metal atoms included in the positive electrode active material particles, other than lithium, is not less than 1 atom % and not more than 10 atom %; alternatively, the compound (A) is an alkoxysilane compound, and then the proportion of silicon atoms, relative to metal atoms included in the positive electrode active material particles, other than lithium, is not less than 1 atom % and not more than 10 atom %.

Abstract: A method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte, wherein lithium sulfide and a compound represented by the following formula (1) are used as raw materials: PSX3 (1) (wherein, X is an element selected from F, CI, Br and I.).

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention provides an electrolytic solution comprising a compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1 to R3 each independently represent an alkyl group or a fluorine atom, R4 represents an alkylene group, and R5 represents an organic group containing a sulfur atom.

Abstract: The present application provides an electrolyte and a secondary battery comprising the same. The electrolyte is prepared by adding a siloxane compound, a nitrile compound and an electrolyte salt with different contents into an organic solvent.

Abstract: Gel polymer electrolyte compositions including a cross-linked three-dimensional polymer network and an electrolyte composition comprising an electrolyte and water are provided. The gel polymer electrolyte compositions can be included in an aqueous electrochemical cell, in which a gel polymer electrolyte can be positioned between an anode and a cathode. Methods of forming a gel polymer electrolyte in the form of a film are also provided. Methods of forming an aqueous electrochemical cell including a gel polymer electrolyte are also provided.

Abstract: To provide an electrode mixture that suppresses gelling of an electrode mixture slurry and maintains a high binding capacity between an electrode active material and a current collector even after an extended period of time has elapsed since an electrode mixture slurry was produced. The electrode mixture includes: a binder composition—containing a first copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and a polar group-containing compound; and a second copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene—; and an electrode active material of lithium oxide having a pH of water when extracted with water of not less than 10.5.

Abstract: Set forth herein are electrolyte compositions that include both organic and inorganic constituent components and which are suitable for use in rechargeable batteries. Also set forth herein are methods and systems for making and using these composite electrolytes.

Abstract: An example electrolyte includes a solvent, a lithium salt, and an additive selected from the group consisting of a mercaptosilane, a mercaptosiloxane, and combinations thereof. The electrolyte may be used in a method for making a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer on a surface of an electrode. A negative electrode structure may be formed from the method.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrolyte and a lithium-ion battery. The electrolyte comprises: an organic solvent; a lithium salt dissolved in the organic solvent; and an additive. The additive comprises trifluoromethanesulfonate silyl compound, lithium fluorophosphate compound and cyclic phosphonitrile compound. The electrolyte of the present disclosure can significantly decrease the low temperature resistance of the lithium-ion battery, and improve the power performance of the lithium-ion battery, and the electrolyte of present disclosure can also significantly inhibit the gas generation during the cycle process and the storage process of the lithium-ion battery, and significantly improve the cycle performance, the high temperature storage performance and the safety performance of the lithium-ion battery.

Abstract: A method of producing a pre-sulfurized active cathode layer for a rechargeable alkali metal-sulfur cell; the method comprising: (a) Preparing an integral layer of meso-porous structure of a carbon, graphite, metal, or conductive polymer having a specific surface area greater than 100 m2/g; (b) Preparing an electrolyte comprising a solvent and a sulfur source; (c) Preparing an anode; and (d) Bringing the integral layer and the anode in ionic contact with the electrolyte and imposing an electric current between the anode and the integral layer (serving as a cathode) to electrochemically deposit nano-scaled sulfur particles or coating on the graphene surfaces. The sulfur particles or coating have a thickness or diameter smaller than 20 nm (preferably <10 nm, more preferably <5 nm or even <3 nm) and occupy a weight fraction of at least 70% (preferably >90% or even >95%).

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte solution for secondary batteries, which maintains small internal resistance and high electrical capacitance in long-term use in a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery uses, as an active material, a crystalline carbon material having a high crystallinity, and a negative electrode produced using a polymeric carboxylic compound as a binding agent. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution contains: (A) at least one compound selected from a group consisting of an unsaturated phosphate ester compound represented by a general formula (1) and an unsaturated phosphate ester compound represented by a general formula (2); (B) at least one compound selected from a group consisting of a sulfite ester compound, a sulfonate ester compound, an alkali metal imide salt compound, a fluorosilane compound, an organic disilane compound or an organic disiloxane compound; (C) an organic solvent, and (D) an electrolyte salt. A secondary battery using such nonaqueous electrolyte solution is also described.

