Abstract: A liquid electrostatographic toner or liquid ink jet ink prepared by the steps of heating a marking particle mix of particles of a resin and a colourant blend in a carrier liquid to a temperature between about the first softening point of the resin and about the second softening point of the resin, maintaining the temperature of the heated marking particle mix for a selected period of time, cooling the marking particle mix to room temperature, and mixing the marking particle mix with high shear. The particle mix can be produced by coarse grinding in a ball mill. The resultant toner or ink has an improved Newtonian like flow behaviour, improved electrical properties, reduced sedimentation and agglomeration and significantly improved optical density and reduced background.

Abstract: Provided are an electrophotographic toner and a method for producing the electrophotographic toner that satisfy high image quality, cleaning stability, and high productivity. The electrophotographic toner is produced by spray-drying a toner ingredient-containing liquid, wherein the toner ingredient-containing liquid dissolves or disperses at least a resin, a low molecular mass organic material, and a colorant in an organic solvent, the resin is soluble in the organic solvent, the low molecular mass organic material is a crystalline compound or a composition of crystalline compounds that is soluble in the organic solvent, the toner ingredient-containing liquid contains substantially no particles having a particle diameter of 500 nm or more, the crystalline compound or the composition of crystalline compounds crystallizes upon spray-drying to deform toner particles into a circularity of 0.93 or higher to 0.98 or less, and volume average particle diameter of the toner particles is 3.

Abstract: Processes for making photosensitive organic pigments for use in imaging members, specifically processes for making photosensitive phthalocyanine pigments having a specific nanocrystal form. Embodiments include a copper phthalocyanine nanocrystal with good charge generation for use in the formulation of a charge generating layer and narrow particle size distribution.

Abstract: An insulating liquid used for a liquid developer containing toner particles, the insulating liquid includes a fatty acid triglyceride and a fatty acid monoester, the fatty acid triglyceride and the fatty acid monoester each containing an unsaturated fatty acid as a fatty acid component thereof, and an alcohol component constituting the fatty acid monoester having an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A liquid toner composition and a preparation method utilize a colorant, an organosol, a charge control agent, a carrier liquid, a dispersion assistant agent, and a photoreactive catalyst, in which the dispersion assistant agent is a polymer including an unsaturated functional group to cause photopolymerization in a presence of the photoreactive catalyst, and the photoreactive catalyst produces a free radical through an irradiation of light, and initiates the photopolymerization of the dispersion assistant agent. According to embodiments of the present invention, the toner organosol rarely affects the physical properties required of the liquid toner, and an offset error in a fixing operation is removed, resulting in an improved quality of a printed image.

Abstract: A liquid toner for electrophotography and a method of preparing the liquid toner are disclosed. The liquid toner includes a carrier liquid, an organosol, a colorant, a charge controlling agent (CCA), and (meth)acrylic (co)polymer soluble in the carrier liquid. The liquid toner has a low solidification rate and good redispersion when left for a long period of time, especially at a high temperature for a long period of time, while maintaining the existing physical properties of a liquid toner, such as image density, at certain levels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid toner and imaging apparatus provided with an imaging surface having a liquid toner image formed thereon on fibrous toner particles and carrier liquid. The fibrous toner particles can be composed of a polymer portion and pigment dispersed therein, where the polymer portion comprises a surface of the fibrous toner particles and is insoluble in the carrier liquid at temperatures below 40° C., so that the polymer portion will not dissolve or solvate in storage. The polymer portion also is solvatable by the carrier liquid only at temperatures above 50° C. The carrier liquid has, as a major component, first liquid hydrocarbon having a first rate of evaporation, and, as a minor component, second liquid hydrocarbon having a second rate of evaporation which, at room temperature, is at least an order of magnitude less than the first rate of evaporation.

Abstract: A liquid developer having superior fixing characteristic of toner particles to a recording medium and which is harmless to the environment, and an image forming apparatus using the liquid developer are provided. The liquid developer is comprised of an insulation liquid and toner particles dispersed in the insulation liquid, wherein the insulation liquid contains a first vegetable oil and a reaction product produced by an ester exchange reaction of a second vegetable oil and a monovalent alcohol.

