Abstract: A breather assembly having an outer housing, an insert in the upper portion of the housing, a porous metal disc adjacent the insert, a plurality of glass beads adjacent the disc, a spacer cup adjacent the beads and a washer acting as a plug adjacent the spacer cup. The housing has an upper closed end and a lower open end, the washer being press fitted into the open end to retain the cup, beads, disc and insert. There are two oppositely disposed openings in the housing which directly communicate to abutting converging openings in the spacer. The junction of the narrow end of the converging openings communicate with a central vertical opening, a space between the insert and the housing, a recess in the insert, another vertical opening in the insert which is spaced from the first vertical opening. The bottom end of the spaced vertical opening communicates with the porous metal disc.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a wet, multicell, lead-acid electric storage battery comprising a venting system having vent plugs comprising an inventive sealing arrangement. Specifically, the vent plugs provide a seal to be molded onto the vent body as a permanently attached feature. The present invention consequently eliminates the need to separately manufacture and apply a gasket to a vent body, thus reducing manufacturing costs and greatly improving reliability and safety during both use and handling.

Abstract: A battery has a battery case, a cover (1), cells located in the case and at least one opening (2) for venting of the gases occurring in the cells, into which a flashback protection frit (3) is inserted. To improve such a battery, a baffle wall (12) is placed in of the flashback protection frit (3) (FIG. 3).

Abstract: A vent plug for insertion into a battery vent well that retains the original large diameter of the well. The vent plug has a body having a top and a bottom and an opening extending from the top to the bottom. A neck extends from the body for insertion into the well. The neck has an opening therein and an arm positioned to engage the underside of a projection in the well without substantially intruding into the well diameter.

Abstract: A moisture-proof housing is disclosed intended for containing a battery. The housing includes two walls or plates which are kept in place by a sealing band located therebetween which defines interior of the housing. Portions of the walls, namely wall or plate protrusions, extend beyond the sealing band. One of the plates has a hole located exterior to the housing during normal conditions. The sealing band includes a movable part which slides between the two plates. When the interior housing pressure exceed the exterior pressure, the movable part slides outward to include the hole within the housing interior. This provides a safety valve and vents out the excessive interior pressure. A stop device is provided to avoid excessive displacement of the movable band, such as displacement beyond the plate protrusions.

Abstract: The invention discloses a lid suited to be used on batteries of the "re-combination" type or of the "KAMINA" type realized with a single manufactured article moulded of plastic material. The manufactured article presents an essentially flat surface (6), a series of holes (4) aligned in relation to one another communicating with each element of the battery, a plurality of caps (11) lodged in said holes and a channel (5) for conveying the fumes generated by the battery and having its ends facing the external surface of the lid. With such an embodiment the lid is suited to be used on batteries of the "KAMINA" type, since it suffices for this purpose to place a tube for the exhaust of the fumes at at least one end of the conveyance channel (5). On the other hand, when the lid according to the invention is to be used on batteries of the "re-combination" type, it is sufficient to insert at the end of the re-conveyance channel (5) at least one one-way valve and sealing means such as OR rings under each cap (11).

Abstract: Disclosed is a water-proof, gas pervious casing for a battery capable of containing a plurality of battery cells. The casing is made of a gas impervious, water-proof material that completely encapsulates the battery cells. A recessed region in the casing contains perforations, allowing gases to escape. This perforated recessed region is covered and filled with a plurality of layers of gas pervious sheets, one of which is water-proof. In addition to the recessed region, the exterior of the casing of the battery contains an electrical connector terminal which is surrounded with a water-proof seal. When the battery is installed in an electrical appliance, a cavity wall forms a water-proof seal with the battery to prevent moisture from entering the terminal region of the battery. On the exterior of the casing, adjacent to the recessed region, is a series of spacers are mounted which provide channels for exhaust gas to flow when the battery is snugly installed into the battery cavity of an electronic appliance.

Abstract: A vent cap for a lithium battery which includes an electrolyte which is in electrical contact with an anode of lithium or lithium alloy and a cathode containing at least one metallic salt is disclosed. The vent cap is shaped in a hat shape and includes a projected portion having a depression at a top side of the projected portion. The plane shape of the depression is a rectangle, and a pair of vent holes are formed by cutting two sides of the depression opposite to each other.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolytic secondary battery has a seal whose transparency and permeability with respect to external gas or moisture can be suppressed to a low level and which has high reliability. The nonaqueous electrolytic secondary battery has an electrolytic solution injection port (32) for injecting a nonaqueous electrolytic solution and an expansion plug (4) for air-tightly sealing the electrolytic solution injection port. A metal seal (2) is arranged between the electrolytic solution injection port (32) and the expansion plug (4). The metal seal (2) is of a metal containing aluminum as a main component, or a stainless steel, and the expansion plug (4) is of stainless steel.