Abstract: The present invention may improve the lifetime characteristics of a lithium secondary battery, and particularly, may provide a non-aqueous electrolyte solution or cathode including a phosphate-based compound which may exhibit stable and excellent lifetime characteristics at high temperature and high voltage regardless of the moisture content or the presence of a pressing process of the electrode.

Abstract: A class of polymeric phosphorous esters can be used as binders for battery cathodes. Metal salts can be added to the polymers to provide ionic conductivity. The polymeric phosphorous esters can be formulated with other polymers either as mixtures or as copolymers to provide additional desirable properties. Examples of such properties include even higher ionic conductivity and improved mechanical properties. Furthermore, cathodes that include the polymeric phosphorous esters can be assembled with a polymeric electrolyte separator and an anode to form a complete battery.

Abstract: A system and method for stabilizing electrodes against dissolution and/or hydrolysis including use of cosolvents in liquid electrolyte batteries for three purposes: the extension of the calendar and cycle life time of electrodes that are partially soluble in liquid electrolytes, the purpose of limiting the rate of electrolysis of water into hydrogen and oxygen as a side reaction during battery operation, and for the purpose of cost reduction.

Abstract: The electrolyte includes one or more salts and a silane. The silane has a silicon linked to one or more first substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety or a cyclic carbonate moiety. The silane can be linked to four of the first substituents. Alternately, the silane can be linked to the one or more first substituents and one or more second substituents that each exclude both a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and a cyclic carbonate moiety.

Abstract: A negative electrode active material for nonaqueous secondary batteries is disclosed. The active material contains a silicon solid solution having one or more than one of a group 3 semimetal or metal element, a group 4 semimetal or metal element except silicon, and a group 5 nonmetal or semimetal element incorporated in silicon as a solute element. The solute element is present more on the crystal grain boundaries of the silicon solid solution than inside the grains.

Abstract: A battery includes a first conductive substrate portion having a first face, and a second conductive substrate portion having a second face opposed to the first face. Each of the first and second faces has a perimeter portion and an interior portion inside the perimeter portion. A first electrode material of the battery is disposed in contact with the interior portion of at least one of the first and second faces, and a jettable electrolyte material disposed in contact with the first electrode material. A second electrode material is disposed in contact with the electrolyte material, and a conductive tab is disposed in contact with the second electrode material. The conductive tab extends outwardly from the interior region beyond the perimeter portion of at least one of the first and second faces.

Abstract: Provided are a non-aqueous electrolyte liquid for a secondary battery, which has excellent lithium ion conductibility and voltage resistance and is suitably used in a lithium secondary battery, and a high output power lithium secondary battery containing this non-aqueous electrolyte liquid for a secondary battery. Disclosed is a non-aqueous electrolyte liquid for a secondary battery containing a metal salt containing an ion of a metal which belongs to Group 1 or Group 2 of the Periodic Table of Elements, and at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon compounds represented by the following formula (1) or formula (2).

Abstract: An anode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes a silicon alloy that includes silicon and at least one kind of metal other than silicon, the silicon alloy allowing alloying with lithium. A volume of an inactive region in the silicon alloy, which is not reacted with lithium, is 50 to 75% of the entire volume of an active material. The anode active material has a large capacity in comparison to carbon-based anode active materials, and also ensures small volume expansion and high capacity retention ratio after charging/discharging, resulting in excellent cycle characteristics.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell in one embodiment includes a negative electrode including a form of lithium, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, a separator positioned between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and an electrolyte including a load leveling agent in contact with the negative electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an organosilicon polymer, a solid electrolyte comprising the organosilicon polymer, and a corresponding solid-state lithium-ion battery. The organosilicon polymer of the present disclosure is a polymer compound comprising both an inorganic backbone-chain structure and an organic side-chain structure, and has the characteristics of both the organic polymer and the inorganic polymer as well as many unique properties. Therefore, the solid electrolyte formed by the organosilicon polymer and the solid-state lithium-ion battery thereof have many good characteristics including a good lithium-ion-conduction capability, better resistance to high temperatures, a wider range of operating temperatures, and better thermal stability.

