Abstract: An acid-type sulfonic acid group-containing polymer containing perfluoromonomer units, no monomer units having a halogen atom other than a fluorine atom, and acid type sulfonic acid groups, whose hydrogen gas permeability coefficient under the conditions of a temperature of 80° C. and a relative humidity of 10% is at most 2.5×10?9 cm3·cm/(s·cm2·cmHg), and whose mass reduction rate when immersed in hot water at 120° C. for 24 hours is at most 15 mass %. Liquid composition, membrane electrode assembly, polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and ion exchange membrane utilizing the acid-type sulfonic acid group-containing polymer.

Abstract: Electrolytes and electrolyte additives for energy storage devices comprising sulfonate or carboxylate salt based compounds are disclosed. The energy storage device comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a Si-based electrode, a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electrolyte comprising at least two electrolyte co-solvents, wherein at least one electrolyte co-solvent comprises a sulfonate or carboxylate salt based compound.

Abstract: A unit cell of a fuel cell includes: an insert including a membrane electrode assembly and a gas diffusion layer; a foamed body disposed on an outer side surface of the insert; and a frame covering an outer side surface of the foamed body such that a polymer resin is injected to the outer side surface of the foamed body while the polymer resin partly penetrates into the foamed body.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon proton exchange membranes are disclosed that are composed of a material including a hydrophobic main chain, and acidic side chains. The main chain includes a polyaryl structure that is substantially free of ether linkages and also includes a fluoromethyl substituted carbon. The acidic side chains include a hydrocarbon tether terminated by a strongly acidic group, such as a fluoroalkyl sulfonate group. Chemical stability of the material is increased by removing the ether linkages from the main chain. The hydrophobic main chain and substantially hydrophilic side chains create a phase-separated morphology that affords enhanced transport of protons and water across the membrane even at low relative humidity levels. These materials are advantageous as membranes for use in fuel cells, redox flow batteries, water hydrolysis systems, sensors, electrochemical hydrogen compressors, actuators, water purifiers, gas separators, etc.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution for a lithium-ion battery is provided. The electrolyte solution contains at least a solvent and a lithium salt. The lithium salt is dissolved in the solvent. The solvent contains acetic anhydride at a concentration not lower than 80 vol %.

Abstract: A resin frame member is produced by using a method of producing a resin frame member for a fuel cell. An inner peripheral end of the resin frame member includes an inclined surface formed over the entire periphery thereof. The inclined surface is inclined inward from one surface of the resin frame member toward the other surface of the resin frame member. The width of the inclined surface is gradually reduced from the center toward both ends of each side part of the inner peripheral end in a direction in which the side part of the inner peripheral end extends.

Abstract: Disclosed are redox flow battery membranes, redox flow batteries incorporating the membranes, and methods of forming the membranes. The membranes include a densified polybenzimidazole gel membrane that is capable of incorporating a high liquid content without loss of structure that is formed according to a process that includes in situ hydrolysis of a polyphosphoric acid solvent followed by densification of the gel membrane. The densified membranes are then imbibed with a redox flow battery supporting electrolyte such as sulfuric acid and can operate at very high ionic conductivities of about 50 mS/cm or greater and with low permeability of redox couple ions, e.g. vanadium ions, of about 10?7 cm2/s or less. Redox flow batteries incorporating the membranes can operate at current densities of about 50 mA/cm2 or greater.

Abstract: Disclosed are a membrane-electrode assembly and a method for manufacturing the same. The membrane-electrode assembly has durability and proton conductivity which are improved by employing an ion conductive polymer having improved chemical durability and ion conductivity.

Abstract: Methods for preserving catalytic activity of a PSA polymer membrane in a humid environment by immobilizing in the membrane an organic acid having a pKa greater than the pKa of the PSA polymer membrane; optical sensors based on the PSA membranes further including an immobilized organic reagent capable of reacting with a target compound in a humid environment to produce a detectable color shifted product; and non-invasive methods for estimating blood glucose concentration by utilizing an optical sensor to detect concentration of acetone in exhaled human breath and correlating it to blood glucose concentration.