Abstract: A battery cover and vent cap interface seal for electrical storage batteries is disposed between the vent opening in the battery cover and the vent cap to establish a fluid-fight seal. In a first embodiment an annular sealing member is provided in each vent opening in the battery cover. The sealing members extend slightly beyond the inner periphery of the vent opening in the cover and are compressed by the vent cap plugs as the vent cap is installed. In a second embodiment annular sealing members are provided around each plug on the vent cap. The sealing members extend slightly beyond the outer periphery of the plugs and are compressed as the vent cap is installed on the battery cover. The sealing members are made of a resilient material that deforms more easily than the materials used for the battery cover and vent cap.

Abstract: The invention discloses an improved breathing device to exhaust on the outside the fumes produced inside the accumulator batteries. It comprises: at least one chamber (7) realized in the lid (2) of the accumulator battery and communicating on one side with the breathing channels (4) and on the opposite side with the outside environment, provided with one or more through holes (20) communicating with the underlying elements of the accumulator battery. A removable cap (12) inserted in said chamber (7) supports a disc made of an explosion-proof material (11) in front of which a condensing disc (15) is present made of impermeable material suited to define, in relation to the inner perimetral surface (27) of the chamber (7) itself, one or more essentially annular areas (72) for the transit of the fumes.

Abstract: Sealed lead-acid cells and batteries include an expandable cover capable of accommodating the grid growth which occurs in service, the expandable cover comprises a first region which expands outwardly toward a second region and a flange which defines the terminal opening, and the cells or batteries include a terminal cover sealing assembly comprising inner-and outer-cell sealing members which together form an annulus in which the flange is seated and retain one or both include resilient seals such as an O-ring that provide a terminal-cover seal.

Abstract: A combined dual ganged manifold and cover arrangement for batteries features channeling of gas flow to an explosion attenuation device located between the manifolds and a cover designed for maximizing return to the battery of any electrolyte which may contact the cover from vibration, tilting, overheating, overcharge and the like. Splash barrels within the cover include a unique acid level indicator, and feet are provided on the manifold to prevent the manifolds from inadvertently being used with other cover designs. The arrangement is particularly useful for batteries having terminal posts lying along the battery centerline. The cover utilizes external and internal gas pick-up systems and perpetual hill and infinite well concepts to control acid flow. A narrow channel reduces standing wave electrolyte surface violence.

Abstract: An exhaust structure of this invention is composed of plural exhaust structure elements which are installed in a cover and arranged in horizontal positions facing on cell chambers. The exhaust structure element is provided with a gas intake chamber, a refluxing chamber and a passage chamber. The gas intake chamber connects to the refluxing chamber through a first slit, and the refluxing chamber connects to the passage chamber through a second slit. A baffle plate is installed in the gas intake chamber, pin-shaped bodies are installed on ceilings of the refluxing chamber and the passage chamber, a refluxing hole is made on a bottom surface of the refluxing chamber, and the refluxing hole connects to a cylindrical body. Bottom surfaces of the refluxing chamber and the passage chamber are slanted toward the refluxing hole.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for venting gas from within a case housing a metal-air cell having a cathode and an anode with a separator positioned therebetween. The cell has at least one gas vent on the anode side of the separator that extends from the interior surface of the case to the exterior surface. Each gas vent has a gas vent cap thereon on the interior surface of the case. A gas permeable, hydrophobic membrane is positioned between each gas vent and gas vent cap. The gas vent, with the gas vent cap positioned thereon, prevents the anode from blocking the venting of gas through the membrane.

Abstract: A wet, multicell, lead-acid electric storage battery is provided for. The battery comprises a container, a cover, one or more partition walls dividing the space within the container and cover into two or more cell cavities. The cover defines generally cylindrically shaped process holes associated with each cell cavity. The battery further comprises a venting system. The venting system comprises a manifold defined by the cover, the manifold having at least one opening in each process hole and at least one opening in the cover. The manifold is adapted to provide gaseous communication between the process holes and the ambient. The venting systems also comprises a venting plug associated with each process hole and adapted for insertion therein. The venting plugs have a generally cylindrical side wall, a closed upper end, an open lower end, and a central cavity. A vent aperture is located in the side wall of the venting plug and is in gaseous communication with the manifold and the venting plug central cavity.

