Abstract: The present invention relates to lithium fluoroalkylphosphates, a process for preparing them and their use as electrolyte salts in batteries, capacitors, supercapacitors and electrolytic cells.

Abstract: A lithium-ion-conductive solid electrolyte includes a lithium-ion-conductive substance expressed by a general formula Li2S-GeS2-X wherein “X” is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Ga2S3 and ZnS, or Li2S-SiS2-P2S5. It is superb in terms of stability and safety at elevated temperatures, since it is a crystalline solid of high ion conductivity. It can be applied to a solid electrolyte for lithium batteries.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochemical device having a shuttle-type redox mechanism for overcharge protection in which the redox reaction is “tuned” with a tuning agent to adjust the potential at which the redox reaction occurs. Such device may be characterized as including the following elements: (1) a negative electrode (e.g., lithium); (2) a positive electrode containing one or more intermediate species (e.g., polysulfides) which are oxidized to one more oxidized species during overcharge; and (3) a tuning species (e.g., an organosulfur compound) which adjusts the rate at which the oxidized species are reduced and thereby adjusts the voltage at which overcharge protection is provided. The oxidized species produced during overcharge move to the negative electrode where they are reduced back to said intermediate species as in a normal redox shuttle. However, the oxidized species react more rapidly than the intermediate species at the negative electrode.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery or cell is disclosed in which the electrode active material consists of at least one nonmetallic compound or salt of the electropositive species on which the cell is based, and the electrolyte or electrolyte solvent consists predominantly of a halogen-bearing or chalcogen-bearing covalent compound such as SOCl2 or SO2Cl2. Also disclosed are cell component materials which include electrodes that consist primarily of salts of the cell electropositive species and chemically compatible electrolytes. These latter electrolytes include several newly discovered ambient temperature molten salt systems based on the AlCl3—PCl5 binary and the AlCl3—PCl5—PCl3 ternaries.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, nonaqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one phosphate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and an alkyl phosphate additive.

Abstract: A thiophosphate flame retardant represented by (R.sub.1 S).sub.3 P.dbd.O, wherein R.sub.1 is aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl, is added to a non-aqueous solvent to the extent of approximately 1/10-1/100 of a carbonate type solvent which is the main component of an electrolyte, to provide a lithium ion secondary cell solvent offering improved fire-retarding properties without much change of electrolyte composition. In this way, the boiling point can be raised and flame retarding properties can be conferred with almost no increase in the viscosity of the electrolyte.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, nonaqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one organic sulfate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and a dialkyl sulfate additive.

Abstract: The instant invention is an electrolyte additive for use with lead acid batteries containing antimony. The electrolyte additive consists of a mixture of natural oil such as white mineral oil or a hydro cracked and treated oil with naphthenic oil, a zinc free rust and oxidation inhibitor and an ethylene-propylene copolymer. The electrolyte additive is placed above the plate cells in lead acid batteries having antimony to inhibit gassing and misting with an ancillary benefit of increasing performance and durability of the battery.