Abstract: A liquid developer includes a vegetable oil as a carrier liquid, a positively chargeable pigment and an antioxidant including a trialkyl phosphite represented by the chemical formula 1 and/or a diphenyl alkyl phosphite represented by the chemical formula 2: (CmH2m+1O)3PChemical formula 1 wherein m is 2 to 20, wherein n is 5 to 15.

Abstract: A liquid developer includes toner particles formed of a resin material and a coloring agent, and an insulation liquid in which the toner particles are dispersed, the insulation liquid containing ester-exchange oil obtained by an ester-exchange reaction of linseed oil and at least one of semidrying oil and nondrying oil. It is preferred that the insulation liquid further contains fatty acid monoester. Further, it is preferred that the amount of the fatty acid monoester contained in the insulation liquid is in the range of 5 to 50 wt %.

Abstract: The invention is directed to amphipathic polymeric particles that serve as both the dispersant and the binder in water based inks, ink compositions containing these particles, and methods for making the particles. The polymeric particles contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties with a pre-determined structure, and have an average diameter of 50 to 500 nm. The amphipathic polymeric particles may be prepared by a side-chain conversion method or a polymerization process involving an ATRP step, with or without a cross-linking agent. This invention improves the stability of polymer and inks by both ionic and steric stabilization of the suspended polymer particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic liquid developer includes a carrier liquid and toner particles. The toner particles include a colorant and a resin component and are dispersed in the carrier liquid. The resin component includes a polyester resin as a main component. When 0.3 g of the liquid developer is dropped on a filter paper (which is defined in JIS P 3801) from a point of 10 mm height, the carrier liquid diffuses in the filter paper at a speed not lower than 1 mm/minute.

Abstract: Electrophotographic ink compositions display reduced malodor effects when at least one antagonistic odor vector compound for C10, C11 and C12 hydrocarbons is present in the ink composition. The use of appropriate amounts of the antagonistic odor vector compounds for C10, C11 and C12 hydrocarbons does not adversely affect the functional imaging properties of the ink.

Abstract: A liquid developer which includes an insulating liquid, and toner fine particles containing a coloring agent and a toner resin. In the liquid developer, its electric capacitance does not significantly vary in an electric circuit where an electrical double-layer capacitor and an electronic resistance corresponding to a velocity of an electron exchange during an electrode reaction are connected in parallel, and a resistance corresponding to an electric conductivity of the insulating liquid is connected in series. The coloring agent has a coating layer so as to maintain distances between the toner fine particles. The insulating liquid has a viscosity of 0.5 mPa·s to 1000 mPa·s, a specific resistance of 1×1012 ?cm or more, and a surface tension of 30 dyn/cm or less, and may be a nonvolatile liquid having a boiling point of 100° C. or higher.

Abstract: A recording liquid including a colorant and a carrier liquid including at least a poly-&agr;-olefin. The recording liquid can be used as a liquid developer, an inkjet ink, a printing ink, a marker ink, an electronic recording ink, or the like. An image forming method including the steps of applying a recording liquid on a liquid bearing member to form a layer of the recording liquid; and developing an electrostatic latent image born on an image bearing member by bringing the layer of the recording liquid into contact with the image bearing member to form a visual image on the image bearing member.

Abstract: A liquid toner or toner concentrate comprising: pigmented toner particles in an amount of 0.5% to 20% by weight; a carrier liquid comprising: a liquid hydrocarbon; a silicone based additive; and a charge director, wherein the silicone based additive comprises a release life enhancer additive chosen from the group consisting of: a liquid silicone material having a viscosity of at least 5,000 centistokes; a silicone gum; a silicone surfactant; and a non-reactive silicone fluid.

Abstract: A toner or developer for electrostatic images including a carrier liquid and insoluble marking particles. The carrier liquid comprises or includes a polybutene. The polybutene may be present in a range of 20 to 98 percent by weight. The carrier liquid can also includes one or a blend of other carrier liquids selected from aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, silicone fluids and vegetable oils. The insoluble marking particle is present in the range of 2 to 40 percent by weight of the toner or developer.