Abstract: A sealing plug for a lead battery which prevents both the emergence of acid mist from the cell, and its harmful effects on the operation of the safety valve of the sealing plug, is configured to cause escaping cell gases to follow a path to the outside of the cell which first passes through a porous frit and which then proceeds through a pressure-release valve. To this end, a housing base is provided which includes a bottom portion for receiving the frit and for engaging a filler opening of the battery's lid. A premounted pressure-release valve including a compression spring and a sealing disk is retained between the housing base and a cap for engaging an outer flange of the housing base, for enclosing the resulting structure.

Abstract: Battery closure means which is adapted to mate with a cell access opening constructed with at least a partial helical surface or segment to normally receive a rotatable bayonet-style plug, such closure means having at least one stopper formed with depending arms each of which comprises outward extensions having tapered surfaces to engage such helically-shaped segments to enable such stopper to seal the cell access opening upon rectilinear insertion of the battery closure means.

Abstract: The explosion attenuating vent cap for storage batteries according to the present invention features an electrolyte drain and baffle design adapted for maximizing return to the battery of any liquid which may enter the vent from vibration, tilting, overheating, overcharge and the like. The vent barrel(s) include a step to assist in closure of the fill openings, and baffles within the vent prevent accumulation of electrolyte within the cap. The arrangement of the entrance to the gas escape passage (leading through an explosion attenuation device such as a disc of microporous polymer) is located on the center lines of the barrel and at the highest possible location within the vent to minimize the intrusion of electrolyte into the attenuation material. This location of the entrance prevents accumulation of electrolyte at that location. Preferably, the vent cap is of the ganged variety, i.e. useful for simultaneously capping three or more fill openings of the battery.

Abstract: A water by-passing, submersible, flame retardent vent plug is adapted for use in storage batteries of the type containing liquid electrolyte. The plug has inlet and outlet slots and a hollow portion providing a gas communication path. A porous flame arrester is positioned in the path. A circular raised seat is positioned in the path between the flame arrester and the outlet slots to allow water from the battery's exterior which enters the outlet slots, to exit the vent plug without entering the battery.

Abstract: A submersible flame-retardant vent plug is adapted for use in storage batteries of the type containing liquid electrolyte. The plug has inlet and outlet slots and a hollow portion providing a gas communication path. A porous flame arrester is positioned in the path. A check valve is positioned in the path between the flame arrester and the outlet slots and is adapted to be opened by gas pressure from the battery's interior and to be closed by water pressure from the battery's exterior.

Abstract: A vented battery includes an aperture 108 in the battery housing 104 for venting built up gases inside of the vented battery 104. The aperture 108 is covered with a sintered metal vent 204. The sintered vent can be molded in the battery housing, staked to the housing, friction fitted into the aperture, or attached using other commonly known methods.In an alternate embodiment, a vented battery 200 has at least one battery contact 210 formed from sintered metal allowing for the venting of gases inside of housing 104. The battery contact 210 performs the dual function of allowing the battery 200 to be vented, and also act as electrical battery contacts which allow battery 200 to be connected to external devices.A communication device 300 includes a radio 302 that has a radio battery retainer 310, or other external housing member made from sintered metal thereby allowing for radio 302 to be vented.

Abstract: A microporous plug is provided which serves to seal a vessel so as to prevent the bulk flow of gases through an outlet. The pores of said microporous plug are sized so as to permit the transport of gases to and from the vessel interior by Knudsen diffusion. In preferred embodiments, the pores of the plug are sized so as to release helium from the interior of a vessel and restrict the transport of carbon dioxide into the vessel from the surrounding atmosphere by Knudsen diffusion. Such embodiments are particularly useful on Mars where the helium is transported into an environment of higher pressure. In other embodiments, the microporous plug is used in conjunction with an absorber positioned within the vessel to react with atmospheric gases that pass through the plug, such as carbon dioxide. Also provided are radioisotope thermoelectric generators that incorporate a microporous plug and optionally an absorber.

Abstract: A battery cap sensor probe including a generally hollow body having an interior chamber through which a conductive probe passes. The probe has a first end adapted for emersion into the electrolyte of a battery cell and a second end adapted for electrical connection to an electrical circuit. The second end is preferably a terminal portion crimped to the remaining portion of the conductive probe.