Abstract: A catalyst complex for fuel cells and a method for manufacturing an electrode including the same are disclosed. The catalyst complex for fuel cells, which is included in an electrode for fuel cells, includes a first catalyst configured to cause hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and a second catalyst configured to cause water electrolysis reaction, i.e., oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The outer surface of the first catalyst is coated with a first ionomer binder, the outer surface of the second catalyst is coated with a second ionomer binder, and an equivalent weight (EW) of the second ionomer binder differs from an equivalent weight (EW) of the first ionomer binder.

Abstract: An anticorrosive, conductive material includes a first oxide having oxygen vacancies and a formula (I): MgTi2O5-? (I), where ? is any number between 0 and 3 optionally including a fractional part denoting the oxygen vacancies; and a second oxide having a formula (II): TiaOb (II), where 1<=a<=20 and 1<=b<=30, optionally including a fractional part, the first and second oxides of formulas (I) and (II) forming a polycrystalline matrix.

Abstract: Water electrolyzer comprising a membrane having first and second opposed major surfaces, a thickness extending between the first and second major surfaces, and first, second, and third regions equally spaced across the thickness, wherein the first region is the closest region to the first major surface, wherein the second region is the closest region to the second major surface, wherein the third region is located between the first and second regions, wherein the first and third regions are each essentially free of both metallic Pt and Pt oxide, and wherein the second region comprises at least one of metallic Pt or Pt oxide; a cathode comprising a first catalyst on the first major surface of the membrane; and an anode comprising a second catalyst on the second major surface of the membrane.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are electrolytes comprising a cationic-functionalized polymer and a polyacid dopant. Also disclosed herein are methods of making and using the disclosed doped polymer electrolytes.

Abstract: The invention provides noble metal-free electro-catalyst compositions for use in acidic media, e.g., acidic electrolyte. The noble metal-free electro-catalyst compositions include non-noble metal absent of noble metal. The non-noble metal is non-noble metal oxide, and typically in the form of any configuration of a solid or hollow nano-material, e.g., nano-particles, a nanocrystalline thin film, nanorods, nanoshells, nanoflakes, nanotubes, nanoplates, nanospheres and nanowhiskers or combinations of myriad nanoscale architecture embodiments. Optionally, the noble metal-free electro-catalyst compositions include dopant, such as, but not limited to halogen. Acidic media includes oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, and direct methanol fuel cells and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in PEM-based water electrolysis and metal air batteries, and hydrogen generation from solar energy and electricity-driven water splitting.

Abstract: A separator assembly for a fuel cell includes a first separator, a second separator, and a joined portion. In the joined portion, the first separator and the second separator are joined to each other through laser welding. The first separator includes a first surface that is intended to be opposed to the membrane electrode assembly. The first surface of the first separator includes an exposed portion where the base of the first separator is exposed. The second separator includes a second surface that is intended to be opposed to the membrane electrode assembly. A film including conductive particles is arranged on the entire second surface of the second separator. The joined portion is formed by irradiating the exposed portion of the first separator with laser.

Abstract: A redox flow battery where the negative electrode uses carbon dioxide based redox couples. The negative electrode contains a bifunctional catalyst that allows for the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbonaceous species (e.g., formic acid, oxalic acid or their salts) in the battery charge (i.e., energy storage) mode, and for the oxidation of the above-mentioned carbonaceous species in the battery discharge (i.e., energy generation) mode. The positive electrode of the battery can utilize a variety of redox couples including but not restricted to bromine-bromide, chlorine-chloride, vanadium (IV)-vanadium (V), chromium (III)-dichromate (VII), cerium (III)-cerium (IV), oxygen-water (or hydroxide).