Abstract: A toner for a liquid developer and the like which have low cohesive force and excellent dispersion stability and storage stability and which enable formation of high-quality images and are highly reliable. The toner for a liquid developer comprises an epoxy compound whose epoxy equivalent weight is 1000 or less. An aspect in which the epoxy compound is at least one selected from bisphenol A epoxy resins, novalak epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins, biphenyl epoxy resins, isocyanate-modified epoxy resins, naphthalene epoxy resins, dicyclo epoxy resins, and brominated epoxy resins, and the like are preferable.

Abstract: A liquid electrophotographic image forming apparatus using an ink developing solution having a high concentration where a non-volatile carrier is used as a dispersion solvent includes a photosensitive body, a charge unit increasing a potential of the photosensitive body to a charge potential, an exposure unit projecting a beam onto the photosensitive body and forming a latent electrostatic image, a developing solution supply unit supplying a developing solution to the photosensitive body, the developing solution having a high concentration where a non-volatile carrier is used as a dispersion solvent, a developing unit receiving the developing solution having the high concentration to form a developing film having the high concentration and to develop the latent electrostatic image, a transfer unit contacting the photosensitive body and moving the developed image to a recording medium, and a fixing unit fixing the transferred image in the recording medium at a temperature lower than a flash point of the non-vo

Abstract: An array of small square contact holes, on the order of magnitude of the exposing light wavelength, are formed by selecting the partial coherence and numerical aperture of the exposing light source and the pitch of the array of windows on an attenuating phase shifting mask so that side lobes formed by the exposing light being diffracted as it passes through the array of window constructively interfere with one another in the vicinity of a desired contact hole on the material surface. This constructive interference of side lobe patterns, in combination with the pattern formed by the light passing undiffracted through the array of windows, forms an array of square exposed regions on the material surface. When the material is a photoresist, the exposed regions can be selectively dissolved in order to form square patterns that can be used to etch square holes in the underlying substrate or layer.

Abstract: A method of forming a printed circuit board with a metal power plane layer between two photoimageable dielectric layers is provided. Photoformed metal filled vias and plated through holes are in the photopatternable material, and signal circuitry is on the surfaces of each of the dielectric materials connected to the vias and plated through holes. A border may be around the board including a metal layer terminating in from the edge of one of the dielectric layers. Copper foil with clearance holes is provided. First and second layers of photoimageable curable dielectric material are on opposite sides of the copper. Patterns are developed on the first and second layers of the photoimageable material to reveal the metal layer through vias. Through holes are developed where holes were patterned in both dielectric layers. The surfaces of the photoimageable material, vias and through holes are metallized by copper plating, preferably using photoresist.

Abstract: Electrophotographic ink compositions display reduced malodor effects when at least one antagonistic odor vector compound for C10, C11 and C12 hydrocarbons is present in the ink composition. The use of appropriate amounts of the antagonistic odor vector compounds for C10, C11 and C12 hydrocarbons does not adversely affect the functional imaging properties of the ink.

Abstract: A recording liquid including a colorant and a carrier liquid including at least one of a liquid paraffin and a linear silicone oil. The recording liquid is an inkjet ink, a printing ink, a marker ink, a stencil ink, an electronic recording ink, a non-aqueous paint, a liquid developer or the like. When the recording liquid is a non-aqueous paint or a liquid developer, the recording ink further includes a resin.

Abstract: A liquid toner comprising:

Abstract: An electrophotographic liquid developer includes a carrier liquid and toner particles. The toner particles include a colorant and a resin component and are dispersed in the carrier liquid. The resin component includes a polyester resin as a main component. When 0.3 g of the liquid developer is dropped on a filter paper (which is defined in JIS P 3801) from a point of 10 mm height, the carrier liquid diffuses in the filter paper at a speed not lower than 1 mm/minute.

Abstract: This invention relates to a developer storage and delivery system for liquid electrophotography containing: a) a container having an open end; b) a developer inside said container wherein said developer has a viscosity greater than 10 pascal second; and c) a heater near said open end wherein said heater lower the viscosity of said developer to less than 0.01 pascal second.