Abstract: A cover assembly for a multicell, lead-acid electric storage battery, which is capable of having each cell independently pressure checked for leaks by using pressure testing equipment having a pressure head tip is provided, which cover assembly comprises a primary cover member and one or more cover piece members sealed to the primary cover member and substantially defines a venting system comprising process holes for communicating with each cell, a trapping chamber communicating with each process hole, the trapping chambers being manifolded into one or more sets, and an exhaust port communicating with each set of manifolded trapping chambers and the ambient; wherein the process holes comprise a cap, an outer opening receiving the cap, an annular step and a first and second barrel in substantially coaxial alignment with the outer opening, and apertures, the annular step providing a surface upon which may be placed the pressure head tip of said pressure testing equipment for independently pressure checking the

Abstract: A gang vent cap for commonly venting a plurality of cell apertures of a storage battery in which a vent cap having a cover and a base which define a selectively configured hollow enclosure. A venting path is defined within the hollow enclosure which interconnects one or more battery cell ports with the venting port of the vent cap. Associated with each battery cell port of the vent cap is a projecting battery engaging member which sealingly engages one of the cell apertures of a storage battery. Each cell port includes a splashguard disposed between the battery cell and the cell port to retard the ingress of battery acid into the vent cap. A cylindrical condensation chamber is defined within the hollow enclosure above each cell port to trap and condense battery acid contained in the gases venting from the battery cell. Pathways defined within the vent cap include primary and secondary acid retention chambers, a corridor system and a venting chamber.

Abstract: A storage battery, such as for automotive applications, which employs a novel one piece low profile cover attachable to a conventional battery container. The cover includes two pairs of battery terminals for receiving pressure clamp battery cables ends or battery cable ends designed for attachment to side mount terminals. The cover also includes a movable handle which is an integral part of the cover and which is completely stowable in a recess in the cover.

Abstract: A vent cap for enclosing filler openings of a storage battery comprises a base terminating at a ring including a generally U-shaped channel and a cover, the periphery of which engages the channel of the base. The periphery of the cover is provided with an essentially planar face having a chamfered termination and a plurality of circumferentially spaced, secant-shaped portions formed therein. The inner and outer faces of the cover are provided with relieved portions adjacent to the secant-shaped portions formed in the cover's periphery. The secant-shaped portions formed in the periphery of the cover and the relieved portions formed in the inner and outer faces of the cover cooperate with the U-shaped channel to develop a series of apertures between the base and cover.

Abstract: A sealed lead-acid secondary cell of the type that absorbs oxygen by the negative electrode, is characterized in that a porous member impregnated with a liquid substance is disposed within or outside of a safety valve, or in contact with the bottom of said safety valve.

Abstract: The indicator cap (22 or 80) is formed of a base connected to a transparent tube (46) forming a cylindrical cavity (48) receiving a colored or opaque float (70). The position of the float (70) within the tube (46) indicates the level of the electrolyte in the cell (20) of the battery (10). The float contains an upper collar (74) which cooperates with top vent (60) or side vent (92) to seal the cell. The collar (74) engages the annular disc (76) or apertured collar (86) to prevent the float (70) from falling into the cell (20) when the cap (22 or 80) is removed from the aperture (24).

Abstract: Apparatus for eliminating the possibility of propagation of gas ignition from the outside to the interior of wet cell batteries such as those used in autos, boats, tractors and the like. The invention in its simplest form is characterized by a set of chambers attached to or incorporated with the structure of a wet cell battery to form a single compact explosion proof battery assembly. The chambers contain non flammable liquid through which gases traveling to and from the interior of the battery pass and thereby create a barrier to the propagation of ignition from the outside of the battery to the interior of the battery. Supporting inventive means are provided to make the apparatus fully functional and practical. Such supporting means include an injection fill means, a liquid level indicator and a pressure release tube for conducting gases safely away from the apparatus.

Abstract: A vent cap for enclosing filler openings of a storage battery comprises a base terminating at a rim including a generally U-shaped channel and a cover, the periphery of which engages the channel of the base. The periphery of the cover is provided with an essentially planar face having a chamfered termination and a plurality of circumferentially spaced, secant-shaped portions formed therein. The inner and outer faces of the cover are provided with reliefed portions adjacent to the secant-shaped portions formed in the cover's periphery. The secant-shaped portions formed in the periphery of the cover and the reliefed portions formed in the inner and outer faces of the cover cooperate with the U-shaped channel to develop a series of apertures between the base and cover.