Abstract: A method for generating energy in mobile applications, such as water vehicles, wherein hydrogen is produced by at least partially dehydrogenating a hydrogenated liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) in a chemical reactor, where electricity and water are generated in at least one fuel cell and heat for the chemical reactor is generated in a heating device from the produced hydrogen, and where the hydrogen produced by the chemical reactor is first conducted through the at least one fuel cell and then supplied to the heating device, such that the at least one fuel cell can therefore be operated under partial load and thus with better efficiency than if the hydrogen for the heating device is branched off before the fuel cell.

Abstract: Provided are an proton conducting polymer electrolyte membrane and a manufacturing method thereof which control the proton conducting nanochannel size and proton conductivity by phase separation improvement of a polar aprotic solvent in casting the proton conducting polymer electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: A platinum core-shell catalyst that uses palladium (Pd) as a core metal, or a platinum catalyst containing platinum and a metal besides platinum is manufactured industrially on a mass scale. The platinum catalyst is supported on carbon and has excellent oxygen reduction activity. The platinum catalyst is made for a fuel cell by bringing about the presence of a chemical species imparting higher potential than the initial oxide formation potential of the platinum of the platinum catalyst, and by bringing about the presence of a chemical species imparting lower potential than the initial oxide formation potential of the platinum of the platinum catalyst. The manufacture is carried out in a dispersion solution of the platinum catalyst dispersed in an acidic solution containing protons.

Abstract: A photocurable resin composition for a self-lubricating liner contains a (meth)acrylate compound having an isocyanuric acid ring, a polytetrafluoroethylene resin and at least one of zirconium phosphate tungstate and zirconium phosphate.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a fluorine-based compound for a brancher, a polymer using the same, a polymer electrolyte membrane using the same, a fuel cell using the same, and a redox flow battery including the same.

Abstract: The present application relates to an ion transport material, an electrolyte membrane including the same, and a method for manufacturing the same, and more specifically, provides an ion transport material in which inorganic particles are dispersed in a sulfonate group-containing partially fluorine-based polymer, an electrolyte membrane including the same, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of producing an sp3 bonded C3N4 product includes contacting a starting material with a catalyst solvent in a reaction vessel, heating the reaction vessel to a temperature of 900° to 2000° C. under a pressure of 4 to 8 GPa, melting at least some of the catalyst solvent, and transforming at least some of the sp2 bonded C3N4 into sp3 hybridized C3N4. The starting material may include sp2 bonded C3N4. The catalyst solvent may be a solid at room temperature. In one example, the catalyst solvent is a carbo-nitride based catalyst solvent including a first compound having the chemical formula AxByNz and a second compound having the chemical formula DqErCs. In a second example, the catalyst solvent is a metal alloy based catalyst solvent including a compound having the chemical formula GxHy.

Abstract: An ion-permeable membrane is substantially free of holes and has excellent ion permeability, heat resistance, strength, and flexibility, and can form a battery electrolyte membrane that uses the ion-permeable membrane, and an electrode composite. The polymer-ion-permeable membrane has a per-unit-thickness puncture strength of 0.3-3.0 N/?m and a membrane resistance of 3.0-100.0 ?·cm2 at 25° C.

Abstract: An assembly of a porous gas-evolving electrode and a porous separator diaphragm, suitable for use in a water electrolyzer operating with an alkaline electrolyte is disclosed. A water electrolyzer having the gas-evolving electrode component of the assembly arranged as the cathode allows manufacturing hydrogen with a purity exceeding 99.8%.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte composition has excellent practicality and excellent chemical stability as to be able to withstand a strong oxidizing atmosphere during fuel cell operation and is able to achieve excellent proton conductivity under a low-humidified condition and excellent mechanical strength and physical durability, and a polymer electrolyte membrane, a membrane-electrode assembly, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell produced therefrom. The polymer electrolyte composition includes an ionic group-containing polymer (A), an azole ring-containing compound (B), and a transition metal-containing additive (C), the transition metal being one or more selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, and gold.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a non-woven fabric made from a fiber coated with a binder polymer by spinning a non-woven forming fiber in an organic binder polymer compound solution, an electrochemical cell using the non-woven fabric as a separator substrate, and a method of making the non-woven fabric, and the non-woven fabric has a pore diameter in a range of 0.001 to 10 ?m, thereby providing a mechanical property required for a separator while ensuring a favorable movement of a lithium ion, and in the use of the non-woven fabric as a separator of an electrochemical cell, eliminating a need for a process of applying a separate adhesive layer, resulting in an effect of simplifying a separator manufacturing process.