Abstract: A liquid developer which includes an insulating liquid, and toner fine particles containing a coloring agent and a toner resin. In the liquid developer, its electric capacitance does not significantly vary in an electric circuit where an electrical double-layer capacitor and an electronic resistance corresponding to a velocity of an electron exchange during an electrode reaction are connected in parallel, and a resistance corresponding to an electric conductivity of the insulating liquid is connected in series. The coloring agent has a coating layer so as to maintain distances between the toner fine particles. The insulating liquid has a viscosity of 0.5 mPa.s to 1000 mPa.s, a specific resistance of 1×1012 &OHgr;cm or more, and a surface tension of 30 dyn/cm or less, and may be a nonvolatile liquid having a boiling point of 100° C. or higher.

Abstract: A toner for a liquid developer and the like which have low cohesive force and excellent dispersion stability and storage stability and which enable formation of high-quality images and are highly reliable. The toner for a liquid developer comprises an epoxy compound whose epoxy equivalent weight is 1000 or less. An aspect in which the epoxy compound is at least one selected from bisphenol A epoxy resins, novalak epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins, biphenyl epoxy resins, isocyanate-modified epoxy resins, naphthalene epoxy resins, dicyclo epoxy resins, and brominated epoxy resins, and the like are preferable.

Abstract: A liquid developer and the like which have good storage stability and can enable formation of high-quality images stably over a long period of time. The liquid developer of the present invention comprises: an insulating carrier liquid; toner particles insoluble in the insulating carrier liquid, and containing a colorant and a binder resin; and at least one of a silane coupling agent and an alkoxy-modified silicone. The silane coupling agent has at least one functional group selected from amino groups, methacryloxy groups, epoxy groups, isocyanate groups, mercapto groups, and vinyl groups.

Abstract: A toner or developer for electrostatic images including a carrier liquid and insoluble marking particles. The carrier liquid comprises or includes a polybutene. The polybutene may be present in a range of 20 to 98 percent by weight. The carrier liquid can also includes one or a blend of other carrier liquids selected from aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, silicone fluids and vegetable oils. The insoluble marking particle is present in the range of 2 to 40 percent by weight of the toner or developer.

Abstract: A recording liquid including a colorant and a carrier liquid including at least one of a liquid paraffin and a linear silicone oil. The recording liquid is an inkjet ink, a printing ink, a marker ink, a stencil ink, an electronic recording ink, a non-aqueous paint, a liquid developer or the like. When the recording liquid is a non-aqueous paint or a liquid developer, the recording ink further includes a resin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid toner and imaging apparatus provided with an imaging surface having a liquid toner image formed thereon on fibrous toner particles and carrier liquid. The fibrous toner particles can be composed of a polymer portion and pigment dispersed therein, where the polymer portion comprises a surface of the fibrous toner particles and is insoluble in the carrier liquid at temperatures below 40° C., so that the polymer portion will not dissolve or solvate in storage. The polymer portion also is solvatable by the carrier liquid only at temperatures above 50° C. The carrier liquid has, as a major component, first liquid hydrocarbon having a first rate of evaporation, and, as a minor component, second liquid hydrocarbon having a second rate of evaporation which, at room temperature, is at least an order of magnitude less than the first rate of evaporation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid toner and imaging apparatus provided with an imaging surface having a liquid toner image formed thereon on fibrous toner particles and carrier liquid. The fibrous toner particles can be composed of a polymer portion and pigment dispersed therein, where the polymer portion comprises a surface of the fibrous toner particles and is insoluble in the carrier liquid at temperatures below 40° C., so that the polymer portion will not dissolve or solvate in storage. The polymer portion also is solvatable by the carrier liquid only at temperatures above 50° C. The carrier liquid has, as a major component, first liquid hydrocarbon having a first rate of evaporation, and, as a minor component, second liquid hydrocarbon having a second rate of evaporation which, at room temperature, is at least an order of magnitude less than the first rate of evaporation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid toner and imaging apparatus provided with an imaging surface having a liquid toner image formed thereon on fibrous toner particles and carrier liquid. The fibrous toner particles can be composed of a polymer portion and pigment dispersed therein, where the polymer portion comprises a surface of the fibrous toner particles and is insoluble in the carrier liquid at temperatures below 40° C., so that the polymer portion will not dissolve or solvate in storage. The polymer portion also is solvatable by the carrier liquid only at temperatures above 50° C. The carrier liquid has, as a major component, first liquid hydrocarbon having a first rate of evaporation, and, as a minor component, second liquid hydrocarbon having a second rate of evaporation which, at room temperature, is at least an order of magnitude less than the first rate of evaporation.