Abstract: Provided are an electrolyte comprising an amide compound of a specific structure, in which an alkoxy group is substituted with an amine group, and an ionizable lithium salt, and an electrochemical device containing the same. The electrolyte may have excellent thermal and chemical stability and a wide electrochemical window. Also, the electrolyte may have a sufficiently low viscosity and a high ionic conductivity, and thus, may be usefully applied as an electrolyte of electrochemical devices using various anode materials.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to batteries or other electrochemical devices, and systems and materials for use in these, including novel electrode materials and designs. In some embodiments, the present invention relates to small-scale batteries or microbatteries. For example, in one aspect of the invention, a battery may have a volume of no more than about 5 mm3, while having an energy density of at least about 400 W h/l. In some cases, the battery may include an electrode comprising a porous electroactive compound. In some embodiments, the pores of the porous electrode may be at least partially filled with a liquid such as a liquid electrolyte. The electrode may be formed from a unitary material. Other aspects of the invention are directed to techniques of making such electrodes or batteries, techniques of forming electrical connections to and packaging such batteries, techniques of using such electrodes or batteries, or the like.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a silicon-sulfur polymer, a solid electrolyte comprising the silicon-sulfur polymer, and a corresponding solid-state lithium-ion battery. The silicon-sulfur polymer of the present disclosure is a polymer compound comprising both an inorganic backbone-chain structure and an organic side-chain structure, and has the characteristics of both the organic polymer and the inorganic polymer as well as many unique properties. Therefore, the solid electrolyte formed by the silicon-sulfur polymer and the solid-state lithium-ion battery thereof have many good characteristics including a good lithium-ion-conduction capability, better thermal endurance, a wider range of operating temperatures, and better thermostability.

Abstract: Provided is an anode for use in electrochemical cells, wherein the anode active layer has a first layer comprising lithium metal and a multi-layer structure comprising single ion conducting layers and polymer layers in contact with the first layer comprising lithium metal or in contact with an intermediate protective layer, such as a temporary protective metal layer, on the surface of the lithium-containing first layer. Another aspect of the invention provides an anode active layer formed by the in-situ deposition of lithium vapor and a reactive gas. The anodes of the current invention are particularly useful in electrochemical cells comprising sulfur-containing cathode active materials, such as elemental sulfur.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a sodium-containing particle electrolyte structure. The method provides sodium-containing particles (e.g., NASICON), dispersed in a liquid phase polymer, to form a polymer film with sodium-containing particles distributed in the polymer film. The liquid phase polymer is a result of dissolving the polymer in a solvent or melting the polymer in an extrusion process. In one aspect, the method forms a plurality of polymer film layers, where each polymer film layer includes sodium-containing particles. For example, the plurality of polymer film layers may form a stack having a top layer and a bottom layer, where with percentage of sodium-containing particles in the polymer film layers increasing from the bottom layer to the top layer. In another aspect, the sodium-containing particles are coated with a dopant. A sodium-containing particle electrolyte structure and a battery made using the sodium-containing particle electrolyte structure are also presented.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated electrode assembly having a structure in which a cathode, an anode, and a separation layer disposed between the cathode and the anode are integrated with one another, wherein the separation layer has a multilayer structure including at least one two-phase electrolyte including a liquid phase component and a polymer matrix and at least one three-phase electrolyte including a liquid phase component, a solid component, and a polymer matrix, wherein the polymer matrices of the separation layer are coupled to the cathode or the anode and the liquid phase components of the separation layer are partially introduced into an electrode in a process of manufacturing the electrode assembly.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a silicon-sulfur polymer, a solid electrolyte comprising the silicon-sulfur polymer, and a corresponding solid-state lithium-ion battery. The silicon-sulfur polymer of the present disclosure is a polymer compound comprising both an inorganic backbone-chain structure and an organic side-chain structure, and has the characteristics of both the organic polymer and the inorganic polymer as well as many unique properties. Therefore, the solid electrolyte formed by the silicon-sulfur polymer and the solid-state lithium-ion battery thereof have many good characteristics including a good lithium-ion-conduction capability, better thermal endurance, a wider range of operating temperatures, and better thermostability.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an organosilicon polymer, a solid electrolyte comprising the organosilicon polymer, and a corresponding solid-state lithium-ion battery. The organosilicon polymer of the present disclosure is a polymer compound comprising both an inorganic backbone-chain structure and an organic side-chain structure, and has the characteristics of both the organic polymer and the inorganic polymer as well as many unique properties. Therefore, the solid electrolyte formed by the organosilicon polymer and the solid-state lithium-ion battery thereof have many good characteristics including a good lithium-ion-conduction capability, better resistance to high temperatures, a wider range of operating temperatures, and better thermal stability.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte for an electrochemical device includes a composite of a plastic crystal matrix electrolyte doped with an ionic salt and a crosslinked polymer structure having a linear polymer as a side chain chemically bonded thereto. The linear polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 100 to 5,000 and one functional group. The electrolyte has high ionic conductivity comparable to that of a liquid electrolyte due to the use of the plastic crystal, and high mechanical strength comparable to that of a solid electrolyte due to the introduction of the crosslinked polymer structure. A method for preparing the solid electrolyte does not essentially require the use of a solvent, eliminating the need for drying. The electrolyte is suitable for use in a cable-type battery whose shape is easy to change due to its high ionic conductivity and high mechanical strength comparable to that of a solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery is provided, including: a positive electrode and a negative electrode into which, and from which, lithium ions can be introduced and be discharged reversibly, and an electrolyte membrane placed therebetween, wherein the electrolyte membrane is obtained using an electrolyte made by blending (A) a polyanion type lithium salt, (B) a boron compound, and (C) an organic solvent.