Abstract: A compound having the formula: wherein n, y, R1 and R2 are defined herein, and others, methods of making of and using, and compositions made thereby which have an antimicrobial resistance effect are described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is co-ABPBI membranes comprising co-ABPBI of formula (I), Invention discloses a sol gel process for the synthesis of membranes comprising co-ABPBI of formula (I).

Abstract: In certain aspects, the disclosure provides methods for producing polymers from alkenone-producing algae, such as algae species of the Isochrysis family.

Abstract: Provided are a curable composition including a compound expressed by General Formula (1) below; a polymerization initiator; and a chain transfer agent, and a cured polymer product. In General Formula (1), m represents an integer of 1 to 4, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4. Here, a sum of m and n is not greater than 5. MA represents a hydrogen ion, an inorganic ion, or an organic ion. Here, an inorganic ion and an organic ion may be bivalent or higher ions. Each of R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a catalyst-supporting substrate comprises a substrate and a catalyst layer including a plurality of pores, the catalyst layer being supported on the substrate. The average diameter of the section of the pore when the catalyst is cut in the thickness direction of the thickness is 5 nm to 400 nm, and the long-side to short-side ratio of the pore on the section is 1:1 to 10:1 in average.

Abstract: A method for producing a negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary battery which includes: pressing a mixed liquid comprising particles (B) containing an element capable of occluding/releasing lithium ions, carbon nanotubes (C) of which not less than 95% by number have a fiber diameter of not less than 5 nm and not more than 40 nm, and water into a pulverizing nozzle of a high-pressure dispersing device to obtain a paste or slurry; drying the paste or slurry into a powder; and mixing the powder and carbon particles (A). A negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary battery including carbon particles (A); and flocculates in which particles (B) containing an element capable of occluding/releasing lithium ions and carbon nanotubes (C) of which not less than 95% by number has a fiber diameter of not less than 5 nm and not more than 40 nm are uniformly composited.

Abstract: Provided are: a practically excellent polymer electrolyte composition having excellent chemical stability of being resistant to strong oxidizing atmosphere during operation of fuel cell, and achieving excellent proton conductivity under low-humidification conditions, excellent mechanical strength and physical durability; a polymer electrolyte membrane, a membrane electrode assembly, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell each using the same. The polymer electrolyte composition of the present invention comprises at least an ionic group-containing polymer (A) and a phosphorus-containing additive (B), the phosphorus-containing additive (B) being at least one of a phosphine compound and a phosphinite compound. The polymer electrolyte membrane, the membrane electrode assembly, and the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention are structured by the polymer electrolyte composition.

Abstract: Techniques and implementations pertaining to an integrated gas diffusion layer with a sealing function are described. A method for making the integrated gas diffusion layer with the sealing function may involve placing a gas diffusion member inside a mold followed by injecting a sealing material into the mold. The method may also involve having the sealing material substantially covers a peripheral portion of the gas diffusion member and at least partially penetrates into a peripheral portion of the gas diffusion member. The method may further involve curing the sealing material to form a sealing member having a lip ring. A height of a portion of the mold corresponding to a non-lip ring portion of the sealing member is less than or equal to a thickness of the gas diffusion member.

Abstract: An ionic liquid having high electrochemical stability and a low melting point. An ionic liquid represented by the following general formula (G0) is provided. In the general formula (G0), R0 to R5 are individually any of an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a methoxy group, a methoxymethyl group, a methoxyethyl group, and a hydrogen atom, and A? is a univalent imide-based anion, a univalent methide-based anion, a perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid anion, tetrafluoroborate, or hexafluorophosphate.