Abstract: A liquid developer containing a carrier liquid containing silicone oil, and toner particles dispersed in the carrier liquid and each containing a coloring agent and a resin, the resin contains at least one member selected from the group consisting of the following resins (a)-(g): (a): rosin polymers having a softening point of 50-190° C., a glass transition point of 10-170° C. and a molecular weight of 2,000-40,000 and obtained by reacting (a1) a rosin glycidyl ester, (a2) dicarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic anhydride, (a3) at least one crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting of polyfunctional epoxy compounds, tri- or more polybasic acids or anhydrides thereof tri- or more polyhydric alcohols, and (a4) a dihydric alcohol; (b): vinyl polymers having a ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight of greater than 4; (c): olefin resins having a melt index of 2.5-700; (d): polyolefins or polyolefin copolymers having an acid value of 0.

Abstract: A liquid recording material containing at least a carrier liquid, a resin, a coloring agent, and a reactive silicone material, an image transfer sheet for use with the liquid recording material, and a method of fixing images, using the liquid recording material, are disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid toner composition for use in high viscosity electrostatic printing processes. The liquid toner comprises a non-aqueous carrier liquid which is an electrically non-conductive liquid being a silicone fluid of straight chained or cyclic configuration, a silicone fluid of cyclic configuration, a silicone fluid of branched configuration, or a combination thereof having a viscosity in the range of from 0.5 to 1,000 mPa.s, an insoluble marking particle, and a dispersion additive, the dispersion additive comprising a polysiloxane having at least one functional group comprising a radical which introduces an active site into the polysiloxane and wherein the functional group is a radical selected from the group comprising a vinyl group, a carboxylic group, a hydroxyl group, or an amine group. The particular advantage of the liquid composition is that the formation of rivulets is minimised during printing with resultant improvement in image quality.

Abstract: A liquid developing method that uses a highly-concentrated liquid developing agent to develop an electrostatic latent image. A highly-concentrated liquid developing agent with a viscosity of 100 to 1,000 mPa.s can be used. Therefore, a film of developing agent from 5 to 40 &mgr;m thick can be formed on the surface of the developing roller or developing belt and this provides a soft contact with the photosensitive member surface where the electrostatic latent image has been formed. If the surface of the photosensitive member does not have good release properties, a film of pre-wet liquid can be formed on the surface of the photosensitive member.

Abstract: In an electrographic toner, containing a plurality of polymer particles (4), each polymer particle has functional groups on its surface, which dissociate into two parts in a carrier liquid (6), with one part of each group remaining firmly attached to the surface, so that the individual polymer particles carry electrostatic charges in the carrier liquid. Such a toner can be used in conjunction with carrier liquids that represent no problems from the point of view of occupational safety and environmental protection. Transfer processes and a developing system for use with this toner are described.

Abstract: A liquid developer set formed of a liquid developer used for developing an electrostatic latent image and containing a carrier liquid, a charge director and toner, a first liquid, which is obtained by removing a solid component from the liquid developer, having a charge director concentration C1 and a conductivity E1; a concentrated liquid developer containing the carrier liquid, the charge director and the toner in a higher concentration than the toner concentration of the liquid developer, a second liquid, which is obtained by removing a solid component from the concentrated liquid developer, having a charge director concentration C2 and a conductivity E2 substantially equal to the concentration C1 and the conductivity E1, respectively; and a diluent containing the carrier liquid and the charge director, and having a charge director concentration C3 and a conductivity E3 substantially equal to the concentration C1 and the conductivity E1, respectively.