Abstract: A battery capable of improving the storage characteristics and the cycle characteristics is provided. The battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution is impregnated in a separator provided between the cathode and the anode. A solvent of the electrolytic solution contains a given sulfone compound such as bis(trimethylsilyl)methanedisulfonate. Compared to a case that a solvent contains other sulfone compound such as bis(methyl)methanedisulfonate, the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is improved, and the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is prevented.

Abstract: A copolymer suitable for use in forming a solid polymer electrolyte film comprising a first monomer represented by Formula (1): wherein n is 2 to 1,000; m is 2 to 1,000; x and y are individually 1 to 100; p is 0 to 10; and q is 1 to 10, R1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and A is an alkyl acryloyl group an acryloyl group, alkyl acryloyl group, methacryloyl group, alkyl methacryloyl group, a vinyl group, an allyl group, a styryl group, or a combination of two or more thereof; and a second monomer chosen from a hydroxyl-substituted alkyl acrylate, a hydroxyl-substituted alkyl methacrylate, or a combination of two or more thereof. The copolymer may be used to form a solid polymer electrolyte composition comprising (i) the copolymer, (ii) a plasticizer, and (iii) a salt. The solid polymer electrolyte may be used to form a solid polymer electrolyte film, which may be suitable for use in electrochemical devices.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte includes a sulfide-based electrolyte and a coating film including a water-resistant, lithium conductive polymer on a surface of the sulfide-based electrolyte, a method of preparing the solid electrolyte, and a lithium battery including the solid electrolyte.

Abstract: An electrode which can be used in a fuel cell having improved power generation performance and high durability, and a fuel cell having such an electrode, are provided. An electrode having catalyst layers arranged on both surfaces of an electrolyte membrane, wherein the electrode is characterized in that an electrode binder used for constituting the catalyst layers contains a cross-linked compound (X) having a silicon-oxygen bond, a polymer material (Y) containing an acid group, and an aqueous dispersion (Z) containing a thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: Disclosed are a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery comprises a silicon-based compound represented by a specific chemical formula and having both a hydroxyl group and a hydrocarbon group having a carbon-carbon double bond. When it is applied to a lithium secondary battery, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution improves deterioration of cycle life characteristics occurring after repeated charge/discharge cycles and prevents swelling phenomena by suppressing a decomposition reaction of an electrolyte solution even when a battery in a fully charged state is stored at high temperature or is charged/discharged, thereby enhancing the life characteristics at high temperature.

Abstract: An additive for an electrolyte of a lithium secondary battery, the additive including a polysiloxane-based compound represented by Formula 1 below: In formula 1 R1, R2, R3, A1, A2, l, m, n, o and p are as described in the detailed description of the present invention.

Abstract: A battery is disclosed. The battery includes an electrolyte activating one or more anodes and one or more cathodes. The electrolyte includes one or more salts dissolved in a solvent. The solvent includes one or more first siloxanes and/or one or more first silanes. Each of the first siloxanes and/or first silanes have one or more first substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. The solvent also includes one or more second siloxanes and/or one or more second silanes. Each of the second siloxanes and/or second silanes have one or more second substituents that each include a carbonate moiety.

Abstract: A proton-conducting electrolyte membrane containing a porous inorganic substrate, a porous portion of the porous inorganic substrate being filled with a proton-conducting polymer, wherein the proton-conducting polymer is a co-polymer of: (i) a monomer compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond and a sulphonic acid group in the molecule; and (ii) a silyl compound represented by Formula (1): (R1O)n—Si—R2m??Formula (1) wherein R1 is an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R2 is an organic group capable of co-polymerizing; m and n each are an integer of 1 to 3, with the proviso that m plus n equals 4; and R2 may be the same or different when m is 2 or 3.