Abstract: Electrocatalysts for the anode electro-oxidation of formic acid in direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs). The Pd-, Pt- or PdPt-based electrocatalysts contain WO3-modified ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) as support material. Compositions and ratios of Pd:Pt in the electrocatalysts as well as methods of preparing and characterizing the catalysts and the WO3-OMC support material.

Abstract: Disclosed are a polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cells and a membrane electrode assembly and fuel cell including the same. The polymer electrolyte membrane includes a fluorine-based cation exchange resin having proton conductivity and fibrous nanoparticles having a hydrophilic group. By using the fluorine-based cation exchange resin having proton conductivity and the fibrous nanoparticles having a hydrophilic group in combination, performance of a fuel cell including the polymer electrolyte membrane is not deteriorated and the polymer electrolyte membrane prevents gases from permeating thereinto and has enhanced durability for extended use. A fuel cell including the above-described polymer electrolyte membrane is provided.

Abstract: Provision of, and a method for production of, a polymer electrolyte membrane, which is characterized by introducing a vinyl monomer into an aromatic polymer membrane substrate, typified by polyether ether ketone, polyether imide, or polysulfone, as graft chains by graft polymerization, and then chemically converting some of the graft chains or/and part of the aromatic polymer chain into sulfonic groups.

Abstract: A method of making an ion conducting membrane includes a step of reacting a compound having formula 1 with a polymer having polymer segment 2: to form a copolymer having polymer segment 2 and polymer segment 3: and The copolymer having polymer segment 2 and polymer segment 3 are then formed into an ion conducting membrane, wherein Z is a C6-80 aliphatic, polyether, or perfluoropolyether; Y is a divalent linking group; E0 is a hydrocarbon-containing moiety; Q1 is a perfluorocyclobutyl moiety; P1, P2 are each independently absent, —O—, —S—, —SO—, —CO—, —SO2—, —NH—, NR2—, or —R3—; R2 is C1-25 alkyl, C1-25 aryl or C1-25 arylene; and R3 is C1-25 alkylene, C1-25 perfluoroalkylene, perfluoroalkyl ether, alkylether, or C1-25 arylene.

Abstract: The electrolytic production of high purity hydrogen and oxygen may include regulating gas pressure in the cathode and anode compartments of the electrolysis apparatus. The supply of water to the apparatus may be through at least one opening on the surface of the apparatus. High pressure hydrogen and oxygen gas may be produced without subjecting the electrolysis apparatus to large pressure differences between the interior and exterior of the apparatus. This may be accomplished by substantially immersing the entire electrolysis apparatus in a high pressure fluid thus making the interior and exterior pressures of the apparatus substantially equal. Two example structures for accomplishing this goal are disclosed. First, the apparatus may be placed in and encapsulated by a fluid-containing vessel that is itself pressurized. Second, the apparatus may be immersed in a deep water environment.

Abstract: An electrolyte membrane 5, 5a having different EW values in different regions provides durability comparable to that of an electrolyte membrane made of a single type of ion exchange resin (i.e., an electrolyte membrane having the same EW value in its entire regions). A process for manufacturing such electrolyte membrane is also provided. Two or more kinds of ion exchange resin membranes 1 and 2 having different EW values are disposed such that their edges overlap upon each other and are then placed on a lower die 11 of a hot press 10. An upper die 12 is moved closer to the lower die 11 to press the ion exchange resin membranes 1 and 2 while at least their overlapping region 3 is heated, whereby in the overlapping region 3 the respective ion exchange resins are fused and mixed integrally. The adjacent ion exchange resin membranes are thus integrally bonded to each other in a stable manner, thus forming an electrolyte membrane 5.