Abstract: A recombination device including a gas-tight enclosure connected to receive he discharge gases from a rechargeable storage battery. Catalytic material for the recombination of hydrogen and oxygen to form water is supported within the enclosure. The enclosure is sealed from the atmosphere by a liquid seal including two vertical chambers interconnected with an inverted U-shaped overflow tube. The first chamber is connected at its upper portion to the enclosure and the second chamber communicates at its upper portion with the atmosphere. If the pressure within the enclosure differs as overpressure or vacuum by more than the liquid level, the liquid is forced into one of the two chambers and the overpressure is vented or the vacuum is relieved. The recombination device also includes means for returning recombined liquid to the battery and for absorbing metal hydrides.

Abstract: An hermetically sealed galvanic cell having a safety vent assembly comprising a housing having a portion which is inwardly depressed and flexible, which portion surrounds an aperture. The aperture is filled with a layer of glass or ceramic material thus producing an hermetically sealed cell which exhibits increased mechanical strength coupled with reliable venting.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement for sealing a storage battery casing having at least one opening in the lid or cover (5) thereof, with the aid of a sealing plug (2) provided for each opening and retained in a sleeve-like fitting (1) surrounding the opening. The invention is characterized in that the sealing plug (2) includes a substantially sleeve-like outer plug part (3) and an inner plug part (4) arranged to be inserted axially into the outer plug part (3).

Abstract: A venting system for an electric storage battery including an electrolyte trapping chamber having a floor sloping toward a venting/drainage aperture at the low point of the floor and a drip tab beneath the rim of the aperture to enhance electrolyte drainage from the chamber floor. A surrounding skirt and supplemental baffle reduce electrolyte invasion of the aperture.

Abstract: An explosion-proof battery vent and filler plug (10) is disclosed, which provides a flame barrier (16) to prevent external ignition of gas evolved from a battery during operation from causing ignition of the larger volume of gas within the battery itself, without simultaneously allowing a high rate of evaporation of the electrolyte. In accordance with the invention, the flame barrier means (16) is provided with an indirect, restricted outlet (64) for the evolved gases to pass to the atmosphere, thus reducing the flow of air through the electrolyte space of the battery. The preferred embodiment includes a filler tube (14) with a funnel-shaped entrance (24) within a shell member (12) which sealingly engages an opening of a battery.

Abstract: An explosion resistant battery cell incorporating safety features adapted to counter the effects of the build-up of high internal pressures. The external metallic casing for the cell has a non-cylindrical cross-section which may be square, rectangular or other geometric configuration other than cylindrical to allow bulging of the outer walls which may result from internal pressure build-up. A thermal venting mechanism is provided in the nature of a low melting point metal plug inserted in the end of an associated electrolyte fill tube, the metal plug providing a hermetic seal but having a melting point considerably below the temperature at which explosion of the battery cell might occur depending on the electrolyte being used.

Abstract: A portable, lightweight and inexpensive emergency power pack to be hooked up to the lighting system of a vehicle trailer, such as a semi-trailer, camper, mobile home or the like, for the purpose of flashing all or some trailer lights on and off while the trailer is unhitched on the side of a road so as to warn passing motorists of its presence. The device includes a battery, an on-off switch, a flasher and an illuminating light. The case for supporting the battery and other components is made of a unitary, molded plastic piece, and includes a cylindrical housing on one side thereof that contains an adapter plug for connecting to a mating plug in the vehicle trailer. Auxiliary warning lights may also be strung from a special connector on the unit, while an alternate embodiment may be utilized in the shop to test the various electrical systems on the trailers.

Abstract: A closure device for lead-acid batteries includes a filter of granulated activated carbon treated to be hydrophobic combined with means for preventing explosion of emitted hydrogen and oxygen gas. The explosion prevention means includes a vertical open-end tube within the closure housing for maintaining a liquid level above side wall openings in an adjacent closed end tube. Gases vent from the battery through a nozzle directed inside the closed end tube against an impingement surface to remove acid droplets. The gases then flow through the side wall openings and the liquid level to quench any possible ignition prior to entering the activated carbon filter. A wick in the activated carbon filter conducts condensed liquid back to the closure housing to replenish the liquid level limited by the open-end tube.