Abstract: A liquid ink composition containing organosols having side-chain or main-chain crystallizable polymeric moieties is described. The incorporation of organosols having crystallizable polymeric moieties into the ink compositions provide improved blocking resistance and improved erasure resistance when used in ink transfer, ionographic, electrographic and electrophotographic color printing or proofing processes.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising a mixture of a methyl-rich silicone resin (S-1) and an acrylic resin (A-1) obtained by polymerizing at least one radical polymerizable vinyl monomer (M-1), or a reaction product obtained by reacting the silicone resin (S-1) with the radical polymerizable vinyl monomer (M-1) is suitable for coating carrier particles to form an electrophotographic carrier.

Abstract: The invention provides the following liquid developers (1)-(5). (1) A liquid developer including a carrier liquid having an aniline point of 80.degree. C. to 100.degree. C.; and at least one compound selected from among Color Index Pigment Yellow 180, Color Index Solvent Yellow 162 and derivatives of these. (2) A liquid developer including a carrier liquid having an aniline point of 80.degree. C. to 100.degree. C.; toner; and at least one compound selected from among salicylic acid metal salt and derivatives thereof. (3) A liquid developer including a carrier liquid having an aniline point of 80.degree. C. to 100.degree. C.; toner; and at least one compound selected from among borate-containing compound and derivatives thereof.

Abstract: A liquid developer having a superior sedimentation characteristic and floating characteristic and an image forming apparatus using said liquid developer, wherein said liquid developer comprising toner dispersed in liquid medium and the difference in specific gravity between said toner and said liquid medium is at or lower than a prescribed level.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid developer for electrophotography comprising: carrier liquid, and toner particles, dispersed in the carrier liquid, formed of binder resin and colorant, wherein said carrier liquid contains acidic dispersion resin and basic dispersion resin which are soluble in said carrier liquid. Further, the present invention provides a liquid developer for electrophotography comprising: carrier liquid, and toner particles, dispersed in the carrier liquid, formed of binder resin and colorant, wherein said liquid developer contains a basic dispersion resin that is soluble in said carrier liquid and has a moisture content of 500.about.20,000 ppm, and has an acidic group on the surface of the toner particle.

Abstract: The developer for electrostatic photography according to the present invention comprises toner particles containing a thermoplastic resin and a colorant dispersed in an electrically insulating carrier having a melting point above room temperature wherein the thermoplastic resin is insoluble in the electrically insulating carrier at a temperature below the melting point of the electrically insulating carrier but becomes solvated with the electrically insulating carrier at a temperature above the melting point of the electrically insulating carrier. The present invention provides a developer for electrostatic photography, which enables to reduce the emission of vapor, to carry out a fixing treatment at a higher rate, to reduce the amount of energy required for fixing treatment and to create a high-quality image even after repeated use of the developer.

Abstract: A cryogenic liquid, particularly liquid nitrogen, is used as a non-conductive fluid medium for freezing paper and as the liquid toner for electrostatic imaging. A web or sheet of paper is frozen using the cryogenic liquid to provide a dielectric surface for charged image areas to adhere to. The cryogenic liquid based toner carrier is particularly suitable for use in printing processes wherein a latent charge image is developed.

Abstract: An organosol comprising a high molecular weight (co)polymeric steric stabilizer covalently bonded to an insoluble, high molecular weight thermoplastic (co)polymeric core is described which has the ability to form a three dimensional gel of controlled rigidity. The gel provides improved liquid ink or liquid electrophotographic/electrographic toner compositions by increasing sedimentation stability of the colorant, without compromising print quality or ink transfer performance. The gel is formed by manipulating the solubility parameter difference between the stabilizer and the solvent to achieve optimum performance of the dispersion.

Abstract: A liquid developer comprised of a nonpolar liquid with essentially no volatiles, thermoplastic resin particles, a charge adjuvant, or charge control agent, pigment, and a charge director, and wherein said volatiles are removed by heating.

Abstract: In a wet-type electrophotographic image formation method using an organic electrophotographic photoconductor constituted of an electroconductive support and a photoconductive layer formed thereon, the steps of (1) forming a latent electrostatic image on the photoconductive layer, and (2) developing the latent electrostatic image to a visible toner image with a developer comprising toner particles and a carrier liquid constituted of or including a silicone oil in which the toner particles are dispersed.