Abstract: Li-based anodes for use in an electric current producing cells having long life time and high capacity are provided. In certain embodiments, the Li-based anode comprises at least one anode active Li-containing compound and a composition comprising at least one polymer, at least one ionic liquid, and optionally at least one lithium salt. The composition may be located between the at least one Li-containing compound and the catholyte used in the electric current producing cell. In some embodiments, the at least one polymer may be incompatible with the catholyte. This configuration of components may lead to separation between the lithium active material of the anode and the catholyte. Processes for preparing the Li-based anode and to electric current producing cells comprising such an anode are also provided.

Abstract: Spiro ammonium salts as an additive for electrolytes in electric current producing cells, in particular electric current producing cells comprising a Li-based anode, are provided. In some embodiments, the electric current producing cell comprises a cathode, a Li-based anode, and at least one electrolyte wherein the electrolyte contains at least one spiro ammonium salt.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a step of imparting lithium to a precursor of the negative electrode capable of storing and releasing lithium, by a film forming method in a dry process. In this step, the precursor is brought into contact with a measuring terminal having a non-aqueous electrolyte and a counter electrode. The amount of lithium stored in the precursor is calculated from an open circuit potential of the precursor with respect to the counter electrode. Further, according to the calculated amount of stored lithium, the amount of lithium to be imparted to the precursor is controlled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cyclic siloxane-based compound and a solid polymer electrolyte composition containing the same as a crosslinking agent. The cyclic siloxane-based compound having a novel structure in which polyalkylene oxide acrylate groups are introduced into a cyclic siloxane compound and a solid polymer electrolyte composition containing the cyclic siloxane-based compound as a crosslinking agent along with other electrolyte components such as a plasticizer, lithium salt and a curing initiator. Since the solid polymer electrolyte composition of the present invention improves ion conductivity and electrochemical stability at room temperature, it can be useful as polymer electrolyte for electrolyte films, small-sized to high-capacity lithium-polymer secondary batteries, etc. Also, physical properties of the polymer electrolyte can be controlled easily by controlling the length of the polyalkylene oxide group in the cyclic siloxane-based crosslinking agent.

Abstract: Provided are an electrolyte comprising an amide compound of a specific structure, in which an alkoxy group is substituted with an amine group, and an ionizable lithium salt, and an electrochemical device containing the same. The electrolyte may have excellent thermal and chemical stability and a wide electrochemical window. Also, the electrolyte may have a sufficiently low viscosity and a high ionic conductivity, and thus, may be usefully applied as an electrolyte of electrochemical devices using various anode materials.

Abstract: Polymer electrolytes offer increased safety and stability as compared to liquid electrolytes, yet there are a number of new challenges that polymer electrolytes introduce. A polymer electrolyte, as disclosed herein, is a block copolymer that has a block that provides mechanical strength and a novel, ionically-conductive polymer block with a backbone that is both highly flexible and highly conductive with high conductivity pendant chains attached, thus increasing the concentration of lithium coordination sites and improving ionic conductivity. Previous strategies for comb-type conductive polymers have focused on attaching either conductive pendant chains to a flexible non-conductive backbone or conductive pendant groups to a marginally flexible conductive backbone.

Abstract: Polymer electrolytes offer increased safety and stability as compared to liquid electrolytes, yet there are a number of new challenges that polymer electrolytes introduce. A novel polymer electrolyte, as disclosed herein, is an ionically-conductive polymer with a backbone that is both highly flexible and highly conductive with high conductivity pendant chains attached, thus increasing the concentration of lithium coordination sites and improving ionic conductivity. Previous strategies for comb-type conductive polymers have focused on attaching either conductive pendant chains to a flexible non-conductive backbone or conductive pendant groups to a marginally flexible conductive backbone.

Abstract: One example of the disiloxanes include a backbone with a first silicon and a second silicon. The first silicon is linked to a first substituent selected from a group consisting of: a first side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety; a first side chain that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety; and a first cross link links the disiloxane to a second siloxane and that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. In some instance, the second silicon is linked to a second substituent selected from a group consisting of: a second side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety, and a second side chain that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.

Abstract: The electrolyte includes one or more salts and a silane. The silane has a silicon linked to one or more first substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety or a cyclic carbonate moiety. The silane can be linked to four of the first substituents. Alternately, the silane can be linked to the one or more first substituents and one or more second substituents that each exclude both a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and a cyclic carbonate moiety.