Abstract: The present invention disclosed herein is directed to nitric acid regeneration fuel cell systems that comprise: an anode; a cathode confronting and spaced apart from the anode; an anolyte flowstream configured to flowingly contact the anode, wherein the anolyte flowstream includes a fuel, preferably methanol, for reacting at the anode; a catholyte flowstream configured to flowingly contact the cathode, wherein the catholyte flowstream includes nitric acid for reacting at the cathode to thereby yield cathode reaction products that include nitric oxide and water in a catholyte effluent flowstream; and a hydrogen peroxide flowstream configured to contact and react hydrogen peroxide with the nitric oxide of the catholyte effluent flowstream at a hydrogen peroxide oxidation zone to thereby yield a regenerated nitric acid flowstream. The regenerated nitric acid flowstream is preferably reused in the catholyte flowstream.

Abstract: The present invention includes a catalyst for a fuel cell which contains a transition element core, and a surface layer that contains at least one selected from the group including platinum, a platinum-transition element alloy, and a combination thereof, and that exists on the surface of the core. The catalyst being prepared without a surfactant.

Abstract: A catalyst material comprising an electrically conducting support material, a proton-conducting, acid-doped polymer based on a polyazole salt, and a catalytically active material. A process for preparing the catalyst material. A catalyst material prepared by the process of the invention. A catalyst ink comprising the catalyst material of the invention and a solvent. A catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) comprising a polymer electrolyte membrane and also catalytically active layers comprising a catalyst material of the present invention. A gas diffusion electrode (GDE) comprising a gas diffusion layer and a catalytically active layer comprising a catalyst material of the invention. A membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) comprising a polymer electrolyte membrane, catalytically active layers comprising a catalyst material of the invention, and gas diffusion layers. And a fuel cell comprising a membrane-electrode assembly of the present invention.

Abstract: Method of making a membrane electrode assembly comprising: providing a membrane comprising a perfluorinated sulfonic acid; providing a first transfer substrate; applying to a surface of the first transfer substrate a first ink, said first ink comprising an ionomer and a catalyst; applying to the first ink a suitable non-aqueous swelling agent; forming an assembly comprising: the membrane; and the first transfer substrate, wherein the surface of the first transfer substrate comprising the first ink and the non-aqueous swelling agent is disposed upon one surface of the membrane; and heating the assembly at a temperature of 150° C. or less and at a pressure of from about 250 kPa to about 3000 kPa or less for a time suitable to allow substantially complete transfer of the first ink and the second ink to the membrane; and cooling the assembly to room temperature and removing the first transfer substrate and the second transfer substrate.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes an ion conducting membrane having a first side and a second side. Characteristically, the ion conducting membrane has a sufficient amount of a stabilization agent and platinum to inhibit the loss of fluoride from the ion conducting membrane when compared to an ion conducting membrane having the same construction except for the presence of cerium ions.

Abstract: A multilayer polyelectrolyte membrane for fuel cell applications includes a first perfluorocyclobutyl-containing layer that includes a polymer having perfluorocyclobutyl moieties. The first layer is characteristically planar having a first major side and a second major side over which additional layers are disposed. The membrane also includes a first PFSA layer disposed over the first major side of the first layer and a second PFSA layer disposed over the second major side of the first layer.

Abstract: A multilayered membrane for use with fuel cells and related applications. The multilayered membrane includes a carrier film, at least one layer of an undoped conductive polymer electrolyte material applied onto the carrier film, and at least one layer of a conductive polymer electrolyte material applied onto the adjacent layer of polymer electrolyte material. Each layer of conductive polymer electrolyte material is doped with a plurality of nanoparticles. Each layer of undoped electrolyte material and doped electrolyte material may be applied in an alternating configuration, or alternatively, adjacent layers of doped conductive polymer electrolyte material is employed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a perfluorinated ion exchange resin, whose structural formula is shown in formula M. The present invention also provides preparation method of the perfluorinated ion exchange resin, comprising subjecting tetrafluoroethylene monomers and two kinds of sulfonyl fluoride-containing vinyl ether monomers in the presence of initiator to ternary copolymerization. The perfluorinated ion exchange resin provided in accordance with the present invention can fulfill the requirements of mechanical strength and ion exchange capacity at the same time and has good thermal stability.