Abstract: A recombination system for catalytic oxidation of hydrogen in storage battery gases includes a gas supply duct which makes it possible for the combustible gas flowing through it to aspirate from the ambient the necessary combustion air, following the principle of a Bunsen burner, and to entrain it to the recombination catalyst. In case of over-supply of gas, an acid separator positioned in the gas supply pipe counteracts the gas aspiration by means of its flow impedance and thereby makes the recombination system safe from overload. It can also be connected following a conventional recombiner, thereby increasing its effectiveness, by receiving the excess hydrogen from same and reacting it with the aid of the air aspiration.

Abstract: A safety electrical disconnect is incorporated within the battery terminal to break the circuit upon excessive internal pressure build-up due to extended discharge or over charge. A burst diaphragm ruptured by excessive pressure forces a ball through a normally restraining split ring to thereby interrupt the electrical circuit continuity. The ball, upper seat and split ring can be designed to either prevent further escape fo internal gas or provide for controlled venting. The burst diaphragm may be replaced by another pressure sensing device such as a pop-off valve. For high current capability, the ball and ring may be replaced by a suitable arrangement such as a sliding cylindrical connector.

Abstract: A battery vent plug providing repeated relief of a pressure condition within a battery at relatively low internal pressures. The vent plug is arranged to prevent dropping of the internal pressure to zero upon venting while yet having a small relief-reseal pressure range. The vent plug includes a relief valve within a housing defined by a rubber cylinder releasably engaging an annular seat on the housing about an inlet to a vent chamber within the housing. The rubber cylinder is maintained under a preselected compression assuring sealing thereof to the seat at pressures below a preselected venting pressure. Upon removal of the sealing portion of the cylinder from the seat, the pressurized gas escapes around the cylinder and through a hole in the housing to atmosphere.

Abstract: A vent plug for use in batteries, such as lead acid batteries. The vent plug is provided with a flame arresting vent passage portion defined by a plurality of elongated small cross section flow passages. The vent plug is adapted for low cost manufacture as by injection molding of separate parts thereof in accurate dimensional coordination. The flame arrestor passages, in the illustrated embodiment, are formed by projecting portions on one of the plug elements extending into fitted engagement with the other of the elements.

Abstract: A vent plug includes a thermophastic tubular body for insertion in an aperture in the lid of a battery. The vent plug has at its upper end an integral lid with a gas venting aperture formed therein. A removable insert is secured within the tubular body and defines a tortuous gas venting path. The insert and the body are constructed to define a space with which the gas venting aperture and the gas venting path communicate, the space accommodating a porous flame retarding body.

Abstract: A vent cap for a storage battery, which vent cap includes a base portion and a cover portion which are retained to each other to provide a gas collecting enclosure. The base portion comprises a tray and peripherally extending walls, and is divided into a plurality of cavities by at least one transversely extending rib, which cavities include a first segment having an assembly which communicates with one of the cells of the battery and a second segment which is substantially enclosed to form a holding area and which is separated from the first segment by a plurality of baffles having an aperture which permits limited communication between the first and second segments.

Abstract: An electrical storage battery, which includes a battery casing formed with a gas venting exhaust passage which communicates the interior of the battery casing to the atmosphere; a flame intercepting filter located at an intermediate portion of the gas venting exhaust passage and extending across it; and a means for grounding part of the vicinity of a part of the passage which is on the atmosphere side of the flame intercepting filter. Thereby, sparking is prevented from occurring from a high voltage electrical source outside the battery to any conducting film of electrolyte formed on the wall of the passage on the inner side of the filter, and thus explosion of hydrogen gas/oxygen mixture within the battery casing is guarded against.

Abstract: A battery vent cap is presented for releasing gases from a battery container while preventing the escape of electrolyte foam. The cap comprises a strategically located reservoir containing an antifoam agent for dissipating foam attempting to escape. Further, minute amounts of agent are intermittently dispensed into the cell to reduce foaming therein.

Abstract: Control valve actuated pneumatic means evacuating electrolyte from a storage battery cell to an adjacent storage compartment and for returning the electrolyte to the cell when desired, having a storage compartment, a battery cell, pipe means extending to a lower part of the cell, control valve means for regulating the evacuation and thereafter return of the electrolyte to the cell as desired.

Abstract: Stibine is removed from gases generated in antimonial lead-acid batteries by using a filter having carbon powder (especially activated charcoal) as the active agent.